Now consider the types of resources needed to complete your assignment. As information comes in many different formats, some types may be more appropriate to your assessment requirements.
Select the plus symbols below to read more about some of the main resources.
Peer reviewed resources
You may be asked to use 'peer reviewed' or 'refereed' references. These are evaluated by subject experts before publication, so can indicate higher quality and more authoritative information. Not all 'scholarly' or 'academic' resources are peer reviewed.
You can search for information using a range of tools, including the Library Collection and databases, Google Scholar, and internet search engines. Choose the sources that are best suited to your needs.
Select the plus symbols below to learn more about different search options.
Basic search This is the default option when searching in the Library Collection.
1. Add in one keyword for each concept, combining them with AND. Note: Searching for more general terms will find more results. 2. Select Search . 3. Swap your keywords with your alternative terms to see different results.
Advanced search If you would like to do a more comprehensive search, use the Advanced search.
1. Put each concept on a new line 2. Add your alternative words , combining them with OR. 3. Select Search.
Use the filters on the left to limit and refine your results. You could try limiting to:
Medline Searching in Medline is different to searching in the Library Collection.
1. Type your first concept and alternative words into the search box. 2. Untick the box labeled Map to Subject Heading .
Scopus You can do a basic or advanced search, just like in the Library Collection.
1. Type all your keywords for your first concept into the search box. 2. Select the plus symbol to the right to add a line for your next concept. 3. Add all your keywords for your second concept into the search bar. 4. Repeat steps 2-3 until you have used all your concepts. 5. Select Search .
More useful databases:
Google Scholar You can search Google Scholar in the same way as a basic search on the Library homepage.
To find relevant websites that are recommended for your area of study, have a look at the Find evidence: government and organisation information tab in this guide.
You could also visit the following resources:
You can use Google to search for information from professional bodies, governments, and non-government organisations. This might include reports, clinical guidelines, professional standards, codes of conduct, and more.
Google has a number of useful search features that can make your searching more efficient:
If you are looking for information on the internet, it's worth downloading LibKey Nomad. It's a browser extension that will look for full text PDFs of journal articles from websites outside of the Library Collection. This is helpful when looking on pages such as Wikipedia, because you can easily access and read the articles from the reference list. Instructions to download LibKey Nomad are available here .
You should critically evaluate all resources found to determine their appropriateness for your assignment. The video below explains more.
You must appropriately cite (‘acknowledge’) all references used in your assignment to avoid plagiarism.
The Study Help: assignment writing page has lots of information to help you with writing various types of assignments, including
The following resources will help you prepare for oral presentations:
Watch: Building great business presentations (1:08:00) Read: Oral presentations (Study Help page) Read: Ten simple rules for making good oral presentations
The following resources will help you formulate your debate:
Visit: Toastmasters International website Read: Debating: a brief introduction for beginners (Debating SA) Watch: Debate skill: argument building (11:08) Watch: Debate lesson: refutation and rebuttal (11:11)
The following resources will help you create videos: Watch: How to write a script (3:51)
The following resources will help you create podcasts: Watch: Producing podcasts (1:42:00) Watch: How to start a podcast (14:26)
Open source (free) software:
The text within this Guide is licensed CC BY 4.0 . Image licenses can be found within the image attributions document on the last page of the Guide. Ask the Library for information about reuse rights for other content within this Guide.
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Common questions, student help.
Assignment coversheets are no longer required if submitting an individual assignment via Gradebook; unless specifically requested by the Course Coordinator, as Gradebook will automatically create the coversheet for you.
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We, the APA Style team, are not robots. We can all pass a CAPTCHA test , and we know our roles in a Turing test . And, like so many nonrobot human beings this year, we’ve spent a fair amount of time reading, learning, and thinking about issues related to large language models, artificial intelligence (AI), AI-generated text, and specifically ChatGPT . We’ve also been gathering opinions and feedback about the use and citation of ChatGPT. Thank you to everyone who has contributed and shared ideas, opinions, research, and feedback.
In this post, I discuss situations where students and researchers use ChatGPT to create text and to facilitate their research, not to write the full text of their paper or manuscript. We know instructors have differing opinions about how or even whether students should use ChatGPT, and we’ll be continuing to collect feedback about instructor and student questions. As always, defer to instructor guidelines when writing student papers. For more about guidelines and policies about student and author use of ChatGPT, see the last section of this post.
If you’ve used ChatGPT or other AI tools in your research, describe how you used the tool in your Method section or in a comparable section of your paper. For literature reviews or other types of essays or response or reaction papers, you might describe how you used the tool in your introduction. In your text, provide the prompt you used and then any portion of the relevant text that was generated in response.
Unfortunately, the results of a ChatGPT “chat” are not retrievable by other readers, and although nonretrievable data or quotations in APA Style papers are usually cited as personal communications , with ChatGPT-generated text there is no person communicating. Quoting ChatGPT’s text from a chat session is therefore more like sharing an algorithm’s output; thus, credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and the corresponding in-text citation.
When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023).
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
You may also put the full text of long responses from ChatGPT in an appendix of your paper or in online supplemental materials, so readers have access to the exact text that was generated. It is particularly important to document the exact text created because ChatGPT will generate a unique response in each chat session, even if given the same prompt. If you create appendices or supplemental materials, remember that each should be called out at least once in the body of your APA Style paper.
When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).
The in-text citations and references above are adapted from the reference template for software in Section 10.10 of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2020, Chapter 10). Although here we focus on ChatGPT, because these guidelines are based on the software template, they can be adapted to note the use of other large language models (e.g., Bard), algorithms, and similar software.
The reference and in-text citations for ChatGPT are formatted as follows:
Let’s break that reference down and look at the four elements (author, date, title, and source):
Author: The author of the model is OpenAI.
Date: The date is the year of the version you used. Following the template in Section 10.10, you need to include only the year, not the exact date. The version number provides the specific date information a reader might need.
Title: The name of the model is “ChatGPT,” so that serves as the title and is italicized in your reference, as shown in the template. Although OpenAI labels unique iterations (i.e., ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4), they are using “ChatGPT” as the general name of the model, with updates identified with version numbers.
The version number is included after the title in parentheses. The format for the version number in ChatGPT references includes the date because that is how OpenAI is labeling the versions. Different large language models or software might use different version numbering; use the version number in the format the author or publisher provides, which may be a numbering system (e.g., Version 2.0) or other methods.
Bracketed text is used in references for additional descriptions when they are needed to help a reader understand what’s being cited. References for a number of common sources, such as journal articles and books, do not include bracketed descriptions, but things outside of the typical peer-reviewed system often do. In the case of a reference for ChatGPT, provide the descriptor “Large language model” in square brackets. OpenAI describes ChatGPT-4 as a “large multimodal model,” so that description may be provided instead if you are using ChatGPT-4. Later versions and software or models from other companies may need different descriptions, based on how the publishers describe the model. The goal of the bracketed text is to briefly describe the kind of model to your reader.
Source: When the publisher name and the author name are the same, do not repeat the publisher name in the source element of the reference, and move directly to the URL. This is the case for ChatGPT. The URL for ChatGPT is https://chat.openai.com/chat . For other models or products for which you may create a reference, use the URL that links as directly as possible to the source (i.e., the page where you can access the model, not the publisher’s homepage).
You may have noticed the confidence with which ChatGPT described the ideas of brain lateralization and how the brain operates, without citing any sources. I asked for a list of sources to support those claims and ChatGPT provided five references—four of which I was able to find online. The fifth does not seem to be a real article; the digital object identifier given for that reference belongs to a different article, and I was not able to find any article with the authors, date, title, and source details that ChatGPT provided. Authors using ChatGPT or similar AI tools for research should consider making this scrutiny of the primary sources a standard process. If the sources are real, accurate, and relevant, it may be better to read those original sources to learn from that research and paraphrase or quote from those articles, as applicable, than to use the model’s interpretation of them.
We’ve also received a number of other questions about ChatGPT. Should students be allowed to use it? What guidelines should instructors create for students using AI? Does using AI-generated text constitute plagiarism? Should authors who use ChatGPT credit ChatGPT or OpenAI in their byline? What are the copyright implications ?
On these questions, researchers, editors, instructors, and others are actively debating and creating parameters and guidelines. Many of you have sent us feedback, and we encourage you to continue to do so in the comments below. We will also study the policies and procedures being established by instructors, publishers, and academic institutions, with a goal of creating guidelines that reflect the many real-world applications of AI-generated text.
For questions about manuscript byline credit, plagiarism, and related ChatGPT and AI topics, the APA Style team is seeking the recommendations of APA Journals editors. APA Style guidelines based on those recommendations will be posted on this blog and on the APA Style site later this year.
Update: APA Journals has published policies on the use of generative AI in scholarly materials .
We, the APA Style team humans, appreciate your patience as we navigate these unique challenges and new ways of thinking about how authors, researchers, and students learn, write, and work with new technologies.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
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Structuring an assignment Purpose To help students develop the ability to submit written assignments that consistently meet the requirements of particular disciplines. It outlines the conventions students are expected to know in order to successfully complete their assignments.
Assignment submission with myUnisa You can submit written and multiple-choice assignments for formal courses online using myUnisa.
Step-by-step Instructions for Submitting MCQ and File Assignments via myUnisa How to submit a written (file) assignment
Remember: It's your responsibility to ensure that you assessments are received by Unisa. Do not wait until the closing date to submit your assessment. To check that Unisa has received your assignment, login to myUnisa, click on "myAdmin", "Assessment Admin" and then "Assignments submission".
Printed assignments Use double-line spacing and leave a 5cm blank space on the right-hand side of each page (for the lecturer's feedback). Please follow the lecturer's instructions (in your tutorial letters) and the printed instructions on the assignment covers. Please use a header for all Word processor files, with your name, student number, module code and assignment number.
Assignments submitted via myUnisa, which are marked onscreen (except multiple-choice assignments, blogs, portfolios and discussion forums) will be available for viewing on myUnisa. Notification of the marked assignment (together with a link) will be sent to your myLife e-mail account. Download your marked assignment, so that you have access to it even when you are ofline. Unisa's Assignment ...
The Writing your assignment resource is designed and monitored by Learning Advisers and Academic Librarians at UniSA. Write your essay. Use your essay plan to develop your introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion in full. Your completed essay should have a clear argument which is relevant to the assignment task, logically organised so that ...
Follow the steps below to complete an Written Assignment assessment: Open the Assignment assessment. Download the question paper and note any additional information provided such as the proctoring tool to be used. Complete the Take-Home assessment in MS Word or on paper.
A detailed, step by step guide showing you how to submit a UNISA written assignment on MyUNISA. See how to improve your marks by scrolling to the bottom.
Unisa's Assignment Division will not accept requests to cancel assignments submitted via myUnisa. It is your responsibility to ensure that the content of your assignment is correct before you submit it via myUnisa.
Assignment Section (Formative Assessment) The mission of the Assignment Division is the preparation and registration of all written, electronic and MCQ (Multiple choice question) assignments and assignment marks, in order to render an effective service to Unisa clients.
The main purpose of a report is usually to investigate an issue and report back with suggestions or recommendations to allow people to make decisions or take action. You will need to find information on the issue by reading through course materials and doing further research via the UniSA Library and relevant databases. Report writing requires you to plan and think, so give yourself enough ...
Tip: If you're already in Word for the web, get to college-related templates by going to File > New, and then below the template images click More on Office.com. Choose an APA template or MLA template, or other college-related template and open it in Word for the web to make it yours.
University of South Africa UNISA Assignments Submission
Create a plan for your assignment. Part of writing an assignment is creating a plan, and in some courses, you may be tasked with creating a plan as part of your assignment. A plan should build on your original brainstorming session and be informed by your research. A good place to start is the marking criteria.
Login with your student number and myUnisa password. Find the module code for which you want to submit a take-home or portfolio answer file. The link will only display if the examination session is still open for submissions. Click on the link to submit your answer file. A new screen will open that will guide you through the steps to upload ...
Create a plan for your assignment. Part of writing an assignment is creating a plan, and in some courses, you may be tasked with creating a plan as part of your assignment. A plan should build on your original brainstorming session and be informed by your research. A good place to start is the marking criteria.
TUTORIAL LETTERS Note: As it is important to write out University of South Africa in the text, particularly if repeated frequently, the abbreviation Unisa may be used.
Writing assignments at uni - the process. Download useful resources. Assignment planning. Assignment planning calculator (Courtesy: Massey University) Studiosity's assignment calculator. Using mindmaps to plan assignments. Understanding assignment and instruction words. Note-taking template for assignments. Note-taking template (Charting method)
To find the assignment on the course learn online site - go to the 'Assessment - Written Assignment Parts A & B' section on the navigation menu (look to the left of the screen) and then click on the green book - this is the Workbook for the assignment and contains everything students need for the assignment.
Understand your task Begin by clarifying the assessment requirements. Read the assignment instructions and marking criteria supplied on your course site. The video below explains more about writing assignments at university.
Assessment: Assignment Coversheets. Assignment coversheets are no longer required if submitting an individual assignment via Gradebook; unless specifically requested by the Course Coordinator, as Gradebook will automatically create the coversheet for you. A signed coversheet is still required: when submitting in hard-copy (paper-based ...
This post outlines how to create references for large language model AI tools like ChatGPT and how to present AI-generated text in a paper.