essay upsc 2022 question paper

UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

• Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
• In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
• Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
• Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
• Whither Indian democracy? -1995
• How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
• What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
• What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
• My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
• Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
• Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
• Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
• Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
• Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
• The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
• There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
• How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
• Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
• Need for transparency in public administration -1996
• The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
• Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
• Justice must reach the poor -2005
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
• Judicial activism. -1997
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
• The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
• Food security for sustainable national development -2005
• Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
• Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
• The composite culture of India. -1998
• The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
• From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
• New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
• Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
• Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
• Role of media in good governance -2008
• Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
• How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
• Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
• The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
• Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
• Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
• Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
• Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
• Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
• Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
• Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
• Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
• Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
• Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
• Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
• BPO boom in India. -2007
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
• Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
• Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
• Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
• Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
• Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
• Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
• What is real education? -2005
• “Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
• Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
• Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
• Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
• Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
• Life is a long journey between being human and being humane.  (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
• Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
• Wisdom finds truth -2019
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
• With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
• Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
• He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
• The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
• Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
• ‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
• There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
• Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
• Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
• Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
• Truth is lived, not taught -1996
• When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
• Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
• You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
• Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
• Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
• If youth knew, if age could. -2002
• Youth culture today. -1999
• Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
• Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
• Useless life is an early death. -1994
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
• The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
• Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
• The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
• If women ruled the world -2005
• The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
• Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
• Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
• Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
• Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
• Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
• Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
• Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

• South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
• Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
• ‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
• National identity and patriotism -2008
• Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
• The masks of new imperialism. -2003
• As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
• The implications of globalization for India. -2000
• My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
• India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
• The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
• Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
• Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
• Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
• The global order: political and economic -1993
• India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
• Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
• Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
• In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
• Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
• Good fences make good neighbours -2009
• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
• Terrorism and world peace -2005
• True religion cannot be misused. -1997
• History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
• Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

• Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
• Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
• Modern technological education and human values. -2002
• Value-based science and education. -1999
• The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
• ‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
• Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
• Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
• The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
• Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
• Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
• Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
• The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
• The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

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(Download) UPSC Mains 2022 Question Paper: Essay Compulsory

• Marks : 250 (125x2)
• Duration: 3 hours
• Exam Date:  16-09-2022
• Year : 2022
• Exam Date : 

Write Two Essays, choosing One from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each.

Section-a (125 marks) - choose any one essay, q-1.forests are the best case studies for economic excellence., q-2.poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world., q-3.history is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man., q-4.a ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for., download upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers pdf, section-b (125 marks)- choose any one essay, q-1.the time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining., q-2.you cannot step twice in the same river., q-3.a smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities., q-4.just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right., click here to download full papers pdf, (e-book) upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers ( 2000-2020 ) pdf, download upsc mains gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc pre gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc mains gs solved papers pdf, printed study material for ias mains general studies, printed study material for ias mains essay, << go back to main page.

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• Compiled by Lukmaan IAS
• September 16, 2022
• Essay Paper Analysis , UPSC Essay Paper-2022 , UPSC Paper Analysis , UPSC PAPER-2022

Table of Contents

• 1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence
• 2. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
• 3. History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man
• 4. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for
• 5. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining
• 6. You cannot step twice in the same river
• 7. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities
• 8. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right

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Public admin. (paper-ii) question paper : upsc cse mains-2022, public admin. (paper-i) question paper : upsc cse mains-2022, gs paper-4 upsc cse mains-2022.

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[UPSC Mains 2022] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2022

• September 16, 2022

Important Updates , UPSC MAINS 2022 QUESTION PAPERS

1) Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.

2) Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.

3) History is a series of victorious won by the scientific man over the romantic man.

4) A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.

1) The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

2) You cannot step twice in the same river.

3) A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

4) Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper Discussion – By Sunil Oberoi Sir Retd. IAS

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UPSC 2022 Question Paper PDF for IAS Prelims and Mains

In this article, Adda247 is providing the UPSC 2022 Question Paper for both Prelims GS Paper I and Paper II (CSAT) and Mains Question Papers PDFs. Read this article for more Details.

Table of Contents

UPSC 2022 Question Paper

Those in search of the UPSC 2022 Question Papers for Prelims and Mains need not look any further. To understand the nature of UPSC 2023 Prelims and Mains exam Question papers the most recommended tip from over the years is scanning the UPSC question papers for examination.

In this article, Adda247 is providing the UPSC 2022 Question Papers for both Prelims GS Paper I & Paper II (CSAT) and Mains Question Papers PDFs right here.

UPSC 2022 Question Paper Prelims

The UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) Preliminary Stage consists of two exams, both conducted on the same day:

• UPSC Prelims General Studies Paper 1
• UPSC Prelims General Studies Paper 2 (CSAT)

Each paper has a duration of 2 hours and is 200 marks. Negative marking applies to both papers. Aspirants should review the IAS Prelims Syllabus to gain insights into the subjects covered in the exam.

UPSC 2022 Prelims Paper General Studies Paper 1

UPSC 2022 Prelims Paper 1 is an objective test comprising a Total of 100 questions, with a total mark value of 200. It encompasses a range of subjects including History, Economy, Politics, Geography, Science and Technology, as well as Environment and Ecology.

The cumulative score achieved in UPSC 2022 Question Paper Prelims GS Paper 1 holds significant importance in determining the cutoff and confirming a candidate’s eligibility for the first stage of the UPSC Mains examination. It’s worth noting that a negative marking system is in effect, with 1/3rd of the marks being deducted for each incorrectly answered question.

Download PDF: UPSC 2022 Question Paper for Prelims GS Paper 1

UPSC 2022 Prelims Paper General Studies Paper 2 (CSAT)

The UPSC 2022 Prelims Paper 2, conducted in the second shift after the UPSC GS Paper 1, is an objective-type test comprising 80 questions with a total of 200 marks. This paper deviates slightly from General Studies Paper I, as it incorporates questions designed to evaluate candidates’ reasoning skills.

It assesses their aptitude in comprehension, analytical thinking, communication, decision-making, problem-solving, basic numeracy, and mental ability. Similar to Paper 1, there is a negative marking system in place, deducting 1/3rd of the total marks allotted for each incorrect response. However, unlike Paper 1, the nature of Paper 2 is purely qualifying. To advance to the next stage, candidates need to achieve a score of only 33% of the total marks.

Download PDF: UPSC 2022 Question Paper for Prelims GS Paper 2 (CSAT)

UPSC 2022 Question Paper Mains

The UPSC Mains examination comprises 9 conventional essay-type papers in various subjects, with two of them serving as qualifying papers. The marks earned in all the mandatory papers (Paper-I to Paper-VII) and the Interview/Personality Test are taken into account for determining the final ranking. Below is the list of the 2 Qualifying papers and the 7 merit-ranking papers in the UPSC Main Examination:

• Qualifying Papers
• Any One Indian Language from the Eighth Schedule of The Constitution of India
• Merit Ranking Papers
• General Studies Paper I
• General Studies Paper II
• General Studies Paper III
• General Studies Paper IV
• Optional Paper I
• Optional Paper II

In the article, candidates will have access to the UPSC 2022 Mains Question paper PDFs for both the qualifying papers and the merit-ranking papers.

UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper PDF for General Studies

In this, prospective exam candidates can review and download the UPSC 2022 Mains Question papers in PDF format. By studying the UPSC Mains question papers, aspirants can assess and develop their strategy to excel in the Mains phase of the forthcoming Civil Services Examination. Download the UPSC 2022 Question Paper PDF from the link given below.

UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper PDF for Essay

• UPSC Essay paper has two sections: A and B.
• Each section includes about four questions.
• Candidates must choose one topic from each section, answering a total of 2 essay questions.
• The word limit for each question is 1000-1200 words.
• Each question carries 125 marks, totaling around 250 marks.
• This paper is considered for merit ranking and not just for qualification.

Download PDF: UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper For Essay

UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper PDF for Indian Language

UPSC 2022 Mains Paper A is the obligatory Indian Language Paper among the nine papers. Those appearing for the Mains exam must choose an Indian language from the list specified in the official notification by the Union Public Service Commission.

On the other hand, Paper B is the mandatory English Language Paper. Although it’s only qualifying in nature, the English Language Paper is compulsory, and candidates must achieve a minimum of 33% marks to be eligible for inclusion in the final merit list.

UPSC 2022 Mains Question Paper PDF for Optional Paper

In the UPSC CSE Mains exam, candidates must pick one optional subject from a list of 48. This chosen subject is divided into Paper 1 and Paper 2, each worth 250 marks. It’s crucial to make a thoughtful selection because the optional subject plays a significant role in determining a candidate’s rank in the final merit list.

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What is the marks required to clear prelims?

The UPSC cut off 2022 for Prelims declared for all the categories are: General – 88.22. SC – 74.08. ST – 69.35

Is it difficult to clear prelims?

The UPSC Prelims is the first and the most difficult hurdle to clear in the UPSC Exam

Do UPSC Prelims questions repeat?

Yes, UPSC does repeat its previous year's questions in the Prelims exam.

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GS Paper 4 UPSC 2022 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 19, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

UPSC conducted the  General Studies Paper 4 , as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2022 on 18-09-2022.There were 12 questions split into two sections – A and B.Case studies were included in Section B. Many questions had sub-sections.

Table of Contents

GS Paper 4 UPSC 2022: Instructions

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• There are 12 questions divided into two sections and printed both in ENGLISH and HINDI.
• All questions are compulsory.
• The number of marks carried by a question/part is printed against it.
• Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
• Keep the word limit indicated in the questions in mind.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.
• The content of the answer is more important than its length.

General Studies Paper 4 Question Paper – UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2022

Qn1(a). Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery ignoring the core issues before him is not rare in the Bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate (150 words)

Qn2(a). The Rules and Regulations provided to all the Civil servants are same, yet there is difference in the performance. Positive minded officers are able to interpret the Rules and Regulations in favour of the case and achieve success, Whereas, negative minded officers are unable to achieve goals by interacting the same Rules and Regulations against the case. Discuss with illustrations.

(b)It is believed that adherence to ethics in human actions would ensure in smooth functioning of an organization / system. If so, what does ethics seek to promote in human life? How do how do ethical values assist in the resolution of conflicts faced by him in his day to day functioning?

Qn3. What does each of the following quotations mean to you? (a) “Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have the right to do and what is right to do. “-Potter Stewart (b) “If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel that there are three key societal members who can make a difference They are father, mother and teacher.”- APJ Abdul Kalam

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(c) “Judge your success by what you had to give up in order to get it”- Dalai Lama

Qn4(a)What do you understand by the term ‘good governance? How far recent initiatives in terms of e-Governance steps taken by the State have helped the beneficiaries? Discuss with suitable examples.

(b) Online methodology is being used for day-to-day meetings, institutional approvals in the administration and for teaching and learning in education sector to the extent telemedicine in the health sector is getting popular with the approval of the competent authority. No doubt it has advantages and disadvantages for both the beneficiaries and the system at large. Describe and discuss reticle issues involved in the use of the online method, particularly to the vulnerable section of the society.

Qn5(a). Russia and Ukraine war has been going on for the last seven months. Different countries have taken independent stands and actions keeping in view their own national interests. We are all aware that war has its own impact on the different aspects of society, including human tragedy. What are those ethical issues that are crucial to be considered while launching the war and its continuation so far? Illustrate with justification the ethical issues involved in the given state of affairs.

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(b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:

Qn7 There was another dimension which was causing him deep mental torture and agony . This pertained to his personal precarious financial health . He was a single earner in the family with two school – college going children and his old ailing mother . The heavy expenditure on education and medical was causing a big strain to his monthly pay packet . Regular EMI for housing loan taken from bank was unavoidable and any default would render him liable for severe legal action . In the above backdrop , he was hoping for some miracle to happen . There was sudden turn of events . His secretary informed that a gentleman – Subhash Verma wanted to see him as he was interested in the position of Manager which was to be filled in by him in the company . He further brought to his notice that his CV has been received through the office of the Minister of Defence . During interview of the candidate Subhash Verma , he found him technically sound , resourceful and experienced marketeer . He seemed to be well – conversant with tendering procedures and having knack of follow – up and liaising in this regard . Prabhat felt that he was better choice than the rest of the candidates who were interviewed by him in the last few days . Subhash Verma also indicated that he was in possession of the copies of the bid documents that the Unique Electronics Ltd. would be submitting the next day to the Defence Ministry for their tender . He offered to hand over those documents subject to his employment in the company on suitable terms and conditions . He made it clear that in the process , the Sterling Electric Ltd. could outbid their rival company and get the bid and hefty Defence Ministry order . He indicated that it will be win – win situation for both him and the company . Prabhat was absolutely stunned . It was a mixed feeling of shock and thrill . He was uncomfortable and perspiring . If accepted , all his problems would vanish instantly and he may be rewarded for securing the much awaited tender and thereby boosting company’s sales and financial health . He was in a fix as to the future course of action . He was wonder – struck at the guts of Subhash Verma in having surreptitiously removing his own company papers and offering to the rival company for a job . Being an experienced person , he was examining the pros and cons of the proposal / situation and he asked him to come the next day . (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case . (b) Critically examin the options available to Prabhat in the above situation. (c) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Prabhat and why?

Qn8 Ramesh is State Civil Services Officer who got the opportunity of getting posted to the capital of a border State after rendering 20 years of service . Ramesh’s mother has recently been detected cancer and has been admitted in the leading cancer hospital of the city . His two adolescent children have also got admission in one of the best public schools of the town . After settling down in his appointment as Director in the Home Department of the State , Ramesh got confidential report through intelligence sources that illegal migrants are infiltrating in the State from the neighbouring country . He decided to personally carry out surprise check of the border posts along with his Home Department team . To his surprise , he caught red – handed two families of 12 members infiltrated with the connivance of the security personnel at the border posts . On further inquiry and investigation , it was found that after the migrants from neighbouring country infiltrate , their documentation like Aadhaar Card , Ration Card and Voter Card are also forged and they are made to settle down in a particular area of the State . Ramesh prepared the detailed and comprehensive report and submitted to the Additional Secretary of the State . However , he has summoned by the Additional Home Secretary after a week and was instructed to withdraw the report . The Additional Home Secretary informed Ramesh that the report submitted by him has not been appreciated by the higher authorities . He further cautioned him that if he fails to withdraw the confidential report , he will not only be posted out from the prestigious appointment from the State capital but his further promotion which is due in near future will also get in jeopardy . (a) What are the options available to Ramesh as the Director of the Home Department of the bordering State ? (b) What option should Ramesh adopt and why ? (c) Critically evaluate each of the options . (d) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh ? (e) What policy measures would you suggest to combat the menace of infiltration of illegal migrants from the neighbouring country ?

Qn9 The Supreme Court has banned mining in the Aravalli Hills to stop degradation of the forest cover and to maintain ecological balance . However , the stone mining was still prevalent in the border district of the affected State with connivance of certain corrupt forest officials and politicians . Young and dynamic SP who was recently posted in the affected district promised to himself to stop this menace . In one of his surprise checks with his team , he found loaded truck with stone trying to escape the mining area . He tried to stop the truck but the truck driver overrun the police officer , killing him on the spot and thereafter managed to flee . Police filed FIR but no breakthrough was achieved in the case for almost three months . Ashok who was the Investigative Journalist working with leading TV channel , suo moto started investigating the case . Within one month , Ashok got breakthrough by interacting with local people , stone mining mafia and government officials , He prepared his investigative story and presented to the CMD of the TV channel . He exposed in his investigative report the complete nexus of stone mafia working with blessing of corrupt police and civil officials and politicians . The politician who was involved in the mafia was no one else but local MLA who was considered to be very close to the Chief Minister . After going through the investigative report , the CMD advised Ashok to drop the idea of making the story public through electronic media . He informed that the local MLA was not only the relative of the owner of the TV channel but also had unofficially 20 percent share in the channel . The CMD further informed Ashok that his further promotion and hike in pay will be taken care of in addition the soft loan of 10 lakhs which he has taken from the TV channel for his son’s chronic disease will be suitably adjusted if he hands over the investigative report to him . (a) What are the options available with Ashok to cope up with the situation ? (b) Critically evaluate / examine each of the options identified by Ashok . (c) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ashok ? (d) Which of the options , do you think , would be the most appropriate for Ashok to adopt and why ? (e) In the above scenario , what type of training would you suggest for police officers posted to such districts where stone mining illegal activities are rampant ?

Qn10  You have done MBA from a reputed institution three years back but could not get campus placement due to COVID – 19 generated recession . However , after a lot of persuasion and series of competitive tests including written and interview , you managed to get a job in a leading shoe company You have aged parents who are dependent and staying with you . You also recently got married after getting this decent job . You were allotted the Inspection Section which is responsible for clearing the final product . In first one year , you learnt your job well and was appreciated for your performance by the management . The company is doing good business for last five years in domestic market and this year it is decided even to export to Europe and Gulf countries . However , one large consignment to Europe was rejected by their Inspecting Team due to certain poor quality and was sent back . The top management ordered that ibid consignment to be cleared for the domestic market . As a part of Inspecting Team , you observed the glaring poor quality and brought to the knowledge of the Team Commander . However , the top management advised all the members of the team to overlook these defects as the management cannot bear such a huge loss . Rest of the team members except you promptly signed and cleared the consignment for domestic market , overlooking glaring defects . You again brought to the knowledge of the Team Commander that such consignment , if cleared even for domestic market , will tarnish the image and feputation of the company and will be counter – productive in the long run . However , you were further.advised by the top management that if you do not clear the consignment , the company will not hesitate to terminate your services citing certain innocuous reasons.

GS4 Question Paper Analysis

GS Paper 4 deals with  Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude . This is a dynamic paper – with multiple dimensions.

The paper really checked the quick-decision making skills and overall aptitude of the candidate for the job of a future civil servant.

Regarding case studies, most were connected to an ethical angle. However, it was not easy to satisfactorily answer case studies within the time constraints.

Important Take-Aways from the GS Paper 4 UPSC 2022 (Mains) – Question Paper

This paper stressed the importance of conceptual understanding in certain crucial areas like Ethics, Values, Aptitude etc.

Questions based on quotes were asked. Many questions focused on seeking examples from candidates – rather than theory. Examples will be game-changer. Topics like good governance, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Whistleblowing, Rule of law were asked.

We recommend all aspirants go through the  ClearIAS online notes on Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude .

Read the  UPSC syllabus and previous year’s question papers multiple times. Prepare self-notes on every keyword (Eg: Crisis of conscience – which got repeated again).

There are no major surprises this year for those candidates who had carefully analysed the  previous year’s UPSC question papers . This year’s paper followed more or less the previous year’s trends.

The Ethics paper should be taken seriously to score high. It needs a different kind of preparation. Along with conceptual knowledge, the  right practice and time managment  are also crucial for success.

What do you think of this year’s General Studies Paper 4 questions? What are your comments about this paper?

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[Download pdf] UPSC IAS Mains 2022 – GS 1 Question Paper

ForumIAS announcing GS Foundation Program for UPSC CSE 2025-26 from 27th May. Click Here for more information.

Dear Friends,

On the 2nd day of the UPSC Mains 2022 examination, GS 1 paper has been conducted. You can download the UPSC Mains 2022 GS 1 Question Paper using the link given below

UPSC Mains 2022 GS 1 Question Paper PDF

GS 1 Question Paper

Q.1) How will you explain that medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days?  (Answer in 150 words)  10

Q.2) Why did the armies of the British East India Company – mostly comprising of Indian soldiers – win consistently against the more numerous and better-equipped armies of the then Indian rulers? Give reasons.  (Answer in 150 words)   10

Q.3) Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons.  (Answer in 150 words)  10

Q.4) Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks.  (Answer in 150 words)   10

Q.5) Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone-prone areas given by India Meteorological Department.  (Answer in 150 words) 10

Q.6) Discuss the natural resource potentials of ‘Deccan Trap’.  (Answer in 150 words)   10

Q.7) Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread. (Answer in 150 words) 10

Q.8) Explore and evaluate the impact of ‘Work From Home’ on family relationships (Answer in 150 words)  10

Q.9) How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption? (Answer in 150 words)  10

Q.10) Given the diversities among tribal communities in India, in which specific contexts should they be considered as a single category? (Answer in 150 words)  10

Q.11) The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century- Discuss with examples. (Answer in 250 words) 15

Q.12) Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period and Chola period to Indian heritage and culture. (Answer in 250 words)  15

Q.13) Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture- (Answer in 250 words) 15

Q.14) What are the forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in fishing industry of the world. (Answer in 250 words)    15

Q.15) Describing the distribution of rubber producing countries, indicate the major environmental issues faced by them- (Answer in 250 words)    15

Q.16) Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade. (Answer in 250 words)  15

Q.17) Troposphere is a very significant atmospheric layer that determines weather processes. How? (Answer in 250 words)    15

Q.18) Analyse the salience of sect in Indian society vis-à-vis caste] region and religion. (Answer in 250 words)    15

Q.19) Are tolerance, assimilation and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism? Justify your answer. (Answer in 250 words)   15

Q.20) Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources] with special reference to India. (Answer in 250 words)   15

GS 1 or General Studies paper consists of 20 questions, based on the syllabus defined by UPSC (Nothing is defined in reality :() ).

The syllabus of GS Paper 1 includes subjects like Art and culture, History (Ancient to Modern), Post Independence History, World History, Society, and Geography.

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DAY – 62 Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2024: Topic – ART & CULTURE , PREVIOUS YEAR UPSC PAPER 2011 and Jan 2024 CA

INSTA 75 Days REVISION PLAN 2024

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1 . Question

Which Indian city was recently designated as the ‘City of Literature’ by UNESCO?

• b) Varanasi
• c) Kozhikode
• d) Thiruvananthapuram

Explanation:

• Recently, Kozhikode in Kerala has been added to the prestigious creative cities list of UNESCO for contributions in the fields of literature.
• The UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) was created in 2004 to promote cooperation with and among cities that have identified creativity as a strategic factor for sustainable urban development.
• Almost 300 cities around the world currently make up this network.
• Every year, UNESCO seeks applications from various cities across the globe to put them under its UCCN project.
• The applications in India are routed through the Ministry of Culture.
• Kozhikode is a permanent venue for the annual Kerala Literature Festival and hosts several other book festivals.
• Hence, option (c) is correct.

2 . Question

Consider the following statements:

• The city is widely regarded as the birthplace of one of the greatest musicians and composers in Indian history.
• It is home to one of the oldest and most influential school of Hindustani classical music.
• It hosts one of the biggest annual music festivals in India.
• It has been designated as the ‘City of Music’ under UNESCO Creative Cities Network.

Which of the following city is described correctly by the above given statements?

• c) Varanasi
• Gwalior as the City of Music:
• The city is widely regarded as the birthplace of Tansen, one of the greatest musicians and composers in Indian history, who was also one of the ‘Navratnas’ (nine jewels) in the court of Emperor Akbar.
• The city is also the origin of the Gwalior Gharana, the oldest and most influential school of Hindustani classical music.
• The city hosts one of the biggest annual music festivals in India, the Tansen Sangeet Samaroh, which attracts thousands of music lovers and artists from across the country and abroad.
• In 2023, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) announced the addition of 55 new cities to its Creative Cities Network (UCCN). Among the new entrants, two Indian cities made their mark: Kozhikode in Kerala as the ‘City of Literature’ and Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh as the ‘City of Music’.
• Other Indian cities in the UCCN include Jaipur: Crafts and Folk Arts (2015), Varanasi: Creative City of Music (2015), Chennai: Creative City of Music (2017), Mumbai: Film (2019), Hyderabad: Gastronomy (2019), and Srinagar: Crafts and Folk Art (2021).
• Hence, option (a) is correct.

3 . Question

Which climatic factor heavily influences the architectural features of Dogra buildings?

• a) Tropical storms
• b) Heatwaves
• c) High humidity
• d) Frigidity
• Srinagar Smart City Ltd. and the Kashmir chapter of the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) have joined hands to conserve vernacular elements of Dogra architecture in Kashmir.
• Dogra architecture refers to the traditional architectural style and building practices associated with the Dogra community. They primarily ruled over Jammu and Kashmir from 1846 to 1947.
• Examples of Dogra Architecture: Mubarak mandi, Jharokha style of balcony, Amar Mahal Palace.
• Dogra architecture primarily developed in the region of Jammu and Kashmir, which experiences extreme cold and snowfall due to its mountainous terrain and high altitude. As a result, the architectural features of Dogra buildings are specifically adapted to withstand these frigid conditions.
• For example, the use of sloping roofs allows for the shedding of snow, preventing the accumulation of heavy loads on the roof and ensuring structural integrity. Additionally, the emphasis on utilizing locally available materials such as wood, stone, and clay helps in providing insulation and maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature despite the cold exterior environment.
• Furthermore, the presence of intricate wood carvings and decorative elements not only serves an aesthetic purpose but also contributes to the functionality of the buildings by providing additional insulation and protection against the cold.
• Hence, option (d) is correct.

4 . Question

With reference to Salabhanjika in Hoysala sculpture, consider the following statements:

• Salabhanjika or madanika, is a mythical female figure often depicted near trees or engaged in artistic activities, such as music and dance.
• Salabhanjika figures are primarily found on the outer walls of Hoysala temples and are absent from the interior.

Which of the above given statements is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2
• d) Neither 1 nor 2
• Salabhanjika, also known as madanika, is indeed a mythical female figure often depicted near trees or engaged in artistic activities like music and dance. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Salabhanjika figures are not exclusively found on the outer walls of Hoysala temples. They are commonly depicted both on the outer walls and on the interior surfaces, including pillars and lintels, of Hoysala temples. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

5 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding prehistoric rock paintings in India:

• The first discovery of rock paintings in India was made by archaeologist Archibold Carlleyle.
• Prehistoric paintings in India often depict geometric patterns in white, black, and red ochre colors.
• Animals depicted in these paintings are shown in a realistic style, while human figures are represented in abstract forms.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one
• b) Only two
• c) All three
• Archibold Carlleyle, made the initial discovery of prehistoric rock paintings in India. In 1867–68, Carlleyle stumbled upon these ancient artworks, marking a significant milestone in the understanding of India’s prehistoric past. His findings laid the foundation for further archaeological exploration and research into the rich cultural heritage of India’s ancient rock art. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Geometric patterns, such as circles, lines, dots, and spirals, are commonly found in prehistoric rock paintings across India. These patterns are often depicted using natural pigments like white, black, and red ochre. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• In prehistoric rock paintings, animals are often portrayed in a stylized or symbolic manner rather than a strictly realistic style. Human figures may also be depicted in various styles, ranging from abstract and schematic representations to more detailed and naturalistic renderings. There is no consistent pattern where animals are depicted realistically while human figures are abstract. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Hence, option (b) is correct.

6 . Question

Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of Tanjore Paintings?

• a) Tanjore paintings are known for their flat compositions and emphasis on naturalistic landscapes.
• b) They originated in the Deccan region during the 16th and 17th centuries, heavily influenced by Persian artistic elements.
• c) Tanjore paintings typically feature Hindu gods and goddesses, with the main figure painted at the center of the composition.
• d) Tanjore Paintings are primarily known for depicting secular scenes from everyday life rather than focusing solely on Hindu deities.
• Tanjore paintings are characterized by their richly detailed and embellished style, typically featuring intricate depictions of Hindu deities, mythological scenes, or religious narratives. They are not known for emphasizing naturalistic landscapes but rather for their stylized and symbolic representations.
• Tanjore paintings actually originated in South India, particularly in the Tanjore (Thanjavur) region of present-day Tamil Nadu, during the 16th century under the patronage of the Nayakas of Thanjavur. While they were influenced by various artistic traditions, including indigenous Indian styles, they were not heavily influenced by Persian artistic elements.
• Tanjore paintings are renowned for their depictions of Hindu deities, goddesses, and other religious themes. The main subject, usually a deity or a divine scene, is often prominently placed at the center of the composition, and surrounded by richly detailed ornamentation and symbolic elements.
• Tanjore paintings are predominantly associated with religious and mythological themes, such as depictions of Hindu gods, goddesses, and divine narratives. While they may occasionally include secular elements, their primary focus is on religious and spiritual subject matter.

7 . Question

What artistic medium is typically used for creating Kalighat paintings?

• a) Oil on canvas
• b) Watercolor on paper
• c) Acrylic on wood
• d) Ink on silk
• Kalighat paintings are traditionally created using watercolors on paper. This medium allows for the vibrant colors and intricate details characteristic of Kalighat art. While other artistic mediums like oil on canvas, acrylic on wood, and ink on silk are used in various art forms, they are not typically associated with Kalighat paintings.

8 . Question

Consider the following statements about the Samkhya School of philosophy:

• It propounds that the universe consists of two independent realities: puruṣa (‘consciousnesses) and prakṛti (‘matter’).
• The founder of Samkhya is Sage Kapila.
• According to Samkhya, there are multiple superior purushas who control the universe.
• Advaita Vedanta derives its base from the Samkhya School.

Which of the above given statements are true?

• a) 1 and 2 only
• b) 1 and 3 only
• c) 1, 2 and 4 only
• d) 2 and 4 only
• The Samkhya School of philosophy postulates the existence of two independent realities: puruṣa (consciousness) and prakṛti (matter). These two entities are considered distinct and coexist. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Sage Kapila is traditionally regarded as the founder of the Samkhya School. His teachings are recorded in the philosophical text known as the Samkhya Sutras. Hence, statement 2 is correct .
• According to Samkhya philosophy, there are multiple purushas (individual consciousness), but none of them is considered superior or controls the universe. Each purusha is independent and experiences the effects of prakṛti based on its karma. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• While Samkhya philosophy has influenced various philosophical systems, including Yoga, it is not the basis for Advaita Vedanta. Advaita Vedanta, founded by Adi Shankaracharya, derives its principles primarily from the Upanishads and is based on the concept of non-dualism (advaita). Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

9 . Question

According to the Nyaya School of philosophy, what are the four valid sources of knowledge?

• a) Perception, inference, comparison, and testimony
• b) Memory, doubt, error, and hypothetical argument
• c) Perception, inference, authority, and intuition
• d) Sense organs, intuition, testimony, and comparison
• The Nyaya School of philosophy, one of the six orthodox (astika) schools of Indian philosophy, is known for its systematic approach to logic, epistemology, and metaphysics. Founded by Sage Gautama (also known as Akṣapāda Gautama), Nyaya emphasizes the importance of reasoning and critical thinking in the pursuit of knowledge.
• Perception (Pratyakṣa), inference (Anumāna), comparison (Upamāna), and testimony (Śabda) are considered the four pramāṇas or valid means of knowledge in Nyaya epistemology.

10 . Question

Consider the following martial arts and their place of origin:

How many of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

• c) Only three
• d) All four
• Cheigi Gadd-ga is a martial art from Manipur. It involves a fighting style that incorporates various techniques of hand-to-hand combat, including grappling, wrestling, and striking techniques. The name “Cheigi Gadd-ga” signifies its origin in Manipur, where it has been practiced for generations. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.
• Inbuan Wrestling is a form of wrestling that originated in Mizoram. It is characterized by its grappling techniques, where opponents engage in bouts aiming to lift each other off the ground. Inbuan Wrestling has been a traditional sport among the Mizo people and is deeply rooted in their culture. Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.
• Saldu is actually a prominent sport of the Nicobarese tribe, an indigenous community residing in the Nicobar Islands. Saldu involves wrestling and is played on open grounds without any boundaries, making it a significant part of the Nicobarese tribal culture. Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched.
• Kathi Samu is an ancient martial art from Andhra Pradesh. It is known for employing various kinds of swords and fighting techniques. The practice of Kathi Samu has been a tradition among the royal armies of Andhra Pradesh, reflecting its historical significance in the region. Hence, pair 4 is correctly matched.

11 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding

• An Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) is a chemical compound that produces the intended affects to cure a Health condition.
• Fixed Dose combination drugs use only one API.
• Penicillin G is a narrow spectrum antibiotic used as API in several drugs.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three

Solution: B

* Every medicine is made up of two main ingredients the chemically active API and the chemically inactive excipient- which is a substance that delivers the effect of API to one’s system.

* An Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient is a chemical compound that is the most important raw material to produce a finished medicine

* in medicine is produces the intended affects to cure that disease.

Hence statement 1 is correct

* Fixed Dose combination drugs use multiple active Pharmaceutical ingredients while single dose drugs use just one API.

Hence statement 2 is incorrect

* Penicillin G is the active Pharmaceutical ingredient used in several common antibiotics.

* It is a narrow spectrum antibiotic used for the treatment of several serious bacterial infections such as pneumonia, meningitis , syphilis

* due to poor oral absorption it is generally administered intravenously or intramuscularly

* it may have side effects in certain patients.

Hence statement 3 is correct

12 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV)

• This technology has been indigenously developed by DRDO.
• MIRV equipped missiles can strike multiple targets with multiple warheads.
• It is capable of penetrating missile defence systems of enemies.

* The Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle technology was developed in 1960 and first deployed in 1970 by the United States and then Soviet Union.

* Over the years France, the United Kingdom and eventually China have developed this technology; Pakistan to has claimed to have tested an MIRV equipped missile called Ababeel in 2017 and then in 2023.

* Recently India has announced that it had successfully tested Agni V missile capable of carrying multiple war heads and strike multiple targets and is integrated with MIRV technology

Hence statement 1 is incorrect

* Traditional missiles carry a single warhead or weapon that goes and hits the intended target.

* But MIRV equipped missiles can accommodate multiple warheads, each of which can be programmed to strike a separate target ; they can all be made to hit the same location too, one after the other, thus ensuring a complete destruction of the target.

Hence statement 2 is correct

* A missile defence system is a network of Technology aimed at detecting, tracking, intercepting and destroying an incoming missile

* It involves deployment of sophisticated radars, communication system and interceptor missiles

* A part from the advantage of inflicting multiple damages with a single strike, MIRV Technology has ability to penetrate missile defence systems- an advantage for which it is widely sort after by military worldwide.

13 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding Atmospheric Research Testbed:

• It is an observation and analytical research program developed by the Central Pollution Control Board.
• It has been designed to conduct ground based observations of temperature and wind speed.
• It will be helpful in rainfall forecasts, useful for agriculture.

* The Atmospheric Research Testbed is an open field focused observation and analytical research program.

* It has been developed by the Ministry of Earth Sciences at a cost of Rs 125 crore

* the Indian Institute of Tropical Metrology, Pune is in charge of its operation.

* The first phase of India’s ART in Central India was inaugurated in Madhya Pradesh

* the 100 acre facility houses 25 high end meteorological instruments for studying vital cloud processes associated with India’s Monsoon Core Zone

* The facility aims to conduct ground based observations of weather parameters like temperature and wind speeds and on-site observations of the transient synoptic systems like low pressure areas and depression forming in the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon season from June to September.

14 . Question

Inflection 2.5, recently seen in news, is a

• (a) Large Language Model
• (b) Solar powered telescope
• (c) Li-Ion battery operated drone
• (d) Industrial robot

Solution: A

* Inflection 2.5 is an upgrade to a Large Language Model created by Inflection AI (a California based company).

* Recently the world’s friendliest chat box Pi, powered by the new Inflection 2.5 has emerged as a breakthrough in conversational AI Technology offering Deep and meaningful interactions

* Pi offers empathetic, helpful and safe conversations setting it apart from other chatbots

* Infection 2.5 allows Pi to access and process information from real time web, providing users with up to date answers to questions

* Inflection 2.5 competes with leading LLM like GPT 4 while using only 40% of its computational power for training.

Large Language Model

* These are specific class of generative AI models that are trained to understand and generate human like text

* these are built using deep learning techniques particularly using neural network

* they can generate coherent and contextually relevant text given a prompt or input.

Hence option A is correct

15 . Question

Consider the following statements regarding Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA)

• It is a Fifth generation multi-role fighter jet to be designed by the Aeronautical Development Agency.
• It is powered by indigenously developed Kaveri jet engine.
• It will have a low electromagnetic signature allowing it to remain undetected by enemy radar.

* Recently the cabinet committee on security cleared a Rs.15000 crore project to design and developed the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft- India’s 5th generation fighter multi role fighter jet.

* The Aeronautical Development Agency under the Defence Research and Development Organisation, Ministry of Defence will be the nodal agency for executing the program and designing the aircraft.

* The AMCA Mk1 variant will have the US built GE14 engine of the 90 kilonewton class, while the advanced AMCA Mk2 will fly on the more powerful 110 kilo Newton engine which will be developed by DRDO’s Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) in collaboration with a foreign defence major.

* GTRE has been working on the development of Kaveri engine to power India’s indigenously developed combat aircraft.

* The 25 tonne Twin engine aircraft bigger than other fighters in the Indian Air Force inventory will have advanced stealth features to avoid detection by enemy radar

* The feature that sets this aircraft apart is primarily the stealth feature

* the aircraft will have a low electromagnetic signature which will make it difficult for enemy radars to detect it

* at the same time it will have powerful sensors and new weapons so it is able to register the signature of enemy aircraft and take them out.

16 . Question

Foreign Portfolio Investors typically invest in

• stocks of a company
• bonds of a company or the government
• physical assets of a company

How many of the above is/are correct?

Solution: b)

Justification:

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/27/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-january-2024/

17 . Question

Consider the following statements.

• Ibex species can be found in India, China and some Central Asian and European countries.
• Himalayan Ibex is a sub-species of Siberian Ibex.
• All species of ibex are currently critically endangered.

Solution: a)

Justification:  An ibex is any of several species of wild goat, distinguished by the male’s large recurved horns, which are transversely ridged in front. Ibex are found in Europe (Alpine Ibexes), Russia (Siberian Ibexes), India (Himalayan Ibexes), North Africa and East Africa.

Across Asia, Ibex inhabits elevations from 500 m to 6,700 m in countries like India, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Southern Siberia, and China, with the least concern about IUCN status. The Himalayan Ibex (a distinct species and NOT part of Siberian Ibex) is primarily found in the trans-Himalayan ranges of the Union Territories of Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir, as well as Himachal Pradesh.

Climate change is impacting Alpine ibexes (IUCN: Least Concern), a species of mountain goats in the European Alps. Warmer temperatures are forcing these goats to shift from diurnal to nocturnal (from daytime to nighttime) habits to escape excess heat, making them vulnerable to predators like wolves.

This shift may have negative consequences on foraging efficiency, antipredator behaviours, and overall reproduction and survival rates. It also presents challenges for conservation planning and population estimates, as animals become less detectable during nocturnal hours.

18 . Question

Lake Victoria in Africa holds great significance as

• Africa’s largest lake by area
• world’s largest tropical lake
• largest freshwater lake globally

Justification: Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest lake and the world’s second-largest freshwater lake, spans approximately 59,947 km² and is shared by Kenya (6%), Uganda (43%), and Tanzania (51%). Fed by rivers like Kagera, Katonga, Sio, Yala, Nyando, Sondu Miriu, and Mara, it contributes to the River Nile’s water. As one of the African Great Lakes, Lake Victoria holds significance as Africa’s largest lake by area, the world’s largest tropical lake, and the second-largest freshwater lake globally after Lake Superior in North America.

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/26/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-january-2024/

19 . Question

• Tax Buoyancy measures the efficiency of tax collection in response to a country’s economic growth.
• The Direct Tax to GDP ratio gives an estimate of a country’s ability to mobilise resources to fuel its development.

Which of the above is/are correct?

Solution: c)

Justification: The Direct Tax to GDP ratio is a financial metric that represents the percentage of a country’s gross domestic product (GDP) contributed by direct taxes. A higher ratio implies a larger share of tax revenue relative to the overall economic activity. It gives an estimate of a country’s ability to mobilise resources to fuel its development. Direct taxes contributed over 54% to the overall tax collection during FY23.

The Tax Buoyancy decreased from 2.52 to 1.18 compared to the previous year. Tax buoyancy measures the efficiency of tax collection in response to GDP growth. It signifies buoyancy when tax revenues increase more than proportionately with GDP growth, even if tax rates remain constant.

20 . Question

• World Bank Group provides financial support and technical assistance for Climate-Smart Agriculture Initiatives (CSA) projects in developing countries.
• The Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA) is a voluntary platform fostering collaboration among governments, civil society, farmers, research institutions, and the private sector to promote knowledge sharing, policy dialogue, and investment in CSA.
• The Climate-Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN) comprises young individuals from various countries dedicated to raising awareness and taking action on CSA among youth and other stakeholders.

Justification: Climate-Smart Agriculture Initiatives:

Government Initiatives in India: National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change, National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture, Soil Health Mission, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Biotech-KISAN, and Climate Smart Village.

Public and Private Sector Involvement: Farmer-producer organizations, NGOs, and various entities are actively contributing to CSA adoption.

Research Programs: The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) addresses challenges of food security, poverty, and climate change on a global scale, National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)

World Bank Group: Provides financial support and technical assistance for CSA projects in developing countries.

Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA): A voluntary platform fostering collaboration among governments, civil society, farmers, research institutions, and the private sector to promote knowledge sharing, policy dialogue, and investment in CSA.

Climate-Smart Agriculture Youth Network (CSAYN): Comprises young individuals from various countries dedicated to raising awareness and taking action on CSA among youth and other stakeholders.

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) One of the missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).

Q Source: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/01/24/mission-2024-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-24-january-2024/

21 . Question

• They can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions.
• They improve the efficiency of the livestock population.
• They limit the loss of nitrogen from cultivated fields.

How many of the statements given above is/are correct about the Environmental Inhibitors?

Option (c) is correct: Environmental inhibitors are one of the approaches used to minimize the harmful effects of agri-food systems on the environment.

Not only can they reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane from ruminants or limit the loss of nitrogen from cultivated fields and pastures, but also improve the efficiency of livestock and crop production.”

However, an inadvertent presence of environmental inhibitors in food commodities can raise health concerns as well as trade disruption if standards or appropriate measures are not established.

22 . Question

Consider the following:

The Project PRAYAS (Promoting Regular & Assisted Migration for Youth and Skilled Professionals) recently mentioned in the news is a collaborative initiative between the International Organisation of Migration and

• (a) The World Bank Group
• (b) The World Economic Forum
• (c) The International Monetary Fund
• (d) The Indian Council of World Affairs

Option (d) is correct: The launch of Project PRAYAS (Promoting Regular & Assisted Migration for Youth and Skilled Professionals).

• The project is a joint collaboration between the IOM India and Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA).
• Project PRAYAS not only aligns with Government of India’s priorities for the promotion of safe and orderly migration, but also aligns with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to facilitate orderly, safe, regular, and responsible migration and mobility of people.

23 . Question

• Fly ash is the finest of coal ash particles transported from the combustion chamber by exhaust gases.
• The pozzolanic properties make fly ash useful for cement replacement in concrete and building applications.
• Fly ash is formed from the mineral matter in coal consisting of only combustible form of coal.

How many the statements given above is/are not correct?

Statement 1 is correct: Fly ash is the finest of coal ash particles. It is called fly ash because it is transported from the combustion chamber by exhaust gases.

Statement 2 is correct : The cementations and pozzolanic properties make some fly ashes useful for cement replacement in concrete and many other building applications.

Properties of fly ash vary significantly with coal composition and plant operating conditions. Fly ash is referred to as either cementations or pozzolanic.

A cementations material is one that hardens when mixed with water. A pozzolanic material will also harden with water but only after activation with an alkaline substance such as lime.

Statement 3 is not correct: Fly ash is the fine powder formed from the mineral matter in coal, consisting of the non-combustible matter in coal and a small amount of carbon that remains from incomplete combustion.

Fly ash is used in concrete and cement products, road base, oil stabilizer, clean fill, filler in asphalt, metal recovery, and mineral filler.

24 . Question

• Private equity
• Stocks and Bonds
• Crypto currency
• Hedge Funds
• Real Estate

How many of the assets given above can be included under the category of Alternate Investments?

• (b) Only three
• (c) Only four
• (d) All five

Explanation :

Option (c) is correct: An alternative investment is a financial asset that does not fit into the conventional equity/income/cash categories.

• Conventional categories include stocks, bonds, and cash.
• Common forms of alternative investments include real estate, commodities, cryptocurrency, and collectibles.
• Private Equity or venture capital, hedge funds, real property, commodities, and tangible assets are all examples of alternative investments.
• Alternative assets have high initial minimums and upfront investment fees.

25 . Question

The Terms of Trade-

• Denote the ratio between a country’s export and import prices.
• Indexes are the value of a country’s total exports minus total imports.
• Are dependent on exchange and inflation rates and prices.
• Do not require the implicit price deflators for its calculation.

How many of the statements given above is/are not correct?

• (c) Only three
• (d) All four

Statement 1 is correct: Terms of trade (TOT) represent the ratio between a country’s export prices and its import prices.

Statement 2 is correct: TOT indexes are defined as the value of a country’s total exports minus total imports.

Statement 3 is correct: A TOT is dependent to some extent on exchange and inflation rates and prices. A variety of other factors influence the TOT as well, and some are unique to specific sectors and industries.

Statement 4 is not correct: A TOT can be calculated using so-called implicit price deflators.

26 . Question

We often hear statements such as “knowledge is power” and “an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest”, but, in reality, we cannot conclude that all contribution bestowed by knowledge is automatically beneficial for the betterment of the populace as a whole. Although, it is true that the lack of knowledge within a person can act as a deterrence throughout his existence, keeping him from reaching his potential greatness in life, its acquisition without the possession of upright human principles can arguably do more harm than good.

With reference to the above passage, which of the following is/are the most rational and practical implication/implications?

• Human values are essential part of any purposeful education
• Two pillars of human existence are, values and knowledge

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• C. Both 1 & 2
• D. Neither 1 nor 2

For survival and achieving success humans need knowledge. But knowledge alone will do more harm than good—therefore statement 2 is correct. Knowledge should be coupled with principles—hence statement 1 is correct. Investment in education will not give automatic common good—thus statement 1 is correct.

27 . Question

On the basis of above passage following assumptions have been made:

• Without values intellectual people can do rather monumentally ill-advised things for society
• Principles only have social utility

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

The passage obviously tells people without values are not good for populace so 1 is correct. Yet passage also tells if one wants to reach greatness then also principles are needed, so even for personal growth principles have utility so 2 is wrong.

28 . Question

Study the information given below and answer the question based on it.

Q is the son of A and grandson of H. G has one daughter and one son. E is the sister of Q and niece of I, who is the daughter of G. M is the sister-in-law of I. H is not a female.

Which of the following is couple?

Answer A) G, H

The couples in the family are –

G & H, M & A

29 . Question

Study the following information and answer the question:

Seven persons Akansha, Diksha, Ilma, Himani, Lokesh, Manisha, Riya are sitting around a circular table facing the centre and likes different mobiles viz. Apple , Samsung , Lenovo , Mi , Acer , Motorola and Sony, but not necessarily in same order. Lokesh sits third to the left of Manisha. The one who likes Apple sits second to the right of the one who likes Samsung. The one who likes Mi is an immediate neighbour of Manisha. Manisha neither likes Apple nor Samsung. Only one person sits between the one who likes Sony and Lokesh. Diksha sits fourth to the right of the one who likes Sony. Akansha likes Lenovo and sits at immediate left of Himani. Himani sits second to the left of the one who likes Mi. Diksha does not like Acer and Riya does not like Samsung.

How many persons sit between Manisha and Ilma when counted in clockwise direction with respect to Ilma?

Option A) 1

30 . Question

Eight people Aarushi, Bindu, Cheenu, Divya, Etti, Pratik, Gopal and Hari live in an eight storey building, but not necessarily in the same order. The lowermost floor is numbered 1 and the topmost floor is numbered 8.

Aarushi lives on an even-numbered floor but not on the floor numbered second or fourth. Only three floors are there between Aarushi and Bindu. Only two people live between Cheenu and Etti. Pratik lives on a floor above Divya. There are equal numbers of floors between the floors on which Etti and Bindu live and between the floors on which Aarushi and Etti live. Hari lives immediately below Divya’s floor. Gopal lives immediately below Aarushi’s floor.

Pratik lives on which of the following floors?

Option B) Fifth

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13 May 2024: The Hindu Analysis

UPSC Current Affairs Preparation: The Hindu Analysis

Watch expert analysis of ‘The Hindu’ dated 13 May 2024. Important news and views to boost your IAS exam preparation. Watch previous The Hindu Video Analysis .   

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