Economics Essay Topics: 162 Practical Ideas & Useful Tips

economics essay 1500 words

Essay writing is an inherent part of the economics studying process. Nevertheless, it is quite a challenging task. Are you a high school or college student who is struggling with an economic essay topic choice? Or maybe you are unsure about your writing skills?

We know how to help you .

The following article will guide you in choosing the best topic for your essay on economics. Here, you can find a variety of ideas for high school or college. The economic essay topics are divided into several categories that will help you with your research. And a pleasant bonus from our team! We have created a great guide on how to write an economics essay.

So, don’t miss your chance to write an outstanding economic paper! Check out our essay ideas, read our tips carefully, and be ready to receive your grade A!

  • ⭐ Best Economic Topics
  • 🤝 Socio-Economic
  • 🗺️ International Economics
  • 🛠️ Labor Economics
  • 🌆 Urban Economics
  • ⚽ Sports Economics
  • 💉 Health Economics
  • 💼 Business Economics
  • 🏤 Globalization
  • 🧮 Economic History
  • 💫 How to Write?

⭐ 15 Best Economic Essay Topics

  • 2008 Economic Crisis.
  • Socio-economic policy.
  • Economic systems – Singapore.
  • Racial pay gap.
  • Economic globalization.
  • History of online trading.
  • Child labor policies.
  • The Economic Naturalist.
  • Foundations of economic theory.
  • Impact of unemployment.
  • Universal Basic Income.
  • The role of consumerism.
  • Healthcare economics – Canada’s Medicare.
  • Reasons for recession.
  • Cryptocurrency & environmental issues.

✨ Excellent Economic Essay Topics

Has economics always been a subject of meticulous research? The question is quite controversial, right? There is no specific time when economics started its rapid progress. Generally, economics remains the topic of interest since the establishment of capitalism in the Western world.

Nowadays, the economy is the main engine that moves our world forward. The way we do business determines the geopolitical situation in the world. Moreover, it influences many other parts of our lives.

The skills developed through studying economics are incredibly versatile.

Economics studying is of utmost importance nowadays. It helps to gain a better understanding of processes that put everything in motion.

Economics is quite broad, so it has a great variety of subfields. And this is a fantastic opportunity for us to generate as many essay ideas as possible. Here, you will find great economic topics for your paper. As mentioned before, we have divided them into several sections to ease your selection process. There’s a wide selection of free college essays samples on economics in our database, too. So be sure to check that out.

🤝 Socio-Economic Essay Topics

  • The economic impact of racial segregation in America in the 1950s.
  • Designing a just socio-economic system.
  • Socio-economic status of Hong Kong in modern-day China. Explain how the city of Hong Kong gained a special status in China. Why did it emerge as one of the most important cities in its economy? Comment on the significance of Hong Kong in the international economic arena.
  • Economic growth in the United States in the post-World War 2 period.
  • Mobile banking in Saudi Arabia: towards understanding the factors that affect the sector.
  • The importance of Dior’s bar suit to the women’s fashion industry.
  • Economic problems in the 1980’s Soviet Union. Talk about the significant problems with the economy the USSR had in the 1980s. What role did they play in its collapse?
  • What socio-economic problems did segregation in South Africa cause?
  • History of economic development in the UAE. Discuss the economic miracle in the UAE and Dubai. Explain how the government could turn the city of Dubai into one of the most famous tourist destinations. What strategies were applied?
  • Gender inequality and socio-economic development .
  • The problem of poverty in Venezuela.
  • How the socio-economic and political position of women changed between 1880 and 1940.
  • The economic impact of COVID-19 on global trade.

World trade is expected to fall due to the Coronavirus pandemic.

  • How do the three main economic groups interact with each other? There are three critical economic groups: – Consumers – Producers – Government Analyze the interaction of these groups with each other.
  • Extended essay: how the study of economic data helped our society to advance?
  • Western industrialization socio-economic impacts.
  • Inequality at the top: not all billionaires have the same powers. Analyze billionaires’ net worth, liquidity, political power, and wealth security. Explain why they have unequal social status. What factors determine the influence of billionaires?
  • An analysis of systems that help us measure agricultural development in a country.
  • Is social media a useful tool for brand promotion?
  • The phenomenon of dualism in economic development.

🗺️ International Economics Essay Topics

  • Globalization and its impact on international economic relations. Define the term globalization. What role does globalization play in international economic relations? Provide specific examples of globalization’s impact on the global political economy.
  • The lack of justice for the cheap international labor market. Discuss the issue of cheap labor in various countries. Why do some workers often lack fundamental human rights while others abuse moral norms? Analyze the causes and effects of inequality in the workplace.
  • Japan macroeconomics: problems and possible solutions.
  • The issue of mercantilism in the history of Great Britain. Analyze the rise and development of mercantilism in the history of Great Britain. To solidify your ideas, provide persuasive arguments, and appropriate examples of mercantilism.
  • Why does the problem of environmental protection remain unresolved among global economies?
  • Nissan Motor company’s international business.
  • International environmental concerns in economics: the case of China .
  • The issue of international criminal justice in industry. Explain why international businesses often avoid criminal justice after wrongdoings. Select one case of unethical behavior of a company’s CEO or regular employee. Briefly introduce the problem. What were the causes and effects? How was the issue resolved? Express your own opinion regarding the lack of criminal justice in business.
  • The economy of Singapore and its role in international trade.
  • International microeconomics trade dispute case study: US-China dispute on the exportation of raw materials.
  • The phenomenon of the “gig economy” and its impact on the global economy.
  • The effect of population growth in the international economy.
  • International economics in the context of globalization.

Technological and political changes have chipped away at the barriers separating nations.

  • How does Brexit affect the economy of the European Union? Analyze the immediate impact of Brexit on the EU’s economy. Predict future advantages and disadvantages of Brexit for both: Great Britain and the EU.
  • South Africa: international agribusiness, trade, and financing.
  • Historical essay: the economy of the Dutch East India company.
  • The issue of Mozambique’s economy and possible solutions. Investigate the issue of extreme poverty in Mozambique. What are some possible solutions to the problem of poverty? Base your suggestions on the country’s cultural, historical, and geographical aspects.
  • Imbalances in the global economy. Discuss the imbalances between trading countries on the scale of the global economy. What solutions would you suggest to deal with this issue?
  • How will global economies adapt to China’s growing power?
  • Etihad Airways company managerial economics.

🛠️ Labor Economics Essay Topics

  • Ford Motor company’s labor economics.
  • Labor economics: child labor.
  • The UPS firm perspective: the labor market.
  • Gender inequality of wage rate in modern business. Research how and why gender inequality is still an issue in the modern world of economics. What are some ways to deal with the problem? Present your ideas accurately and effectively. Provide solid arguments and appropriate examples to prove your position.
  • What are the best ways to increase labor productivity in business?
  • Labor unions adverse effects on economics.
  • The decrease of the labor force in modern industries. Talk about the rising rates of robotization in the majority of industries. How will it affect the traditional labor force? Comment on the problem of unemployment caused by labor automatization.
  • Violations of labor rights of workers.
  • Modern labor essay: how can an entrepreneur guarantee the minimum wage to their workers?
  • How can labor geography help develop a special economic zone? Talk about labor geography and its effects on developing an exclusive economic zone. How does the geopolitical location of a particular country influence its level of economic development?
  • Entrepreneurship in the organic cosmetics sphere.
  • Gender-oriented labor trade unions. A case study. Discuss the gender-oriented trade unions and analyze their impact on our society.
  • Child labor in the Turkish cotton industry.

The Syrian refugee crisis increased the risks of child labor in Turkey.

  • The connection between economic growth and demography. Analyze the connection between economic growth and its demographic context. Investigate both sides: – The issue of overpopulation – The problem of low birth rate. From an economic perspective, what problem is more dangerous?
  • The issue of sex discrimination in the workplace.
  • The effects of Landrum-Griffin Labor Act. Explore the labor Act of Landrum-Griffin that was passed in the US Congress in 1959. Discuss its implications and consequences. Discuss its implications and consequences.

🌆 Urban Economics Essay Topics

  • Cities and their role in aggregate economics.
  • Urbanization in Hong Kong and its effects on citizens.
  • The urban planning of the city of New York: a critical analysis. Analyze the urban history of NY. How has the city been developing? Discuss revolutionary solutions to the past and problems of modern times.
  • The impact of a city’s design on the local traffic.
  • Dubai’s spatial planning: creative solutions for building a city in the desert.
  • Globalization, urban political economy, and economic restructuring.
  • How do urban areas affect local wildlife? Comment on how modern production technologies in urban areas impact the natural diversity of wildlife. What impact does the rapid economic progress have on the environment? Suggest possible solutions.
  • Urban sociology: does the city make us better people?
  • Why should people be more careful about investing in real estate? Discuss the issues of overinvestment into real estate. Consider the economic crisis of 2008 as an example.
  • How can regional authorities help improve a city?
  • Urban life and its effects on education.
  • The economic development of a city’s metropolitan area: challenges and solutions.
  • Main factors for the emergence of cities in the Middle Ages.
  • The ethics of relocation: is it justified? Talk about the case of relocating locals when building projects of great magnitude. To what extent can it be justified? Mention its economic and ethical side.
  • The difficulties behind the construction of “green” buildings. Discuss the relatively new phenomenon of environmentally friendly buildings. Analyze both sides: the pros and cons. What obstacles lie behind the “green” building? What opportunities do the “green” buildings offer? Elaborate on your ideas by providing clear arguments or counterarguments.
  • What factors play a critical role in the success of retail productivity in cities?

⚽ Sports Economics Essay Topics

  • Do teams with higher budgets perform better on the field?
  • Corruption in European football leagues: a critical analysis. Investigate the corruption issue in the European football leagues. State reasons and solutions for the problem.
  • The managerial catastrophe of Arsenal F.C.

Discuss the football club of Arsenal.

  • The NextG sports company’s communication planning.
  • Roger D. Blair’s Sports Economics literary review. Write a literary analysis of Sports Economics by Roger D. Blair. Discuss his opinion on the economy of sports. Do you agree or disagree with his position? Provide compelling supportive arguments or strong counterarguments.
  • How significant is the impact factor of a local team on a city’s economy?
  • Kinsmen Sports Centre: marketing metrics innovation.
  • What role does statistical data play in sports? Analyze the part of economic statistical data in different sports organizations. How can statistics help to develop an effective financing plan? Comment on the impact of financing on the performance of a sports club.
  • Sports and energy drinks marketing analysis.
  • Is there a connection between the lack of money and any contemporary issues in a sports team?
  • Performance-enhancing drugs in sports.
  • The business of FIFA: a financial analysis. Investigate the finances of FIFA. What economic factors make them so influential in the modern world of football?
  • The global sports retail industry.
  • The Olympics: logistics and economy. Discuss the logistics behind the Olympics Games event. How the Olympic Games impact the economy of the host country?

💉 Health Economics Essay Topics

  • Is bioprinting the new future of medicine? Analyze the new market of organ printing and discuss its challenges. Investigate bioprinting from an economic perspective. Will the outputs cover the inputs? How will bioprinting impact the financial aspect of the health care sector?
  • Cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical products in the United States. Comment on the immense cost-effectiveness of pharmaceuticals. What do you think is the price of pharmaceutical products reasonable? Is it ethical to set extremely high prices on the medicals?
  • An economic evaluation of the antibiotics market.
  • Health economics-SIC and NAICS.
  • The financial side of cancer treatment: is it too expensive? Analyze the market for cancer treatment programs in various countries. Explore its costs and complications. What are some possible ways to reduce the price of cancer treatment and make it more affordable?
  • The issue of fast food consumption: a multibillion-dollar market . Fast food has always been one of the notable causes of obesity, diabetes, and other illnesses. Investigate the economic aspect of the issue. Are high profits from fast food production worth peoples’ health conditions?
  • History and evolution of healthcare economics.

Health has become a dominant economic and political issue over the past years.

  • The financial management of a hospital: a case study.
  • The issue of public healthcare in the USA. Write about the long-standing issue of medical sector operation in the USA. Analyze its history, financial, and social aspects.
  • Demand in healthcare economics.
  • What are the economic outcomes of a global pandemic? Taking the COVID-19 outbreak as an example, conduct research on the effects of a pandemic on the economy. How does it affect local economies? What impact does the quarantine have on the international economy? Provide appropriate examples to support your ideas.

💼 Business Economics Essay Topics

  • When does an advertising campaign become unnecessary?
  • Sustainable development of a nation’s economic stability. Discuss how a country can create a sustainable economy. Provide bright examples to solidify your position.
  • How can a small business compete with monopolies?
  • What are the limitations of the Lewis Model?
  • The phenomenon of inflation: inevitable liability or a land of opportunity for our economies? Explore the process of inflation in modern economies. Does it only have adverse effects on the countries’ economies? Are there any advantages of inflation? Analyze it from a positive perspective.
  • Economics, business, and sugar in the UK.
  • The shadow economy of the finance sector. Dive into the backstage of the finance sector and research various “grey” areas where business can be done.
  • Chinese and Japanese business systems comparison.
  • Oil demand and its changes in the XXI century: a critical analysis. Analyze the oil sector and write about its fluctuation in the XXI century. How did the changes in oil demand affect the global economy?
  • The social and economic impact of mass emigration.

🌠 40 More Good Economic Essay Topics

Scrolled through our ideas, but can’t find a suitable topic for yourself? No worries! We have more issues to share with you.

So, don’t stress out. Take a look at our list of economical essay topics. Here are 40 more ideas focusing on globalization and the history of economics.

🏤 Economic Globalization Essay Topics

  • The impact of globalization on the tourist industry in the Caribbean . Analyze both: the positive and negative effects of globalization on the Caribbean. To make your paper well-structured, explore two advantages and two disadvantages. Don’t forget to improve your essay with strong evidence and appropriate examples!
  • Toyota Motor Corporation: impacts of globalization.
  • What are the effects of globalization on developing countries? To what extent do developing countries profit from globalization? Research the subject by comparing various examples.
  • Defining globalization and its effects on current trade.
  • Economic growth as a result of globalization: proper financial strategies. How can a country successfully achieve prosperity with globalization? Discuss proper economic strategies.
  • The socio-political significance of the IT industry’s globalization.
  • Human trafficking in developing nations as a result of globalization.

Modern-day trafficking of humans has become more rewarding for traffickers due to globalization.

  • Globalization and criminal justice policy.
  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of globalization?
  • Globalization challenges and countermeasures.
  • The effect of globalization on worldwide trade and employment rates.
  • Economic integration within the European Union: a critical analysis. Talk about the history of economic integration within the EU. What are the negative and positive outcomes of economic integration?
  • Globalization and food in Japan.
  • Does globalization bring negative effects to cultural heritage and identity?
  • The Industrial Revolution as the first step towards globalization. Focus on the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Discuss its precursors and consequences. Why is the revolution considered to be a starting point of globalization? Provide specific examples of globalization processes that occurred in the economic sector after the Industrial revolution.
  • Globalization 2.0 an analysis of a book by David Rieff.
  • Globalization effects on fundamentalism growth.
  • Does direct investment by foreign businesses come with strings attached? Dive into the shady area of globalization and discuss how to direct foreign investment can bring problems of geopolitical scale.
  • Effects of globalization on sexuality.
  • Alibaba’s globalization strategy: an economic analysis.

🧮 Economic History Essay Topics

  • The rapid economic growth of Europe during the Age of Discovery. Analyze the factors that brought economic growth to Europe during the Age of Discovery. What factors contributed to the dynamic economic progress of that time?
  • Brazil’s economic history.
  • History of capitalism: from the Renaissance to the United States of America. Discuss the origins of capitalism and its centuries-long path towards XXth century America. How the establishment of capitalism impacted the economy of the USA?
  • Max Weber: economic history, the theory of bureaucracy, and politics as a vocation.
  • 2008 Economic Crisis: origins and fallout. Talk about the 2008 Financial Crisis. Discuss its causes and outcomes. What should have been done differently to avoid the global crisis? Comment on the economic strategies countries used to recover from it.
  • The economic marvel of Communist China: from rags to riches.
  • What made world economic growth of the Renaissance possible?

Renaissance Europe had a very diverse economy.

  • The economic history of Canada: how did the settlers facilitate economic growth?
  • What did the major powers of the XIXth century base their economies on?
  • The Rothschilds: political and financial role in the Industrial Revolution. Research the dynasty of Rothschilds and how they came to power. What was their role in Europe’s Industrial Revolution?
  • The link between the “oil curse” and the economic history of Latin America.
  • Roman Empire’s monetary policy: a socio-economic analysis.
  • How did the demand for different goods change their value in the 2000s years? Analyze the demand for goods in the 2000s years and their change in value. Why do these fluctuations in demand for products and services occur?
  • The history of economic thought.
  • Soviet Union’s economic timeline: from the new Economic Policy to Reformation. Discuss the economic issues of the Soviet Union from the historical perspective. Why did the Soviet Union collapse? What improvements in the financial sector should have been done?
  • History of France economics over the past 20 years.
  • The history of economic analysis.
  • The concept of serfdom and slavery as the main economic engine of the past. Dive into the idea of feudalism and serfdom. Discuss its social and economic aspects.
  • The World Bank’s structure, history, activities.
  • The history of Islamic banking: concepts and ideas.

💫 How to Write an Economics Essay?

Generally, essay writing on economics has the same structure as any other essay. However, there are some distinctive features of economic papers. Thus, it is essential to figure them out from the very beginning of your work.

You might be wondering what those aspects of the economic paper are. Well, we have an answer.

An economic essay usually relies on the common essay structure.

Below, you will find a detailed plan that explains the fundamental concepts of the essay writing process. So, don’t hesitate to use our tips! They are indeed helpful.

Pick a topic and dissect it. Picking the right topic is the very basis of writing a successful essay. Think of something that you will be interested in and make sure you understand the issue clearly. Also, don’t forget to check our ultimate economics essay topics and samples list!

Research it. After selecting the right idea from our economical essay topics, research your subject thoroughly. Try to find every fascinating and intriguing detail about it. Remember that you can always ask your fellow students, friends, or a teacher for help.

Come up with a thesis statement. A thesis statement is an essential element of your essay. It will determine your focus and guide the readers throughout your paper. Make your thesis secure and try to catch the reader’s attention using context and word choice.

Outline your essay. Never underestimate the power of a well-structured outline! Creating an essay outline can significantly help you to determine your general plan. Evaluate which economic framework you will be using to address the issue. State the main points of your thesis and antithesis. Make sure that they answer the central question of your work.

Write your introduction. First and foremost, a practical introduction should capture the readers’ attention and state the essay’s key topic. So, put enough effort to develop an outstanding introduction. It will create the first impression of your paper.

Moreover, an introduction should include a thesis statement. As we have mentioned above, a thesis plays a crucial role. Thus, make sure it is clearly stated.

Another significant feature of the introduction is its coherence with the body of your essay. Consequently, the introductory paragraph’s last statement has to present the subject of the next section, generically. Also, keep in mind that no more than three key points can be discussed in a paper, even if it is an extended essay.

Thoroughly work on the body paragraphs. Usually, the body of the essay contains several paragraphs. The number of these paragraphs will depend on the nature of your question. Be sure to create one section for every critical point that you make. This will make your paper properly-structured, and the reader will quickly get your ideas. For your convenience, we created a plan to develop your ideas in each paragraph, So, use it and make your writing process easier!

  • Argument. Present your argument in the topic sentence of the paragraph in a way that directly answers the question. A hint: the most effective way to introduce the critical point is to place the topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph. This will help the readers to concentrate their attention on a specific idea.
  • Comment and discussion. Explain the meaning of your argument and provide an economic analysis. Present clear evidence and persuasive arguments to solidify your position.
  • Connection. Link your comments with the vital point of the paragraph. Demonstrate the coherence of your evidence with the point.
  • Diagrams, tables, charts. If necessary, provide the reader with visual aids. Sometimes, an appropriate diagram or a suitable chart can say more than words. Besides, your paper will look more professional if you use any kind of visual aids.

Conclude your essay. In your conclusion, summarize and synthesize your work by restating your thesis. Also, it is crucial to strengthen it by mentioning the practical value of your findings. Remember to make your essay readable by choosing appropriate wording and avoiding too complex grammar constructions.

Create a reference list at the bottom of your economic essay if you referred to sources.

Thank you for visiting our page! Did you enjoy our article and learned something new? We are glad to help you. Don’t forget to leave a comment and share the article with others!

🔗 References

  • High School Economics Topics: Econlib, The Library of Economics and Liberty
  • Guide to Writing an Economics Essay: The Economics Tutor
  • How to Write the Introduction of Your Development Economics Paper: David Evans, Center For Global Development
  • Senior Essay: Department of Economics, Yale University
  • Developing A Thesis: Maxine Rodburg and The Tutors of the Writing Center at Harvard University
  • Academic Essay Writing, Some Guidelines: Department of Economics, Carleton University
  • The Writing Process: Writing Centre Resource Guide, LibGuides at Dalhousie University
  • Research Papers: KU Writing Center, the University of Kansas
  • Unpacking the Topic: University of Southern Queensland
  • Economic Issues: PIIE, Peterson Institute for International Economics
  • Areas of Research: EPI, Economic Policy Institute
  • Top 100 Economics Blogs Of 2023: Prateek Agarwal, Intelligent Economist
  • Current Environmental Economic Topics, Environmental Economics: US EPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
  • Hot Topics in the U.S. Economy: The Balance
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Economics Essay Examples

Barbara P

Ace Your Essay With Our Economics Essay Examples

Published on: Jun 6, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 31, 2024

economics essay examples

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Are you struggling to understand economics essays and how to write your own?

It can be challenging to grasp the complexities of economic concepts without practical examples.

But don’t worry! 

We’ve got the solution you've been looking for. Explore quality examples that bridge the gap between theory and real-world applications. In addition, get insightful tips for writing economics essays.

So, if you're a student aiming for academic success, this blog is your go-to resource for mastering economics essays.

Let’s dive in and get started!

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What is an Economics Essay?

An economics essay is a written piece that explores economic theories, concepts, and their real-world applications. It involves analyzing economic issues, presenting arguments, and providing evidence to support ideas. 

The goal of an economics essay is to demonstrate an understanding of economic principles and the ability to critically evaluate economic topics.

Why Write an Economics Essay?

Writing an economics essay serves multiple purposes:

  • Demonstrate Understanding: Showcasing your comprehension of economic concepts and their practical applications.
  • Develop Critical Thinking: Cultivating analytical skills to evaluate economic issues from different perspectives.
  • Apply Theory to Real-World Contexts: Bridging the gap between economic theory and real-life scenarios.
  • Enhance Research and Analysis Skills: Improving abilities to gather and interpret economic data.
  • Prepare for Academic and Professional Pursuits: Building a foundation for success in future economics-related endeavors.

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If you’re wondering, ‘how do I write an economics essay?’, consulting an example essay might be a good option for you. Here are some economics essay examples:

Short Essay About Economics

A Level Economics Essay Examples

Here is an essay on economics a level structure:

Band 6 Economics Essay Examples

Here are some downloadable economics essays:

Economics essay pdf

Economics essay introduction

Economics Extended Essay Examples

In an economics extended essay, students have the opportunity to delve into a specific economic topic of interest. They are required to conduct an in-depth analysis of this topic and compile a lengthy essay. 

Here are some potential economics extended essay question examples:

  • How does foreign direct investment impact economic growth in developing countries?
  • What are the factors influencing consumer behavior and their effects on market demand for sustainable products?
  • To what extent does government intervention in the form of minimum wage policies affect employment levels and income inequality?
  • What are the economic consequences of implementing a carbon tax to combat climate change?
  • How does globalization influence income distribution and the wage gap in developed economies?

IB Economics Extended Essay Examples 

IB Economics Extended Essay Examples

Economics Extended Essay Topic Examples

Extended Essay Research Question Examples Economics

Tips for Writing an Economics Essay

Writing an economics essay requires specific expertise and skills. So, it's important to have some tips up your sleeve to make sure your essay is of high quality:

  • Start with a Clear Thesis Statement: It defines your essay's focus and argument. This statement should be concise, to the point, and present the crux of your essay.
  • Conduct Research and Gather Data: Collect facts and figures from reliable sources such as academic journals, government reports, and reputable news outlets. Use this data to support your arguments and analysis and compile a literature review.
  • Use Economic Theories and Models: These help you to support your arguments and provide a framework for your analysis. Make sure to clearly explain these theories and models so that the reader can follow your reasoning.
  • Analyze the Micro and Macro Aspects: Consider all angles of the topic. This means examining how the issue affects individuals, businesses, and the economy as a whole.
  • Use Real-World Examples: Practical examples and case studies help to illustrate your points. This can make your arguments more relatable and understandable.
  • Consider the Policy Implications: Take into account the impacts of your analysis. What are the potential solutions to the problem you're examining? How might different policies affect the outcomes you're discussing?
  • Use Graphs and Charts: These help to illustrate your data and analysis. These visual aids can help make your arguments more compelling and easier to understand.
  • Proofread and Edit: Make sure to proofread your essay carefully for grammar and spelling errors. In economics, precision and accuracy are essential, so errors can undermine the credibility of your analysis.

These tips can help make your essay writing journey a breeze. Tailor them to your topic to make sure you end with a well-researched and accurate economics essay.

To wrap it up , writing an economics essay requires a combination of solid research, analytical thinking, and effective communication. 

You can craft a compelling piece of work by taking our examples as a guide and following the tips.

However, if you are still questioning "how do I write an economics essay?", it's time to get professional help from the best essay writing service -  CollegeEssay.org.

Our economics essay writing service is always ready to help students like you. Our experienced economics essay writers are dedicated to delivering high-quality, custom-written essays that are 100% plagiarism free.

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Barbara P (Literature)

Barbara is a highly educated and qualified author with a Ph.D. in public health from an Ivy League university. She has spent a significant amount of time working in the medical field, conducting a thorough study on a variety of health issues. Her work has been published in several major publications.

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economics essay 1500 words

How to Write a 1500 Word Essay: Structure, Length, & Examples

How to Write a 1500 Word Essay: Structure, Length, & Examples

A 1500-word essay may seem very long, and you may fear messing up with its structure and word limit. In this article, we’ll give you a writing guide to help you navigate each step of 1500-word essays and avoid significant mistakes. Additionally, you might get more familiar with our free samples, gain inspiration for writing on your own, and understand the essay structure better.

Let’s discover how to write a 1500-word essay efficiently!

  • 📜 What Do 1500 Words Look Like?

🤓 How to Write a 1500-Word Essay

  • 📝 Writing Prompts

🎇 1500 Words Essay Tips

  • 🖨️ Academic Essay Examples
  • ❓ 1500 Word Essay FAQ

🔗 References

📜 what does 1500 words look like.

A 1500-word essay is extensive, so it’s essential to know how to outline, research the content, and organize it correctly. Here, we discuss the format, essay plan, and different essay genres.

The picture shows how many pages are 1500-word essays in different fonts.

1500 Word Essay Types

It is essential to understand what type of essay is for which purposes. As a rule, instructors assign a particular genre beforehand and give some basic requirements. However, we recommend knowing the fundamentals of different essay types:

  • Descriptive essay . This essay type provides details of a place, person, event, or phenomenon. It’s often written in a more creative style compared to other academic papers. Students may experiment with figurative language and imagery to make their descriptions vivid and believable.
  • Analytical essays go far beyond descriptive writing, as they require the identification of trends, relationships, differences, and similarities in data. Analytical writing takes a critical stance on the data and links theory to practice. Its primary purposes are identifying the relevance of specific theories to real-world cases and examining the available evidence on the point.
  • Persuasive essays have all the features of analytical ones, with the addition of an author’s opinion or recommendations on the subjects. Moreover, such pieces usually contain emotional arguments and touch upon subjective topics.
  • Definition essays typically examine complex topics and provide in-depth analysis and explanations to understand the concept better.
  • Argumentative essays try to convince the audience to adopt the writer’s opinion and views on a particular subject with the help of sound arguments and external evidence.
  • Cause and effect essays interpret the connections between specific events and explain their consequences. They establish causal relationships and illustrate how events are interconnected.

1500 Word Essay Structure

The structure is one of the most crucial aspects of any academic research paper, so give it your entire focus and time. Academic essays are often divided into three sections: introduction, body, and conclusion. You should follow the same format when drafting a 1500-word essay.  

1500 Word Essay – How to Format

Students usually use APA or MLA style when writing academic papers. There are several formatting similarities across these styles:

  • Running heads. MLA and APA employ running heads with page numbers at the top.
  • Page margins. Both formats use 8 ½ by 11-inch paper with 1-inch margins on all sides (except the running head).
  • Fonts . Both recommend using plain fonts like Times New Roman and Arial in sizes between 10 and 12.

The key differences between MLA and APA :

  • Title page requirements. APA has a separate title page with your institution, course number, instructor name, and the assignment’s due date. In MLA, this information is given on the first page’s header on the left, before the main text begins.
  • In-text citations. In both APA and MLA, in-text citations are parenthetical, but APA requires the author-date format of author data (e.g., Johnson, 2009), and MLA uses author-page citation format (e.g., Johnson 234).

The picture provides a simple 1500-word essay structure.

You can’t compose a 1500-word essay if you don’t understand the essay writing algorithm. We have outlined simple steps to guide you in creating excellent work.

Step 1: Choose a Topic

Before selecting a topic for your essay, you must carefully consider all instructions. You ought to understand the assignment’s purpose, writing genre , length of the paper, and other requirements. Your topic should be something that fits all demands and, at the same time, excites you. Consider what issues pique your interest, perplex you, or inspire you. The more you care about a subject, the more you will examine it deeply and have something to say about it.

Step 2: Research and Formulate Your Opinion

If you’ve been given a reference list to use in the paper, systematize your approach to each item. Before you begin, find as many resources as possible to ensure you have them readily available and can refer back to compare various perspectives. Make a plan for how you will cover them, and give each source a particular amount of time. It’s best to start with broad overviews and then delve into narrowly focused works. After studying different viewpoints, you will find it simpler to form an opinion and write your 1500-word essay.

Step 3: Develop a Thesis Statement

Regardless of how complex the essay is, its main idea must be transformable in a short thesis statement. Narrow down the topic’s concept into one sentence and do the following:

  • Highlight a contentious, debatable issue .
  • Focus on a specific concept.
  • Assert your opinion on the subject.
  • Use precise language .
  • Conclude with a claim based on presented evidence.

Here are thesis statement examples that may help you:

Thesis statement example : School uniforms should be banned because of their dehumanizing nature, which prevents students from expressing their individuality.

Thesis statement example : Volunteering military servants should be paid adequate salaries for participation in the regular army.

Step 4: Make an Outline

Although each essay varies, all academic papers follow a similar format. Every piece has an introduction, body paragraphs that support it, and a conclusion that restates the thesis and summarizes the body paragraphs.

  • Introduction . This is where you introduce the themes you’ll discuss in the text. You also need to establish the problem’s significance and present a thesis.
  • The Body. Unless your professor has specified an exact number of body paragraphs for your essay, it is up to you to decide how many to include. A good rule is to devote one section to each argument supporting your thesis.
  • Conclusion. This is the section of your essay where you summarize the points you made in the body paragraphs. If there are any concluding thoughts you want your reader to take away from the paper, include them here.

Step 5: Draft an Essay

Start writing your essay once you’ve outlined it. Refer consistently to each section of the outline to avoid getting off-topic. Ensure all evidence is relevantly positioned in corresponding places and well interpreted in line with your thesis. At this point, you can write different versions of each section, review them later, and compose the best one.

Step 6: Edit and Proofread

Allow yourself some time to unwind after writing a draft. Later, look over the paper with fresh eyes, update the structure if needed, and carefully go through it in search of grammatical or spelling errors. Don’t forget to double-check for smooth transitions between paragraphs. To ensure your content is authentic, check for plagiarism and AI content.

📝 1500 Word College Essay: Writing Prompts

All essays require different research and composition efforts, so the writing process is always assignment-specific. Here we share links to 1500-word research paper example projects on various topics that you can use for inspiration and research.

The picture gives examples of the most catchy 1500-word essay topics.

1500 Words Article on Global Warming

Essays on global warming may be dedicated to many problems faced by humanity. Some may be based on the history of climatic changes, while others follow the impact of human activities on global warming. You can find excellent 1500-word essay samples on our site regardless of how many pages or words you have been assigned.

💠 Climate Change: The Leading Cause of Global Warming

1500 Words Essay on Nursing

Nursing is an area of research and studies that requires mastering basic medical manipulations, health and safety principles in the workplace, and many other aspects of knowledge. Nursing students often get assigned 1500-word essays on following directions for particular medical procedures. You can get free nursing essay examples in our database.

💠 Betty Smith Williams Reinventing the Theory and Practice of Nursing

1500 Words Essay on Globalization

Globalization is the growing interconnectedness between states and nations, achieved mainly due to transportation and digital communications advances. Thus, when writing a globalization essay, you can approach the subject from the viewpoint of the pros and cons of this phenomenon, its impact on cultural identity, the implications of language contact, and the role of the Internet in globalization dynamics. Check this 1500-word example of an essay on globalization:

💠 Globalization and Its Effects on World Economies

1500 Words Essay on Supply Chain Management

Supply chain management is a sphere of Management that requires an in-depth understanding of logistics, production processes, and inventory management principles. Thus, when you compose an essay, 1500 words may be just right to discuss all the complexities of this managerial aspect. Start with this essay sample:

💠 The Practice of Supply Chain Management

1500 Words Essay on Discrimination

Discrimination can take different forms, as it happens worldwide, with groups of different ethnicities, genders, and other socio-demographic criteria. People may be discriminated against by age so you can write a 1500 words essay on child labor or ageism for this subject. At the heart of discrimination lies an assumption that one population group is better than others; thus, writing a 1500-word essay on respect is also a good idea. You could use this 1500 words on human rights as an online guide or download a pdf version:

💠 Religious Liberties in the Face of Employment Discrimination Reforms

1500 Words Essay on Marketing Plan

Marketing is a versatile academic area that touches upon digital and offline marketing, marketing communications, marketing strategy development, and others. Whether you are creating an essay on market research or social media marketing plan, you’ll find a ton of resources to explore in the StudyCorgi free essay database:

💠 Accor S.A.: Social Media Marketing Plan

If you have been assigned a 1500-word essay, here are a few things to consider:

🖨️ Academic Essay Example 1500 Words

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  • Virtual reality in education: assess the potential benefits and drawbacks of integrating VR technology into classrooms. 
  • How art therapy benefits individuals with mental health conditions? 
  • Implications of AI advancements on employment rates and the future of work. 
  • How are storytelling techniques used in advertising and branding to engage consumers? 
  • Mindfulness and stress reduction: the scientific evidence and benefits of mindfulness meditation. 
  • How has technology transformed the way people meet and form relationships? 
  • What are the moral implications and ethical considerations surrounding genetic engineering? 
  • What are the relationships between social media usage and mental well-being? 
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❓ 1500 Word Essay: FAQ

How many pages are 1500 words.

Since one single-spaced page contains around 550 words, and a double-spaced page is 275 words, your 1500-word essay will be 3 single-spaced pages or about 6 double-spaced pages. If you wonder How many sentences is 1500, the answer is 75-100. These calculations are based on the regular length of sentences ranging from 10 to 20 words.

How long does it take to write 1500 words?

Word count is only one factor to consider. Another question that many students have is, “How long will it take me to write q500 words?” This is heavily influenced by research time and comprehension abilities; it may take anywhere from 3 hours to 7-8 hours to compose an essay of this length.

How many pages are 1500 words double-spaced?

Many students’ concern is how many pages their 1500-page essay should take. Here are some basic estimations that will help you determine the page count for this work.

  • Three pages: Arial, 12 pt, single-spaced.
  • Four pages: Calibri, 10 pt, double-spaced.
  • Six pages: Times New Roman, 12 pt, double-spaced.

How long is 1500 words?

The 1500-word essay’s length can be measured not only in pages but also in paragraphs. Some find this approach even more convenient, as it helps identify the number of arguments and shape the structure for the 1500-essay. Given that a paragraph is typically 100 to 200 words long (3 to 6 sentences), such papers will take 7 to 15 paragraphs.

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How to Write a Good Economics Essay

Last Updated: March 7, 2023 References

This article was co-authored by Emily Listmann, MA . Emily Listmann is a private tutor in San Carlos, California. She has worked as a Social Studies Teacher, Curriculum Coordinator, and an SAT Prep Teacher. She received her MA in Education from the Stanford Graduate School of Education in 2014. This article has been viewed 127,871 times.

A good economics essay requires a clear argument that is well-supported by appropriately referenced evidence. Research your topic thoroughly and then carefully plan out your essay. A good structure is essential, as is sticking closely to the main essay question. Be sure to proofread your essay and try to write in formal and precise prose.

Preparing to Write Your Essay

Step 1 Read the question carefully.

  • For example a question such as “Discuss the macroeconomic consequences of rising house prices, alongside falling interest rates” could be divided into 2 parts: 1 part could be on the effects of rising prices, and 1 on the effects of falling interest rates.
  • In this example you could begin by discussing each separately and then bringing the 2 together and analysing how they influence each other.
  • Be sure to keep the question at the forefront of your mind and don’t veer off topic. [1] X Research source

Step 2 Research the topic thoroughly

  • Be sure that you understand all the key terms that you are being asked about.
  • Try to keep your reading focussed closely to the essay question.
  • Don’t forget to look at any lecture or class notes you have made.
  • 3 Come up with a thesis statement . A thesis statement is the main argument you will make in your essay. It should be 1-2 sentences long and respond to the essential question that’s being asked. The thesis will help you structure the body of your essay, and each point you make should relate back to the thesis.

Step 4 Plan out your content.

  • Once you have put together a list of key points, then try to add in some more detail that brings in elements from your research.
  • When you come to write out your essay, you can develop a paragraph based on each point.

Step 5 Think about your...

  • All of the evidence and explanation will be in the main body of the essay.
  • Order the key points in the body of your essay in such a way that they flow logically.
  • If you are writing a longer essay, you can break the main body into different sections. [2] X Research source
  • If you have a word limit, be sure to take this into account when you are planning.
  • Allocate yourself a rough number of words per section.
  • The introduction and conclusion can be just a paragraph each.

Writing the Essay

Step 1 Write the introduction...

  • What your essay is about.
  • What material you will cover in the essay.
  • What your argument is. [3] X Research source

Step 2 Outline your argument.

  • Having this stated clearly at the start can help you to stay focussed on the question as you work your way through the essay.
  • Try writing out this one or two sentence statement and sticking it up in front of you as you write, so it’s stays at the forefront of your mind.

Step 3 Write the body of the essay.

  • Try to begin each paragraph with a sentence that outlines what the paragraph will cover.
  • Look at the opening sentence of each paragraph and ask yourself if it is addressing the essay question. [5] X Research source

Step 4 Provide evidence for your argument.

  • Try to engage with arguments that run counter to yours, and use the evidence you have found to show the flaws.
  • It might help to imagine someone reading the essay, and anticipating the objections that he might raise.
  • Showing that you have thought about potential problems, and you can make an argument that overcomes them, is a hallmark of an excellent essay. [6] X Research source
  • If there is conflicting evidence, discuss it openly and try to show where the weight of the evidence lies. [7] X Research source
  • Don’t just ignore the evidence that runs counter to your argument.

Step 5 Write the conclusion...

  • In the conclusion you can add a few sentences that show how your essay could be developed and taken further.
  • Here you can assert why the question is important and make some tentative suggestions for further analysis.

Proofreading and Making Revisions

Step 1 Check for divergences away from the question.

  • As you read through it, think about how closely you stick to main overarching question.
  • If you notice paragraphs that drift off into other areas, you need to be tough and cut them out.
  • You have a limited number of words so it’s essential to make every one count by keeping tightly focussed on the main question.

Step 2 Assess the quality and depth of your argument.

  • Think about how you use the evidence too. Do you critically engage with it, or do you merely quote it to support your point?
  • A good analytical essay such discuss evidence critically at all times.
  • Even if the evidence supports your argument, you need to show that you have thought about the value of this particular piece of data.
  • Try to avoid making any assumptions, or writing as if something were beyond dispute. [10] X Research source

Step 3 Check spelling, grammar and style.

  • Remember an academic essay should be written in a formal style, so avoid colloquialisms.
  • Avoid contractions, such as “don’t”, or “won’t”.
  • Try to avoid paragraphs that are more than ten or fifteen lines long.
  • Think about how it looks on the page. [12] X Research source

Step 4 Check your referencing and bibliography.

  • Always include a bibliography, but don’t include references to things you haven’t read or didn’t inform your argument. [13] X Research source
  • Your teacher will know if you just add a load of titles into your bibliography that are not evidenced in the body of your essay.
  • Always follow the bibliography format used by your department or class.

Community Q&A

Community Answer

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Write an Expression of Interest

  • ↑ http://www.economicshelp.org/help/tips-economic-essays/
  • ↑ http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/planning-and-organizing/organizing
  • ↑ http://carleton.ca/economics/courses/writing-preliminaries/academic-essay-writing/
  • ↑ https://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/archive/lse_writing/page_11.htm
  • ↑ http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~mcmillan/writing.pdf
  • ↑ https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/economics/documents/pdf/essaywriting-departmentofeconomics.pdf

About This Article

Emily Listmann, MA

Before you begin writing your economics essay, make sure to carefully read the prompt so that you have a clear sense of the paper's purpose and scope. Once you have read the prompt, conduct research using your textbook and relevant articles. If you cannot find research materials, ask your instructor for recommendations. After your research is done, construct a 1-2 sentence thesis statement and begin outlining your main ideas so that your essay will have a clear structure. Make sure to leave time to write a draft and revise your work before it is due. If you want to learn more, like how to cite the sources you used for your essay, keep reading the article! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Writing for Economics

Up: Economics Network > Writing for Economics

Essay writing

The idea of setting essays is to offer you the chance to make a longer, more complex argument. Nonetheless, in the model we recommend, the fundamentals remain the same. In each paragraph, a flow of main idea (thesis) — explanation / reasoning (justification) — evidence / example (support) is an excellent structure to use. If you read through academic writing, you will find this structure over and over. The same is true for professional writing. There are of course other structures, however this one always works and makes you sound concise and clear.

An essay has conventional sections that it is wise to follow. These are an introduction, main body and a conclusion. The 'LSE' essay structure can be described as 'say what you're going to say (intro), say it in detail (main body), say what you've said (conclusion)'. Although this may appear repetitive, it offers the reader great clarity. Also, if you think about the executive summary, background, analysis and conclusions / recommendations sections of a business report, you can see that a similar structure holds.

In your essay, try to follow this structure for your essay sections.

        Statement about the context of the question — explain why the question in important (either in the 'real' world or for the discipline of economics)

        Give your answer to the question

        Summarise your argument in support of this answer — this summary should match the order of your paragraphs

        Decide on the most logical order of your paragraphs — this might be importance, chronology or causation, but the basic flow should be simple and clear

Start each paragraph with a sentence that clearly addresses the question itself — this will be your thesis for the paragraph and if a reader only read these opening sentences, they should make sense one after the other and provide a summary of your argument Follow the opening 'topic' sentence with your reasoning and evidence for why this opening statement is valid. Be specific, not general. The more detail you can bring in, the more expert you will sound and the more persuasive your argument will be

Conclusion Summarise your argument again — as you did in the intro (different words though!)

        Restate your answer to the essay question

        So what? — say what the significance of your answer is either in the 'real' world or to the discipline of economics

Bibliography

        List the books / articles you read while researching your answer

Below you'll find two essays written by students last year. Bearing the above in mind, decide which one makes the clearer argument and which, therefore, got the higher mark.

In the year 2000, there were auctions of spectrum rights for third generation mobile telephones in several European countries. These auctions generated very different amount of revenue in different countries. How can this be explained?

Auction theory as a very useful brunch of game theory is of the great interest of modern economists. Among other reasons of its popularity stands direct importance of its ideas to modern businesses and governments. Nowadays any business sector is more or less competitive, which requires all it's participants to be dynamic and creative. Modernization and expansion is a vital part of modern business world. Governments, as owners of resources that allow businesses to expand and modernize, are always ready to sell those resources as it will eventually help businesses and certainly bring revenues.

The best way for government to sell available resources is to declare an auction. That's where auction theory comes into play. Modern auction theory is a very powerful tool for designing auctions of very profitable kind. Proper auction design will rise maximum amount of money for the government and provide companies with resources they need. However actions that maximize profits for the government have a direct influence also on the life of the citizens, as Dixit puts it: "...because of significant contributions the budget, auctions affect important macroeconomic magnitudes, such as interest rates".

So, auctions held by government, and to be more specific properly designed actions directly influence the life of modern country. In this essay I would like to make a kind of short review of auctions of spectrum rights for third generation mobile phones held in Europe in year 2000. The peculiarity of these auctions lies in the fact that revenues that were generated by European governments are different as a result of differently designed actions they held. This fact allows as to trace features of the auctions that were successful and resulted in relatively high revenues for the government.

There were 6 European countries to held spectrum right auctions in 2000. They were: United Kingdom, Austria, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and Switzerland. Let's start with United Kingdom as it was the first country to hold such kind of auctions.

Strategy that United Kingdom had chosen was selling 5 licenses during classical ascending auction. Auction resulted in huge revenues: 650 euros per capita. Firstly it should be said that auctions as any normal business activity should be competitive in order to be effective. UK spectrum auction was relatively competitive attracting 13 participants. There are several reasons why this action attracted so many participants. Firstly, UK was the first country in the world to hold spectrum rights auction. Participants were not completely aware of the usefulness of 3G cell phones, but were eager to get competitive advantage in the new generation mobile communication technology. Secondly, UK sold 5 licenses to the market with 4 major phone operators. This fact attracted new entrants, since at least one of the licenses can be potentially won by new entrants to the market. Both this facts generated highly competitive auction environment and limited possible collusions. Result of the auction was a huge success for UK government.

The next country to run spectrum rights auction in 2000 was Netherlands. This auction raised 170 euros per capita. Reason of such flop, comparing to the British result was lack of competition. When auction were run there were 5 major phone operators for 5 licenses to be sold. Few entrants decided to participate in the auction, since everybody was sure that 5 licenses will be distributed among market leaders. Another factor that made things even worse was the fact that that was an ascending auction. In this case with few participants there is a risk of collusion among market leaders. Netherlands would have generated much more money if they would some how encourage competition and change the action design in such a way that it would be possible for participants other than market leaders to place bids independently of each other to reduce collusion (sealed bid).

Italy generated 240 euros per capita and attracted 6 participants. Italy intentionally reduced amount of participants by imposing a requirements that participant of the auction must satisfy. Such situation combined with the fact that Italian auction was ascending could result in possible collusions among competitors. As a result wrong auction design resulted in low revenues.

Swiss auction was a real flop. They generated only 20 euros per capita. Here amount of participants was also artificially limited by allowing participants to join into the groups. And the price that government accepts was also reduced for some reason. Number of participants was sufficient to run profitable auction, but combination of officially permitted collusions and low reserve price resulted in absolutely insufficient revenues.

German and Austrian auctions were similar. Number of participants in both countries' auctions was low, which means that there were risks of collusion. Both countries sold licenses in blocks, allowing "number of winners be determined by bidders". Additionally Austrian government set a very low reserve price. Germany and Austria generated 615 and 100 euros per capita in revenue respectively. Germany designed auction in such a way that bids of two main market players were rationalized in a way that it resulted in high revenues.

Generally, the main difference in revenues generated from spectrum rights auctions can be explained by the difference in chosen auction design. Different auction design results in different amounts of money in revenues. Countries that tried to facilitate competitive bidding and limited the possibilities of collusion enjoyed high revenues.

Klemperer say that what really matters in auction design is "robustness against collusion and attractiveness to entry". Exactly the combination or lack of one of this factors resulted in the difference in the revenues generated by European countries. Any country that wants to increase revenues from auction must try to facilitate the competition among bidders by trying to make participation in auction as attractive as possible and eliminating any barriers for participation. There should be no cooperation between participants, as it will result in lower bids and as a consequence in low revenues. Countries should not choose auction design that facilitates collusion, as ascending auction in our case.

Of course there are several other reasons for difference in revenues, among them there is a fact that UK as a country that run the first spectrum rights auction in the world, might have enjoyed high revenues simply because participants were new to the licenses and had no idea of their true value. Overall economic situations in the counties as well as political might also result in differences in revenues. But the main reason for difference in profitability of the spectrum licenses auctions is difference in auction designs which were effective in some countries and not in the others.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A.K. Dixit and S. Skeath, Games of Strategy , 2nd edition, Norton, 2004

Paul Klemperer, Auctions: Theory and Practice Electronic version of book on http://www.paulklemperer.org/index.htm

In the year 2000, European auctions of 3G mobile telecommunication licenses raised over 100 billion euros in government revenues. The countries that participated were United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and Austria. There was a big differential between revenues raised in each country with United Kingdom leading at 650 euros per capita and Switzerland coming in last at 20 euros per capita. The reasons for this big discrepancy in revenues is likely due to poor auction designs and the sequence in which the auctions took place.

When it comes to auction design, the two crucial components are attracting entry and preventing collusion. Ascending auctions encourage bidders to act collusively and deter weaker potential bidders as they know that the stronger bidder will always out bid him. On the other hand, (first-price) sealed-bid auctions act in the opposite direction from ascending auctions. It does not give bidders a chance to collude and encourages weaker bidders to participate. However, the disadvantage of using a sealed-bid auction is that it is more likely to lead to inefficient results than an ascending auction. The reason for this is that sometimes bidders with a lower value may beat opponents with a higher value. Hence, there is no perfect auction design and they must be customized to suit different environments and targets.

United Kingdom was the first to hold the auctions and they are a good example of how a well-planned auction design and good marketing strategies can lead to a favourable outcome. As there were five licenses and 4 incumbents, they had an ascending auction. To prevent collusion, each license could not be shared and each bidder was allowed no more than one license. Also, the fact that at least one license was available to new entrants lead to fierce competition from nine new entrants. To top it all off, UK had a solid marketing strategy which was planned over three years (1997 - 2000). All this helped contribute to UK raising 39 billion euros and being the most successful out of all the countries that took part in the 3G auctions.

Netherlands, Italy and Switzerland made the mistake of following UK and carrying out an ascending auction when a sealed-bid auction would have served them better. This resulted in revenues less than that achieved by UK.

In the case of Netherlands, they had five licenses and five incumbents. This deterred new entrants as well as facilitated collusion. For example, Deutsche Telekom colluded with local incumbents to bid for a 3G license. A sealed-bid would have worked better as this would have discouraged joint bidding, raise higher revenues as well as give new entrants a glimmer of hope.

Italy had their auction next but failed to learn from Netherlands and UK. Their auction design was not robust and failed to adapt to the environment in Italy. They adopted the UK design but had the additional rule that if bidders did not exceed licenses, the number of licenses would be reduced. They did not realize that having one more bidder than license does not assure that the outcome will be competitive. Also, Italy had failed to anticipate that firms would react differently to those in Netherlands and UK as they now had more information. Hence, weaker bidders were discouraged by previous auctions and did not bother to participate and since the participation rate was low, it made it easier for the strong bidders to collude. A bad auction design that was not tailored to the Italian environment and a low reserve price resulted in Italy only earning less than 25 billion euros.

Switzerland was the most unsuccessful amongst all the countries that held the auctions. It raised only 20 euros per capita in its ascending auction and this can be attributed to an unfeasible auction design, badly formulated rules and an absurdly low reserve price. Since the beginning, weaker bidders were deterred by the auction form. They felt that they did not stand a chance against the strong bidders and hence did not bother participating. This resulted in little competition. Furthermore, The Swiss government committed auction suicide when they permitted last-minute joint-bidding! This resulted in nine bidders colluding to become just four. The last mistake that the Swiss government made was to set a reserve price that was way too low. Since there were four licenses and four bidders, bidders ended up paying only the reserve price.

Germany and Austria chose a more complicated auction design.

Germany's auction design was an ascending auction of twelve blocks of spectrum from which bidders could create four three-block licenses or six two-block licenses. Germany's auction design was very susceptible to collusion and deterring new entrants but they were lucky and managed to earn high revenues.

Austria, on the other hand, adopted Germany's auction design but was not so lucky and only earned 100 euros per capita. The reason for this was that there were 6 bidders competing for 12 blocks of spectrum and a very low reserve price (one-eight of the reserve price in Germany). So instead of trying to get three blocks of spectrum, the bidders divided the 12 blocks of spectrum equally and paid the reserve price. This reason lead to Austria earning less per capita revenue than UK and Germany.

The other factor that affected the amount of revenue earned by each country was the sequence in which the auctions took place. Looking at the results of the 3G auctions held in 2000, it can be seen that the most successful auctions were the first of their type (United Kingdom and Germany). The reason for this is that between auctions, bidders learnt from previous auctions, came up with new strategies and learnt more about their rivals. However, the auction designs remained almost the same and were unable to keep up with the new ideas the bidders had come up with. This resulted in the later auctions not being as successful as the first.

In conclusion, the reason for the different revenues earned amongst the countries that took part in the 3G auctions is due to the auction designs and the sequence in which they took place. Revenues depend on how well the auction design is able to attract entry and prevent collusion. Also, it has to be able to adapt to new environments. For example, a good auction design takes into account the information bidders have and the knowledge they have gained from previous auctions. A sensible reserve price is of high importance as well and should not be overlooked like in the case of Switzerland and Germany. Lastly, auction design is not "one size fits all" and the failure of the government to design an auction that suited the country's environment lead to different revenues being earned.

References:

A.K. Dixit and S.Skeath, Games of Strategy, 2 nd edition, Norton, 2004

Professor Kenneth Binmore, "Economic Theory Sometimes Works"

Great Economics Essay Topics for Deeper Insight and Understanding

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Table of contents

  • 1 Economic History Topics
  • 2 Macro and Microeconomics Essay Topics
  • 3 Healthcare Economics Essay Topics
  • 4 Socio-Economic Analysis Essay Topics
  • 5 Consumerism-Related Topics for Research Papers
  • 6 Public Economic Development Essay Topics
  • 7 Topics for Finance Economic Paper
  • 8 Essay Topics about Taxes
  • 9 Economic Analysis on Human Development Paper Topic Ideas
  • 10 Labor and Economic Growth Essay Topics
  • 11 Essay Topics on the Economic Theory of Employment
  • 12 Conclusion

If you have difficulties coming up with a topic for your writing – paper writing service is here for you. In the process of studying, you will often encounter the need to write an economics essay in various fields. Among the variety of economics research directions and a wide range of problems to study, it is sometimes difficult to formulate the research topic when writing essays. In this article, we will consider the most relevant and interesting essay topics for study.

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Economic History Topics

The study of economic history implies a detailed consideration of the very phenomenon of science. With the help of historical and statistical methods, you have to study the links between modern economies and historical events, the economic marvel that affected the course of global economic development.

  • The Industrial Revolution: Analyzing the Economic and Social Transformations of the 19th Century.
  • The Great Depression: Understanding the Causes and Consequences of the Economic Crisis of the 1930s.
  • Examining the Costs and Benefits of Military Conflict on National Economies.
  • The Rise and Fall of Communism: Analyzing the Economic and Political Implications of Socialist Systems.
  • Understanding the Economic Impacts of Increasing International Trade and Investment.
  • Examining the Impacts of Imperialism on Economic Development.
  • Evolution of Currency and Monetary Systems.
  • The Origins of Capitalism: Understanding the Economic and Social Forces that Shaped Modern Markets.
  • Economic and Agricultural Impacts of Technological Innovations in Farming.

Macro and Microeconomics Essay Topics

Let’s look at the broadest scientific field for economics research. The subject of studies of Macroeconomics is the global economy. It examines the economic data of entire countries and unions, studying international economics. While Microeconomics explores the individual level in the context of an enterprise, small and medium businesses. It also discovers such components of the market as international trade, stock market, microeconomics of migration industrial organization microeconomics.

  • Fiscal and Monetary Policy: The Role of Government in Influencing the Economy through Tax Policies and Monetary Policy.
  • International Trade: The Impact of Globalization on the Economy, Including the Effects of Tariffs, Trade Agreements, and Currency Exchange Rates.
  • Business Cycles: The Natural Fluctuations of the Economy and the Causes and Consequences of Booms and Busts.
  • Inflation and Deflation: The Impact of Changes in the Price Level of Goods and Services on the Economy and Its Consumers.
  • The Factors That Contribute to the Long-Term Growth of an Economy and the Importance of Investment, Innovation, and Productivity.
  • The Distribution of Wealth and Income in an Economy and the Impact of Policies Aimed At Reducing Income Inequality.
  • The Role of Banks, Stock Markets, and Other Financial Institutions in the Economy and the Impact of Financial Crises.
  • The Impact of Government Debt on Economic Growth.
  • Exploring the Functions and Policies of Central Banks and Their Impact on the Economy.
  • Primary Economic Endeavors of the Geographic Area Colonies Lumber
  • Macroeconomic Effects of International Capital Flows.
  • Theories of Economic Growth: Analyzing Different Theories of Economic Growth, Including Endogenous Growth Theory and Neoclassical Growth Theory.
  • Exploring Methods and Techniques for Forecasting Key Economic Variables Such as GDP, Inflation, and Employment.
  • Examining the Different Types of Market Failures, Including Externalities, Public Goods, and Monopolies, and Exploring Different Policy Approaches for Addressing Market Failures.
  • Investigating How Firms Produce Goods and Services and Exploring How Production Costs Impact Market Outcomes.
  • Analyzing the Conditions Necessary for Perfect Competition and Exploring the Implications for Market Outcomes.
  • The Economics of Oligopoly: Examining the Behavior of Firms in Oligopoly Markets and Exploring the Impact on Market Outcomes.
  • The Future of Work: Microeconomic Impacts of Automation and Artificial Intelligence.
  • The Economics of Education: Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Higher Learning.
  • The Effects of Macroeconomics on the Housing Market.

Healthcare Economics Essay Topics

Healthcare economics is based on the study of factors affecting the cost of the industry as well as pricing policy depending on the current spending. This implies the economic research of complicated healthcare systems with the aim of financial analysis. You can choose to analyze patient satisfaction economics, international criminal justice, sports economics, and talent economics as important healthcare issues.

  • The Rising Cost of Healthcare: Analyzing the Impact of Inflation and Technology.
  • Examining the Economic Benefits and Challenges of Single-Payer Systems.
  • Understanding the Economics Behind the Cost of Prescription Drugs.
  • Health Insurance Markets: Analyzing the Role of Competition and Regulation.
  • Healthcare Workforce: Examining the Economics of Physician Shortages and Nurse Staffing.
  • The Economics of Medical Innovation: Balancing Costs and Benefits.
  • The Role of Prevention in Healthcare Economics: Cost Savings and Quality of Life.
  • Examining the Costs and Benefits of Investing in Behavioral Health Services.
  • The Economics of Happiness: Measuring the Relationship Between Income and Well-Being.

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Socio-Economic Analysis Essay Topics

Socio economic essay topics revolve around the analysis of key economic features, the causes and consequences of financial decisions, and their significance for society. The ultimate goal of economics research is to evaluate the social and economic impact and to detect malicious features that can undermine a nation’s economic stability.

  • Social and Economic Impacts of Unequal Distribution of Wealth.
  • Socio-Economic Implications of Independent Work and Flexible Labor Arrangements.
  • Analyzing the Impacts of Migration on Social and Economic Outcomes.
  • The Sociology of Poverty: Understanding the Causes and Consequences of Economic Deprivation.
  • Social Entrepreneurship: Examining the Role of Business in Addressing Societal Challenges and Inequalities.
  • Understanding the Social and Economic Implications of an Aging Population.
  • Examining the Socio-Economic Differences Between Rural and Urban Areas.
  • The Impact of Migrant Remittance on Economic Development .

Consumerism-Related Topics for Research Papers

This branch of economics research studies consumer behavior trends, namely the impact of personal economics on the common good. For example, some scientists believe that increased consumption has a positive effect on production trends. While other experts believe that such inequalities are unacceptable and adhere to the economic policy of sustainable development. A sustainable economy has recently become the center of scientific concern and a vast amount of economic essay topics.

  • The Psychology of Consumerism: Understanding the Emotional Drivers Behind Shopping Habits.
  • Sustainable Consumerism: Examining the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Ethical Consumption.
  • Analyzing the Influence of Marketing on Purchasing Decisions.
  • Examining the Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Overconsumption.
  • The Economics of Branding: Understanding the Value of Brand Names and Logos.
  • The Sharing Economy: Analyzing the Economic Impacts of Collaborative Consumption.
  • The Rise of E-commerce: Examining the Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Shopping.
  • The Consumer Society: Analyzing the Role of Materialism in Modern Culture.
  • The Future of Consumerism: Exploring Emerging Trends and Their Economic Implications.

Public Economic Development Essay Topics

If you’re choosing public development as your economics essay subject, you should include an economic evaluation of basic concepts that are related to social welfare. This area may include the city’s economy comparative analysis as a part of urban economics, law enforcement studies, and many other social domains.

  • Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: Analyzing the Role of Government Spending and Taxation.
  • Public Debt and Deficits: Examining the Economic Impacts of Government Borrowing.
  • Taxation and Social Welfare: Balancing Economic Efficiency and Equity.
  • The Economics of Government Procurement: Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of Public Contracting.
  • The Economics of Healthcare Financing: Understanding the Costs and Benefits of Different Payment Systems.
  • Municipal Finance: Analyzing the Economics of Local Government Budgeting and Expenditure.
  • Sovereign Debt Crises: Analyzing the Economic Implications of Debt Defaults and Restructurings.

Topics for Finance Economic Paper

Your economics essay in financial management is going to revolve around the system of planning and apportionment of funds in markets. You can choose anything from urban finance and aggregate economics to critical analysis of foreign direct investment in inter international economy.

  • The Future of Fintech: Exploring Emerging Trends and their Financial Implications.
  • Examining the Economic Impacts of Government Oversight and Policy.
  • Investment Banking: Analyzing the Economics of Securities Underwriting and Capital Raising.
  • The Economics of Real Estate Investment: Understanding Property Markets and Valuations.
  • Risk Management: Examining the Economics of Hedging Strategies and Portfolio Diversification.
  • Financial Markets and Globalization: Analyzing the Economic Implications of International Capital Flows.
  • The Economics of Venture Capital: Understanding the Role of Risk Capital in Entrepreneurship and Innovation.

Essay Topics about Taxes

Economic essay topics about taxes imply a comparative analysis of different taxation systems. Research on this topic will concern not only the tax system itself but also the study of bypass schemes, offshore zones, and other tricks. One example of intriguing economics topics is the study of the detrimental effects of taxes on ecology, as the problems of environmental protection remain unresolved.

  • Examining the Relationship between Government Revenue and Entrepreneurship.
  • The Costs and Benefits of Different Tax Systems.
  • The Ethics of Taxation: Analyzing the Social and Economic Implications of Taxation on Income Distribution.
  • Understanding the Economics of Offshore Tax Evasion and Avoidance.
  • The History of Taxation: Examining the Evolution of Taxation Systems from Ancient Times to the Present.
  • The Economic Impacts of Taxes on Carbon Emissions and Pollution.
  • Impacts of Sales Tax and Value-Added Tax on Consumer Behavior.

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Economic Analysis on Human Development Paper Topic Ideas

Human development centers on the role of the public in economic convergence. You are supposed to concentrate on critical analysis of the progress of humanity, the level of life in developed and developing countries, track of economic behavior that leads to rapid economic growth, as well as the correct usage of scarce resources for general well-being.

  • The Role of Gender Equality in Economic and Social Progress.
  • Analyzing the Measurement and Evolution of Global Human Development.
  • Understanding the Cognitive and Emotional Factors that Shape Human Growth.
  • Analyzing the Role of Government Policies in Promoting Human Well-being.
  • Supporting Women’s Economic Empowerment in Fragile States .
  • The Relationship between Health Outcomes and Economic and Social Progress.
  • Positive and Negative Impacts of Technological Advances on Human Progress.
  • Exploring Emerging Trends and Challenges in Promoting Sustainable Human Development.

Labor and Economic Growth Essay Topics

Labor economics essay topics involve analysis of the labor force as an integral part of production. Among the topic ideas, you can study such economic problems as the correlation between population growth and surplus labor force in developing nations.

  • Economic Impacts of Freelance Work and Contingent Labor.
  • Impacts of Immigration on Labor Markets and Economic Growth.
  • Understanding the Factors that Contribute to Pay Disparities between Men and Women.
  • The Role of Unions in the Labor Market.
  • Examining the Economic Impacts of Minimum Wage Laws on Employment and Wages.
  • Labor Mobility: Understanding the Impacts of Labor Migration on Regional and National Labor Markets.
  • The Economics of Discrimination: Impacts of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on Labor Market Outcomes.
  • Technological and Demographic Change on the Labor Market.

Essay Topics on the Economic Theory of Employment

Economics topics that consider the theory of employment study the decisions in the field of the labor force. In the coursework of research, you may study the services that individuals provide, the benefits of a cashless economy and its payment methods, and which role statistical data play in fulfilling the labor market needs.

  • Analyzing the Impacts of Technological and Demographic Changes on Employment.
  • Factors that Contribute to Employment Growth.
  • Economic Benefits in Attracting and Retaining Employees.
  • Examining the Economic Impacts of Employment Policies and Programs.
  • Understanding the Impacts of Workplace Environment and Culture on Employee Performance.
  • Impacts of Aging Populations and Retirement Trends on the Labor Market.
  • Capitalism and the Use of Disaster to Increase Economic Power .

Whatever topic you choose for your economics research, make sure it is within your field of interest. Scientific work always goes smoothly when you are motivated to bring newness to the underlying concepts. We wish you good luck with this difficult choice, as all economics essay topics are fascinating, and your task as a research paper writer is to bring your individual perspective to science.

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Tips for writing economics essays

Some tips for writing economics essays  Includes how to answer the question, including right diagrams and evaluation – primarily designed for A Level students.

1. Understand the question

Make sure you understand the essential point of the question. If appropriate, you could try and rephrase the question into a simpler version.

For example:

Q. Examine the macroeconomic implications of a significant fall in UK House prices, combined with a simultaneous loosening of Monetary Policy.

In plain English.

  • Discuss the effect of falling house prices on the economy
  • Discuss the effect of falling interest rates (loose monetary policy) on economy

In effect, there are two distinct parts to this question. It is a valid response, to deal with each separately, before considering both together.

It helps to keep reminding yourself of the question as you answer. Sometimes candidates start off well, but towards the end forget what the question was. Bear in mind, failure to answer the question can lead to a very low mark.

2. Write in simple sentences

For clarity of thought, it is usually best for students to write short sentences. The main thing is to avoid combining too many ideas into one sentence. If you write in short sentences, it may sound a little stilted; but it is worth remembering that there are no extra marks for a Shakespearian grasp of English. (at least in Economics Exams)

Look at this response to a question:

Q. What is the impact of higher interest rates?

Higher interest rates increase the cost of borrowing. As a result, those with mortgages will have lower disposable income. Also, consumers have less incentive to borrow and spend on credit cards. Therefore consumption will be lower. This fall in consumption will cause a fall in Aggregate Demand and therefore lead to lower economic growth. A fall in AD will also reduce inflation.

fall-in-ad-arrow-ad-as

I could have combined 1 or 2 sentences together, but here I wanted to show that short sentences can aid clarity of thought. Nothing is wasted in the above example.

Simple sentences help you to focus on one thing at once, which is another important tip.

3. Answer the question

Quite frequently, when marking economic essays, you see a candidate who has a reasonable knowledge of economics, but unfortunately does not answer the question. Therefore, as a result, they can get zero for a question. It may seem harsh, but if you don’t answer the question, the examiner can’t give any marks.

At the end of each paragraph you can ask yourself; how does this paragraph answer the question? If necessary, you can write a one-sentence summary, which directly answers the question. Don’t wait until the end of the essay to realise you have answered a different question.

Discuss the impact of Euro membership on UK fiscal and monetary policy?

Most students will have revised a question on: “The benefits and costs of the Euro. Therefore, as soon as they see the Euro in the title, they put down all their notes on the benefits and costs of the Euro. However, this question is quite specific; it only wishes to know the impact on fiscal and monetary policy.

The “joke” goes, put 10 economists in a room and you will get 11 different answers. Why? you may ask. The nature of economics is that quite often there is no “right” answer. It is important that we always consider other points of view, and discuss various different, potential outcomes. This is what we mean by evaluation.

Macro-evaluation

  • Depends on the state of the economy – full capacity or recession?
  • Time lags – it may take 18 months for interest rates to have an effect
  • Depends on other variables in the economy . Higher investment could be offset by fall in consumer spending.
  • The significance of factors . A fall in exports to the US is only a small proportion of UK AD. However, a recession in Europe is more significant because 50% of UK exports go to EU.
  • Consider the impact on all macroeconomic objectives . For example, higher interest rates may reduce inflation, but what about economic growth, unemployment, current account and balance of payments?
  • Consider both the supply and demand side . For example, expansionary fiscal policy can help to reduce demand-deficient unemployment, however, it will be ineffective in solving demand-side unemployment (e.g. structural unemployment)

Example question :

The effect of raising interest rates will reduce consumer spending.

  • However , if confidence is high, higher interest rates may not actually discourage consumer spending.

fall-in-ad-depending-spare-capacity-full

If the economy is close to full capacity a rise in interest rates may reduce inflation but not reduce growth. (AD falls from AD1 to AD2)

  • However , if there is already a slowdown in the economy, rising interest rates may cause a recession. (AD3 to AD3)

Micro-evaluation

1. The impact depends on elasticity of demand

tax-depends-elasticity

In both diagrams, we place the same tax on the good, causing supply to shift to the left.

  • When demand is price inelastic, the tax causes only a small fall in demand.
  • If demand is price elastic, the tax causes a bigger percentage fall in demand.

2. Time lag

In the short term, demand for petrol is likely to be price inelastic. However, over time, consumers may find alternatives, e.g. they buy electric cars. In the short-term, investment will not increase capacity, but over time, it may help to increase a firms profitability. Time lags.

3. Depends on market structure

If markets are competitive, then we can expect prices to remain low. However, if a firm has monopoly power, then we can expect higher prices.

4. Depends on business objectives

If a firm is seeking to maximise profits, we can expect prices to rise. However, if a firm is seeking to maximise market share, it may seek to cut prices – even if it means less profit.

5. Behavioural economics

In economics, we usually assume individuals are rational and seeking to maximise their utility. However, in the real world, people are subject to bias and may not meet expectations of classical economic theory. For example, the present-bias suggest consumers will give much higher weighting to present levels of happiness and ignore future costs. This may explain over-consumption of demerit goods and under-consumption of merit goods. See: behavioural economics

Exam-Tips

Exam tips for economics – Comprehensive e-book guide for just £5

8 thoughts on “Tips for writing economics essays”

I really want to know the difference between discussion questions and analysis questions and how to answer them in a correct way to get good credit in Economics

Analysis just involves one sided answers while Discussion questions involve using two points of view

This is a great lesson learnd by me

how can I actually manage my time

The evaluation points in this article are really useful! The thing I struggle with is analysis and application. I have all the knowledge and I have learnt the evaluation points like J-curve analysis and marshall learner condition, but my chains of reasoning are not good enough. I will try the shorter sentences recommended in this article.

What kind of method for costing analysis is most suitable for a craft brewery, in order to analyze the cost of production of different types of beer_

Really useful!Especially for the CIE exam papers

Does anyone know how to evaluate in those advantages/disadvantages essay questions where you would basically analyse the benefits of something and then evaluate? Struggling because wouldn’t the evaluation just be the disadvantages ?? Like how would you evaluate without just stating the disadvantage?

Leave a comment Cancel reply

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A 1500-word essay is a type of academic writing that typically consists of approximately 1500 words. It is a moderately long essay that allows for a more comprehensive exploration of a topic. In a 1500-word essay, you are expected to present and support a central thesis or argument, provide evidence and analysis, and demonstrate critical thinking and writing skills. The essay should have a clear structure, including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction introduces the topic and presents the thesis statement, while the body paragraphs develop key points or arguments with supporting evidence. The conclusion summarizes the main ideas and reinforces the thesis. The word count provides enough space to present a well-developed argument and engage with the topic in a meaningful way.

How Many Pages Is a 1500-Word Essay?

The number of pages in a 1500-word essay can vary depending on various factors such as font size, line spacing, and formatting requirements. However, a general estimation is that a 1500-word essay would be around 3 to 4 pages when using standard formatting guidelines. It's important to note that these estimations are approximate, and the actual page count may vary slightly based on individual writing style and formatting choices.

How Long Is Each Section in a 1500-Word Essay?

General guideline could be to allocate approximately 150-200 words to the introduction, 1000-1200 words to the body paragraphs, and 150-200 words to the conclusion. However, adapt these proportions based on the complexity and emphasis required for each section. Also, the length of each section may vary depending on the specific requirements and content for the essay.

How to Write a 1500-Word Essay?

Writing a 1500-word essay requires careful planning, organization, and effective time management. Create an outline of sections of your essay, including the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Within each section, outline the key points, arguments, or subtopics you plan to cover. This will provide a clear structure and help you stay focused while writing. Also, each body paragraph should focus on a specific point or argument that supports your thesis statement. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence, provide evidence, examples, or analysis to support your point, and ensure a logical flow between paragraphs. Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and grammar. Ensure that your ideas flow logically and that there are no inconsistencies or gaps in your arguments. Check for spelling and punctuation errors, and refine your language and style. Remember to start early, manage your time effectively, and give yourself enough time for research, writing, and revision.

Can You iInclude Citations or References in a 1500-Word Essay?

Yes, including citations or references is essential in a 1500-word essay, especially when drawing on external sources to support your arguments and provide evidence. Follow the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA) and allocate space for the citations within the overall word count.

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economics essay 1500 words

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Essay on Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

economics essay 1500 words

In this essay we will discuss about Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. After reading this essay you will learn about: 1. Meaning of Microeconomics 2. Scope of Microeconomics 3. Limitations of Microeconomics 4. Importance of Microeconomics 5. Problems of Interrelation and Integration of Micro and Macroeconomics 6. Meaning of Macroeconomics 7. Scope and Importance of Macroeconomics 8. Limitations of Macroeconomics.

  • Essay on the Limitations of Macroeconomics

Essay # 1. Meaning of Microeconomics:

Microeconomics is the study of the economic actions of individuals and small groups of individuals. This includes “the study of particular firms, particular households, individual prices, wages, income, individual industries, and particular commodities.”

It concerns itself with the analysis of price determination and the allocation of resources to specific uses. The determination of equilibrium output of the firm or industry, the wage of a particular type of labour, the price of a particular commodity like rice, tea, or car are some of the fields of microeconomic theory.

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In the words of Ackley:

“Microeconomics deals with the division of total output among industries, products and firms and the allocations of resources among competing groups. It considers problems of income distribution. Its interest is in relative prices of particular goods and services.”

Microeconomics is, in fact, a microscopic study of the economy, according to Maurice Dobb. It is like looking at the economy through a microscope to find out the working of markets for individual commodities and the behaviour of individual consumers and producers.

In other words, in microeconomics we study the interrelationships of individual households and individual firms, and individual firms and individual industries to each other. In this sense, microeconomics involves the study of aggregates.

Essay # 2. Scope of Microeconomics :

“Price and value theory, the theory of the household, the firm and the industry, most production and welfare theory are of the microeconomic variety,”

Thus, microeconomics studies:

(i) How resources are allocated to the production of particular goods and services,

(ii) How the goods and services are distributed among the people, and

(iii) How efficiently they are distributed.

While studying the conditions in which the price of a particular good is determined, microeconomics assumes the total quantity of resources as given and seeks to explain their allocation to the production of that commodity.

The allocation of resources to a particular good depends upon the prices of other goods and the prices of factors producing them. It is, therefore, the relative prices of goods and services that determine the allocation of resources.

In other words, other things being equal, it is the allocation of resources that determines what to produce, how to produce, and how much to produce. This decision, in turn, depends upon the relative prices of goods and services. Thus, microeconomics is the study of price theory: how the price of a particular commodity like rice, tea, milk, fans, scooters, etc. is determined; how the wages of a particular type of labour, interest on a particular type of capital asset, rent on a particular land and profits of a particular entrepreneur are determined; and how efficiently the various resources are allocated to individual consumers and producers.

We briefly study these problems below.

In microeconomics the analysis of price determination and allocation of resources is studied in three different stages:

(i) The equilibrium of individual consumers and producers,

(ii) The equilibrium of a single market, and

(iii) The simultaneous equilibrium of all markets. Individual consumers and producers are unable to influence the prices of goods they buy and sell. A consumer is faced with given prices and he buys that much of the commodity which maximises his utility.

For an individual producer, input and output prices are given and he produces that much of the product which maximises his profits. In the market, the price and quantity bought and sold are determined by the actions of buyers and sellers. The aggregate demand and supply curves are derived from individual demand and supply curves.

The equality of aggregate demand and supply curves determines the price and the quantity bought and sold in the market. It applies both to product and factor markets. By relaxing some of the assumptions of the perfectly competitive market, this analysis is extended to monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic, competition markets.

Finally, in microeconomics, the interrelations between the different markets are taken so as to determine all prices simultaneously.

Though, it is generally said that microeconomics is related to partial equilibrium analysis which is the study of the equilibrium position of an individual, a firm, an industry or group of industries, yet it is also a study of their interrelationships and interdependences within the economy which falls under the general equilibrium analysis.

First, there is the consumers market in which the quantity of each commodity demanded depends not only on its own price but also on the price of every other commodity available in the market. In this market, consumers meet producers to buy commodities which the former demand and the latter sell.

The demand of consumers for the various commodities depends upon their prices and the prices of the services which they offer. In other words, a consumer earns by selling the productive services he owns and creates demands for commodities.

The price at which a commodity sells depends upon its costs of production. The costs of production, in turn, depend on the quantities of the various productive services employed and the prices paid for them. Thus the supply of commodities in the market depends on the costs of the firms, and the prices and quantities of the various productive services used by them.

Secondly, there is the producers market or factor market. In this market, the demand for productive services (factors of production) comes from the producers, and supply from the consumers. The quantity of a service (factor) used in producing a commodity depends on the relationship between the prices of that service and other services, and on the prices of commodities.

Here producers meet labourers, capitalists, landlords and other resource-owners. In this market, money incomes are earned by resource-owners who own and sell their resources, the majority of whom are consumers. Thus microeconomics is a study of interacting units of consumers, producers, and resource-owners.

In this system, all prices are relative to one another. A change in any one price establishes a ripple which touches both product and factor markets. The interrelation between product and factor markets through prices is shown in Figure 1.

In this system, consumers and firms are linked through the product market where goods and services are bought and sold. They are also linked through the factor market where the factors of production are bought and sold. In the inner circle that consumers who are resource-owners sell productive resources in the factor market which are used by firms.

economics essay 1500 words

2. To Regard Aggregates as Homogeneous:

The main defect in macro analysis is that it regards the aggregates as homogeneous without caring about their internal composition and structure. The average wage in a country is the sum total of wages in all occupations, i.e., wages of clerks, typists, teachers, nurses, etc. But the volume of aggregate employment depends on the relative structure of wages rather than on the average wage. If, for instance, wages of nurses’ increase but of typists fall, the average may remain unchanged. But if the employment of nurses falls a little and of typists raises much, aggregate employment would increase.

3. Aggregate Variables may not be Important Necessarily:

The aggregate variables which form the economic system may not be of much significance. For instance, the national income of a country is the total of all individual incomes. A rise in national income does not mean that individual incomes have risen.

The increase in national income might be the result of the increase in the incomes of a few rich people in the country. Thus a rise in national income of this type has little significance from the point of view of the community. Boulding calls these three difficulties as “macroeconomic paradoxes” which are true when applied to a single individual but which are untrue when applied to the economic system as a whole.

4. Indiscriminate Use of Macroeconomics Misleading:

An indiscriminate and uncritical use of macroeconomics in analysing the problems of the real world can often be misleading. For instance, if the policy measures needed to achieve and maintain full employment in the economy are applied to structural unemployment in individual firms and industries, they become irrelevant. Similarly, measures aimed at controlling general prices cannot be applied with much advantage for controlling prices of individual products.

5. Statistical and Conceptual Difficulties:

The measurement of macroeconomic concepts involves a number of statistical and conceptual difficulties. These problems relate to the aggregation of microeconomic variables. If individual units are almost similar, aggregation does not present much difficulty. But if microeconomic variables relate to similar individual units, their aggregation into one macroeconomic variable may be wrong and dangerous.

Related Articles:

  • Difference between Macroeconomics and Microeconomics
  • Distinction between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
  • Difference between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

How to write economics essays

All Economics exam papers at A-Level will have a 25-mark essay-style question, which requires evaluation .

There are different approaches that can be taken in dealing with essay questions, and there is not one essay writing 'template' or 'wizard' that can deal will all questions. However, a commonly used method is to use the first half of your essay to complete the analysis and the second half to evaluate - this is an easy approach to master, and can be used to answer most microeconomic and macroeconomic essays. More on this later.

What the mark scheme tells us

The mark-scheme for a 25-mark question is typically based on the ' levels ' method, with marks allocated in the following way:

4 marks for correctly demonstrating knowledge and understanding of economic concepts and models

4 marks for applying your knowledge and understanding to the 'context' put before you - this case a chocolate manufacturer

8 marks for providing an analysis of the decision (in this case, to raise price) - i.e. what are the expected effects, consequences and results

9 marks for evaluating a decision (question, issue, policy, or problem) based on your judgment , with reference to the problems or risks associated with the decision (policy, problem etc.)

Points to note

  • Exam boards often state that, in a 25-mark question, definitions are not specifically required , but it is good practice to define key economic terms that are specific to economics, and to the question.
  • Application does not happen in one section of your answer, but should run throughout your answer . In other words, answers that are purely theoretical and detached from the context will not earn high marks.
  • For analysis and evaluation, developing a chain of reasoning is essential - ( read more on chains of reasoning ) you have to show exactly how you arrived at a point, judgment or conclusion. A carefully chosen, well draw, accurately explained and fully integrated diagram is essential for effective analysis. This is only possible if you start out by making your assumptions clear.
  • For evaluation, it is essential that you provide an alternative approach , (alternative decision, policy etc.) and that your conclusion is not just a summary but a 'weighted' judgment .
  • While you only have 30 minutes to write, it is essential you plan your route through your answer - 4-5 minutes planning is worth its weight in gold!

So, lets have a look at a couple of ways to deal with a 25-mark question. Both have similar openings and conclusions, but start out with different assumptions.

' Evaluate the decision by a chocolate manufacturer to raise the price of its 'luxury' box of chocolates .'

There are several factors a chocolate manufacturer will take into account when making a decision about its price. Factors affecting this decision depend on the market structure it operates in, the level of competition it faces, its size and ownership structure. These will affect its main business objective, which in turn will affect its decision regarding price and non-price factors.

We will assume that the chocolate manufacturer's objective is to maximise profits and that it is a price maker and facing a downward sloping demand curve. This means that it is not operating in a highly competitive market, and can raise price without suffering a complete collapse in sales. Profit maximisation arises at the output where MC=MR, which in the diagram is quantity Q. At profit maximisation, the area of supernormal profits (SNP) is area p a b c.

At this quantity, marginal revenue equals marginal cost, which means that any change in price or quantity produced will move it away from profit maximisation. For example, if the chocolate manufacturer increases price to P1, demand will contract along the demand (AR) curve, from 'a' to 'v', resulting in equilibrium quantity falling to Q1. At Q1, MR is greater than MC, which means there is an opportunity cost because the firm could reduce price and produce more, which would lead to an increase its supernormal profits.  So, reducung price and producing extra marginal units of output will add to SNP until MC=MR is reached. Hence, in terms of achieving its profit maximising objective, an increase in price above 'P' is clearly counter-productive. This is supported by the probability that demand for 'luxury' chocolates is price elastic, and the producer is operating in the elastic range of the AR curve. As a result, any increase in price will reduce total revenue, and also reduce SNP, which falls to area P1 v w x.

However, there are issues with this analysis. Are the assumptions about the chocolate producer and its market valid? Is the chocolate producer targeting profits, or attempting to achieve a different objective? Will  there be negative, and even unexpected consequences of the price rise?

The assumptions regarding the market structure certainly might not hold - in a less competitive market, with fewer firms, the price rise may have a much smaller effect because consumers have less choice. Demand may be more inelastic than predicted, especially if there is loyalty to the brand of chocolate - even though it is a luxury product.

Also, the chocolate producer may have previously been a revenue or sales maximiser and may have decided to change its strategy from revenue or sales maximising to profit maximising. As a revenue or sales maximiser price will be set at a lower level, to stimulate sales or gain more revenue. Management salaries or bonuses may be connected with sales, hence a low price will help the firm achieve this objective. The price increase will move it towards profit maximisation rather than away from it, and help it achieve its new objective. Alternatively, the producer may be a 'profit satisficer' looking to increase its profits but not maximising them. In any of these cases, the price rise might be a rational decision.

It is not known whether rivals will keep their prices on hold, reduce them or raise them to match the firm's price increase. If the firm has a few close competitors, then these firms may be interdependent, meaning it may be more beneficial to keep prices on hold to reduce uncertainty.

Furthermore, the price rise could encourage unwanted new entrants, attracted by the opportunity presented. Raising price could also send a signal to existing producers to launch their own 'luxury' version of the product.

Of course, there may be alternative decisions to consider to help it achieve its objectives, such as changing its non-price activities. So, the price rise could be justified if an effective marketing campaign could help increase demand (AR) and, diagrammatically, shift the AR (and MR) curve to the right, as shown.

In this case, profits are maintained, or even increased, as shown, with lower supernormal profits at area P1 k r m.

Taking a wider view, price rises reduce consumer surplus, and if personal incomes remain constant, consumer will have less income to spend on other goods and services, and the price rise will cause a negative income effect. Of course, a rise in the price of chocolate would not have the same effect as a rise in interest rates or house prices, so the income effect is very small.

In conclusion, the decision to raise prices cannot be judged without understanding the nature of the market, the level of competition and the firm's current objectives, and compared with alternatives. There is also the wider economic context to consider, such as whether the economy is in a recession, with pressure on disposable income, or whether the economy is growing, with consumers feeling confident. There are clearly risks associated with an increase in price, and it might be less risky not to raise price, and put more effort into non-price strategies. However, if the assumptions that the firm is already a profit maximiser, that there are no other changes to its non-price activity, and that the behaviour of other chocolate producers does not change, then a price rise seems unjustifiable as it would fail to achieve its dominant objective - to maximise profits - and raising price would, in this case, be an irrational decision.

Answer two - the alternative answer

We will assume that the chocolate manufacturer's objective is to maximise profits and that it is a price maker and facing a downward sloping demand curve.  We will also assume that it currently is not profit maximising, but producing at an output greater than profit maximisation, at output Q, and a lower price, at P in the following diagram. Profit maximisation arises at the output where MC=MR, which in the diagram is quantity Q1, and price P1.

At the quantity Q, while marginal revenue is negative at 'f' and below marginal cost at 's',  the chocolate manufacturer still makes a supernormal profit, shown as the area SNP (area Pvwx). Also, at the current price of P, price elasticity of demand is inelastic because, in the diagram quantity demanded, Q at price P is to the right of the mid-point of the demand (AR) curve. Given that, at the mid-point, PED equals (-) 1.0, which is where MR=0, at its current output, PED must be inelastic.

Given these assumptions, a decision to increase price above P will help the manufacturer achieve profit maximisation. Because the firm operates in the inelastic portion of its demand (AR) curve, the planned price rise reduces the quantity demanded, to Q1, but increases total revenue - at least up to the output where MR=0. The reduction in output that follows means that the variable costs of production fall, which means that marginal costs fall (from 's' to 't'), while at the same time marginal revenue increases from 'f' to 't'. Assuming profit maximisation is still the dominant objective, the price rise is clearly beneficial, as it leads to increased profits (area P1a b c) resulting from the lower marginal cost and the higher marginal revenue.

However, there issues with this analysis. Firstly, are the assumptions about the chocolate producer valid, secondly, is the chocolate producer wishing to increase profits, and thirdly, will there be any negative, and even unexpected consequences of the price rise?

The assumptions regarding the market structure certainly might not hold - the market could be much more competitive, and approach perfect competition. This would result in a very different outcome for the producer, especially in terms of a price elasticity of demand, which rises with increased competition. In a more competitive market, there are more choices for the consumer, and any price rise by one firm may result in falling revenue. Demand may be more elastic than predicted, especially because the price rise is for the 'luxury' version of the box of chocolates, where demand is likely to be more elastic.

Also, the chocolate producer may not be a profit maximiser, but may instead be a revenue or sales maximiser, in which case the price rise could move it away from maximising sales or revenue points. If the firm is a large producer where there is a separation of ownership and control, it is more likely that other 'managerial' objectives dominate decision making. If, for example, the firm is looking to maximise sales volume, perhaps because management salaries or bonuses are connected with sales, then a price rise would not be beneficial.

It is not known whether rivals will keep their prices on hold, reduce them or raise them to match the firm's price increase. If the firm has a few close competitors, then the fact that these firms may be interdependent means that it may be more beneficial to keep prices on hold and reduce uncertainty.

Of course, there may be alternative decisions to consider to help it achieve its objectives, such as changing its non-price policy. So, if there is also a successful marketing campaign designed to increase sales, or build a brand, price increases could be postponed until the brand is well established.

In conclusion, the decision to raise prices cannot be judged without understanding the nature of the market and competition and the firm's current objectives, and compared with alternatives. There is also the wider economic context to consider, such as whether the economy is in a recession, with pressure on disposable income, or whether the economy is growing, with consumers feeling confident. There are clearly risks associated with an increase in price, and it might be less risky not to raise price, and put more effort into non-price strategies. However, if all the assumptions listed above are fully met, then a price rise seems justifiable in that the firm can achieve its dominant objective - to maximise profits.

These are two answers which use a similar structure, and common introduction and conclusion - but start with different assumptions, and therefore have a different analysis, and evaluation.

There are other several possible approaches to this question, and other evaluative points that could have been included. For example, there could have been more emphasis on what rivals might do, and there could be more robust questioning about exactly how much the price is being increased by, and whether this is just a temporary strategy. The essay could also have raised the question of the possible external effects arising from less output and consumption (namely fewer negative consumption and production externalities). However, with the time constraint in the examination room, it is not possible to cover every 'blade of grass' and some good points may have to be sacrificed.

Finally, the 'starting point' and assumptions could have been different, which would have led to a different analysis.

Conclusion and key takeaways

Having a structure to help you tackle an essay-style question is very important.

Both essays use the same four-part structure :

  • Part 1, the analysis - making assumptions, and using the correct diagram to show how a decision or policy will work to achieve an objective.
  • Part 2, the evaluation begins with ' the bridge ' of the essay - assumptions are questioned and probably changed.
  • Part 3 the full evaluation , where an alternative or alternatives are explained based on the change of assumptions.
  • Part 4, the conclusion , where the evidence or strength of argument is assessed, and the decision, policy or assertion is 'accepted in full', 'accepted in part' or 'rejected' in favour of the alternative(s).

Finally, it is clear how important diagrams are in analysis and evaluation, and helping develop a logical chain of reasoning - so ensure that you have undertaken enough practice in constructing, applying and integrating diagrams to a wide range of past questions.

Other tips:

How to study economics

How to write the perfect conclusion

How to answer data response questions

How to include chains of reasoning

Up: Home : Study Guidance > Effective Writing and Referencing > Writing the Economics Essay

  • Writing the Economics Essay

An academic rhetoric (or organisation) is important to convince a reader that you understand the topic well – poor organisation can signal muddled thinking.

Thesis – Justification – Support

This is the rhetoric used by Bray et al.

Thesis – the main concept or idea that you are proposing

Justification – the reasons why your thesis is valid

Support – evidence that backs up your justification

Essay structure – your introduction, main body, and conclusion

Box: An example

The Thesis – Justification – Support rhetoric can be applied to an individual paragraph of an essay, or on an entire essay. For example, take the essay question:

‘The accumulation of capital is sufficient for ensuring sustainable growth in per capita living standards’. Discuss.

One possible answer would be:

Thesis: if we define capital as physical capital, the accumulation of capital will lead to diminishing returns

Justification: Demonstration of the Solow model : capital accumulation can result in higher levels of income but after a certain level not higher levels of consumption per capita (due to diminishing marginal returns).

Support: examples, such as India’s heavy investment drive in the 1950s, 1960s which was associated with low levels of ‘Hindu growth’; or econometric evidence, such as that from Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992), which supports some of the conclusions of the Solow model (but also suggests improvements, see below).

The next section of the essay would play with the assumptions of the Solow model – for example by expanding our definition of capital to include human capital (and, if you’re really trying to impress, social capital and ‘natural’ capital as well).

You might also want to discuss if technological progress (the source of per capita income growth in the Solow model) is related to capital accumulation, for example through ‘ learning by doing ‘ (Arrow, 1962)

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Next: What makes good justification?

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Demand and Supply, Economics essay, 1500 words

  • Demand and supply are underpinned by the basic economic problem and how we choose to solve that problem. Discuss

Economics is one of the most important and influential disciplines practised by individuals, companies and countries all over the world due to its volume of knowledge and extensive theories that enable considerable insight into how markets are formed, sustained and managed (Baumol & Blinder 2008). Demand and supply are a common phenomenon in human existence: people have always, and will always, create demand for goods and services, and businesses will always exist to satisfy that demand, as they are exposed to varying factors that affect the availability and allocation of scarce resources.

The basic economic problem is that available resources are presently inadequate relative to what they can be used for. Consequently, choices pertaining to how to use these limited resources have to be made with care. This is why the basic problem of economics is often referred to as one of scarcity and choice (Baumol & Blinder 2008).

Resources can be defined as anything that can be used to support our well-being and existence on the planet. Resources may mean physical materials such as oil, minerals and fisheries or human resources, namely people and the skills they can bring on board. Due to the fact that human beings have unlimited wants which can expand on a daily basis, these wants and desires cannot be fulfilled by the number of resources available. There are only so many resources on the Earth and, consequently, people have to make tough choices, compromise and manage whatever resources are available to them.

The Concept of Scarcity

Scarce resources refer to capital, land, labour and enterprise. Land incorporates all natural resources; Labour includes any energy, mental and physical resources directed at getting a job done; Capital incorporates machinery, gadgets and equipment used for the production of goods and services; Enterprise on the other hand, is the skill needed to combine the resources mentioned above in a way that is cost-effective and efficient.

Scarcity can thus be further referred to as the result of lacking in necessary resources, the insatiability of people’s wants and a combination of the two. Because of the limited resources available, organizations, business and even countries have to apply economic principles to conserve existing resources and make use of whatever they have to survive.

Economists make a distinction between wants and needs. Needs are what people need in order to survive such as food, water, shelter, while wants are what we can do – i.e. survive – without. Opinions may collide regarding whether something (e.g. a computer or TV) is a want or a need, and perception may vary between countries and cultures. The want is actually the demand in this context. Whenever one choice is made over another in the midst of scarce resources, we arrive at what is known as opportunity cost (Mankiw, 2008). Opportunity cost can be described as the item that is given up in place of another. It is referred to as the next best alternative.

How to Solve the Basic Economic Problem

A free market economy can be described as one of the ways of solving the basic economic problem. It is a type of market that is free of government regulation and economic intervention except law enforcement in places where applicable (Babb & Carruthers 1999). In free markets, there are no regulations, subsidizations and governmental monopolies where government regulates the market. This is in contrast to a controlled economy (Babb & Carruthers 1999). The free market addresses the problem of scarce resource because it ensures that producers can supply whatever amounts they want thereby, attempting to satisfy the needs of the people. It also attempts to bring about an equal distribution of resources across the country in which it is practised. However, there is arguably no such thing as a free market: even in the USA, there are very many regulations and government subsidies; for example, every passenger on American railways is apparently subsidised by the State to the tune of over $20 – a genuine free market would actually mean no trains in America, as well as no public (i.e. state funded) schools, no subsidised Medicare public healthcare etc.

A mixed economy is one in which there exists a component of public control and government interference and involvement. One facet involves a degree of private economic freedom that is practiced without government plans and regulations. This type of market is better in developing countries because less privileged people will not be subject to market forces but protected by the government who negotiates the market price.

A planned economy, also known as a directed economy is a system where state workers are in charge of managing the economy. In this type of system, the central government makes all the necessary decisions on the production and sales of goods and services (Babb & Carruthers 1999). Examples such as The Soviet Union or North Korea would suggest that this method does not work, and China’s present boom resulted in abandoning this failed system.

  • The law of demand and utility theory make important assumptions about how consumers behave. Discuss

Consumer demand can be defined as the quantity of a product that consumers are willing to buy at various prices, assuming all other factors of demand are kept constant. A change in price leads to a change in quantity demanded. The factors that must be kept constant in most scenarios include population size, income distribution, prices, substitute goods and other significant factors (Hazlitt 1988). All these factors have a considerable effect on the level of demand.

The law of demand states that a decrease in price leads to an increase in the quantity of a product that is demanded. Conversely, an increase in the price of a product causes the demand for that product to reduce. In conclusion, we can say that price and quantity demanded move in opposite directions along the demand curve. For example, customers would demand for more cars if the price were to fall. This is the same for almost every type of commodity.

The Utility Theory asserts that a customer will not spend more money on an extra item unless its utility is more than or equal to that of another item (Hazlitt 1988). The theory attempts to explain the behaviour of consumers as being determined by the perceived utility derived from a particular product. Utility in this context refers to the relative satisfaction derived from the consumption of various goods and services. This theory can be used to explain customer behaviour in various contexts.

  • Explain why the price elasticity of demand for foreign holidays is likely to be elastic.  What would be the consequences of an appreciation of the UK exchange rate (price increase) on UK firms that supply these foreign holidays?

Price Elasticity of demand can be defined as the change associated with quantity demand relative to a price change. In mathematical terms, it is the percentage change in quantity demanded relative to the percentage change in price of that commodity (Mankiw, 2008).

To explain further, the demand for an item can be said to be inelastic if customers would pay any amount of money for the product, for example, important commodities like drinking water. Demand is however elastic when customers will pay only a certain amount or stick to a defined price range for a product.

The price elasticity of demand for luxury goods such as foreign holidays is likely to be elastic because customers are prepared to pay only a certain, limited amount of money for a holiday and the level of this depends largely on their income. If the price tag associated with these holidays increases, customers can always explore substitute holiday locations. They may decide to arrange local holiday trips which are cheaper – as people did in the past before foreign holidays were common – and also look for substitute deals to other locations. Also, if the amount charged for the foreign holiday trip is a large percentage of the average income, people may well reduce their demand. This is mainly because ‘Foreign Holidays’ fall under the category of wants and luxurious goods, but not needs.

An appreciation of the UK exchange rate would cause an increase in the price of foreign holidays which may lead to a decline in the request for foreign holiday trips by people. Also, if Sterling appreciates, the foreign holiday providers would be able to increase the value obtained from each trip thereby shifting the supply curve to the right and reducing the equilibrium price.

  • Using the concept of cross price elasticity of demand, why would firms be concerned about changes in the supply and demand conditions in the coffee market.

In normal market situations, a change in the price of one item causes a change in the demand for another item. For a firm that manufactures products like coffee, it would be concerned about other firms that produce substitute products in the markets such as Cappuccino, Teeccino, Rooibos tea and so on. An increase in the price of coffee would cause a higher demand for substitute products which can offer customers the same level of satisfaction. The coffee market is full of multifarious alternatives to coffee. Consequently, a decrease in supply of coffee or an increase in its price would cause customers to switch to these similar products.

Using the coffee market scenario, if the price of coffee falls, the market demand for coffee would increase and reduce the demand for substitute products which have remained at a certain price level or increased for one reason or the other.  Producers of substitute drinks would consequently experience a decrease in the demand for their own products since the price of coffee is less.

Cross price elasticity is one of the most efficient methods of measuring the degree to which a product can be substituted for another. Goods that are unrelated to each other are deemed to have zero cross elasticity (Mankiw, 2008). Substitute goods on the other hand, would have a positive relationship between the change in the price of one to the quantity demanded of another.

Babb, S. L., & Carruthers, B. G. (1999). Economy/Society: Markets, Meanings, and Social Structure (Sociology for a New Century Series) . Thousand Oaks, California: Pine Forge Press.

Baumol, W. J., & Blinder, A. S. (2008). Economics: Principles and Policy . Mason, OH: South-Western College Pub.

Hazlitt, H. (1988). Economics in One Lesson: The Shortest and Surest Way to Understand Basic Economics . new york: Three Rivers Press.

Mankiw, N. G. (2008). Principles of Economics . Mason, OH: South-Western College Pub.

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How to Write a 1500-Word Essay: Structure & Example [UPD 2024]

In this article, you'll find 1500-word essayw riting tips and a great example.

Well, you have to write a 1500-word paper, and it seems nothing can be as complicated as the structure of such a paper. In this article, we will give you the guidelines that will help produce a well-structured 1500-word essay . Also, we’ve prepared a great 1500-word essay example for you. Let’s dive in!

📝 How to Write a 1500-Word Essay?

📋 1500-word essay structure, 📑 1500-word essay example, 🔗 references.

You might be asking yourself: how to write a 1500-word essay ? And what exactly should you do? In this section, we’ve prepared for you useful information and tips . Let’s go!

  • First of all, before starting with your paper, you should answer the following question. What type of essay am I going to write? There are 8 main types of essays , including:
  • Descriptive
  • Argumentative
  • Classification
  • Compare and contrast
  • Cause and effect

If you want to learn more about each of the types, read our article .

  • Then you need to choose a topic. Here you have plenty of options. It depends on your area of interest or a task. If you want to get some inspiration, read our blog post on 100 ideas for your essay topic!
  • Next, you can start doing research, creating a thesis statement, and writing down your outline. Don’t forget that an outline is an essential part of writing an essay! It is a plan that will guide you through.

Also, don’t forget these important rules when writing your 1500-word essay:

The list contains 5 steps to succeed when writing your 1500-word essay.

Let’s discuss how to structure a 1500-word essay . Also, you can find 5 essential tips for your essay structure down below. A 1500-word essay structure does not differ from any other essay type. It consists of:

  • Introduction – where you have to present the subject under consideration. Usually, an introduction ends with a thesis statement . Include some catchy information in the introduction of your 1500-word essay to attract the reader’s attention.
  • Main Body – where you support your thesis statement with arguments and evidence. Use statistical data, quotations, real-life examples, and reasonable explanations to support your thesis statement. You can divide the body of your paper into several paragraphs. Usually, the main body of a 1500-word paper consists of 5 to 6 paragraphs.
  • Conclusion – where you sum up the whole work done. You should mention your thesis statement once again and summarize the arguments. The concluding paragraph should be impressive too. Our advice is to use rhetorical questions or emotionally colored words for this purpose.

Remember these 5 important tips when writing your essay:

  • You shouldn’t give any answers or detailed information in your introduction.
  • Don’t forget to provide a summary of your arguments in conclusion !
  • Don’t mention any new information in conclusion.
  • Set aside a separate paragraph for each new argument.
  • Avoid unnecessary details in your 1500-word essay. Do not waste free space on something that has no value.

If you want to learn more about writing an essay, read this article on our blog.

After you’ve studied our tips, it’s time to have a look at a 1500-word essay example!

We’ve prepared a useful writing prompt .

We believe that an excellent example with some useful commentaries is a must! Hope you find your inspiration here. Let’s begin!

Origins of Gender Roles: Biological, Social & Other Reasons

Other 1500-word essay samples.

In this section, you’ll find 50 1500-word essay examples written by straight-A students. The samples focus on various issues.

  • Recovery and relapse prevention plan in psychiatry
  • Tesla Motors’ external and internal environments
  • Addressing incivility in nursing practice
  • Striate cortical damage in monkeys and humans
  • Importance of resource management system
  • Efficacy of movement-oriented restorative care
  • Cash flow statement: methods and examples
  • Human and sex trafficking in Spain
  • Professional nursing: family intervention plan
  • Apple Inc.’s strategic, macro and Micro analyses
  • Differential diagnoses with rationales
  • Aspects of contemporary art
  • Marketing of financial products: Commonwealth Bank of Australia
  • Chinese experiencing end-of-life care
  • Overcoming change at workplace
  • Importance of gun control
  • Healthcare psychiatry issues in nursing in Australia
  • Emirates National Oil Company: a case study
  • The coronary artery bypass graft & nursing care
  • Literary techniques and ethnicity role in screenwriting
  • Organisational control process
  • Clinical nursing leadership analysis
  • Classroom learning and teaching strategies
  • Exchange rate in the UK: empirical examination of the monetary model
  • Managing and improving quality grading criteria in healthcare
  • Strategy development in management organization
  • Social psychology and theories of group influence
  • Nursing: hand washing techniques
  • Emirates Airlines company’s ways of generating change
  • Conceptualization of health
  • Supply chain of British Airways
  • Professional nursing practice: concepts and perspectives
  • Richard Lewis’ proposed trends of 21st century
  • Proposed solutions to the issue of homelessness
  • Teenage developmental stages
  • The impact of the shadow economy
  • Advanced practice nursing in home care
  • The life of the killer Ted Bundy
  • International trade and effects of technology in the job market
  • The outcomes of appliance digital therapeutics in healthcare
  • Foundational philosophies of management
  • Contract law and its legal principles
  • The availability of open data sources for nursing professionals
  • Strategic analysis of Palm Co
  • Developing and sustaining innovation in healthcare organisations
  • IBM: managing organizational change
  • Avian influenza: emerging infectious diseases
  • Ecological and social sustainability
  • Epidemiology paper part one: descriptive model
  • Short run versus long run production

📍 How Many Pages Are 1500 Words?

If you use 12 pt font and single spacing, you’ll get around 3 pages . If you go for double spacing , you’ll get twice as much – 6 pages .

📍 How Long Does It Take to Write 1500 Words?

The time of writing a 1500-word essay will depend on how you are familiar with the topic. However, on average, it takes around 5 hours . Don’t forget that you might need some additional time for editing.

📍 How Long Should an Introduction Be for a 1500-Word Essay?

Usually, an introduction should be around 10% of the overall length of the essay. It means that for your 1500-word paper, an introduction will be around 150 words .

📍 How Many Paragraphs Are 1500 words?

There are no definite rules on how many paragraphs are 1500 words. Let’s consider that your intro and conclusion are 150 words each. Also, every main body paragraph should be around 250 words. Then you should have approximately 7 paragraphs in your 1500-word essay .

  • Sample Essay – University of Exeter
  • Introduction and Conclusion – CQ University Australia
  • Essay Structure – Harvard University
  • The Basics of Essay Writing – UNSW Sydney
  • Write Your Essay – UNSW Sydney
  • Guidelines for Essay Writing – University College Dublin
  • Essay Writing Tips – Deakin University
  • English Literature Writing Guide – The University of Edinburgh

Thank you 🙏

This gave me a clear understanding of how to structure a 1500-word essay, thank you.

Essay on Indian Economy for Students and Children

500+ words essay on indian economy.

India is mainly an agricultural economy . Agricultural activities contribute about 50% of the economy. Agriculture involves growing and selling of crops, poultry, fishing, cattle rearing, and animal husbandry. People in India earn their livelihood by involving themselves in many of these activities. These activities are vital to our economy. The Indian economy has seen major growth in the last few decades. The credit for this boom largely goes to the service sector. Agriculture and associated activities have also been improvised to match the global standards and the export of various food products has seen an upward trend thereby adding to the economic growth. The industrial sector does not lag behind a bit. A number of new large scale, as well as small scale industries, have been set up in recent times and these have also proved to have a positive impact on the Indian economy.

essay on indian economy

Government’s Role in Economic Growth

Majority of the working Indian population was and is still engaged in the agriculture sector. Growing crops, fishing, poultry and animal husbandry were among the tasks undertaken by them. They manufactured handicraft items that were losing their charm with the introduction of the industrial goods. The demand for these goods began to decline. The agricultural activities also did not pay enough.

The government identified these problems as hindering the economic growth of the country and established policies to curb them. Promotion of cottage industry, providing fair wages to the laborers and providing enough means of livelihood to the people were some of the policies laid by the government for the country’s economic growth.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

The Rise of the Industrial Sector

The government of India also promoted the growth of small scale and large scale industry as it understood that agriculture alone would not be able to help in the country’s economic growth. Many industries have been set up since independence. A large number of people shifted from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector in an attempt to earn better.

Today, we have numerous industries manufacturing a large amount of raw material as well as finished goods. The pharmaceutical industry, iron and steel industry , chemical industry, textile industry, automotive industry, timber industry, jute, and paper industry are among some of the industries which have contributed a great deal in our economic growth.

The Growth in Service Sector

The service sector has also helped in the growth of our country. This sector has seen growth in the last few decades. The privatization of the banking and telecom sectors has a positive impact on the service sector. The tourism and hotel industries are also seeing a gradual growth. As per a recent survey, the service sector is contributing to more than 50% of the country’s economy.

Indian Economy after Demonetization

The worst affected were the people in the rural areas who did not have access to internet and plastic money. This affects many big and small businesses in the country very badly. Several of them were shut down as a result of this. While the short term effects of demonetization were devastating, this decision did have a brighter side when looked at from long term perspective.

The positive impact of demonetization on the Indian economy is a breakdown of black money, the decline in fake currency notes, increase in bank deposits, demonetization stopped the flow of black money in the real estate sector to ensure a fair play, increase in digital transactions, cutting monetary support for terrorist activities.

Many of our industries are cash-driven and sudden demonetization left all these industries starving. Also, many of our small scale, as well as large scale manufacturing industries, suffered huge losses thereby impacting the economy of the country negatively. Many factories and shops had to be shut down. This did not only impact the businesses but also the workers employed there. Several people, especially the laborers, lost their jobs.

The Indian economy undergoes several positive changes since independence. It is growing at a good pace. However, the rural regions of our country are still under-developed. The government must make efforts to improve the economic condition of these areas.

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