english assignment 7 class

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Class 7 English Assignments

We have provided below free printable Class 7 English Assignments for Download in PDF. The Assignments have been designed based on the latest NCERT Book for Class 7 English . These Assignments for Grade 7 English cover all important topics which can come in your standard 7 tests and examinations. Free printable Assignments for CBSE Class 7 English , school and class assignments, and practice test papers have been designed by our highly experienced class 7 faculty. You can free download CBSE NCERT printable Assignments for English Class 7 with solutions and answers. All Assignments and test sheets have been prepared by expert teachers as per the latest Syllabus in English Class 7. Students can click on the links below and download all Pdf Assignments for English class 7 for free. All latest Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 7 English Assignments with Answers and test papers are given below.

English Class 7 Assignments Pdf Download

We have provided below the biggest collection of free CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for Class 7 English . Students and teachers can download and save all free English assignments in Pdf for grade 7th. Our expert faculty have covered Class 7 important questions and answers for English as per the latest syllabus for the current academic year. All test papers and question banks for Class 7 English and CBSE Assignments for English Class 7 will be really helpful for standard 7th students to prepare for the class tests and school examinations. Class 7th students can easily free download in Pdf all printable practice worksheets given below.

Topicwise Assignments for Class 7 English Download in Pdf

Advantages of Class 7 English Assignments

• As we have the best and largest collection of English assignments for Grade 7, you will be able to easily get full list of solved important questions which can come in your examinations.
• Students will be able to go through all important and critical topics given in your CBSE English textbooks for Class 7 .
• All English assignments for Class 7 have been designed with answers. Students should solve them yourself and then compare with the solutions provided by us.
• Class 7 Students studying in per CBSE, NCERT and KVS schools will be able to free download all English chapter wise worksheets and assignments for free in Pdf
• Class 7 English question bank will help to improve subject understanding which will help to get better rank in exams

Frequently Asked Questions by Class 7 English students

At https://www.cbsencertsolutions.com, we have provided the biggest database of free assignments for English Class 7 which you can download in Pdf

We provide here Standard 7 English chapter-wise assignments which can be easily downloaded in Pdf format for free.

You can click on the links above and get assignments for English in Grade 7, all topic-wise question banks with solutions have been provided here. You can click on the links to download in Pdf.

We have provided here topic-wise English Grade 7 question banks, revision notes and questions for all difficult topics, and other study material.

We have provided the best collection of question bank and practice tests for Class 7 for all subjects. You can download them all and use them offline without the internet.

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Assignments Class 7 English Pdf Download

Students can refer to Assignments for Class 7 English available for download in Pdf. We have given below links to subject-wise free printable Assignments for English Class 7 which you can download easily. All assignments have a collection of questions and answers designed for all topics given in your latest NCERT Books for Class 7 English for the current academic session. All Assignments for English Grade 7 have been designed by expert faculty members and have been designed based on the type of questions asked in standard 7 class tests and exams. All Free printable Assignments for NCERT CBSE Class 7, practice worksheets, and question banks have been designed to help you understand all concepts properly. Practicing questions given in CBSE NCERT printable assignments for Class 7 with solutions and answers will help you to further improve your understanding. Our faculty have used the latest syllabus for Class 7. You can click on the links below to download all Pdf assignments for class 7 for free. You can get the best collection of Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 7 English assignments and questions workbooks below.

Class 7 English Assignments Pdf Download

CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for English Class 7 have been provided below covering all chapters given in your CBSE NCERT books. We have provided below a good collection of assignments in Pdf for English standard 7th covering Class 7 questions and answers for English. These practice test papers and workbooks with question banks for Class 7 English Pdf Download and free CBSE Assignments for Class 7 are really beneficial for you and will support in preparing for class tests and exams. Standard 7th students can download in Pdf by clicking on the links below.

Subjectwise Assignments for Class 7 English

Benefits of Solving Class 7 English Assignments

• The best collection of Grade 7 assignments for English have been provided below which will help you in getting better marks in class tests and exams.
• The solved question for Class 7 English will help you to gain more confidence to attempt all types of problems in exams
• Latest NCERT Books for Class 7 English have been referred to for designing these assignments
• We have provided step by step solutions for all questions in the Class 7 assignments so that you can understand the solutions in detail.
• We have provided single click download links to all chapterwise worksheets and assignments in Pdf.
• Class 7 practice question banks will support to enhance subject knowledge and therefore help to get better marks in exam

FAQs by English Students in Class 7

At https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com is the best website that has the biggest collection of free printable assignments for Class 7 English.

We provide here Standard 7 subject-wise assignments which can be easily downloaded in Pdf format for free. Our teachers have provided these Grade 7 English test sheets for English given in your books.

You can click on the links above and get assignments for English in Grade 7, all chapters and topic-wise question banks with solutions have been provided here. You can click on the links to download in Pdf.

We have provided here subject-wise Grade 7 English question banks, revision notes and questions for all difficult topics, and other study material. You can download it all without any charge by clicking on the links provided above.

We have provided the best quality question bank for Class 7 for English available for Pdf Download. You can download them all and use them offline without the internet.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Grammar

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Grammar all chapters are given below. All the contents are updated for academic session 2024-25. This grammar portion for standard 7 includes about the Sentences, Noun and their Number or Gender, the Pronoun, Determiner, Adjective, Special- Finite Verbs, Non-Finite Forms, Agreement of Verbs with the Subject, Tenses, the Conditional Clause, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Active and Passive Voice, Direct and Indirect Speech, Question Tags or Tail Questions, Vocabulary, Notice Writing, Message Writing, Dialogue Writing, Summary Writing, Comprehension (Unseen Passage), Letter Writing, Paragraph Writing, Story Writing, Essay Writing.

Class 7 English Grammar all Chapters Chapter 1. The Sentence Chapter 2. The Noun Chapter 3. The Noun Numbers Chapter 4. The Noun Gender Chapter 5. The Pronoun Chapter 6. The Determiner Chapter 7. The Adjective Chapter 8. The Verb Special Finite Verbs Chapter 9. The Verb Non-Finite Forms Chapter 10. Agreement of Verbs Chapter 11. The Tense Chapter 12. The Clause Chapter 13. The Adverb Chapter 14. The Preposition Chapter 15. The Conjunction Chapter 16. The Active and Passive Voice Chapter 17. Direct and Indirect Speech Chapter 18. Question Tags Chapter 19. Vocabulary Chapter 20. Notice Writing Chapter 21. Message Writing Chapter 22. Dialogue Writing Chapter 23. Summary Writing Chapter 24. Comprehension Chapter 25. Letter Writing Chapter 26. Paragraph Writing Chapter 27. Story Writing Chapter 28. Essay Writing

Please provide Review and Suggestion to make new contents. If reviewers find that certain topics are insufficiently covered, they can recommend adding more content or going into greater depth on specific subjects.

English Grammar content for Class 7 at Tiwari Academy typically covers a wide range of topics to help students develop a strong foundation in the English language. In Class 7 English Grammar students can expect to find comprehensive lessons on essential grammar concepts such as parts of speech, tenses, sentence structure, and punctuation. These lessons are often presented in a user-friendly and easy-to-understand format, making it accessible for students of all levels. Tiwari Academy’s resources may include explanations, examples, and practice exercises to reinforce learning.

Tiwari Academy provides downloadable worksheets and study materials to help students practice and master the English grammar topics covered in Class 7. These materials can be invaluable for students looking to improve their grammar skills and excel in their English studies. Class 7 English Grammar at Tiwari Academy aims to provide a structured and comprehensive learning experience to help students build a strong foundation in English grammar, which is crucial for effective communication and academic success.

Learning the terms of English grammar in Class 7 holds significant importance for several reasons. It lays the groundwork for effective communication. Understanding grammar terms such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and conjunctions helps students construct clear and coherent sentences. This foundational knowledge is essential for expressing thoughts, ideas, and emotions accurately, both in spoken and written communication. Without a grasp of these terms, students may struggle to convey their thoughts effectively, leading to misunderstandings and hindered communication skills.

The Sentences

A clause is a sentence which is the part of a larger sentence. A declarative statement always ends in full stop (.). The special verbs in English are: is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, might, must etc. An Interrogative sentence always ends in a question mark (?).

Learning grammar terms in Class 7 contributes to academic success. As students progress in their education, their coursework becomes more complex, and written assignments become a common part of assessments. Proper grammar is crucial for writing essays, reports, and research papers. It not only enhances the quality of their writing but also reflects positively on their academic performance. By understanding terms like subject-verb agreement, tense, and sentence structure, students can produce well-structured and grammatically correct pieces of writing, which are highly valued in educational settings.

We cannot put a, an or a number before uncountable nouns. Names of instruments that have two parts are written in plural: scissors, tweezers. Names of some games are in plural: droughts, billiards.

A solid grasp of grammar terms is essential for professional and career development. In the future, students will enter the workforce where effective communication is paramount. Job applications, interviews, and workplace interactions all require proficient communication skills.

A strong foundation in grammar provides a competitive edge, as it ensures clarity and professionalism in written communication, which is often a reflection of one’s competence and attention to detail. Overall, learning grammar terms in Class 7 not only benefits students in their immediate academic pursuits but also sets them on a path to success in their future careers and personal lives.

The Noun: Number

Only countable nouns have plural forms. Singular countable nouns can be made plural usually by adding the suffix. When nouns are not preceded by numerals, we can use their plural forms. For example: I have several pairs of shoes.

The Noun: Gender

Collective nouns such as army, people, nation, flock, class and group are used to signify the collection or group of living things, they are classified as neuter gender.

Teaching English grammar to Class 7 students can be made engaging and easy to understand by using simple and relatable methods. One effective way to teach grammar is through storytelling. Choose a short, interesting story or create one, and then identify and discuss different grammar elements within the story. For example, you can point out nouns by highlighting the characters’ names or verbs by discussing the actions they take. This helps students relate grammar to real-life situations and makes learning more enjoyable.

The Pronoun

There are three important cases of Personal Pronoun. They show the relation of pronouns to other words in the sentence. My, our, your, her, his, its and their are Possessive Determiners. They are not used alone. Always a noun follows them.

Turn grammar lessons into fun games and activities. For instance, you can play Grammar Bingo, where students have bingo cards with various grammar terms like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and they mark them off as you discuss them in the lesson. Or use flashcards with sentences on them, and students can take turns identifying the subject and predicate or finding the correct verb tense. These interactive activities make grammar learning interactive and memorable.

The Determiner

Some vowels have a consonant sound. We use the article with noun (or adjective) that begin with these words. Some words begin with an h that we do not hear when we say the word. We use an with nouns (or Adjectives) that begin with a silent h.

The Adjective

We often use than when we compare two things or people. When we use the superlative form, we often use the before it.

Visual aids like diagrams, charts, and posters can be very helpful for visual learners. Create colourful posters illustrating different parts of speech, and use mnemonic devices or acronyms like FANBOYS (for coordinating conjunctions) to help students remember concepts easily. Associating a visual element or a catchy phrase with grammar rules can make them stick in the students’ minds.

Shikhar Tiwari

Having graduated from Electronics and Communication Engineering from AKTU – Noida, India, in 2021, working for Tiwari Academy as a content writer and reviewer. My main focus is to provide an easy to understand methods in all subjects specially mathematics and making study material with step by step explanation.

Copyright 2024 by Tiwari Academy | A step towards Free Education

AssignmentsBag.com

Assignments For Class 7 English

Assignments for Class 7 English have been developed for Standard 7 students based on the latest syllabus and textbooks applicable in CBSE, NCERT and KVS schools. Parents and students can download the full collection of class assignments for class 7 English from our website as we have provided all topic wise assignments free in PDF format which can be downloaded easily. Students are recommended to do these assignments daily by taking printouts and going through the questions and answers for Grade 7 English. You should try to do these test assignments on a daily basis so that you are able to understand the concepts and details of each chapter in your English book and get good marks in class 7 exams.

Assignments for Class 7 English as per CBSE NCERT pattern

All students studying in Grade 7 English should download the assignments provided here and use them for their daily routine practice. This will help them to get better grades in English exam for standard 7. We have made sure that all topics given in your textbook for English which is suggested in Class 7 have been covered ad we have made assignments and test papers for all topics which your teacher has been teaching in your class. All chapter wise assignments have been made by our teachers after full research of each important topic in the textbooks so that you have enough questions and their solutions to help them practice so that they are able to get full practice and understanding of all important topics. Our teachers at https://www.assignmentsbag.com have made sure that all test papers have been designed as per CBSE, NCERT and KVS syllabus and examination pattern. These question banks have been recommended in various schools and have supported many students to practice and further enhance their scores in school and have also assisted them to appear in other school level tests and examinations. Its easy to take print of thee assignments as all are available in PDF format.

Some advantages of Free Assignments for Class 7 English

• Solving Assignments for English Class 7 helps to further enhance understanding of the topics given in your text book which will help you to get better marks
• By solving one assignments given in your class by English teacher for class 7 will help you to keep in touch with the topic thus reducing dependence on last minute studies
• You will be able to understand the type of questions which are expected in your English class test
• You will be able to revise all topics given in the ebook for Class 7 English as all questions have been provided in the question banks
• NCERT Class 7 English Workbooks will surely help you to make your concepts stronger and better than anyone else in your class.
• Parents will be able to take print out of the assignments and give to their child easily.

All free Printable practice assignments are in PDF single lick download format and have been prepared by Class 7 English teachers after full study of all topics which have been given in each chapter so that the students are able to take complete benefit from the worksheets. The Chapter wise question bank and revision assignments can be accessed free and anywhere. Go ahead and click on the links above to download free CBSE Class 7 English Assignments PDF.

You can download free assignments for class 7 English from https://www.assignmentsbag.com

You can get free PDF downloadable assignments for Grade 7 English from our website which has been developed by teachers after doing extensive research in each topic.

On our website we have provided assignments for all subjects in Grade 7, all topic wise test sheets have been provided in a logical manner so that you can scroll through the topics and download the worksheet that you want.

You can easily get question banks, topic wise notes and questions and other useful study material from https://www.assignmentsbag.com without any charge

Yes all test papers for English Class 7 are available for free, no charge has been put so that the students can benefit from it. And offcourse all is available for download in PDF format and with a single click you can download all assignments.

https://www.assignmentsbag.com is the best portal to download all assignments for all classes without any charges.

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CBSE Class 7 English Grammar Worksheets

Download  free printable worksheets for CBSE Class 7 English Grammar  with practice exercises on verbs, adjectives, Clauses, pronouns, adverbs, tenses,Active Passive Voices, conjunctions, determiners, prepositions. Students needs to practice the NCERT Class 7 English Grammar worksheets, Question papers, Test Papers, Question banks, workbooks and exercises with solutions which will help them in revision of important concepts Class 6 English Grammar. These  Worksheets for Grade 7 English Grammar , class assignments and practice tests have been prepared as per syllabus issued by CBSE and topics given in  NCERT book 2021 . 

In Class 7, the English Grammar curriculum is drafted and designed in an engaging and interesting way. Class 7 English Grammar test papers for all important topics covered which can come in your school exams, download in pdf free. Click to access Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 7 English Grammar Worksheets and test papers. Students can download free printable worksheets for practice, topic wise questions for all chapters. Access free CBSE NCERT printable worksheets for Class 7 English Grammar shared various students and teachers as per the latest Syllabus.  Free PDF download of Standard 6 English Worksheets  with answers will help in scoring more marks in your class tests and school examinations.

Adjectives Worksheets for Class 7

Exercise on Degrees of Adjectives for CBSE Class 7

Exercise on Adjectives for Class 7 with Solved Example

Adjectives Worksheet with Examples for CBSE Class 7

Adjective Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 5

Adjective Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 4

Adjective Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 3

Adjective Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 2

Adjective Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 1

Tenses Worksheets for Class 7

Simple Past Tense Worksheet For CBSE Class 7

Past Tense Exercise With Solved Examples for CBSE Class 7

Simple Present Tense Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Present Tense Exercises With Solved Examples for CBSE Class 7

Present Perfect Tense Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Simple Future Tense Exercise for CBSE Class 7

Present Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise for Class 7

Present Continuous Tense Exercise for Class 7 English

Exercise on Past Perfect Tense for CBSE Class 7 English

Worksheet on Past Perfect Tense for CBSE Class 7 English

Past Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise for Class 7

Past Continuous Tense Worksheet for Class 7 English

Future Tense worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Future Time Reference Tenses Worksheet for Class 7

Future Perfect Continuous Tense Exercise Class 7

Solved Tenses Exercise CBSE Class 7 English

Tenses Exercise For Class 7 (Future Tense) – Worksheet 3

Tenses Exercise For Class 7 (Future Tense) – Worksheet 2

Tenses Exercise For Class 7 (Future Tense) – Worksheet 1

Tenses Exercise For Class 7 (Present Tense) – Worksheet 3

Tenses Exercise For Class 7 (Present Tense) – Worksheet 2

Tenses Exercise For Class 7 (Present Tense) – Worksheet 1

Tenses Exercise For Class 7 (Past Tense) – Worksheet 3

Tenses Exercise For Class 7 (Past Tense) – Worksheet 2

Tenses Exercise For Class 7 (Past Tense) – Worksheet 1

Pronouns Worksheets for Class 7

Pronoun Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 7

Pronoun Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 6

Pronoun Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 5

Pronoun Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 4

Pronoun Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 3

Pronoun Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 2

Pronoun Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 1

Prepositions Worksheets for Class 7

Preposition Exercises for CBSE Class 7 English

Exercises on Preposition for CBSE Class 7 English

Worksheets on Preposition for CBSE Class 7 English

Preposition Worksheet for CBSE Class 7 English

Preposition Exercises for CBSE Class 7 English – 1

Preposition Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 4

Preposition Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 3

Preposition Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 2

Preposition Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 1

Direct Indirect – Reported Speech Exercises for Class 7

Direct And Indirect Speech Worksheet For CBSE Class 7

Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Reported Speech Exercises for CBSE Class 7

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar Reported Speech Exercise

Indirect Speech Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Conjunctions Exercises for Class 7

Conjunctions Exercise for CBSE Class 7

CBSE Class 7 English Grammar – Conjunctions Worksheets

Editing Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Editing Practice Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Editing Exercises for CBSE Class 7 English

Omission Exercises for Class 7

Omission Exercises for CBSE Class 7 with Solved Example

Editing and Omission Exercises For CBSE Class 7

Gap Filling Exercises for Grade 7

English Grammar – Gap Filling Worksheet for Class 7

Gap Filling Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Gap Filling Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Class 7 English Grammar – Gap Filling Exercises

Active Passive Voice Worksheets for CBSE Class 7

Active and Passive Voice Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

CBSE Class 7 English Active And Passive Voice Worksheets

Active and Passive Voice Exercise for CBSE Class 7

Active and Passive Voice Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Modal / Auxiliary Verbs for Class 7

Modal Auxiliary Verbs Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Modal Exercises for CBSE Class 7 English Grammar

Modal Verb Worksheets for CBSE Class 7 English

Rewrite Sentences using Modal Auxiliary Verb Exercise for Class 7

Fill the blanks with Correct Modals – Exercises for Class 7

Modals Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 3

Modals Exercise For CBSE CLASS 7 – Worksheet 2

Modals Exercise For CBSE CLASS 7 – Worksheet 1

Adverb Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Adverb Worksheet for CBSE Grade 7

CBSE Class 7 Degree of Adverbs Worksheet

Adverb of Manner Exercise for CBSE Grade 7

Identifying Adverb Exercise for CBSE Class 7

Adverb or Adjective Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Adverb Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 5

Adverb Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 4

Adverb Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 3

Adverb Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 2

Adverb Exercise For CBSE Class 7 – Worksheet 1

English Grammar Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Adverbs Worksheet for CBSE Class 7 English

Clauses Exercises for Class 7

Finding Adjective Clauses Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Adjective Clauses and Relative Pronouns Exercise for CBSE Class 7

Adverb Phrase & Adverb Clauses Exercises for Class 7

Clauses Exercises for CBSE Class 7 English

Conditional Clauses Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Noun Clauses Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Adjective and Adverb Clauses Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Error Correction Exercises for Class 7

Error Correction and Editing Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

Error Correction and Editing Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Correcting Mistakes and Editing Exercise for CBSE Class 7

Jumbled Sentences Rearranging Exercises Class 7

CBSE Class 7 Rearranging Jumbled Words Exercises

Jumbled Sentences Exercises For Class 7 English Grammar

Rearrange Jumbled Sentences Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Determiners Exercises for Class 7

Determiners Worksheet for CBSE Class 7

CBSE Class 7 Exercise on Determiners all, each, every, few, little

Subject Verb Agreement Exercises for Class 7

Subject Verb Agreement Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Verb Exercises for Class 7

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Exercises For Class 7

Verb Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Sentences , Conditional Sentences, Complex Sentences Exercises for Class 7

Conditional Sentences Exercises for CBSE Class 7

Sentences Exercises for CBSE Class 7 English

Sentence Transformation Exercises for CBSE Class 7 English

Sentence Transformation Exercises for CBSE Class 7 English – 2

Formation of Complex Sentence using Adjective, Noun , Adverb Clause CBSE Class 7

Formation of Complex Sentence using Noun Clause Exercise CBSE Class 7

CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 7 English

Question Papers of English for Class 7 are the best tool to prepare for final examinations. These previous year papers and board papers are in accordance with CBSE guidelines and prescribed syllabus and thus after solving them students get enough confidence and practice to face the forthcoming exams. Here on Ribblu one can get lot of Question Papers for Class 7 English in PDF format for free .

CBSE Class 7 Sample Papers for English

English for Class 7 is considered to be one of the most important and immensely scoring subjects. And the best way to prepare apart from completing NCERT and reference books is solving CBSE Sample Papers. Here on Ribblu one can get immense collection of Sample Question Papers for Class 7 English in PDF format for free.

How to Prepare for Class 7 English Grammar Examinations by Practicing Worksheets for Class 7 English Grammar

After students go through the NCERT / reference book prescribed by the school for completion of studying  Class 7 English , it is mandatory that they should refer printable worksheets for further preparation and revision. Below you will find few guiding steps provided by CBSE core committee, which any student can easily follow in order to improve their academic performance.

Create a Suitable Time Table for Study

The first important step that needs to be taken is to chart out an easy schedule for studying English Grammar. Parents can also help children in preparing such schedule. Main aspect that needs to be kept in mind while preparing is to divide all syllabus for Class 7 English Grammar on the basis of their mark distribution, along with the allotment of maximum time to the most important topics. This will help students in understanding their requirement of  worksheets.

Fetch Compilation of Worksheets for Class 6 English Grammar

In today’s era when everybody is glued to internet, one can find immense worksheets availability on the internet which can sometimes easily create confusion in student’s minds. An ideal worksheet are ones that contain and covers all types of questions related to each topic of Class 7 English Grammar. Here at  Ribblu.com , we have Worksheets of various schools and coaching institutes that are uploaded by users themselves and being spot on they help students to do focussed preparation.

Complete Revision of Entire syllabus prior to Solving Worksheets

A student must revise the entire  syllabus for class 7 English  before solving worksheets in order to get the best performance out of themselves. Worksheets help students in evaluating every aspects of English Grammar including short questions, long questions, multiple-choice questions as well as value-based questions.

Begin Practicing Topics/ Chapters with Maximum Marks Weightage

As per the exam pattern provided by the CBSE and NCERT regularities along with  Sample Papers for Class 7 English  provided, all topics and chapters are distributed on the basis of marks weight-age. So all students must start solving those Worksheets for Class 6 English Grammar first.

Evaluate your performance on the basis of time

Worksheets contain all types of questions and all these questions take different times for solving. Evaluation on the basis of time helps students to get better performance out of themselves.

The above  NCERT CBSE and KVS worksheets for Class 7 English Grammar  will immensely assist all the students to to improve marks by clearing English Grammar concepts and also improve problem solving skills. These CBSE NCERT Class 7 English Grammar workbooks , test papers, sample questions, and important question banks are from various Schools uploaded by users for benefit of Class 7 students.

Advantages Of  CBSE NCERT Class 7 English Grammar Worksheets

a) These kind of English Grammar Worksheets will help the students to clear concepts and get more score in examinations.

b) These printable worksheets for English Grammar Class 7 will help to improve problem solving and analytical skills.

c) Daily Practice Sheets will help to develop a regular schedule of studies

d) All the students will be able to revise every English Grammar topics properly and save time during exams.

Printable free Worksheets of CBSE Class 7 English Grammar are shared by registered users at Ribblu.com. We offer the most exclusive database free worksheets as per CBSE NCERT and KVS standards. All worksheets have been carefully compiled for all level of students, you can also download in PDF  CBSE Class 7 English Grammar Chapter wise question bank  and use them for further studies.

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English CBSE Class 7 Worksheets

CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English: One of the best teaching strategies employed in most classrooms today is Worksheets. CBSE Class 7 English Worksheet for students has been used by teachers & students to develop logical, lingual, analytical, and problem-solving capabilities. So in order to help you with that, we at WorksheetsBuddy have come up with Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 7 English Worksheets for the students of Class 7. All our CBSE NCERT Class 7 English practice worksheets are designed for helping students to understand various topics, practice skills and improve their subject knowledge which in turn helps students to improve their academic performance. These chapter wise test papers for Class 7 English will be useful to test your conceptual understanding.

Board: Central Board of Secondary Education(www.cbse.nic.in) Subject: Class 7 English Number of Worksheets: 128

CBSE Class 7 English Worksheets PDF

All the CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English provided in this page are provided for free which can be downloaded by students, teachers as well as by parents. We have covered all the Class 7 English important questions and answers in the worksheets which are included in CBSE NCERT Syllabus. Just click on the following link and download the CBSE Class 7 English Worksheet. CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English can also use like assignments for Class 7 English students.

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• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Similes Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Story Writing Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Suitable articles Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Tense Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English The Choice Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English The Fun They Had Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English The Fun They Had Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English The Medicine man comes Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English The Pick Wick Club Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English The Road Not Taken Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English The Tense Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Tiger Goes Dead Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Tragic Story Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Treasure in the Garden Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Unseen Passage Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Unseen Passage Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Unseen Passage Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Verb Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Word feline Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Worksheets for all Chapters Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Writing Grammer Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Writing Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Writing Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice A Secret for Two Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Making Things Simple Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Yaksha’s Questions Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Buck’s Trail of Strength Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice The Meeting Pool Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice His First Flight Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Everest Reactions Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Unsung Hero Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Vet In the Forest Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Thank you Ma’m Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice The Small Woman Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice The Boy, The Dog and the Spaceship Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Important Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Important Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Important Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Important Assignment 4
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Important Assignment 5
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Assignment 3
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• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Assignment 20
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Assignment 21
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Assignment 22
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Practice Assignment 23
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Prose Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Prose Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Prose Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Prose Assignment 4
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Prose Assignment 5
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• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Prose Assignment 7
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Prose Assignment 8
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Prose Assignment 9
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 4
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 5
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 6
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 7
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 8
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• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 10
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 11
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 12
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 13
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• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 15
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 16
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 17
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 18
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 19
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 7 English Assignment 20

Advantages of CBSE Class 7 English Worksheets

• By practising NCERT CBSE Class 7 English Worksheet , students can improve their problem solving skills.
• Helps to develop the subject knowledge in a simple, fun and interactive way.
• No need for tuition or attend extra classes if students practise on worksheets daily.
• Working on CBSE worksheets are time-saving.
• Helps students to promote hands-on learning.
• One of the helpful resources used in classroom revision.
• CBSE Class 7 English Workbook Helps to improve subject-knowledge.
• CBSE Class 7 English Worksheets encourages classroom activities.

Worksheets of CBSE Class 7 English are devised by experts of WorksheetsBuddy experts who have great experience and expertise in teaching Maths. So practising these worksheets will promote students problem-solving skills and subject knowledge in an interactive method. Students can also download CBSE Class 7 English Chapter wise question bank pdf and access it anytime, anywhere for free. Browse further to download free CBSE Class 7 English Worksheets PDF .

Now that you are provided all the necessary information regarding CBSE Class 7 English Worksheet and we hope this detailed article is helpful. So Students who are preparing for the exams must need to have great solving skills. And in order to have these skills, one must practice enough of Class 7 English revision worksheets . And more importantly, students should need to follow through the worksheets after completing their syllabus.  Working on CBSE Class 7 English Worksheets will be a great help to secure good marks in the examination. So start working on Class 7 English Worksheets to secure good score.

CBSE Worksheets For Class 7

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18 English Project Ideas You Can Do Right Now! ESL Teaching Project & Activity Ideas 18 English Project Ideas You Can Do Right Now! ESL Teaching , Project & Activity Ideas 18 English Project Ideas You Can Do Right Now!

• by EN101 Author

So, you are looking for interesting and creative English project ideas to spice up your lessons?

Here are 18 practical projects that will help your students get creative while enhancing their written and communicative English skills. These are applicable to your middle school and high school students . 

Creative English Project Ideas

Advertisement.

Test your students’ creativity by asking the them to make an advertisement for inventions of their own. Or they can stick to readily available products within the market. 

Ask them to start with the connection: how their product will solve the issue of their ideal customers. Tell them that the best advertisements trigger consumers’ emotions. Let them use powerful adjectives to inspire their fictional customers.

Elevator Pitch 

Like advertisement activity, this project also focuses on commercial communication. You would like to assign this project only to high school students because of the amount of research that goes into it. 

Start by asking students to review successful elevator pitches of successful startups. 

Detail the necessary information and persuasive tactics.

Ask them to create their own business model or select one from vast startups present in the business world. 

The last step is to present the whole concept in 3 minutes or less. 

RELATED: 11 USEFUL FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOLS FOR TEACHERS

Abstract Word Art Activity

If you’re looking for a fun group project for 4 or more kids, wacky abstract word art activity is just the ticket. Offering  writing practice  and grammar review, this isn’t your average art project.

Kids practice building sentences with different parts of speech, then create paintings of the silly mad-lib sentences they come up with. In an unexpected fun twist, at the end they get to rip up their paintings and arrange them into wild and unique abstract collages.

Autobiographies

In this fun project, you ask the students to detail their life history in an interesting tone. To avoid monotone, ask them to only include those events in life which they consider adventurous or unforgettable. 

Ask them to highlight emotions rather than timeline. 

You can add a twist to the exercise by asking them to write their ideal future life in an epilogue.

This project will focus on verbal communication skills. 

Ask the students to select a book or excerpt from a book to read. You can assign a genre to keep the communication streamlined. 

Students can take turns to give a short review of their reading together with their viewpoints about it. They can talk about the moral values of the characters or change endings or events to discuss if the plot becomes more entertaining with these changes. 

Check out these ideas on how to run a successful Book Club !

Class Magazine

This is a perfect project for all classes in middle and high school. You can take it to the next level by asking the whole school to start a competition for the best class magazine. 

You can ask your class to select a theme of environmental, health, literary, or societal topic. 

Then ask them to gather all skills; idea-generation, writing, design, and presentation. You will get the most benefits if you make it mandatory for every student to produce content for one page of the magazine. (You can include the advertisement activity within the activity of class magazine.)

Comic Strip 

This is another extensive project that will not only win the hearts of your students but also allow you to assess their creative capabilities. 

Ask them to illustrate interesting events from their lives, or imagination, in the form of comic strips. 

ALSO READ: SPEAKING ACTIVITIES FOR ANY LANGUAGE CLASS

This activity is similar to the comic activity given above. The only difference is the increased detail that is required in drama writing. An absence of images adds the obligation on the students to describe scenes and expressions. 

Again, students can describe any life event from their reality or imagination. 

You can later ask the students to act on the best dramas to improve their verbal and non-verbal communication. 

Paper Mache Activity

In this messy yet super fun project, students make paper mache futuristic Earths or other imaginary planets as described in science fiction.

This was my cross-curricular activity based off of our Literature reading of  Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?  and a unit topic in English about the environment and recycling. Of course, you can do paper mache for any lesson or unit that you have!

This article gives you the step-by-step instruction on how to do paper mache in the classroom!

Editorial/ Fan Letter

Editorial is one of English project ideas most suitable for high-schoolers while fan letters work for learners from all English expertise levels. 

Ask your high-schoolers to analyze a societal issue that is close to their heart. Next, they need to define the problem from the viewpoint of aggrieved parties. Ask them to write out the problem and get it published in a local or national newspaper. 

(Be ready to proofread and edit the piece before they send it to relevant personnel.)

Younger students can write fan letters to their best actors, authors, and singers. 

This is another English project which will combine societal, and practical, understanding with English learning. In this project, the students will learn problem-solving skills. 

Ask them to understand a societal or scientific problem. Once they have understood and defined this issue, they have to provide a solution to this problem. 

In the end, they have to present their solution together with the need which gave rise to it in front of the class. (You may want them to include a video presentation with visual effects .)

This activity is one of my students’ favorite s not only because it’s fun but also because it facilitates their learning. I tried this project on two literature readings I had before (The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain and Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe) and both achieved the same fantastic end.

In this project, students are tasked to illustrate the setting or a specific part of the book in the form of a three-dimensional miniature scene. Students will pick a favorite scene from the story they are reading and decide how they want to represent it using the materials given (above) and a variety of design strategies.

This writing exercise contains the most fun among all the given projects. You will excite their creativity as well as their inner critic.

Start by inquiring about the literary work which fascinates or inspires them most. 

Ask them if they can add humor to that piece. Let them edit a single character or scene or if they want they can give a humorous outlook to the whole plot. 

Fables 

This open-ended English writing project will ask the students to select one event in their life. This event should be intriguing as well as contain a life lesson. 

Then, they have to retell this piece in third person pronoun. Ask them to keep the tone conversational as well as engaging. 

In the end, ask them to write a conclusive moral of the story. 

POPULAR: 5 Project-based Learning for High School English

Self-Portrait Project

These self-portrait ideas were part of a short project that went really with my middle school ESL class so I thought I’d share them with you.

My students were able to come up with three products in one activity: a mind map, a self-portrait and an essay. The unit topic was about “Identity” or “Personality” but I guess this will work for general descriptive adjectives lesson as well. 

Charts 

If you want to include futuristic touch to your English lessons, include a thing or two from STEM subjects. One great way is to ask them to explain or detail a mathematical chart. (You can come up with variations in this original plan. For example, you can ask future businessmen to interpret graphics related to market studies.)

See, if they have enough vocabulary and concepts to comprehend and convey the message to their fellows. 

Fictional Pen-Pals

Just like fan letters, this activity asks the students to write letters to their favorite characters in fictional and non-fictional worlds. 

Ask them to pinpoint the era, region, settings they like most in a given novel or historical account. Next, they would show interest in one of its characters and the reason for this interest. 

In the end, they need to write a letter to this character praising or advising him/her regarding his/her role in the piece. (You can reply on behalf of that character if you think the point made by the student inspires further dialogue.) 

Book Trailer Project

Book Trailer Project  is a digital storytelling activity for middle school or high school students after they finish reading a book. Students need to take the key idea from the book to create a short video that persuades people to check out a book they have read.

Doing the book trailer project requires students to summarize, synthesize and analyze the book and put that analysis in their trailer. Furthermore, having students create book trailers is a great way to incorporate  technology in the classroom  and encourage reading. Thus, book trailer project is a great alternative to boring book report assignments, and can easily be done individually or in groups.

So these are some of creative English project ideas you can use in your English class to prompt your students to express their creativity and language skills. These are fun, practical, and learning-inducing. 

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13 ESL Homework Ideas

Homework may not be many students’ favorite thing, but research says it’s truly an effective learning tool that teachers should use .

The trick is assigning great homework.

To help you do this with ease, we’ve compiled an awesome list of 13 homework assignments that will have your ESL students begging for more.

1. Read a Short Story

2. share a passion, 3. start a chat group, 4. listen to a podcast, 5. write a letter, 6. write an amazon review, 7. do a wikipedia edit, 8. write a short story or poem, 9. share their culture, 10. catch a movie, 11. meet new people, 12. analyze a song, 13. go on a photo scavenger hunt, what makes homework effective.

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)

Have students read a short story for homework and then ask them to tell the class about the story in the next session.

I would recommend giving students some suggestions on what short stories to read, depending on the level of your students.

Here are some suggestions of short story collections for each level of ESL learner:

• “The Very First Americans” by Cara Ashrose: This collection of short stories features Native American culture and history, written in simple language.
• “Oxford Bookworms Library: Starter Level” This series offers simplified versions of classic stories, such as fairy tales, adventure stories and more.
• “Classic Tales for ESL Students” by L.A. Hill: This collection of classic stories from literature is retold with easier vocabulary and sentence structure.

Intermediate

• “The Best American Short Stories” This series features contemporary short stories from a wide range of American writers, so there’s something for everyone here.
• “Short Stories in English for Intermediate Learners” by Olly Richards: This collection of engaging stories is designed specifically for intermediate ESL students.
• “Roald Dahl: The Collected Short Stories” This delightful collection of quirky and imaginative tales has become a favorite of many of my students.
• “Interpreter of Maladies” by Jhumpa Lahiri: This Pulitzer Prize-winning collection of short stories explores the immigrant experience, something which many ESL students can relate to.
• “Dubliners” by James Joyce: This classic collection of interconnected stories captures the essence of Dublin in 1914. But it still feels modern to many students.
• “Nine Stories” by J.D. Salinger: This classic collection of short stories is a class favorite when I’ve used it.

What do your students really care about? Give them a chance to talk about it in front of the class. 

Have each person choose something they’re passionate about, something they might consider themselves an expert on.

Challenge students to think of a creative way to present five must-know facts about that subject. They might make a movie, create a poster or brochure, write a song or even put on a skit.

Have each person present their creative project to the class, and then give the class five minutes to ask questions of the presenter.

Set certain parameters like students must speak in complete sentences or require that every student ask at least two questions at some point during the presentations.

Students will love sharing about their passions, and they’ll get some great speaking, listening and discourse information in the process, as well as teach the rest of the class some interesting vocabulary.

Ask for class for a volunteer to start a class WhatsApp chat group. They can also decide to use another messaging app like Telegram, Viber, Voxer or any other app that has a group chat function. 

Encourage them to send at least one message and to respond to a couple others for their homework. 

This text group has the added advantage of students being able to make friends with one another, and a place to ask about missed homework assignments on days when they can’t make it to class.

Note that if a student doesn’t want to be included in the chat group, you should have a back up assignment prepared for them.

Listening is one of the ESL student’s most difficult skills to acquire, so listening to a short podcast episode is ideal homework.

You can ask students to write a little about the podcast to turn in to you, or you can ask them to briefly summarize what they heard for the class in the next session.

Here are some suggestions for well done podcasts:

The English We Speak : Produced by the BBC, this podcast focuses on teaching commonly used phrases and idioms in conversational English.

The Moth : A storytelling podcast where real people share their personal experiences and anecdotes in English.

Stuff You Should Know : Though not specifically designed for ESL students, this podcast covers a vast array of interesting topics, providing exposure to diverse vocabulary and subject matters.

Ask your students to write a letter . The letter can be written to a friend or family member (which they could then actually mail or email), or it could be a fan letter to a favorite musician or actor. They could even write a letter to Santa Claus or a historical figure. 

For example, a student might choose to write a letter to Marie Antoinette, asking her what it was like to be the queen of France at such a young age. 

You can also choose to have students write letters to one another. Then the next homework can be writing that letter writer back.

Ask you students to review a product on Amazon (or any other shopping website that has reviews). Ask them to select a product they have really used, so they have a genuine opinion on the quality of the product and whether it lived up to their expectations.

Then, in the next session, show the reviews on the overhead projector to the class and ask a student to read the review.

You can then go over any errors in vocabulary, grammar or sentence structure and revise the review together as a class.

Since anyone can edit a Wikipedia article, it’s a great place for ESL students to hone their writing and editing skills, and they’ll have a built-in readership, too!

Ask students to select a person that they know a lot about—a well-known figure from history, pop culture, music or film would all work. Then ask them to read the Wikipedia entry to see if they can add anything else to the article.

Perhaps the article on Ryan Gosling is missing a key detail about his recent Ken performance. If so, the student will revise and edit the article. They should take notes on what they changed, so they can explain it to you or the class the next day.

Ask your students to get creative. Have them write a short story or a poem . This can get them to use descriptive language that they don’t always have a chance to use.

One good activity to do before you assign this homework is an adjective bubble chart. For this, you start with one adjective. For example, write “moist” on the board, circle it and then draw 4-5 lines coming off of the”moist” bubble.

Ask your students to come up with other adjectives that are related to “moist” and so on. They may come up with “wet,” “watery,” “soaked” or “damp.” Then draw lines from each of those. This can lead to words that you never expected to come up.

Have your students select 3-4 adjectives from this introduction activity that they’ll use in their story or poem.

Ask your students to prepare a short presentation on an aspect of their home culture to tell the class about in the next session. 

For example, a student from China may explain the Lunar New Year, a student from Vietnam may explain Tet or a student from El Salvador may tell the class about their quinceañera .

They can use photos, art, a PowerPoint presentation or they can just explain in their own words.

Then open the class up for questions.

Can you legitimately send students to the movies for homework? You can when you’re teaching ESL.

Your students don’t have to commit to a full-length movie. Instead, you can use the videos on FluentU to screen mini-lessons using clips from TV shows and movies, movie trailers, news segments, vlogs or music videos.

Use these videos in the classroom or assign homework to watch a few and complete the subsequent quizzes. You can also ask students to complete flashcard quizzes based on vocabulary words you want them to pay special attention to. These quizzes are adaptable so every student will have a unique experience catered to his learning level.

There are plenty of ways to use a movie for language development. And whether students watch a new release or catch an old Elvis flick on TV, they can do any of the following activities as homework:

• Summarize the plot.
• Describe a main character.
• Note new or interesting vocabulary (particularly slang) they hear while watching.
• Write an interview with one of the characters in the movie.

I’m sure you also have your favorite movie-related language activities and many work as homework assignments. So get creative with how you have students share about what they watched.

For the most part, people are willing to help someone in need, and that is doubly true for someone who needs to complete an assignment for school.

That’s why sending students out to interview native speakers on campus is such a fun homework assignment.

Start by helping your students write a list of questions they’ll use for their interviews. Students can choose a topic or you can assign one, like leisure activities or celebrity news.

Tell students to list five to ten questions they might ask on that topic that will elicit specific answers. 

As a class, discuss how students might introduce themselves to a potential interviewee. 

Then send students out to their interviews after class. They can share the answers they got in the next session.

Music is great for English learners since it stresses many aspects of language that can otherwise be hard to isolate, like the emotion of language, intonation and stress.

Have students choose their favorite English language song to listen to for homework and then ask them to do the following:

• Practice the lyrics to learn intonation and rhythm.
• Note slang and cultural references in the songs.
• Summarize the theme of the song, or just what it’s about.
• Have students share their favorite lyrics and what a particular song means to them.

Give individual students or groups of up to three students a list of items to find on their homework scavenger hunt. But instead of being specific in your list (for example, including items such as cat), be descriptive in your list.

You might include items such as something frightening, something beautiful, something quiet, something cool.

Students find items they think fit the description. For example, someone who is claustrophobic might choose an elevator for something frightening. They then take a picture of it.

The next day, have each person get with a partner and show them the pictures they took for each item on the list.

If the connection is not obvious, students should ask their partner to explain why they chose a particular item, such as the elevator.

Assigning homework that works isn’t as hard as you might think, especially if you focus on the following points.

• Put your homework in writing. It can be tempting to just announce homework assignments to students at the end of class, but language learners benefit when you reinforce what you say with what they can see. So take a minute to write any homework assignment on the board so students can read it as well as listen to it.
• Let students know what goals you have for a particular assignment. Is it practicing a certain grammar point ? Improving their listening skills ? Pronunciation practice ? When students know why they’re doing something, they’ll be able to tell on their own when they’ve successfully completed their homework assignment.
• Keep your homework practical . Your students may not find themselves planning out a menu for Thanksgiving when they leave your ESL classroom, but odds are they’ll have to order food at a restaurant at some point. Think about realistic ways students will have to use English in the real world and try to make your homework practical.
• Let your students be creative . Give your students choices on how they express themselves or present information. It’s okay for students to make a home movie, put on a one-man play or paint a picture to present to the class. Just because you prefer a particular type of creative expression doesn’t mean your students do, so give them choices and let them express themselves.
• Make homework fun! Every class has its own personality, so what’s fun for one might not be fun for another. Tailor your assignments to the personality of your class. Think about what they would think is fun, and go with that.

No matter what you believed in your student days, homework doesn’t have to be boring. With a little creativity when assigning homework, you might find that the activities you assign for outside of class become the highlights of your students’ days.

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Faculty Resources

Assignments.

The assignments in this course are openly licensed, and are available as-is, or can be modified to suit your students’ needs.

If you import this course into your learning management system (Blackboard, Canvas, etc.), the assignments will automatically be loaded into the assignment tool. These assignments and quizzes come pre-loaded with specific assigned point values. We recommend changing the point values to match your course design .

This course includes a series of assignments associated with most modules, as well as essay assignments that can be included in the course as you see fit. Some instructors assign multiple rhetorical styles, while others scaffold just one or two large essays throughout the course. For this reason, the essay assignments are listed at the front of the course and can be easily moved into the appropriate places within the LMS. The different rhetorical style essays are each split into at least two parts, with one for prewriting and one for the final draft.  They could also be combined into one assignment or split into several smaller assignments; for example, you could divide each essay into a prewriting, drafting, and final draft stage (which is how the argument essay is currently organized).

The “Writing Process—Revising and Proofreading” module also includes a discussion assignment that has students peer review whichever essay is assigned during that module ( Discussion: CARES Peer Review).

• Narrative Essay
• Compare/Contrast
• Illustration Essay
• Cause and Effect Essay
• Argument Essay

The optional “Essay Reflection” Assignment can also be paired with any of the rhetorical style essays listed above.

The assignments can also be broken down into smaller steps or combined/simplified as desired. Remember, these can be deleted, modified, or replaced within your LMS to meet the needs of your students.

• Assignments. Provided by : Lumen Learning. License : CC BY: Attribution
• Pencil Cup. Authored by : IconfactoryTeam. Provided by : Noun Project. Located at : https://thenounproject.com/term/pencil-cup/628840/ . License : CC BY: Attribution

• NCERT Books
• Class 7 TextBooks
• Class 7 English Books

NCERT Class 7 English Books

Ncert class 7 english books – free pdf download.

NCERT Class 7 English Books are very important to study to have a good grip on the subject and score good marks in exams. Studying from NCERT books is the best way to prepare for the annual exam. So, to help students in their preparation, we are providing the NCERT Class 7 English Book. Students can find the e-books along with the chapter-wise PDFs of the Class 7 English Book on this page. We have provided the English NCERT books PDF of the main coursebook and supplementary.

NCERT textbook PDFs are curated by experts in a comprehensive way for students’ convenience. So, the students are advised to go through the chapter-wise books based on the prescribed CBSE syllabus and guidelines. The concepts provided in NCERT Class 7 Books for English PDF Free Download, available at BYJU’S, help students to prepare efficiently and score good marks in final exams.

Access NCERT Books for Class 7 English PDF

Students can access the NCERT Class 7 English Book from the table below. We have provided both “Honeycomb” and “An Alien Hand Supplementary Reader” English Class 7 NCERT Books in PDF.

NCERT Class 7 English Honeycomb – Download Chapterwise PDF

Three Questions

The Squirrel

A Gift of Chappals

Gopal and the Hilsa Fish

The Ashes That Made Trees Bloom

Expert Detectives

Mystery of the Talking Fan

The Invention of Vita-Wonk

Dad and the Cat and the Tree

Garden Snake

A Homage to our Brave Soldiers

Meadow Surprises

NCERT Class 7 English Book An Alien Hand Supplementary Reader

After reading the textbook, students can also access the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 to get the answers to the exercise questions. They can also get interactive Maths and Science videos by downloading BYJU’S – The Learning App and subscribing to the YouTube channel.

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8 Ways to Create AI-Proof Writing Prompts

C reating 100 percent AI-proof writing prompts can often be impossible but that doesn’t mean there aren’t strategies that can limit the efficacy of AI work. These techniques can also help ensure more of the writing submitted in your classroom is human-generated. 

I started seeing a big uptick in AI-generated work submitted in my classes over the last year and that has continued. As a result, I’ve gotten much better at recognizing AI work , but I’ve also gotten better at creating writing prompts that are less AI-friendly. 

Essentially, I like to use the public health Swiss cheese analogy when thinking about AI prevention: All these strategies on their own have holes but when you layer the cheese together, you create a barrier that’s hard to get through. 

The eight strategies here may not prevent students from submitting AI work, but I find these can incentivize human writing and make sure that any work submitted via AI will not really meet the requirements of the assignment. 

1. Writing AI-Proof Prompts: Put Your Prompt Into Popular AI tools such as ChatGPT, Copilot, and Bard 

Putting your writing prompt into an AI tools will give you an immediate idea of how most AI tools will handle your prompt. If the various AI chatbots do a good, or at least adequate, job immediately, it might be wise to tweak the prompt. 

One of my classes asks students to write about a prized possession. When you put this prompt into an AI chatbot, it frequently returns an essay about a family member's finely crafted watch. Obviously, I now watch out for any essays about watches. 

2. Forbid Cliché Use

Probably the quickest and easiest way to cut back on some AI use is to come down hard on cliché use in writing assignments. AI tools are essentially cliché machines, so banning these can prevent a lot of AI use. 

Equally as important, this practice will help your students become better writers. As any good writer knows, clichés should be avoided like the plague. 

3. Incorporate Recent Events

The free version of ChatGPT only has access to events up to 2022. While there are plugins to allow it to search the internet and other internet-capable AI tools, some students won’t get further than ChatGPT. 

More importantly, in my experience, all AI tools struggle to incorporate recent events as effectively as historic ones. So connecting class material and assignments to events such as a recent State of Union speech or the Academy Awards will make any AI writing use less effective. 

4. Require Quotes

AI tools can incorporate direct quotations but most are not very good at doing so. The quotes used tend to be very short and not as well-placed within essays. 

Asking an AI tool for recent quotes also can be particularly problematic for today’s robot writers. For instance, I asked Microsoft's Copilot to summarize the recent Academy Awards using quotes, and specifically asked it to quote from Oppenheimer's director Christopher Nolan’s acceptance speech. It quoted something Nolan had previously said instead. Copilot also quoted from Wes Anderson’s acceptance speech, an obvious error since Anderson wasn’t at the awards .  

5. Make Assignments Personal

Having students reflect on material in their own lives can be a good way to prevent AI writing. In-person teachers can get to know their students well enough to know when these types of personal details are fabricated. 

I teach online but still find it easier to tell when a more personalized prompt was written by AI. For example, one student submitted a paper about how much she loved skateboarding that was so non-specific it screamed AI written. Another submitted a post about a pair of sneakers that was also clearly written by a "sole-less" AI (I could tell because of the clichés and other reasons). 

6. Make Primary or Scholarly Sources Mandatory

Requiring sources that are not easily accessible on the internet can stop AI writing in its tracks. I like to have students find historic newspapers for certain assignments. The AI tools I am familiar with can’t incorporate these. 

For instance, I asked Copilot to compare coverage of the first Academy Awards in the media to the most recent awards show and to include quotes from historic newspaper coverage. The comparison was not well done and there were no quotes from historical newspaper coverage. 

AI tools also struggle to incorporate journal articles. Encouraging your students to include these types of sources ensures the work they produce is deeper than something that can be revealed by a quick Google search, which not only makes it harder for AI to write but also can raise the overall quality.  

7. Require Interviews, Field Trips, Etc. 

Building on primary and scholarly sources, you can have your students conduct interviews or go on field trips to historic sites, museums, etc. 

AI is still, thankfully, incapable of engaging in these types of behavior. This requires too much work for every assignment but it is the most effective way to truly ensure your work is human- not computer-written. 

If you’re still worried about AI use, you can even go a step further by asking your students to include photos of them with their interview subjects or from the field trips. Yes, AI art generators are getting better as well, but remember the Swiss cheese analogy? Every layer of prevention can help. 

8. Have Students Write During Class

As I said to start, none of the methods discussed are foolproof. Many ways around these safeguards already exist and there will be more ways to bypass these in the future. So if you’re really, really worried about AI use you may want to choose what I call the “nuclear option.” If you teach in person you can require students to write essays in person. 

This approach definitely works for preventing AI and is okay for short pieces, but for longer pieces, it has a lot of downsides. I would have trouble writing a long piece in this setting and imagine many students will as well. Additionally, this requirement could create an accusatory class atmosphere that is more focused on preventing AI use than actually teaching. It’s also not practical for online teaching. 

That all being said, given how common AI writing has become in education, I understand why some teachers will turn to this method. Hopefully, suggestions 1-7 will work but if AI-generated papers are still out of hand in your classroom, this is a blunt-force method that can work temporarily. 

Good luck and may your assignments be free of AI writing! 

• 7 Ways To Detect AI Writing Without Technology
• Best Free AI Detection Sites
• My Student Was Submitting AI Papers. Here's What I Did

Due: Fri May 31 11:59 pm (checkpoint), Wed Jun 5 11:59 pm (full submission) No late submissions accepted.

Assignment by Julie Zelenski, with modifications by Nick Troccoli based on an idea from Randy Bryant & David O'Hallaron (CMU)

Learning Goals

This assignment gives you a chance to implement a core piece of functionality that you've relied on all quarter - a heap allocator! This assignment will help you:

• appreciate the complexity and tradeoffs in implementing a heap allocator
• further develop your pointer and debugging skills
• profile your code to find inefficiencies and work to streamline them
• bring together all of your CS107 skills and knowledge

You've been using the heap all quarter, and now you get to go under the hood and build your own version of malloc , realloc , and free ! The key goals for a heap allocator are:

• correctness: services any combination of well-formed requests
• tight utilization: compact use of memory, low overhead, recycling memory
• fast: services requests quickly

There are a wide variety of designs that can meet these goals, with various tradeoffs to consider. Correctness is of course essential, but is the next priority to conserve space or improve speed? A bump allocator can be crazy-fast but chews through memory with no remorse. Alternatively, an allocator might pursue aggressive recycling and packing to squeeze into a small memory footprint, but execute a lot of instructions to achieve it. An industrial-strength allocator aims to find a sweet spot without sacrificing one goal for the other.

In this assignment, you will implement two different heap allocator designs; an implicit free list allocator and an explicit free list allocator . This assignment leaves room for you to experiment and decide between different possible approaches for implementing these allocators to balance various tradeoffs - beyond the requirements listed in this spec, you are free to design your allocators in the best way you see fit!

A note about the Honor Code: An allocator submission is expected to be your original work. Your code should be designed, written, and debugged by you independently. Aside from the provided textbook materials, all other code is entirely off-limits -- you must not otherwise study other heap allocator code, incorporate code from outside sources, or discuss code-level specifics with others. A student who is retaking the course may not re-use the design, code, or documentation from any previous effort from a previous quarter.

[IMPORTANT] Deadlines and Submissions

Please make sure to thoroughly read the below instructions about submitting work and grading.

This assignment is divided into two starter projects , with two separate deadlines . First, you will work on your implicit allocator and submit that by the implicit allocator checkpoint deadline. Then, you will work on your explicit allocator (and optionally revise your implicit allocator, if you choose) and make your final full assignment submission with both your implicit and explicit allocators by the final assignment deadline.

assign6a is the starter project for the implicit allocator. You can clone the starter project using the command

assign6 is the starter project for the full assignment submission at the final deadline. You can clone the starter project using the command

The implicit allocator checkpoint deadline (for assign6a ) is Fri May 31 11:59 pm. The final assignment deadline ( assign6 ) is Wed Jun 5 11:59 pm. No late submissions are accepted for either deadline , whether or not you have free late days remaining, except in cases of Head TA-granted extensions or OAE accommodations for either deadline.

Here is the process for the assignment:

• Clone assign6a and work on your implicit allocator
• Submit assign6a by the implicit allocator checkpoint deadline, Fri May 31 11:59 pm
• Clone assign6
• Copy your implicit allocator file from assign6a to assign6 (you can use the cp command to do this - e.g. once you are in the folder containing both assign6 and assign6a , do cp assign6a/implicit.c assign6/ ).
• work on your explicit allocator in assign6 , and optionally revise your implicit allocator there as well
• Submit assign6 by the final assignment deadline, Wed Jun 5 11:59 pm

Once the implicit allocator checkpoint deadline passes, we will immediately release autograder results for it (but we aren't able to provide style feedback) so that you can get feedback and use it when working on your explicit allocator (since it builds on your implicit allocator).

Then, your full assign6 submission will consist of both your implicit and explicit allocators, and is graded on both functionality and style. Here is how we will grade your full assign6 submission:

• we will run the autograder on your explicit allocator for functionality and review it for style
• if they are completely the same, we'll run the autograder on that version for functionality and review it for style
• if they're different, we'll run the autograder on your assign6 implicit allocator, scale it by 0.85 (meaning take 85% of it), and then compare that number to your checkpoint implicit allocator functionality results. We'll pick whichever file has the higher score and use that version when we grade both functionality and style for your implicit allocator.

In other words: you can make changes to your implicit allocator if you'd like after the checkpoint - but those changes (including any commenting, style, etc. changes) will only be graded if they result in a functionality score that, when scaled by 0.85, is >= to your checkpoint functionality score. This is to encourage you to focus your attention after the checkpoint deadline on your explicit allocator unless there is the potential for you to significantly improve your implicit allocator score via revision. If you make changes to your implicit allocator and they don't result in such a higher score, we'll grade the version from your checkpoint for both functionality and style.

The checkpoint deadline is intended to encourage you to get an early start and complete your implicit allocator with sufficient time to then focus on your explicit allocator. Note that even though the deadlines appear to allot more time for the implicit allocator than the explicit one, both allocators are challenging, and if you finish your implicit allocator early we encourage you to keep the ball rolling and turn your attention to your explicit allocator!

Getting Started

To get started with the assignment, watch our "Getting Started" videos on Canvas. They give an overview of the different parts of the assignment, the different files, and how to approach your allocators. They aren't a substitute for reading through the provided code on your own, but we hope they can give you a head start!

View Getting Started Videos

View Full Starter File List

• test_harness.c : a provided testing program that lets your run your heap allocators on different test cases and catch potential errors. You do not need to modify this file, but will read over part of this code as part of a code reading exercise. When you compile this program, it will create 3 versions you can run, one for each allocator type, each named test_[ALLOCATOR TYPE] .
• bump.c : a provided implementation of a bump allocator. This implementation is not robust, but serves as an example of how to implement a heap allocator. You do not need to modify this file, but will read over this code as part of a code reading exercise.
• implicit.c , explicit.c and Makefile : files where you will add your implementations for your implicit and explicit free list allocators, respectively, and the Makefile to compile them.
• allocator.h : a file containing function prototypes for functionality in each of your allocators, and some helpful constants. You do not need to modify this file, but can use these constants automatically in your code.
• segment.h , and segment.c : supporting files needed for programs to use your heap allocator, that provide the heap segment size and heap segment start. You do not need to modify these files.
• debug_break.h : a provided file with a helpful function for debugging that allows you to call a function to simulate hitting a GDB breakpoint where that function is called. You do not need to modify this file.
• custom_tests : a file where you may, but are not required to, add tests for your implementations.
• readme.txt : a file where you should write up information about your heap allocator.
• my_optional_program.c : an empty C program configured to use your heap allocator - you can optionally add code to this program to try out your finished heap allocators! When you compile this program, it will create 3 versions you can run, one for each allocator type, each named my_optional_program_[ALLOCATOR TYPE] .
• various .script text files: these files are provided test cases for testing your heap allocators with the provided test_harness program. See later in the spec for more details.
• SANITY.ini and sanity.py : files to configure and run sanity check. You can ignore these files.
• tools : contains symbolic links to the sanitycheck , submit and codecheck programs for checking, testing and submitting your work.

Assignment Support/No-Code Helper Hours: Through helper hours, the discussion forum and email, our focus will be on supporting you so that you can track down your own bugs. Please ask us how to best use tools, what strategies to consider, and advice about how to improve your debugging process, but we expect you to take ownership of your own code and drive your own debugging. For this reason, and also because of the wide variety of implementations possible, while we are happy to answer code-level questions, we cannot look at code during helper hours . This doesn't mean we can't help with code-level questions - it just means we cannot sit with you and look at code together to help diagnose the issue. We can also only answer debugging questions if you have implemented your validate_heap and dump_heap functions to narrow in on the issue you're having - these functions are a huge asset, and we want to encourage you to take advantage of them!

Code Study: Test Harness

A heap allocator isn't an executable program, but rather a set of functions that can be called from programs. Therefore, to test a heap allocator, we need test programs that call those functions. Our provided test_harness.c program is a program that tests calling your heap allocator functions in various ways. It takes as input a test allocator script (a text file in a specified format) that it parses to know what requests to send the heap allocator. While executing the script, it attempts to verify that each request was correctly satisfied. It looks for various externally-visible problems (blocks that are unaligned/overlapping/outside segment, failure to preserve payload data, etc). When you compile using make , it will create 3 different compiled versions of this program to test with, one using each type of heap allocator: test_bump , test_implicit and test_explicit . You can specify one or more script files as command line arguments to the test harness and it will run and evaluate on each of them. You can also use something called filename globbing to specify multiple test files to run with the test harness all at once. For example, you can specify samples/example*.script (note the asterisk) as the filename to run all provided test files in the samples folder starting with example as its name.

Allocator Scripts

An allocator script is a file that contains a sequence of requests in a compact text-based format. The three request types are a (allocate) r (reallocate) and f (free). Each request has an id-number that can be referred to in a subsequent realloc or free.

A script file containing:

is converted by the test harness into these calls to your allocator:

We provide a variety of different test scripts in the samples folder, named to indicate the "flavor":

• example scripts have workloads targeted to test a particular allocator feature. These scripts are very small (< 10 requests), easily traced, and especially useful for early development and debugging. These are much too small to be useful for performance measurements.
• pattern scripts were mechanically constructed from various pattern templates (e.g. 500 mallocs followed by 500 frees or 500 malloc-free pairs). The scripts make enough requests (about 1,000) that they become useful for measuring performance, albeit on a fairly artificial workload.
• trace scripts contain real-world workloads capturing by tracing executing programs. These scripts are large (> 5,000 requests), exhibit diverse behaviors, and useful for comprehensive correctness testing. They also give broad measurement of performance you might expect to get "out in the wild". If you have major efficiency issues, these scripts may not complete – if you’re noticing these scripts never seem to give you information, try running with the pattern scripts to optimize first!

Your allocator should have no operational or execution errors on any of the provided sample scripts. You are also highly encouraged to create your own!

Test Harness

Read over test_harness.c to understand how it operates so you can use it to the fullest. You don't need to dig into the parts that parse a script file towards the end, but do carefully review the earlier code that executes each script and checks correctness.

Verify your understanding by checking in with yourself on the following questions:

• When making a malloc request, what checks does the test harness perform to verify the request was properly serviced? What checks does it use on free ? On realloc ?
• How does the test harness verify that no memory blocks overlap one another?
• After allocating a block, the test harness memsets a pattern over the entire payload, e.g. repeats 0x2a or 0x08 in every payload byte. (That byte is the request id in the script being processed). If this pattern appears where you think it should not (e.g. a header seems to get randomly overwritten with a repeated pattern, such has 0x2a2a2a2a2a), this means there are bytes that test harness believes is in-use payload yet your allocator thinks those bytes store heap housekeeping. Perhaps an in-use block was incorrectly left on the free list, a block coalesce/split was bungled, or a block is wrongly both in-use and free.
• How does the test harness calculate the allocator's average utilization?
• In addition to its own checks to verify constraints that can be externally validated, the test harness also make calls to validate_heap . validate_heap is a function that you will write in each of your allocators that does a scan of your internal heap data structures (more about how to implement this later). At what point does the test harness call validate_heap ? How does the test harness respond when validate_heap returns false? What command-line flag configures the test harness to skip the calls to validate_heap ?
• The test harness calls the allocator's myinit function before executing each script. The function is expected to wipe the allocator's slate clean and start fresh. If myinit doesn't do its job, you may encounter bugs caused by ghost values left over from the previous script . Keep this in mind for when implementing myinit in your heap allocator!
• The arguments to myinit are the bounds of the heap segment. Run test_bump under gdb and print out those boundaries. At what address does the heap segment start? What is the heap segment size? Remember these values, you are going to be seeing a lot of activity in this region.
• Something that may come in handy is breaking at the test harness's execution of a specific line number in a test script. How can we use conditional breakpoints to do this? Where might be a good place to add a conditional breakpoint that triggers when we execute line X?

If there is anything you don't understand about the test harness, please ask! You want to have a good understanding of how this code operates so you can use it effectively when testing your allocator.

Code Study: Bump Allocator

The bump.c file contains an implementation of a bump allocator. We discussed this strategy in lecture as one of the simplest possible approaches; it is extremely fast, but has very poor memory utilization. The implementation we provide is not robust to all edge cases and does not perform all required error checking , but is provided to give you an idea of how you might go about implementing a heap allocator. Here are a few experiments to try out to observe how it performs:

• Read over the C code for the bump allocator. The bump allocator has no per-block memory overhead, but its inability to recycle memory means its utilization is expected to be abysmal. What does the test harness report as the calculated utilization when servicing these allocator scripts?
• The bump allocator includes a dump_heap function that prints out the contents of the heap in text form. But this function isn't called anywhere in the code - so why is it useful? As it turns out, we can call functions while paused in gdb using the call command. This means that if we are debugging and want to print out a text representation of the heap contents, we can easily do that with the dump_heap function. Check out the dump_heap section later in the spec for more information and how to add this to your own allocators.

The bump allocator can service a malloc / free in just a handful of instructions, but its utilization is extremely poor. In your own allocators, you will aim to strike a balance of good results on both utilization and speed rather than sacrificing one for the other.

Implementing Your Own Allocators

Now it's your turn! Your main task on this assignment is to implement your own implicit and explicit allocators as discussed in class and in the textbook. The B&O textbook chapter 9.9 contains background reading on heap allocators, including sample code. You are allowed to review this code, but note that its structure is somewhat incompatible with our framework. Moreover, its code is not that readable and it uses preprocessor macros (#defines) that behave like functions - which you should not use . You can use this code as a starting point, and then write your own. If you do end up taking some inspiration from this code, you may do so given an appropriate citation.

As you work, make sure to set your own target milestones/checkpoints and implement it _in small, manageable chunks, testing thoroughly at each step. We recommend that you do the code studies first to understand how the test harness works, then work through implicit free list implementation. Finally, port everything over to your high-throughput, high-utilization explicit free list implementation - you should start implementing your explicit allocator with your implicit code, which should automatically pass all tests! Then you can focus on adding the explicit allocator features on top of this.

General Requirements

The following requirements apply to both allocators:

• The interface should match the standard libc allocator. Carefully read the malloc man page for what constitutes a well-formed request and the required handling to which your allocator must conform. Note there are a few oddballs ( malloc(0) and the like) to take into account. Ignore esoteric details from the NOTES section of the man page.
• There is no requirement on how to handle improper requests. If a client reallocs a stack address, frees an already freed pointer, overruns past the end of an allocated block, or other such incorrect usage, your response can be anything, including crashing or corrupting the heap. We will not test on these cases.
• An allocated block must be at least as large as requested, but it is not required to be exactly that size. The maximum size request your design must accommodate is specified as a constant in allocator.h . If asked for a block larger than the max size, your allocater can return NULL, just as it would for any request that cannot be serviced. You should not assume the value of this constant beyond that it will not be larger than the max value of a size_t .
• Every allocated block must be aligned to an address that is a multiple of the ALIGNMENT constant, also in allocator.h . You may assume that this value is 8, and it is fine for your code to work only with an alignment of 8. However, you should still use the constant instead of hardcoding the value. This alignment applies to payloads that are returned to the client, not to internal heap data such as headers. It's your choice whether small requests are rounded up to some minimum size.
• myinit 's job is to properly initialize the allocator's state. It should return true if the initialization was successful, or false if the parameters are invalid / the allocator is unable to initialize. For the parameters passed in, you may assume that the heap starting address is a non-NULL value aligned to the ALIGNMENT constant, and that the heap size is a multiple of ALIGNMENT . You should not assume anything else about the parameters, such as that the heap size is large enough for the heap allocator to use.
• Your allocator cannot invoke any memory-management functions. By "memory-management" we specifically mean those operations that allocate or deallocate memory, so no calls to malloc , realloc , free , calloc , sbrk , brk , mmap , or related variants. The use of other library functions is fine, e.g. memmove and memset can be used as they do not allocate or deallocate memory.
• You will need to use a small number of global variables / data, but limited to at most 500 bytes in total . This restriction dictates the bulk of the heap housekeeping must be stored within the heap segment itself.
• You must have an implemented validate_heap function that thoroughly checks the heap data structures and state and returns whether or not any problems were found (see next section).
• You must have an implemented dump_heap function that prints out a representation of what the heap currently looks like (see next section).

validate_heap

The test harness is written to look for external issues/inconsistencies in an allocator, but it cannot peer inside the allocator to check its internal state to make sure it's correct. For instance, the test harness may alert you to the allocator returning NULL, but it may not be able to notice that this was due to the doubly-linked free list getting corrupted a few requests back. To help identify these internal issues, you should implement the validate_heap helper function; it is a function that can check for issues with internal heap allocator state. The test harness calls this function periodically, so if something goes wrong you can be alerted at the exact moment it happens. When implementing validate_heap , don't repeat the checks the test harness already does for you, but instead augment them by reviewing the internal consistency of the heap. You should write your implementation of validate_heap as you implement each allocator feature - you should not just go back and add it at the end! As your heap data structures become more complex, validate_heap should become more sophisticated to match them.

To provide some examples, your validate_heap might walk the entire heap and verify such things as:

• Does the housekeeping information (location, size, free status) for each block appear reasonable? Is all of the heap segment accounted for?
• For your explicit allocator, is every block in the free list marked as free? Is every block marked free listed on the free list? Is each listed only once?
• For your explicit allocator, have adjacent free blocks been coalesced according to your policy?
• Are redundancies in the data structures consistent, e.g. does the count of free blocks match the length of the free list, or the total bytes in-use match the sum of in-use block sizes?

A strong implementation looks for potential issues and reports only on failures. You should not, for example, dump a printout of the entire heap to then manually look through for potential issues. That is something that dump_heap (see next section) can do.

Tip 1 : We provide a breakpoint() function (see debug_break.h ) that will force a stop in the debugger. You may want to call this function from your validate_heap when it detects something is incorrect.

Tip 2: The more comprehensive and thorough checks done by validate_heap , the more useful it will be to you. A good validate_heap will also be slow -- do not be at all concerned about this, this function is a development/debugging aid, there is no desire for it to be efficient and it will not be invoked during any performance measurements.

While debugging, it is very useful to be able to see what the layout of the heap (e.g. free blocks, allocated blocks, etc.) looks like at any given point in time. The dump_heap function is a helper function that should do this - it is a function that is not called anywhere in the code, but is useful to call from within GDB (using call ) while you are working to print out the current contents of your heap. Like validate_heap , it is an extremely useful tool to gather information, distinguish between a valid and invalid heap configuration and pinpoint the exact moment the heap got out of whack. The bump allocator provides an example dump heap implementation - for your allocators, you should implement your own dump heap function that, for instance, traverses the heap and prints out information about each block (e.g. info in its header, where the next/previous free blocks are in your explicit allocator, etc.), one block per line. This can show you what your heap structure looks like overall, which blocks are allocated vs. free, what size different blocks are, etc.

1) Implement An Implicit Free List Allocator

Now you're ready to implement your first heap allocator design. The specific features that your implicit free list allocator must support are:

• Headers that track block information (size, status in-use or free) - you must use the header design mentioned in lecture that is 8 bytes big, using any of the least significant 3 bits to store the status
• Free blocks that are recycled and reused for subsequent malloc requests if possible
• A malloc implementation that searches the heap for free blocks via an implicit list (i.e. traverses block-by-block).

Your implicit free list allocator is not required to:

• implement any coalescing of freed blocks (the explicit allocator will do this)
• support in-place realloc (the explicit allocator will do this); for realloc requests you may satisfy the request by moving the memory to another location
• use a footer, as done in the textbook
• resize the heap when out of memory. If your allocator runs out of memory, it should indicate that to the client.

This allocator won't be that zippy of a performer but recycling freed nodes should certainly improve utilization over the bump allocator.

The bulleted list above indicates the minimum specification that you are required to implement. Further details are intentionally unspecified as we leave these design decisions up to you; this means it is your choice whether you search using first-fit/next-fit/best-fit, and so on. It can be fun to play around with these decisions to see the various effects. Any reasonable and justified choices will be acceptable for grading purposes.

We strongly recommend approaching this incrementally: for instance, start just by implementing myinit and a basic mymalloc , and then test them. Then add myfree , and later myrealloc . You can (and should) test and develop incrementally!

2) Implement An Explicit Free List Allocator

Building on what you learned from writing the implicit version, use the file explicit.c to develop a high-performance allocator that adds an explicit free list as specified in class and in the textbook and includes support for coalescing and in-place realloc.

The specific features that your explicit free list allocator must support:

• Block headers and recycling freed nodes as specified in the implicit implementation (you can copy from your implicit version)
• Note that the header should not be enlarged to add fields for the pointers. Since the list only consists of free blocks, the economical approach is to store those pointers in the otherwise unused payload.
• Malloc should search the explicit list of free blocks
• A freed block should be coalesced with its neighbor block to the right if it is also free. Coalescing a pair of blocks must operate in O(1) time. You should perform this coalescing when a block is freed.
• Realloc should resize a block in-place whenever possible, e.g. if the client is resizing to a smaller size, or neighboring block(s) to its right are free and can be absorbed. Even if an in-place realloc is not possible, you should still absorb adjacent free blocks as much as possible until you either can realloc in place, or can no longer absorb and must reallocate elsewhere.

Your explicit free list allocator is not required to (but may optionally):

• coalesce free blocks to the left or otherwise merge blocks to the left
• coalesce more than once for a free block. In other words, if you free a block and there are multiple free blocks directly to its right, you are only required to coalesce once for the first two. However, for realloc you should support in place realloc which may need to absorb multiple blocks to its right.

This allocator should result in further small gains in utilization and a big boost in speed over the implicit version. You will end up with a pretty snappy allocator that is also strong on utilization -- an impressive accomplishment!

Performance and Efficiency

Note: do not use Valgrind memtool (the memory tool we have used up to this point) on this assignment. It looks only at the standard heap allocator, not your custom one, and its complaints may needlessly worry you. You can run the test harness under Valgrind callgrind (the profiling tool) for measuring instruction counts.

Utilization

You can achieve higher utilization by more effectively packing blocks into the heap segment so as to accommodate more payload data and correspondingly have less overhead/fragmentation. The test harness computes the utilization per-script and reports the average utilization over a set of scripts. The per-script utilization is calculated as the ratio of the peak payload divided by the total segment space used to accommodate that payload data. Utilization ranges from 0% to 100%. The achieved utilization depends on the script; a certain tough script might have utilization down near 30%, while another script might achieve a near perfect packing of 95%. If utilization averages out at > 50% overall, you're doing great!

Instruction Count

For your explicit allocator only (you are not required to do this for implicit), you should also pay attention to instruction counts, which relate to your allocator servicing requests quickly. Callgrind is just the tool for the job; as seen in lab7 , it allows you to count the number of instructions executed (lower is better).

To get measurements for your allocator, run the test harness under callgrind and use the toggle-collect flag to limit the data collection to your allocator functions like this:

The above command runs the bump allocator on the named script and asks callgrind to count the total number of instructions executed within the my- functions. It will write a callgrind.out.pid (pid is the number of the process) file to be used with callgrind_annotate to get fine-grained information about the work done per-function and per-line.

Note : if a test script runs fine outside of callgrind, but when you run the same script under callgrind it takes an extremely long time to run, perhaps you’re not observing the bulk of the instructions somehow. For instance, the provided callgrind commands use the toggle-collect flag to measure only malloc / realloc / free - it doesn’t measure things like myinit , for example, which you can add to the measurements when you run callgrind to see if there are any bottlenecks there.

Performance

What are some of the expectations about the performance for the different allocators?

Bump. Given it has no variation in the work it does to service a request, both malloc and free are O(1) for bump. We clocked the bump allocator processing each malloc in about 35 instructions at -O0 (and reduced to just under 10 when compiled -O2, wow!). These counts are untouchably speedy, but the consequence of its fast service is extremely poor utilization.

Implicit free list. To service a malloc request, this allocator searches the implicit list. The implicit free list can achieve average utilization in the most satisfying 60% range over the pattern/trace scripts, as these workloads benefit from the recycling that implicit does. Hitting above 50% utilization is a very respectable achievement for any allocator!

Explicit free list. In its best-case scenario (free block found right away), malloc can be about 50 instructions. In the worst-case, search bogs down to O(N), but this is linear in the number of free blocks , not the total number of blocks. Coalescing a pair of blocks should be O(1), likely on the order of about 30 instructions. This work may be counted in your free/malloc/realloc depending on your design. For some workloads, the more aggressive recycling will lead to even higher utilization for explicit than implicit, but on average, it will be in a comparable range.

Realloc is a slippery operation to measure. If a block is being resized in place, it can be fast to service (about 30 instructions), but otherwise it incurs sum of counts for malloc+memcpy+free. Copying the payload data likely dominates the total cost, so the count of instructions varies based on block size.

The numbers above give you a general sense of what is possible, but are not intended as absolute requirements. These counts were taken from a simple implementation of the minimum requirements with little effort at optimizing other than compiling at -O2 . Your instruction counts might be a bit higher, and that's fine. If you work to get your counts lower, even better!

Note : Rather than get hung up on absolute numbers, focus your attention instead on what you can learn from relative comparisons. For example, comparing the performance of two different allocators on the same workload allows you to observe the contrast between two approaches. Comparing an allocator to itself before/after a design/code change allows you to measure the impact of that change. Comparing an allocator to itself on a variety of workloads shows its strengths/weakness in different scenarios.

Compiler Optimizations

Once you have completed and thoroughly tested your implementation, feel free to change the top part of the Makefile to tell gcc to more aggressively optimize your code. While still in active development, using -O0 generates code that is much easier to debug, but once you're working on performance, experiment with more aggressive levels and options, such as -O2 . We will compile your allocator using the setting from your submitted Makefile, so be sure to submit with the flags configured to work best for your code. Remember, however, that optimizing transformations make the assembly much less of a literal rendition of the C, so stepping through it may appear to jump through the code erratically and show unexpected results. NOTE: make doesn't detect changes to the Makefile itself, so after changing the Makefile, run make clean and then make to recompile.

Code Quality

• Write helper functions. There will be a few vital expressions that are heavily-repeated, such as going back and forth between a payload pointer and its header or advancing from one header to the next. Even though these expressions are one-liners, they are complicated, dense, pointer-laden one-liners. Move these expressions into tiny shared helpers so you can write them correctly once!
• Pointee types should communicate the truth. If you know the type of a pointer, declare it with its specific type. Use void* only if the pointee type is not known or can vary. Conversely, don't declare what should be a void* pointer with a specific pointee type, as this misleads the reader and compiler into thinking it's something that it's not.
• Structs and typedefs are your friend. defining structs for groups of data can help make your code cleaner and easier to read. Plus, you can cast to a struct to make it easier to manipulate data. Moreover, you can use typedef by itself to declare a custom variable type that is really something else, e.g. typdef int custom_type; , to declare custom_type that is really an int . Here's an example of where a struct might be useful; say we have the following struct:

Let's say we had a pointer to memory that stores an int , long and char * together, just like this struct, and we wanted to change one of the fields. Without structs it might look something like this:

If we instead made a struct pointer pointing to this area of memory, it is much easier:

Having a struct lets us much more easily access each individual field because the struct definition declares what data is stored and in what order.

• Be wary of typecasts. Typecasts are not to be thrown about indiscriminately. Your typecast defeats the type system and coerces the compiler to go along with it without complaint. Before introducing one, consider: why is this cast necessary? what happens if it is not present? is there a safer way to communicate my intention? how might I work within the type system rather than against it?
• Decompose for the win . A page-long malloc or realloc can be overwhelming. Break it down into tasks: finding a block, updating the housekeeping, etc.
• Names matter . Choose good names for your fields and functions. A vague name such as size forces you to repeatedly ponder whether it tracks the payload size or total block size (included the header), and what units it uses (bytes? etc.). Always use descriptive variable names.
• Avoid co-mingling of signed/unsigned types. The standard malloc interface takes its arguments as a size_t , which is an unsigned long . Careless co-mingling of signed and unsigned types and being sloppy about bitwidth can lead to unexpected troubles (as you saw in the recent assignment), so be thoughtful and consistent.
• Coding for efficiency . Our grading priorities typically de-emphasize efficiency. We designate a few points for meeting the "reasonable efficiency" benchmark and focus more on hacky algorithms, code duplication, lack of decomposition, unnecessary special cases, and other choices that make for ugly code. The priorities shift somewhat when efficiency is in play. The ideal is streamlined code that is also clean and high-quality, but should you have to sacrifice a bit on quality in the name of performance, only do so if the performance gain you're getting is measurably important and there is no elegant way to get the same boost.

Answer the following two questions in your readme:

For one of your allocators (either implicit or explicit), address the following in 1-2 paragraphs:

• describe two design decisions you made for the allocator and why you made those choices. E.g. how did you design and represent your header and payload? How do you search for free blocks? etc.
• Provide one example of a scenario (e.g. a specific pattern of requests, a specific size of request, etc.) where your allocator would show strong performance, and another example of a scenario where your allocator would show weaker performance, and explain why.
• Also describe one attempt you made at optimizing your explicit allocator other than changing the compiler flags .

For this assignment, we mention that we will not test with improper requests, and there is no requirement on how to handle improper requests. However, improper heap requests are a common source of bugs (and by this point, everyone in CS107 has likely had a few errors due to misuse of heap memory!). They are also a common source of vulnerabilities , as we saw in the lecture on malloc / realloc / free . For one of your allocators (either implicit or explicit), pick two assumptions that your heap allocator makes about the client's behavior and, with your knowledge of your allocator, explain what would happen if the client violated those assumptions. E.g. what would be overwritten? Would your allocator crash? etc. Your assumptions should be about mymalloc , myrealloc , or myfree (and not myinit ).

As you finish your readme, we have one final question to ask you:

What would you like to tell us about your quarter in CS107? Of what are you particularly proud: the effort you put into the quarter? the results you obtained? the process you followed? what you learned along the way? Tell us about it! We are not scoring this question, but wanted to give you a chance to share your closing thoughts before you move on to the next big thing.

Sanity Check

Custom sanity check is configured to gather instruction count statistics. It runs the allocator under callgrind - you'll learn more about that in lab7 - to get the total instruction count and divides by the number of requests to report the average instruction count per request. In your custom_tests file, each line should be an allocator test on a script:

Running tools/sanitycheck custom_tests will report the average instruction count for each such test listed in your custom_tests file.

Once you are finished working and have saved all your changes, check out the guide to working on assignments for how to submit your work. We recommend you do a trial submit in advance of the deadline to allow time to work through any snags. You may submit as many times as you would like; we will grade the latest submission. Submitting a stable but unpolished/unfinished version is like an insurance policy. If the unexpected happens and you miss the deadline to submit your final version, this previous submit will earn points. Without a submission, we cannot grade your work.

We would also appreciate if you filled out this homework survey to tell us what you think once you submit. We appreciate your feedback!

Here is the tentative point breakdown for this assignment:

Functionality (122 points)

• Sanity/sample scripts (36 points) Correct results on the default sanity check tests and published sample scripts. (18 points per allocator) (Note: the provided sanity check tests may not map 1:1 to grading tests, but they still cover functionality that is also tested in the grading tests)
• Comprehensive/performance (42 points) Fulfillment of the specific implicit/explicit requirements and correct servicing of additional sequences of mixed requests. The performance expectations are fairly modest and intended to verify that the allocator correctly implements the required features. (20 points for implicit, 22 for explicit)
• Robustness (22 points) Handling of required unusual/edge conditions (request too large, malloc 0 bytes, etc.) (10 points for implicit, 12 points for explicit)
• Clean compile (2 points) We expect your code to compile cleanly without warnings.
• readme.txt . (10 points) The readme questions will be graded on the thoughtfulness and completeness of your answers. (5 points per response)
• validate_heap (7 points) We will evaluate the usefulness and thoroughness of your validate heap function
• dump_heap (3 points) Your dump heap function should print out a useful textual representation of the heap, and not just be a copy of the provided dump_heap

Code quality (buckets weighted to contribute roughly 20 points)

Codecheck: Part of your style / code review score will be dependent on having no code issues when run through the codecheck tool. Make sure to run it to ensure your code adheres to all necessary guidelines!

The grader's code review is scored into a bucket per assignment part (implicit, explicit, validate heap) to emphasize the qualitative features of the review over the quantitative. The styleguide is a great overall resource for good program style. Here are some highlights for this assignment:

• We expect your allocator code to be clean and readable. We will look for descriptive names, helpful comments, and consistent layout. We expect your code to show thoughtful design and appropriate decomposition. Control flow should be clear and direct. We expect common code to be factored out and unified. Complex tasks or tricky expressions that are repeated should be decomposed into shared helpers. See the style guide on the assignments page for more information.
• The code review will also assess the thoroughness and quality of your validate_heap routines, and whether you implemented a dump_heap function.
• Codecheck compliance . We will be running your code through codecheck and verifying that there are no issues present.

Post-Assignment Check-in

How did the assignment go for you? We encourage you to take a moment to reflect on how far you've come and what new knowledge and skills you have to take forward. Once you finish this assignment, you will have put all your hard work this quarter in CS107 towards implementing a crucial tool in program execution, and one that at the start of the quarter you took for granted. Completing this assignment requires use of pointer skills, memory manipulation, assembly optimization, and more - an amazing accomplishment. It's definitely time to celebrate! Congratulations on an awesome quarter!

To help you gauge your progress, for each assignment/lab, we identify some of its takeaways and offer a few thought questions you can use as a self-check on your post-task understanding. If you find the responses don't come easily, it may be a sign a little extra review is warranted. These questions are not to be handed in or graded. You're encouraged to freely discuss these with your peers and course staff to solidify any gaps in you understanding before moving on from a task. They could also be useful as review before the exams.

• What are the main challenges in making malloc fast? What makes for a fast free?
• Explain the difference between internal and external fragmentation. Which is the greater threat to utilization?
• True or False: If you have built a super-fast malloc and free, implementing realloc in terms of those operations will also be super-fast.
• Throughput and utilization are often viewed in opposition. How might improved throughput come at the expense of lowered utilization (or vice versa). Are there choices that lead to wins in both?