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10 Current Database Research Topic Ideas in 2024

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As we head towards the second half of 2024, the world of technology evolves at a rapid pace. With the rise of AI and blockchain, the demand for data, its management and the need for security increases rapidly. A logical consequence of these changes is the way fields like database security research topics and DBMS research have come up as the need of the hour.

With new technologies and techniques emerging day-by-day, staying up-to-date with the latest trends in database research topics is crucial. Whether you are a student, researcher, or industry professional, we recommend taking our Database Certification courses to stay current with the latest research topics in DBMS.

In this blog post, we will introduce you to 10 current database research topic ideas that are likely to be at the forefront of the field in 2024. From blockchain-based database systems to real-time data processing with in-memory databases, these topics offer a glimpse into the exciting future of database research.

So, get ready to dive into the exciting world of databases and discover the latest developments in database research topics of 2024!

Blurring the Lines between Blockchains and Database Systems 

The intersection of blockchain technology and database systems offers fertile new grounds to anyone interested in database research.

As blockchain gains popularity, many thesis topics in DBMS[1] are exploring ways to integrate both fields. This research will yield innovative solutions for data management. Here are 3 ways in which these two technologies are being combined to create powerful new solutions:

Immutable Databases: By leveraging blockchain technology, it’s possible to create databases to be immutable. Once data has been added to such a database, it cannot be modified or deleted. This is particularly useful in situations where data integrity is critical, such as in financial transactions or supply chain management.

Decentralized Databases: Blockchain technology enables the creation of decentralized databases. Here data is stored on a distributed network of computers rather than in a central location. This can help to improve data security and reduce the risk of data loss or corruption.

Smart Contracts: Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. By leveraging blockchain technology, it is possible to create smart contracts that are stored and executed on a decentralized database, making it possible to automate a wide range of business processes.

Childhood Obesity: Data Management 

Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern, with rates of obesity among children and adolescents rising around the world. To address this issue, it’s crucial to have access to comprehensive data on childhood obesity. Analyzing information on prevalence, risk factors, and interventions is a popular research topic in DBMS these days.

Effective data management is essential for ensuring that this information is collected, stored, and analyzed in a way that is useful and actionable. This is one of the hottest DBMS research paper topics. In this section, we will explore the topic of childhood obesity data management.

A key challenge to childhood obesity data management is ensuring data consistency. This is difficult as various organizations have varied methods for measuring and defining obesity. For example:

Some may use body mass index (BMI) as a measure of obesity.

Others may use waist circumference or skinfold thickness.   Another challenge is ensuring data security and preventing unauthorized access. To protect the privacy and confidentiality of individuals, it is important to ensure appropriate safeguards are in place. This calls for database security research and appropriate application.

Application of Computer Database Technology in Marketing

Leveraging data and analytics allows businesses to gain a competitive advantage in this digitized world today. With the rising demand for data, the use of computer databases in marketing has gained prominence.

The application of database capabilities in marketing has really come into its own as one of the most popular and latest research topics in DBMS[2]. In this section, we will explore how computer database technology is being applied in marketing, and the benefits this research can offer.

Customer Segmentation: Storage and analysis of customer data makes it possible to gain valuable insights. It allows businesses to identify trends in customer behavior, preferences and demographics. This information can be utilized to create highly targeted customer segments. This is how businesses can tailor their marketing efforts to specific groups of customers.

Personalization: Computer databases can be used to store and analyze customer data in real-time. In this way, businesses can personalize their marketing and offers based on individual customer preferences. This can help increase engagement and loyalty among customers, thereby driving greater revenue for businesses.

Predictive Analytics: Advanced analytics techniques such as machine learning and predictive modeling can throw light on patterns in customer behavior. This can even be used to predict their future actions. This information can be used to create more targeted marketing campaigns, and to identify opportunities for cross-selling and upselling.

Database Technology in Sports Competition Information Management

Database technology has revolutionized the way in which sports competition information is managed and analyzed. With the increasing popularity of sports around the world, there is a growing need for effective data management systems that can collect, store, and analyze large volumes of relevant data. Thus, researching database technologies[3] is vital to streamlining operations, improving decision-making, and enhancing the overall quality of events.

Sports organizations can use database technology to collect and manage a wide range of competition-related data such as: 

Athlete and team information,

competition schedules and results,

performance metrics, and

spectator feedback.

Collating this data in a distributed database lets sports organizations easily analyze and derive valuable insights. This is emerging as a key DBMS research paper topic.

Database Technology for the Analysis of Spatio-temporal Data

Spatio-temporal data refers to data which has a geographic as well as a temporal component. Meteorological readings, GPS data, and social media content are prime examples of this diverse field. This data can provide valuable insights into patterns and trends across space and time. However, its multidimensional nature makes analysis be super challenging. It’s no surprise that this has become a hot topic for distributed database research[4].

In this section, we will explore how database technology is being used to analyze spatio-temporal data, and the benefits this research offers.

Data Storage and Retrieval: Spatio-temporal data tends to be very high-volume. Advances in database technology are needed to make storage, retrieval and consumption of such information more efficient. A solution to this problem will make such data more available. It will then be easily retrievable and usable by a variety of data analytics tools.

Spatial Indexing: Database technology can create spatial indexes to enable faster queries on spatio-temporal data. This allows analysts to quickly retrieve data for specific geographic locations or areas of interest, and to analyze trends across these areas.

Temporal Querying: Distributed database research can also enable analysts to analyze data over specific time periods. This facilitates the identification of patterns over time. Ultimately, this enhances our understanding of how these patterns evolve over various seasons.

Artificial Intelligence and Database Technology

Artificial intelligence (AI) is another sphere of technology that’s just waiting to be explored. It hints at a wealth of breakthroughs which can change the entire world. It’s unsurprising that the combination of AI with database technology is such a hot topic for database research papers[5] in modern times. 

By using AI to analyze data, organizations can identify patterns and relationships that might not be apparent through traditional data analysis methods. In this section, we will explore some of the ways in which AI and database technology are being used together. We’ll also discuss the benefits that this amalgamation can offer.

Predictive Analytics: By analyzing large volumes of organizational and business data, AI can generate predictive models to forecast outcomes. For example, AI can go through customer data stored in a database and predict who is most likely to make a purchase in the near future.

Natural Language Processing: All businesses have huge, untapped wells of valuable information in the form of customer feedback and social media posts. These types of data sources are unstructured, meaning they don’t follow rigid parameters. By using natural language processing (NLP) techniques, AI can extract insights from this data. This helps organizations understand customer sentiment, preferences and needs.

Anomaly Detection: AI can be used to analyze large volumes of data to identify anomalies and outliers. Then, a second round of analysis can be done to pinpoint potential problems or opportunities. For example, AI can analyze sensor data from manufacturing equipment and detect when equipment is operating outside of normal parameters.

Data Collection and Management Techniques of a Qualitative Research Plan

Any qualitative research calls for the collection and management of empirical data. A crucial part of the research process, this step benefits from good database management techniques. Let’s explore some thesis topics in database management systems[6] to ensure the success of a qualitative research plan.

Interviews: This is one of the most common methods of data collection in qualitative research. Interviews can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing. A standardized interview guide ensures the data collected is reliable and accurate. Relational databases, with their inherent structure, aid in this process. They are a way to enforce structure onto the interviews’ answers.

Focus Groups: Focus groups involve gathering a small group of people to discuss a particular topic. These generate rich data by allowing participants to share their views in a group setting. It is important to select participants who have knowledge or experience related to the research topic.

Observations: Observations involve observing and recording events in a given setting. These can be conducted openly or covertly, depending on the research objective and setting. To ensure that the data collected is accurate, it is important to develop a detailed observation protocol that outlines what behaviors or events to observe, how to record data, and how to handle ethical issues.

Database Technology in Video Surveillance System 

Video surveillance systems are used to monitor and secure public spaces, workplaces, even homes. With the increasing demand for such systems, it’s important to have an efficient and reliable way to store, manage and analyze the data generated. This is where database topics for research paper [7] come in.

By using database technology in video surveillance systems, it is possible to store and manage large amounts of video data efficiently. Database management systems (DBMS) can be used to organize video data in a way that is easily searchable and retrievable. This is particularly important in cases where video footage is needed as evidence in criminal investigations or court cases.

In addition to storage and management, database technology can also be used to analyze video data. For example, machine learning algorithms can be applied to video data to identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate suspicious activity. This can help law enforcement agencies and security personnel to identify and respond to potential threats more quickly and effectively.

Application of Java Technology in Dynamic Web Database Technology 

Java technology has proven its flexibility, scalability, and ease of use over the decades. This makes it widely used in the development of dynamic web database applications. In this section, we will explore research topics in DBMS[8] which seek to apply Java technology in databases.

Java Server Pages (JSP): JSP is a Java technology that is used to create dynamic web pages that can interact with databases. It allows developers to embed Java code within HTML scripts, thereby enabling dynamic web pages. These can interact with databases in real-time, and aid in data collection and maintenance.

Java Servlets: Java Servlets are Java classes used to extend the functionality of web servers. They provide a way to handle incoming requests from web browsers and generate dynamic content that can interact with databases.

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC): JDBC is a Java API that provides a standard interface for accessing databases. It allows Java applications to connect to databases. It can SQL queries to enhance, modify or control the backend database. This enables developers to create dynamic web applications.

Online Multi Module Educational Administration System Based on Time Difference Database Technology 

With the widespread adoption of remote learning post-COVID, online educational systems are gaining popularity at a rapid pace. A ubiquitous challenge these systems face is managing multiple modules across different time zones. This is one of the latest research topics in database management systems[9].

Time difference database technology is designed to handle time zone differences in online systems. By leveraging this, it’s possible to create a multi-module educational administration system that can handle users from different parts of the world, with different time zones.

This type of system can be especially useful for online universities or other educational institutions that have a global reach:

It makes it possible to schedule classes, assignments and other activities based on the user's time zone, ensuring that everyone can participate in real-time.

In addition to managing time zones, a time difference database system can also help manage student data, course materials, grades, and other important information.

Why is it Important to Study Databases?

Databases are the backbone of many modern technologies and applications, making it essential for professionals in various fields to understand how they work. Whether you're a software developer, data analyst or a business owner, understanding databases is critical to success in today's world. Here are a few reasons why it is important to study databases and more database topics for research paper should be published:

Efficient Data Management

Databases enable the efficient storage, organization, and retrieval of data. By studying databases, you can learn how to design and implement effective data management systems that can help organizations store, analyze, and use data efficiently.

Improved Decision-Making

Data is essential for making informed decisions, and databases provide a reliable source of data for analysis. By understanding databases, you can learn how to retrieve and analyze data to inform business decisions, identify trends, and gain insights.

Career Opportunities

In today's digital age, many career paths require knowledge of databases. By studying databases, you can open up new career opportunities in software development, data analysis, database administration and related fields.

Needless to say, studying databases is essential for anyone who deals with data. Whether you're looking to start a new career or enhance your existing skills, studying databases is a critical step towards success in today's data-driven world.

Final Takeaways

In conclusion, as you are interested in database technology, we hope this blog has given you some insights into the latest research topics in the field. From blockchain to AI, from sports to marketing, there are a plethora of exciting database topics for research papers that will shape the future of database technology.

As technology continues to evolve, it is essential to stay up-to-date with the latest trends in the field of databases. Our curated KnowledgeHut Database Certification Courses will help you stay ahead of the curve and develop new skills.

We hope this blog has inspired you to explore the exciting world of database research in 2024. Stay curious and keep learning!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

There are several examples of databases, with the five most common ones being:

MySQL : An open-source RDBMS used commonly in web applications.

Microsoft SQL Server : A popular RDBMS used in enterprise environments.

Oracle : A trusted commercial RDBMS famous for its high-scalability and security.

MongoDB : A NoSQL document-oriented database optimized for storing large amounts of unstructured data.

PostgreSQL : An open-source RDBMS offering advanced features like high concurrency and support for multiple data types.

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a high-level language designed to communicate with relational databases. It’s not a database in and of itself. Rather, it’s a language used to create, modify, and retrieve data from relational databases such as MySQL and Oracle.

A primary key is a column (or a set of columns) that uniquely identifies each row in a table. In technical terms, the primary key is a unique identifier of records. It’s used as a reference to establish relationships between various tables.

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40 List of DBMS Project Topics and Ideas

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A Capstone project is the last project of an IT degree program. It is made up of one or more research projects in which students create prototypes, services, and/or products. The projects are organized around an issue that needs to be handled in real-world scenarios. When IT departments want to test new ideas or concepts that will be adopted into their daily operations, they implement these capstone projects within their services.

In this article, our team has compiled a list of Database Management System Project Topics and Ideas. The capstone projects listed below will assist future researchers in deciding which capstone project idea to pursue. Future researchers may find the information in this page useful in coming up with unique capstone project ideas.

  • Telemedicine Online Platform Database Design

  “Telemedicine Online Platform” is designed to allow doctors to deliver clinical support to patients remotely. Doctors can communicate with their patients in real-time for consultations, diagnoses, monitoring, and medical supply prescriptions. The project will be developed using the SDLC method by the researchers. The researchers will also compile a sample of hospital doctors and patients who will act as study participants. A panel of IT specialists will review, test, and assess the project.

  • Virtual and Remote Guidance Counselling System Database Design

Counseling is a vital component of a person’s life since it aids in the improvement of interpersonal relationships. Humans must cease ignoring this issue because it is essential for the development of mental wellness. The capstone project “Virtual and Remote Guidance Counselling System,” which covers the gap in giving counseling in stressful situations, was built for this reason. It answers to the requirement to fill in the gaps in the traditional technique and make it more effective and immersive in this way.

  • COVID-19 Facilities Management Information System Database Design

COVID – 19 has put people in fear due to its capability of transmission when exposed to the virus. The health sectors and the government provide isolation facilities for COVID-19 patients to mitigate the spread and transmission of the virus. However, proper communication for the availability of the facilities is inefficient resulting to surge of patients in just one facility and some are transferred multiple times due to unavailability. The COVID-19 respondents must have an advance tools to manage the COVID-19 facilities where respondents can easily look for available facilities to cater more patients.

  • Document Tracking System Database Design

The capstone project, “Document Tracking System” is purposely designed for companies and organizations that allow them to electronically store and track documents. The system will track the in/out of the documents across different departments. The typical way of tracking documents is done using the manual approach. The staff will call or personally ask for updates about the documents which are time-consuming and inefficient.

  • Face Recognition Application Database Design

Technology has grown so fast; it changes the way we do our daily tasks. Technology has made our daily lives easier. The capstone project, entitled “Face Recognition Attendance System” is designed to automate checking and recording of students’ attendance during school events using face recognition technology. The system will work by storing the student’s information along with their photographs in a server and the system will detect the faces of the students during school events and match it and verify to record the presence or absence of the student.

  • Digital Wallet Solution Database Design

The capstone project, named “Digital Wallet Solution,” is intended to allow people to store money online and make payments online. The digital wallet transactions accept a variety of currencies and provide a variety of payment gateways via which the user can pay for products and services. The system allows users to conduct secure and convenient online financial transactions. It will speed up payment and other financial processes, reducing the amount of time and effort required to complete them.

  • Virtual Online Tour Application Database Design

The usage of technology is an advantage in the business industry, especially during this challenging pandemic. It allows businesses to continue to operate beyond physicality. The capstone project entitled “Virtual Online Tour Application” is designed as a platform to streamline virtual tours for clients. Any business industry can use the system to accommodate and provide their clients with a virtual experience of their business. For example, the tourist industry and real estate agencies can use the system to provide a virtual tour to their clients about the tourist locations and designs of properties, respectively.

  • Invoice Management System Database Design

The researchers will create a system that will make it easier for companies to manage and keep track of their invoice information. The company’s sales records, payables, and total invoice records will all be electronically managed using this project. Technology is highly used for business operations and transactions automation. The capstone project, entitled “Invoice Management System” is designed to automate the management of the company’s invoice records. The said project will help companies to have an organized, accurate, and reliable record that will help them track their sales and finances.

  • Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Management System Database Design

Information Technology has become an integral part of any kind of business in terms of automating business operations and transactions. The capstone project, entitled “Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Management System” is designed for vehicle repair and maintenance management automation. The said project will automate the vehicle garage’s operations and daily transactions. The system will automate operations such as managing vehicle repair and maintenance records, invoice records, customer records, transaction records, billing and payment records, and transaction records.

  • Transcribe Medical Database Design

Information technology has made everything easier and simpler, including transcribing the medical diagnosis of patients. The capstone project, entitled “Medical Transcription Platform,” is designed to allow medical transcriptionists to transcribe audio of medical consultations and diagnose patients in a centralized manner. A medical transcriptionist is vital to keep accurate and credible medical records of patients and can be used by other doctors to know the patients’ medical history. The said project will serve as a platform where transcribed medical audios are stored for safekeeping and easy retrieval.

  • Multi-branch Travel Agency and Booking System Database Design

The capstone project, entitled “Multi-Branch Travel Agency and Booking System,” is designed as a centralized platform wherein multiple travel agency branches are registered to ease and simplify inquiries and booking of travels and tour packages by clients. The said project will allow travel agencies to operate a business in an easy, fast manner considering the convenience and safety of their clients. The system will enable travel agencies and their clients to have a seamless online transaction.

  • Pharmacy Stocks Management Database Design

The capstone project “Pharmacy Stocks Management System” allows pharmacies to manage and monitor their stocks of drugs electronically. The Pharmacy Stocks Management System will automate inventory to help ensure that the pharmacy has enough stock of medications and supplies to serve the needs of the patients.

  • Loan Management with SMS Database Design

The capstone project entitled “ Loan Management System with SMS ” is an online platform that allows members to apply and request loan. In addition, they can also monitor their balance in their respective dashboard. Management of cooperative will review first the application for approval or disapproval of the request. Notification will be send through the SMS or short messaging service feature of the system.

  • Service Call Management System Database Design

The capstone project, entitled ” Service Call Management System,” is designed to transform service calls to a centralized platform. The said project would allow clients to log in and lodge calls to the tech support if they encountered issues and difficulties with their purchased products. The tech support team will diagnose the issue and provide them with the necessary actions to perform via a call to solve the problem and achieve satisfaction.

  • File Management with Approval Process Database Design

The File Management System provides a platform for submitting, approving, storing, and retrieving files. Specifically, the capstone project is for the file management of various business organizations. This is quite beneficial in the management and organization of the files of every department. Installation of the system on an intranet is possible, as is uploading the system to a live server, from which the platform can be viewed online and through the use of a browser.

  • Beauty Parlor Management System Database Design

The capstone project entitled “Beauty Parlour Management System” is an example of transactional processing system that focuses on the records and process of a beauty parlour. This online application will help the management to keep and manage their transactions in an organize, fast and efficient manner.

  • Exam Management System Database Design

Information technology plays a significant role in the teaching and learning process of teachers and students, respectively. IT offers a more efficient and convenient way for teachers and students to learn and assess learnings. The capstone project, “Exam Management System,” is designed to allow electronic management of all the information about the exam questions, courses and subjects, and teachers and students. The said project is an all-in-one platform for student exam management.

  • Student and Faculty Clearance Database Design

The capstone project, entitled “Student and Faculty Clearance System,” is designed to automate students and faculty clearance processes. The approach is intended to make the clearance procedure easier while also guaranteeing that approvals are accurate and complete. The project works by giving every Department involved access to the application. The proposed scheme can eliminate the specified challenges, streamline the process, and verify the integrity and correctness of the data.

  • Vehicle Parking Management System Database Design

The capstone project entitled “ Vehicle Parking Management System ” is an online platform that allows vehicle owners to request or reserve a slot for parking space. Management can accept and decline the request of reservation. In addition, payment option is also part of the system feature but is limited to on-site payment.

  • Hospital Resources and Room Utilization Database Design

The capstone project, “Hospital Resources and Room Utilization Management System” is a system designed to streamline the process of managing hospital resources and room utilization. The said project is critical especially now that we are facing a pandemic, there is a need for efficient management of hospital resources and room management. The management efficiency will prevent a shortage in supplies and overcrowding of patients in the hospitals.

  • Church Event Management System Database Design

The capstone project entitled “Church Event Management System” is designed to be used by church organizations in creating and managing different church events. The conventional method of managing church events is done manually where members of organizations will face difficulties due to physical barriers and time constraints.

  • CrowdFunding Platform Database Design

Business financing is critical for new business ventures. In this study, the researchers concentrate on designing and developing a business financing platform that is effective for new startups. This capstone project, entitled “Crowdfunding Platform” is a website that allows entrepreneurs to campaign their new business venture to attract investors and crowdfund.

  • Vehicle Franchising and Drivers Offense Software Database Design

The proposed software will be used to electronically process and manage vehicle and franchising and driver’s offenses. The proposed software will eliminate the manual method which involves a lot of paper works and consumes valuable amount of time. The proposed project will serve as a centralized platform was recording and paying for the offenses committed by the drivers will be processed. The system will quicken the process of completing transaction between the enforcers and the drivers. Vehicle franchising and managing driver offenses will be easy, fast and convenient using the system.

  • Student Tracking Performance Database Design

The capstone project entitled “Student Academic Performance Tracking and Monitoring System” allows academic institutions to monitor and gather data about the academic performance of students where decisions are derived to further improve the students learning outcomes. Tracking and monitoring student’s performance serves a vital role in providing information that is used to assist students, teachers, administrators, and policymakers in making decisions that will further improve the academic performance of students.

  • Webinar Course Management System Database Design

The capstone project, entitled “Webinar Course Management System,” is designed to automate managing webinar courses. The project aims to eliminate the current method, which is inefficient and inconvenient for parties involved in the webinar. A software development life cycle (SDLC) technique will be used by the researchers in order to build this project. They will gather a sample size of participating webinar members and facilitators to serve as respondents of the study.

  • Online Birth Certificate Processing System with SMS Notification Database Design

The capstone project, “Online Birth Certificate Processing System with SMS Notification “ is an IT-based solution that aims to automate the process of requesting, verifying, and approving inquiries for original birth records. The system will eliminate the traditional method and transition the birth certificate processing into an easy, convenient, and efficient manner. The researchers will develop the project following the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) technique.

  • Food Donation Services Database Design

Information technology plays a significant role in automating the operations of many companies to boost efficiency. One of these is the automation of food donation and distribution management. “Food Donation Services,” the capstone project, is intended to serve as a platform for facilitating transactions between food groups, donors, and recipients. Food banks will be able to respond to various food donations and food assistance requests in a timely and effective manner as a result of the project.

  • COVID Profiling Database Design

The capstone project “City COVID-19 Profiling System with Decision Support” is designed to automate the process of profiling COVID-19 patients. The project will empower local health officers in electronically recording and managing COVID-19 patient information such as symptoms, travel history, and other critical details needed to identify patients. Manual profiling is prone to human mistakes, necessitates a lot of paperwork, and needs too much time and effort from the employees.

  • Evacuation Center Database Design

Calamities can have a significant impact on society. It may result in an enormous number of people being evacuated. The local government unit assigned evacuation centers to provide temporary shelter for people during disasters. Evacuation centers are provided to give temporary shelter for the people during and after a calamity. Evacuation centers can be churches, sports stadium community centers, and much more that are capable to provide emergency shelter.

  • QR Code Fare Payment System Database Design

The capstone project, “QR Code Fare Payment System” is designed to automate the procedure of paying for a fare when riding a vehicle. Passengers will register in the system to receive their own QR code, which they will use to pay for their fares by scanning in the system’s QR code scanning page. The project will enable cashless fare payment.

  • Web Based Psychopathology Diagnosis System Database Design

The capstone project entitled “Web-Based Psychopathology Diagnosis System” is designed for patients and medical staff in the field of psychopathology. The system will be a centralized platform to be used by patients and psychopathologists for consultations. The said project will also keep all the records electronically. Mental health is important. Each individual must give importance to their mental health by paying attention to it and seek medical advice if symptoms of mental disorders and unusual behavior occur.

  • Service Marketplace System Database Design

The capstone project, “Services Marketplace System” is designed to serve as a centralized platform for marketing and inquiring about different services. The system will serve as a platform where different service providers and customers will have an automated transaction. Technology made it easier for people to accomplish daily tasks and activities. In the conventional method, customers avail themselves of services by visiting the shop that offers their desired services personally.

  • Fish Catch System Database Design

The capstone project, entitled “Fish Catch Monitoring System” will automate the process of recording and monitoring fish catches. The said project is intended to be used by fisherman and fish markets to accurately record fish catches and will also keep the records electronically safe and secure.

  • Complaints Handling Management System Free Template Database Design

The capstone project, “Complaint Handling Management System” is a system designed to help educational institutions to handle and manage complaints electronically. The system will improve the response time of the school’s management in addressing the complaints of the students, parents, staff, and other stakeholders.

  • Senior Citizen Information System Free Template Database Design

The system will replace the manual method of managing information and records of the senior citizen to an electronic one. The system will serve as a repository of the record of the senior citizen within the scope of a specific local government unit. By using the system, paper works will be lessened and human errors in file handling will be avoided. The system is efficient enough to aid in managing and keeping the records of the senior citizens in the different barangay.

  • Online and SMS-Based Salary Notification Database Design

The “Online and SMS Based Salary Notification” is a capstone project intended to be used by companies and employees to automate the process of notifying salary details. The application will work by allowing the designated company encoder to encode details of salary and the employees to log in to his/her account in the application and have access to the details of his/her salary. One of the beauties of being employed is being paid. Employers manage the employee’s salary and are responsible to discuss with the employees the system of the salary and deductions.

  • Maternal Records Management Database Design

The capstone project, “Maternal Records Management System” is a system that automates the process of recording and keeping maternal records. The said project will allow maternity clinics to track and monitor their patients’ records from pregnancy to their baby’s immunization records.

  • Online Complaint Management System Database Design

Online Complaint Management System is a capstone project that is design to serve as a platform to address complaints and resolve disputes. The system provides an online way of resolving problems faced by the public or people within the organization. The system will make complaints easier to coordinate, monitor, track and resolve.

  • Online Donation Database Design

The capstone project ,  “Online Donation Platform for DSWD” is an online platform for giving and asking donations in the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). The system will be managed by the staffs of the DSWD to verify donors and legible beneficiaries electronically. The system will have an SMS feature to notify the donors and beneficiaries about the status of their request.

  • OJT Timesheet Monitoring System using QR Code Database Design

The capstone project, “OJT Timesheet Monitoring System using QR Code” allows employer to automate timesheet of each trainee for easy monitoring. The system will be used by the on-the-job trainees to serve as their daily time in and out using the QR code generated by the system. The entire system will be managed by the administrator.

Technology is attributed with driving change in a wide range of enterprises and institutions. Because of information technology, the world has altered dramatically. It is difficult to imagine an industry or organization that has not benefited from technology advances. In these businesses, the most common role of IT has been to automate numerous procedures and transactions in order to increase efficiency and improve people’s overall experience and satisfaction. The aforementioned capstone project ideas will be useful in a range of sectors. It will aid in enhancing operational efficiency as well as the services provided to the project’s users.

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The steadily increasing informatization of society and economy produces data at a rate that has never been seen before. The volume and variety of available digital information continuously inspires new possibilities how insights can be gained by analyzing this data.

In order to realize this potential, numerous research efforts are already underway, which are typically summarized under the umbrella of data science. Data science is a field that crosscuts many research area of computer science, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, databases, and information systems.

Our research falls into the last two of these areas and aims at supporting data science at the system level. Data science requires the management of new types of data as well as new complex ways to process it. Our research method is to address these requirements by innovating new and general solutions that leverage and extend core database and information systems technologies.

Within this broad area, our research focuses on challenges linked to data processing, in both traditional database and data stream management systems.

Graph Databases

We are currently investigating which data management technologies can be applied to what type of graph data application.

Network Data Analytics

We are interest in the analysis of large network datasets and in the detection of traits that are present among different types of networks.

Query Optimization

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As more businesses realized that data, in all forms and sizes, is critical to making the best possible decisions, we see the continued growth of systems that support a massive volume of non-relational or unstructured forms of data. Our research focus is to develop new theories and algorithms of a novel multi-model database management system to manage both well-structured data and NoSQL data. Our approach will reduce integration issues, simplify operations, and eliminate migration issues between relational and NoSQL data.

A video to introduce Multi-model databases: Link

Selected papers:

Jiaheng Lu, Irena Holubova : Multi-model Databases: A New Journey to Handle the Variety of Data , ACM Computing Surveys 2019

Jiaheng Lu, Irena Holubova, Bogdan Cautis: Multi-model Databases and Tightly Integrated Polystores CIKM 2018 Tutorial

Jiaheng Lu, Irena Holubova: Multi-model Data Management: What's New and What's Next? EDBT 2017 Tutorial

Chao Zhang, Jiaheng Lu, Pengfei Xu, Yuxing Chen: UniBench: A Benchmark for Multi-model Database Management Systems. TPCTC 2018: 7-23

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Advances in database systems education: Methods, tools, curricula, and way forward

Muhammad ishaq.

1 Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

2 Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan

3 Department of Computer Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Muhammad Shoaib Farooq

Muhammad faraz manzoor.

4 Department of Computer Science, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan

Uzma Farooq

Kamran abid.

5 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Mamoun Abu Helou

6 Faculty of Information Technology, Al Istiqlal University, Jericho, Palestine

Associated Data

Not Applicable.

Fundamentals of Database Systems is a core course in computing disciplines as almost all small, medium, large, or enterprise systems essentially require data storage component. Database System Education (DSE) provides the foundation as well as advanced concepts in the area of data modeling and its implementation. The first course in DSE holds a pivotal role in developing students’ interest in this area. Over the years, the researchers have devised several different tools and methods to teach this course effectively, and have also been revisiting the curricula for database systems education. In this study a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is presented that distills the existing literature pertaining to the DSE to discuss these three perspectives for the first course in database systems. Whereby, this SLR also discusses how the developed teaching and learning assistant tools, teaching and assessment methods and database curricula have evolved over the years due to rapid change in database technology. To this end, more than 65 articles related to DSE published between 1995 and 2022 have been shortlisted through a structured mechanism and have been reviewed to find the answers of the aforementioned objectives. The article also provides useful guidelines to the instructors, and discusses ideas to extend this research from several perspectives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research work that presents a broader review about the research conducted in the area of DSE.

Introduction

Database systems play a pivotal role in the successful implementation of the information systems to ensure the smooth running of many different organizations and companies (Etemad & Küpçü, 2018 ; Morien, 2006 ). Therefore, at least one course about the fundamentals of database systems is taught in every computing and information systems degree (Nagataki et al., 2013 ). Database System Education (DSE) is concerned with different aspects of data management while developing software (Park et al., 2017 ). The IEEE/ACM computing curricula guidelines endorse 30–50 dedicated hours for teaching fundamentals of design and implementation of database systems so as to build a very strong theoretical and practical understanding of the DSE topics (Cvetanovic et al., 2010 ).

Practically, most of the universities offer one user-oriented course at undergraduate level that covers topics related to the data modeling and design, querying, and a limited number of hours on theory (Conklin & Heinrichs, 2005 ; Robbert & Ricardo, 2003 ), where it is often debatable whether to utilize a design-first or query-first approach. Furthermore, in order to update the course contents, some recent trends, including big data and the notion of NoSQL should also be introduced in this basic course (Dietrich et al., 2008 ; Garcia-Molina, 2008 ). Whereas, the graduate course is more theoretical and includes topics related to DB architecture, transactions, concurrency, reliability, distribution, parallelism, replication, query optimization, along with some specialized classes.

Researchers have designed a variety of tools for making different concepts of introductory database course more interesting and easier to teach and learn interactively (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ) either using visual support (Nagataki et al., 2013 ), or with the help of gamification (Fisher & Khine, 2006 ). Similarly, the instructors have been improvising different methods to teach (Abid et al., 2015 ; Domínguez & Jaime, 2010 ) and evaluate (Kawash et al., 2020 ) this theoretical and practical course. Also, the emerging and hot topics such as cloud computing and big data has also created the need to revise the curriculum and methods to teach DSE (Manzoor et al., 2020 ).

The research in database systems education has evolved over the years with respect to modern contents influenced by technological advancements, supportive tools to engage the learners for better learning, and improvisations in teaching and assessment methods. Particularly, in recent years there is a shift from self-describing data-driven systems to a problem-driven paradigm that is the bottom-up approach where data exists before being designed. This mainly relies on scientific, quantitative, and empirical methods for building models, while pushing the boundaries of typical data management by involving mathematics, statistics, data mining, and machine learning, thus opening a multidisciplinary perspective. Hence, it is important to devote a few lectures to introducing the relevance of such advance topics.

Researchers have provided useful review articles on other areas including Introductory Programming Language (Mehmood et al., 2020 ), use of gamification (Obaid et al., 2020 ), research trends in the use of enterprise service bus (Aziz et al., 2020 ), and the role of IoT in agriculture (Farooq et al., 2019 , 2020 ) However, to the best of our knowledge, no such study was found in the area of database systems education. Therefore, this study discusses research work published in different areas of database systems education involving curricula, tools, and approaches that have been proposed to teach an introductory course on database systems in an effective manner. The rest of the article has been structured in the following manner: Sect.  2 presents related work and provides a comparison of the related surveys with this study. Section  3 presents the research methodology for this study. Section  4 analyses the major findings of the literature reviewed in this research and categorizes it into different important aspects. Section  5 represents advices for the instructors and future directions. Lastly, Sect.  6 concludes the article.

Related work

Systematic Literature Reviews have been found to be a very useful artifact for covering and understanding a domain. A number of interesting review studies have been found in different fields (Farooq et al., 2021 ; Ishaq et al., 2021 ). Review articles are generally categorized into narrative or traditional reviews (Abid et al., 2016 ; Ramzan et al., 2019 ), systematic literature review (Naeem et al., 2020 ) and meta reviews or mapping study (Aria & Cuccurullo, 2017 ; Cobo et al., 2012 ; Tehseen et al., 2020 ). This study presents a systematic literature review on database system education.

The database systems education has been discussed from many different perspectives which include teaching and learning methods, curriculum development, and the facilitation of instructors and students by developing different tools. For instance, a number of research articles have been published focusing on developing tools for teaching database systems course (Abut & Ozturk, 1997 ; Connolly et al., 2005 ; Pahl et al., 2004 ). Furthermore, few authors have evaluated the DSE tools by conducting surveys and performing empirical experiments so as to gauge the effectiveness of these tools and their degree of acceptance among important stakeholders, teachers and students (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ; Nelson & Fatimazahra, 2010 ). On the other hand, some case studies have also been discussed to evaluate the effectiveness of the improvised approaches and developed tools. For example, Regueras et al. ( 2007 ) presented a case study using the QUEST system, in which e-learning strategies are used to teach the database course at undergraduate level, while, Myers and Skinner ( 1997 ) identified the conflicts that arise when theories in text books regarding the development of databases do not work on specific applications.

Another important facet of DSE research focuses on the curriculum design and evolution for database systems, whereby (Alrumaih, 2016 ; Bhogal et al., 2012 ; Cvetanovic et al., 2010 ; Sahami et al., 2011 ) have proposed solutions for improvements in database curriculum for the better understanding of DSE among the students, while also keeping the evolving technology into the perspective. Similarly, Mingyu et al. ( 2017 ) have shared their experience in reforming the DSE curriculum by adding topics related to Big Data. A few authors have also developed and evaluated different tools to help the instructors teaching DSE.

There are further studies which focus on different aspects including specialized tools for specific topics in DSE (Mcintyre et al, 1995 ; Nelson & Fatimazahra, 2010 ). For instance, Mcintyre et al. ( 1995 ) conducted a survey about using state of the art software tools to teach advanced relational database design courses at Cleveland State University. However, the authors did not discuss the DSE curricula and pedagogy in their study. Similarly, a review has been conducted by Nelson and Fatimazahra ( 2010 ) to highlight the fact that the understanding of basic knowledge of database is important for students of the computer science domain as well as those belonging to other domains. They highlighted the issues encountered while teaching the database course in universities and suggested the instructors investigate these difficulties so as to make this course more effective for the students. Although authors have discussed and analyzed the tools to teach database, the tools are yet to be categorized according to different methods and research types within DSE. There also exists an interesting systematic mapping study by Taipalus and Seppänen ( 2020 ) that focuses on teaching SQL which is a specific topic of DSE. Whereby, they categorized the selected primary studies into six categories based on their research types. They utilized directed content analysis, such as, student errors in query formulation, characteristics and presentation of the exercise database, specific or non-specific teaching approach suggestions, patterns and visualization, and easing teacher workload.

Another relevant study that focuses on collaborative learning techniques to teach the database course has been conducted by Martin et al. ( 2013 ) This research discusses collaborative learning techniques and adapted it for the introductory database course at the Barcelona School of Informatics. The motive of the authors was to introduce active learning methods to improve learning and encourage the acquisition of competence. However, the focus of the study was only on a few methods for teaching the course of database systems, while other important perspectives, including database curricula, and tools for teaching DSE were not discussed in this study.

The above discussion shows that a considerable amount of research work has been conducted in the field of DSE to propose various teaching methods; develop and test different supportive tools, techniques, and strategies; and to improve the curricula for DSE. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that puts all these relevant and pertinent aspects together while also classifying and discussing the supporting methods, and techniques. This review is considerably different from previous studies. Table ​ Table1 1 highlights the differences between this study and other relevant studies in the field of DSE using ✓ and – symbol reflecting "included" and "not included" respectively. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic mapping study on DSE that focuses on compiling, classifying, and discussing the existing work related to pedagogy, supporting tools, and curricula.

Comparison with other related research articles

Study(Mcintyre et al., )(Myers & Skinner, )(Beecham et al., )(Dietrich et al., )(Regueras et al., )(Nelson & Fatimazahra, )(Martin et al., )(Abbasi et al., )(Luxton-Reilly et al., )(Taipalus & Seppänen, )This article
FocusDatabaseDatabaseSoftware EngineeringDatabaseDatabaseDatabaseDatabaseOOPProgrammingData BaseDatabase System
Research Types Classifications
Teaching Methods
Tools to aid teaching -
Curricula considered
Evolution
Year19951997200820082009201520132017201820202022

Research methodology

In order to preserve the principal aim of this study, which is to review the research conducted in the area of database systems education, a piece of advice has been collected from existing methods described in various studies (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ; Keele et al., 2007 ; Mushtaq et al., 2017 ) to search for the relevant papers. Thus, proper research objectives were formulated, and based on them appropriate research questions and search strategy were formulated as shown in Fig.  1 .

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Object name is 10639_2022_11293_Fig1_HTML.jpg

Research objectives

The Following are the research objectives of this study:

  • i. To find high quality research work in DSE.
  • ii. To categorize different aspects of DSE covered by other researchers in the field.
  • iii. To provide a thorough discussion of the existing work in this study to provide useful information in the form of evolution, teaching guidelines, and future research directions of the instructors.

Research questions

In order to fulfill the research objectives, some relevant research questions have been formulated. These questions along with their motivations have been presented in Table ​ Table2 2 .

Study selection results

NoResearch questionsMotivations
RQ1What are the developments in DSE with respect to tools, methods, and curriculum?

- Identify focal areas of research in DSE

- Discuss the work done in each area

RQ2How the research in DSE evolved in past 25 years?- Discuss the focus of research in different time spans while mapping it onto the technological advancement

Search strategy

The Following search string used to find relevant articles to conduct this study. “Database” AND (“System” OR “Management”) AND (“Education*” OR “Train*” OR “Tech*” OR “Learn*” OR “Guide*” OR “Curricul*”).

Articles have been taken from different sources i.e. IEEE, Springer, ACM, Science Direct and other well-known journals and conferences such as Wiley Online Library, PLOS and ArXiv. The planning for search to find the primary study in the field of DSE is a vital task.

Study selection

A total of 29,370 initial studies were found. These articles went through a selection process, and two authors were designated to shortlist the articles based on the defined inclusion criteria as shown in Fig.  2 . Their conflicts were resolved by involving a third author; while the inclusion/exclusion criteria were also refined after resolving the conflicts as shown in Table ​ Table3. 3 . Cohen’s Kappa coefficient 0.89 was observed between the two authors who selected the articles, which reflects almost perfect agreement between them (Landis & Koch, 1977 ). While, the number of papers in different stages of the selection process for all involved portals has been presented in Table ​ Table4 4 .

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Object name is 10639_2022_11293_Fig2_HTML.jpg

Selection criteria

ICInclusion criteria
IC 1The study related to the database and education
IC 2The years of research publication must be from 1995 to 2022
IC 3Only full length papers are included
IC 4Research papers written in English language are included
ECExclusion criteria
EC1Incomplete papers, i.e., presentation, posters or essay
EC2Research articles without abstract
EC3Research articles other than English language
EC4Papers that do not include education as their primary focus
PhaseProcessSelection stageIEEESpringerACMElsevierOthersTotal
1SearchSearch string500531210,8025696704529,370
2ScreeningTitle15312111513387609
3ScreeningAbstract4523292140158
4ScreeningFull text1012023770

Title based search: Papers that are irrelevant based on their title are manually excluded in the first stage. At this stage, there was a large portion of irrelevant papers. Only 609 papers remained after this stage.

Abstract based search: At this stage, abstracts of the selected papers in the previous stage are studied and the papers are categorized for the analysis along with research approach. After this stage only 152 papers were left.

Full text based analysis: Empirical quality of the selected articles in the previous stage is evaluated at this stage. The analysis of full text of the article has been conducted. The total of 70 papers were extracted from 152 papers for primary study. Following questions are defined for the conduction of final data extraction.

Quality assessment criteria

Following are the criteria used to assess the quality of the selected primary studies. This quality assessment was conducted by two authors as explained above.

  • The study focuses on curricula, tools, approach, or assessments in DSE, the possible answers were Yes (1), No (0)
  • The study presents a solution to the problem in DSE, the possible answers to this question were Yes (1), Partially (0.5), No (0)
  • The study focuses on empirical results, Yes (1), No (0)

Score pattern of publication channels

Channel typeQuartile numberScore
Journal Quartile RankingQ12
Q21.5
Q31
Q40.5
Other0
Conference/Workshop/ Symposium/Core RankingCore A1.5
Core B1
Core C0.5
Other0

Almost 50.00% of papers had scored more than average and 33.33% of papers had scored between the average range i.e., 2.50–3.50. Some articles with the score below 2.50 have also been included in this study as they present some useful information and were published in education-based journals. Also, these studies discuss important demography and technology based aspects that are directly related to DSE.

Threats to validity

The validity of this study could be influenced by the following factors during the literature of this publication.

Construct validity

In this study this validity identifies the primary study for research (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ). To ensure that many primary studies have been included in this literature two authors have proposed possible search keywords in multiple repetitions. Search string is comprised of different terms related to DS and education. Though, list might be incomplete, count of final papers found can be changed by the alternative terms (Ampatzoglou et al., 2013 ). IEEE digital library, Science direct, ACM digital library, Wiley Online Library, PLOS, ArXiv and Google scholar are the main libraries where search is done. We believe according to the statistics of search engines of literature the most research can be found on these digital libraries (Garousi et al., 2013 ). Researchers also searched related papers in main DS research sites (VLDB, ICDM, EDBT) in order to minimize the risk of missing important publication.

Including the papers that does not belong to top journals or conferences may reduce the quality of primary studies in this research but it indicates that the representativeness of the primary studies is improved. However, certain papers which were not from the top publication sources are included because of their relativeness wisth the literature, even though they reduce the average score for primary studies. It also reduces the possibility of alteration of results which might have caused by the improper handling of duplicate papers. Some cases of duplications were found which were inspected later whether they were the same study or not. The two authors who have conducted the search has taken the final decision to the select the papers. If there is no agreement between then there must be discussion until an agreement is reached.

Internal validity

This validity deals with extraction and data analysis (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ). Two authors carried out the data extraction and primary studies classification. While the conflicts between them were resolved by involving a third author. The Kappa coefficient was 0.89, according to Landis and Koch ( 1977 ), this value indicates almost perfect level of agreement between the authors that reduces this threat significantly.

Conclusion validity

This threat deals with the identification of improper results which may cause the improper conclusions. In this case this threat deals with the factors like missing studies and wrong data extraction (Ampatzoglou et al., 2013 ). The objective of this is to limit these factors so that other authors can perform study and produce the proper conclusions (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ).

Interpretation of results might be affected by the selection and classification of primary studies and analyzing the selected study. Previous section has clearly described each step performed in primary study selection and data extraction activity to minimize this threat. The traceability between the result and data extracted was supported through the different charts. In our point of view, slight difference based on the publication selection and misclassification would not alter the main results.

External validity

This threat deals with the simplification of this research (Mateo et al., 2012 ). The results of this study were only considered that related to the DSE filed and validation of the conclusions extracted from this study only concerns the DSE context. The selected study representativeness was not affected because there was no restriction on time to find the published research. Therefore, this external validity threat is not valid in the context of this research. DS researchers can take search string and the paper classification scheme represented in this study as an initial point and more papers can be searched and categorized according to this scheme.

Analysis of compiled research articles

This section presents the analysis of the compiled research articles carefully selected for this study. It presents the findings with respect to the research questions described in Table ​ Table2 2 .

Selection results

A total of 70 papers were identified and analyzed for the answers of RQs described above. Table ​ Table6 6 represents a list of the nominated papers with detail of the classification results and their quality assessment scores.

Classification and quality assessment of selected articles

RefChannelYearResearch TypeabcdTotal
ToolsQuality Assessment
(Mcintyre et al., )Journal1995Review11024
(Abut & Ozturk, )Conference1997Experiment11002
(Yau & Karim, )Conference2003Experiment10.5012.5
(Pahl et al., )Journal2004Experiment11002
(Connolly et al., )Conference2005Experiment10.5113.5
(Regueras et al., )Conference2007Case Study11103
(Sciore, )Symposium2007Case Study1011.53.5
(Holliday & Wang, )Conference2009Experiment10.510.53
(Brusilovsky et al., )Journal2010Experiment11125
(Cvetanovic et al., )Journal2010Experiment11024
(Nelson & Fatimazahra, )Journal2010Review11013
(Wang et al., )Conference2010Experiment1101.53.5
(Nagataki et al., )Journal2013Experiment01124
(Yue, )Journal2013Experiment1111.54.5
(Abelló Gamazo et al., )Journal2016Experiment11125
(Taipalus & Perälä, )Symposium2019Review1111.54.5
MethodsQuality Assessment
(Dietrich & Urban, )Conference1996Review1101.53.5
(Urban & Dietrich, )Journal1997Experiment11002
(Nelson et al., )Workshop2003Review11002
(Amadio, )Conference2003Experiment10.510.53
(Connolly & Begg, )Journal2006Experiment11024
(Morien, )Journal2006Experiment10.5124.5
(Prince & Felder, )Journal2006Review00.5022.5
(Martinez-González & Duffing, )Journal2007Review11024
(Gudivada et al., )Conference2007Review10.5001.5
(Svahnberg et al., )Symposium2008Review1001.52.5
(Brusilovsky et al., )Conference2008Experiment10.511.54
(Dominguez & Jaime, )Journal2010Experiment11125
(Efendiouglu & Yelken )Journal2010Experiment11103
(Hou & Chen, )Conference2010Review10.5102.5
(Yuelan et al., )Conference2011Experiment10.5001.5
(Zheng & Dong, )Conference2011Review11013
(Al-Shuaily, )Workshop2012Review11103
(Juxiang & Zhihong, )Conference2012Review10.5001.5
(Chen et al., )Journal2012Review11125
(Martin et al., )Journal2013Review11125
(Rashid & Al-Radhy, )conference2014Review10.5102.5
(Wang & Chen, )Conference2014Experiment10102
(Dicheva et al., )Journal2015Review11013
(Rashid, )Journal2015Review10.5124.5
(Etemad & Küpçü, )Journal2018Experiment00.5123.5
(Kui et al., )Conference2018Experiment11013
(Taipalus et al., )Journal2018Review11024
(Zhang et al., )conference2018Experiment11103
(Shebaro, )Journal2018Review10.5102.5
(Cai & Gao, )Conference2019Review11002
(Kawash et al., )Symposium2020Experiment1111.54.5
(Taipalus & Seppänen, )Journal2020Review11125
(Canedo et al., )Journal2021Experiment11114
(Naik & Gajjar, )Journal2021Case Study11103
(Ko et al., )Journal2021Review11125
(Sibia et al., )Workshop 2022Case Study11103
CurriculumQuality Assessment
(Dean & Milani, )Conference1995Experiment10.510.53
(Urban & Dietrich, )Symposium2001Case Study1011.53.5
(Calero et al., )Journal2003Review11024
(Robbert & Ricardo, )Conference2003Review1101.53.5
(Adams et al., )Journal2004Experiment11002
(Conklin & Heinrichs, )Journal2005Review11103
(Dietrich et al., )Journal2008Case Study01124
(Luo et al., )Conference2008Experiment11103
(Marshall, )Conference2011Review11103
(Bhogal et al., )Workshop2012Case Study11002
(Picciano, )Journal2012Review11002
(Abid et al., )Journal2015Review11114
(Taipalus & Seppänen, )Journal2015Experiment11125
(Abourezq & Idrissi, )Journal2016Experiment1100.52.5
(Silva et al., )Conference2016Experiment1101.53.5
(Zhanquan et al., )Journal2016Review11103
(Mingyu et al., )Conference2017Experiment11103
(Andersson et al., )Conference2019Review10.5001.5

RQ1.Categorization of research work in DSE field

The analysis in this study reveals that the literature can be categorized as: Tools: any additional application that helps instructors in teaching and students in learning. Methods: any improvisation aimed at improving pedagogy or cognition. Curriculum: refers to the course content domains and their relative importance in a degree program, as shown in Fig.  3 .

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Object name is 10639_2022_11293_Fig3_HTML.jpg

Taxonomy of DSE study types

Most of the articles provide a solution by gathering the data and also prove the novelty of their research through results. These papers are categorized as experiments w.r.t. their research types. Whereas, some of them case study papers which are used to generate an in depth, multifaceted understanding of a complex issue in its real-life context, while few others are review studies analyzing the previously used approaches. On the other hand, a majority of included articles have evaluated their results with the help of experiments, while others conducted reviews to establish an opinion as shown in Fig.  4 .

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Cross Mapping of DSE study type and research Types

Educational tools, especially those related to technology, are making their place in market faster than ever before (Calderon et al., 2011 ). The transition to active learning approaches, with the learner more engaged in the process rather than passively taking in information, necessitates a variety of tools to help ensure success. As with most educational initiatives, time should be taken to consider the goals of the activity, the type of learners, and the tools needed to meet the goals. Constant reassessment of tools is important to discover innovation and reforms that improve teaching and learning (Irby & Wilkerson, 2003 ). For this purpose, various type of educational tools such as, interactive, web-based and game based have been introduced to aid the instructors in order to explain the topic in more effective way.

The inclusion of technology into the classroom may help learners to compete in the competitive market when approaching the start of their career. It is important for the instructors to acknowledge that the students are more interested in using technology to learn database course instead of merely being taught traditional theory, project, and practice-based methods of teaching (Adams et al., 2004 ). Keeping these aspects in view many authors have done significant research which includes web-based and interactive tools to help the learners gain better understanding of basic database concepts.

Great research has been conducted with the focus of students learning. In this study we have discussed the students learning supportive with two major finding’s objectives i.e., tools which prove to be more helpful than other tools. Whereas, proposed tools with same outcome as traditional classroom environment. Such as, Abut and Ozturk ( 1997 ) proposed an interactive classroom environment to conduct database classes. The online tools such as electronic “Whiteboard”, electronic textbooks, advance telecommunication networks and few other resources such as Matlab and World Wide Web were the main highlights of their proposed smart classroom. Also, Pahl et al. ( 2004 ) presented an interactive multimedia-based system for the knowledge and skill oriented Web-based education of database course students. The authors had differentiated their proposed classroom environment from traditional classroom-based approach by using tool mediated independent learning and training in an authentic setting. On the other hand, some authors have also evaluated the educational tools based on their usage and impact on students’ learning. For example, Brusilovsky et al. ( 2010 )s evaluated the technical and conceptual difficulties of using several interactive educational tools in the context of a single course. A combined Exploratorium has been presented for database courses and an experimental platform, which delivers modified access to numerous types of interactive learning activities.

Also, Taipalus and Perälä ( 2019 ) investigated the types of errors that are persistent in writing SQL by the students. The authors also contemplated the errors while mapping them onto different query concepts. Moreover, Abelló Gamazo et al. ( 2016 ) presented a software tool for the e-assessment of relational database skills named LearnSQL. The proposed software allows the automatic and efficient e-learning and e-assessment of relational database skills. Apart from these, Yue ( 2013 ) proposed the database tool named Sakila as a unified platform to support instructions and multiple assignments of a graduate database course for five semesters. According to this study, students find this tool more useful and interesting than the highly simplified databases developed by the instructor, or obtained from textbook. On the other hand, authors have proposed tools with the main objective to help the student’s grip on the topic by addressing the pedagogical problems in using the educational tools. Connolly et al. ( 2005 ) discussed some of the pedagogical problems sustaining the development of a constructive learning environment using problem-based learning, a simulation game and interactive visualizations to help teach database analysis and design. Also, Yau and Karim ( 2003 ) proposed smart classroom with prevalent computing technology which will facilitate collaborative learning among the learners. The major aim of this smart classroom is to improve the quality of interaction between the instructors and students during lecture.

Student satisfaction is also an important factor for the educational tools to more effective. While it supports in students learning process it should also be flexible to achieve the student’s confidence by making it as per student’s needs (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ; Connolly et al., 2005 ; Pahl et al., 2004 ). Also, Cvetanovic et al. ( 2010 ) has proposed a web-based educational system named ADVICE. The proposed solution helps the students to reduce the gap between DBMS, theory and its practice. On the other hand, authors have enhanced the already existing educational tools in the traditional classroom environment to addressed the student’s concerns (Nelson & Fatimazahra, 2010 ; Regueras et al., 2007 ) Table ​ Table7 7 .

Tools: Adopted in DSE and their impacts

ObjectiveFindingsReferencesTarget Topic/ exposition platform
Support of Students’ learningMore supportive• (Abut & Ozturk, )

• Data models and data modelling principles

• IDLE (the Interactive Database Learning Environment)

• (Pahl et al., )

• Data models

• IDLE

• (Brusilovsky et al., )

• SQL

• SQL-Knot, SQL-Lab

• Conceptual database design, Logical database design, Physical database design

• Online games

• SQL

• Interactive

• (Abbasi et al., )

• Relational Database

• LearnSQL

• (Yue, )

• Relational Calculus, XML generation, XPath, and XQuery

• Sakila

• (Nelson & Fatimazahra, )

• Introductory Database topics

• TLAD

Same as others• (Connolly et al., )

• Conceptual database design, Logical database design, Physical database design

• Online games

• (Yau & Karim, )

• Introductory Database topics

• RCSM

Students’ SatisfactionSatisfied• (Brusilovsky et al., )

• SQL

• SQL-Knot, SQL-Lab

• (Cvetanovic et al., )

• SQL, formal query languages, and normalization

• ADVICE

• (Connolly et al., )
• (Pahl et al., )

• Data models

• IDLE

Similar satisfaction as compared to traditional classroom environment• (Nelson & Fatimazahra, )

• Introductory Database topics

• TLAD

• (Regueras et al., )

• Entity Relationship Model

• QUEST

Students’ motivation towards database developmentSame impact as other approaches• (Nagataki et al., )

• SQL

• sAccess

Helped students to develop better database development strategies• (Brusilovsky et al., )

• SQL

• SQL-Knot, SQL-Lab

• (Mcintyre et al., )

• Relational Database Design

• Expert IT system

Students’ course performanceBetter performance• (Cvetanovic et al., )

• SQL, formal query languages, and normalization

• ADVICE

• (Wang et al., )

• Entity Relationship Model, SQL

• MeTube

• (Holliday & Wang, )

• MySQL

• MeTube

• (Taipalus & Perälä, )

• SQL

• Interactive

Same performance as other approaches• (Pahl et al., )

• Data models

• IDLE

• (Yue, )

• Relational Calculus, XML generation, XPath, and XQuery

• Sakila

Student and instructor interaction percentageIncreased• (Abut & Ozturk, )

• Introductory Database topics

• “Whiteboard”

• (Yau & Karim, )

• Introductory Database topics

• RCSM

• (Taipalus & Perälä, )

• SQL

• Interactive

Hands on database development is the main concern in most of the institute as well as in industry. However, tools assisting the students in database development and query writing is still major concern especially in SQL (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ; Nagataki et al., 2013 ).

Student’s grades reflect their conceptual clarity and database development skills. They are also important to secure jobs and scholarships after passing out, which is why it is important to have the educational learning tools to help the students to perform well in the exams (Cvetanovic et al., 2010 ; Taipalus et al., 2018 ). While, few authors (Wang et al., 2010 ) proposed Metube which is a variation of YouTube. Subsequently, existing educational tools needs to be upgraded or replaced by the more suitable assessment oriented interactive tools to attend challenging students needs (Pahl et al., 2004 ; Yuelan et al., 2011 ).

One other objective of developing the educational tools is to increase the interaction between the students and the instructors. In the modern era, almost every institute follows the student centered learning(SCL). In SCL the interaction between students and instructor increases with most of the interaction involves from the students. In order to support SCL the educational based interactive and web-based tools need to assign more roles to students than the instructors (Abbasi et al., 2016 ; Taipalus & Perälä, 2019 ; Yau & Karim, 2003 ).

Theory versus practice is still one of the main issues in DSE teaching methods. The traditional teaching method supports theory first and then the concepts learned in the theoretical lectures implemented in the lab. Whereas, others think that it is better to start by teaching how to write query, which should be followed by teaching the design principles for database, while a limited amount of credit hours are also allocated for the general database theory topics. This part of the article discusses different trends of teaching and learning style along with curriculum and assessments methods discussed in DSE literature.

A variety of teaching methods have been designed, experimented, and evaluated by different researchers (Yuelan et al., 2011 ; Chen et al., 2012 ; Connolly & Begg, 2006 ). Some authors have reformed teaching methods based on the requirements of modern way of delivering lectures such as Yuelan et al. ( 2011 ) reform teaching method by using various approaches e.g. a) Modern ways of education: includes multimedia sound, animation, and simulating the process and working of database systems to motivate and inspire the students. b) Project driven approach: aims to make the students familiar with system operations by implementing a project. c) Strengthening the experimental aspects: to help the students get a strong grip on the basic knowledge of database and also enable them to adopt a self-learning ability. d) Improving the traditional assessment method: the students should turn in their research and development work as the content of the exam, so that they can solve their problem on their own.

The main aim of any teaching method is to make student learn the subject effectively. Student must show interest in order to gain something from the lectures delivered by the instructors. For this, teaching methods should be interactive and interesting enough to develop the interest of the students in the subject. Students can show interest in the subject by asking more relative questions or completing the home task and assignments on time. Authors have proposed few teaching methods to make topic more interesting such as, Chen et al. ( 2012 ) proposed a scaffold concept mapping strategy, which considers a student’s prior knowledge, and provides flexible learning aids (scaffolding and fading) for reading and drawing concept maps. Also, Connolly & Begg (200s6) examined different problems in database analysis and design teaching, and proposed a teaching approach driven by principles found in the constructivist epistemology to overcome these problems. This constructivist approach is based on the cognitive apprenticeship model and project-based learning. Similarly, Domínguez & Jaime ( 2010 ) proposed an active method for database design through practical tasks development in a face-to-face course. They analyzed results of five academic years using quasi experimental. The first three years a traditional strategy was followed and a course management system was used as material repository. On the other hand, Dietrich and Urban ( 1996 ) have described the use of cooperative group learning concepts in support of an undergraduate database management course. They have designed the project deliverables in such a way that students develop skills for database implementation. Similarly, Zhang et al. ( 2018 ) have discussed several effective classroom teaching measures from the aspects of the innovation of teaching content, teaching methods, teaching evaluation and assessment methods. They have practiced the various teaching measures by implementing the database technologies and applications in Qinghai University. Moreover, Hou and Chen ( 2010 ) proposed a new teaching method based on blending learning theory, which merges traditional and constructivist methods. They adopted the method by applying the blending learning theory on Access Database programming course teaching.

Problem solving skills is a key aspect to any type of learning at any age. Student must possess this skill to tackle the hurdles in institute and also in industry. Create mind and innovative students find various and unique ways to solve the daily task which is why they are more likeable to secure good grades and jobs. Authors have been working to introduce teaching methods to develop problem solving skills in the students(Al-Shuaily, 2012 ; Cai & Gao, 2019 ; Martinez-González & Duffing, 2007 ; Gudivada et al., 2007 ). For instance, Al-Shuaily ( 2012 ) has explored four cognitive factors such as i) Novices’ ability in understanding, ii) Novices’ ability to translate, iii) Novice’s ability to write, iv) Novices’ skills that might influence SQL teaching, and learning methods and approaches. Also, Cai and Gao ( 2019 ) have reformed the teaching method in the database course of two higher education institutes in China. Skills and knowledge, innovation ability, and data abstraction were the main objective of their study. Similarly, Martinez-González and Duffing ( 2007 ) analyzed the impact of convergence of European Union (EU) in different universities across Europe. According to their study, these institutes need to restructure their degree program and teaching methodologies. Moreover, Gudivada et al. ( 2007 ) proposed a student’s learning method to work with the large datasets. they have used the Amazon Web Services API and.NET/C# application to extract a subset of the product database to enhance student learning in a relational database course.

On the other hand, authors have also evaluated the traditional teaching methods to enhance the problem-solving skills among the students(Eaglestone & Nunes, 2004 ; Wang & Chen, 2014 ; Efendiouglu & Yelken, 2010 ) Such as, Eaglestone and Nunes ( 2004 ) shared their experiences of delivering a database design course at Sheffield University and discussed some of the issues they faced, regarding teaching, learning and assessments. Likewise, Wang and Chen ( 2014 ) summarized the problems mainly in teaching of the traditional database theory and application. According to the authors the teaching method is outdated and does not focus on the important combination of theory and practice. Moreover, Efendiouglu and Yelken ( 2010 ) investigated the effects of two different methods Programmed Instruction (PI) and Meaningful Learning (ML) on primary school teacher candidates’ academic achievements and attitudes toward computer-based education, and to define their views on these methods. The results show that PI is not favoured for teaching applications because of its behavioural structure Table ​ Table8 8 .

Methods: Teaching approaches adopted in DSE

ObjectiveFindingsReferencesTarget Topic/ Approach or Method
Develop interest in SubjectStudents begin to ask more relative questions• (Chen et al., )

• Data modeling, relational databases, database query languages

• Scaffolded Concept

• (Connolly & Begg, )

• Database concepts, Database Analysis and Design, Implementation

• Constructivist-Based Approach

• (Dominguez & Jaime, )

• Database design

• Project-based learning

• (Rashid & Al-Radhy, )

• Database Analysis and Design

• Project based learning, Assessment based learning

• (Yuelan et al., )

• Principles of Database, SQL Server

• Project-driven approach

• (Taipalus & Seppänen, )

• SQL

• Group learning and projects

• (Brusilovsky et al., )

• SQL

• SQL Exploratorium

• (Hou & Chen, )

• Access

• Blending Learning

Same effect as others traditional teaching methods• (Dietrich & Urban, )

• ER Model, Relational Design, SQL

• Teaching and learning strategies

• (Kui et al., )

• E-R model, relational model, SQL

• Flipped Classroom

• (Rashid, )

• Entity Relational Database, Relational Algebra, Normalization,

• Learning and Assessment Methods

• (Zhang et al., )

• Data Models, Physical Data Design

• Project teaching mode, Discussion teaching mode, Demonstrative teaching mode

Develop problem solving skillsStudents become creative and try new methods to solve tasks• (Al-Shuaily, )

• SQL

• Cognitive task, Comprehension Task

• (Cai & Gao, )

• E-R model, relational model, SQL

• Database Course for Liberal Arts Majors

• (Martin et al., )

• SQL and relational algebra, The relational model, Transaction management

• Collaborative Learning

• (Martinez-González & Duffing, )

• Data Models, Physical Data Design, SQL

• European convergence in higher education

• (Prince & Felder, )

• SQL

• Inductive teaching and learning

• (Urban & Dietrich, )

• Relational database mapping and prototyping, Database system implementation

• cooperative group project based learning

• (Gudivada et al., )

• SQL, Logical design, Physical Design

• Working with large datasets from Amazon

Use same methods as mentioned in books• (Eaglestone & Nunes, )

• SQL, ER Model

• Pedagogical model, teaching and learning strategies

• (Wang et al., )

• SQL Server and Oracle

• Refine Teaching Method

• (Efendiouglu & Yelken )

• SQL

• Programmed instruction and meaningful learning

Motivate students to explore topics through independent studyStudents begin to read books and internet to enhance their knowledge independently or in groups• (Cai & Gao, )

• SQL, E-R model, relational model

• Database Course for Liberal Arts Majors

• (Kawash et al., )

• SQL, Entity Relationship, Relational model

• Group Exams

• (Martin et al., )

• SQL, Relational Model, UML

• Collaborative Learning

• (Martinez-González & Duffing, )

• SQL, Data Models, Physical Data Design

• European convergence in higher education

• (Amadio, )

• SQL Programming

• Team Learning

Students stick to the course content• (Morien, )

• Entity modeling, relational modelling

• Teaching Reform

• (Eaglestone & Nunes, )

• SQL, ER Model

• Pedagogical model, teaching and learning strategies

• (Zheng & Dong, )

• SQL, ER Model

• Teaching Reform and Practice

Focus on theory and practical GapStudents begin to apply theoretical knowledge on developing database applications• (Al-Shuaily, )

• SQL

• Cognitive task, Comprehension Task

• (Etemad & Küpçü, )

• SQL

• cooperative group project-based learning

• (Svahnberg et al., )

• SQL

• Industrial project-based learning

• (Taipalus et al., )

• SQL

• Group learning and projects

• (Juxiang & Zhihong, )

• SQL, ER Model

• Computational Thinking

• (Connolly & Begg, )

• Database concepts, Database Analysis and Design, Implementation

• Constructivist-Based Approach

• (Rashid & Al-Radhy, )

• Database Analysis and Design

• Project based learning, Assessment based learning

• (Naik & Gajjar, )

• database designing, transaction management, SQL

• ENABLE, Project based learning

Students only focus on theory to clear exams• (Wang et al., )

• SQL Server and Oracle

• Refine Teaching Method

• (Zheng & Dong, )

• SQL, ER Model

• Teaching Reform and Practice

• (Nelson et al., )

• Advanced relational design, UML, data warehousing

• Teaching Methods, Assessment Methods

Students become creative and innovative when the try to study on their own and also from different resources rather than curriculum books only. In the modern era, there are various resources available on both online and offline platforms. Modern teaching methods must emphasize on making the students independent from the curriculum books and educate them to learn independently(Amadio et al., 2003 ; Cai & Gao, 2019 ; Martin et al., 2013 ). Also, in the work of Kawash et al. ( 2020 ) proposed he group study-based learning approach called Graded Group Activities (GGAs). In this method students team up in order to take the exam as a group. On the other hand, few studies have emphasized on course content to prepare students for the final exams such as, Zheng and Dong ( 2011 ) have discussed the issues of computer science teaching with particular focus on database systems, where different characteristics of the course, teaching content and suggestions to teach this course effectively have been presented.

As technology is evolving at rapid speed, so students need to have practical experience from the start. Basic theoretical concepts of database are important but they are of no use without its implementation in real world projects. Most of the students study in the institutes with the aim of only clearing the exams with the help of theoretical knowledge and very few students want to have practical experience(Wang & Chen, 2014 ; Zheng & Dong, 2011 ). To reduce the gap between the theory and its implementation, authors have proposed teaching methods to develop the student’s interest in the real-world projects (Naik & Gajjar, 2021 ; Svahnberg et al., 2008 ; Taipalus et al., 2018 ). Moreover, Juxiang and Zhihong ( 2012 ) have proposed that the teaching organization starts from application scenarios, and associate database theoretical knowledge with the process from analysis, modeling to establishing database application. Also, Svahnberg et al. ( 2008 ) explained that in particular conditions, there is a possibility to use students as subjects for experimental studies in DSE and influencing them by providing responses that are in line with industrial practice.

On the other hand, Nelson et al. ( 2003 ) evaluated the different teaching methods used to teach different modules of database in the School of Computing and Technology at the University of Sunder- land. They outlined suggestions for changes to the database curriculum to further integrate research and state-of-the-art systems in databases.

  • III. Curriculum

Database curriculum has been revisited many times in the form of guidelines that not only present the contents but also suggest approximate time to cover different topics. According to the ACM curriculum guidelines (Lunt et al., 2008 ) for the undergraduate programs in computer science, the overall coverage time for this course is 46.50 h distributed in such a way that 11 h is the total coverage time for the core topics such as, Information Models (4 core hours), Database Systems (3 core hours) and Data Modeling (4 course hours). Whereas, the remaining hours are allocated for elective topics such as Indexing, Relational Databases, Query Languages, Relational Database Design, Transaction Processing, Distributed Databases, Physical Database Design, Data Mining, Information Storage and Retrieval, Hypermedia, Multimedia Systems, and Digital Libraries(Marshall, 2012 ). While, according to the ACM curriculum guidelines ( 2013 ) for undergraduate programs in computer science, this course should be completed in 15 weeks with two and half hour lecture per week and lab session of four hours per week on average (Brady et al., 2004 ). Thus, the revised version emphasizes on the practice based learning with the help of lab component. Numerous organizations have exerted efforts in this field to classify DSE (Dietrich et al., 2008 ). DSE model curricula, bodies of knowledge (BOKs), and some standardization aspects in this field are discussed below:

Model curricula

There are standard bodies who set the curriculum guidelines for teaching undergraduate degree programs in computing disciplines. Curricula which include the guidelines to teach database are: Computer Engineering Curricula (CEC) (Meier et al., 2008 ), Information Technology Curricula (ITC) (Alrumaih, 2016 ), Computing Curriculum Software Engineering (CCSE) (Meyer, 2001 ), Cyber Security Curricula (CSC) (Brady et al., 2004 ; Bishop et al., 2017 ).

Bodies of knowledge (BOK)

A BOK includes the set of thoughts and activities related to the professional area, while in model curriculum set of guidelines are given to address the education issues (Sahami et al., 2011 ). Database body of Knowledge comprises of (a) The Data Management Body of Knowledge (DM- BOK), (b) Software Engineering Education Knowledge (SEEK) (Sobel, 2003 ) (Sobel, 2003 ), and (c) The SE body of knowledge (SWEBOK) (Swebok Evolution: IEEE Computer Society n.d. ).

Apart from the model curricula, and bodies of knowledge, there also exist some standards related to the database and its different modules: ISO/IEC 9075–1:2016 (Computing Curricula, 1991 ), ISO/IEC 10,026–1: 1998 (Suryn, 2003 ).

We also utilize advices from some studies (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ; Keele et al., 2007 ) to search for relevant papers. In order to conduct this systematic study, it is essential to formulate the primary research questions (Mushtaq et al., 2017 ). Since the data management techniques and software are evolving rapidly, the database curriculum should also be updated accordingly to meet these new requirements. Some authors have described ways of updating the content of courses to keep pace with specific developments in the field and others have developed new database curricula to keep up with the new data management techniques.

Furthermore, some authors have suggested updates for the database curriculum based on the continuously evolving technology and introduction of big data. For instance Bhogal et al. ( 2012 ) have shown that database curricula need to be updated and modernized, which can be achieved by extending the current database concepts that cover the strategies to handle the ever changing user requirements and how database technology has evolved to meet the requirements. Likewise, Picciano ( 2012 ) examines the evolving world of big data and analytics in American higher education. According to the author, the “data driven” decision making method should be used to help the institutes evaluate strategies that can improve retention and update the curriculum that has big data basic concepts and applications, since data driven decision making has already entered in the big data and learning analytic era. Furthermore, Marshall ( 2011 ) presented the challenges faced when developing a curriculum for a Computer Science degree program in the South African context that is earmarked for international recognition. According to the author, the Curricula needs to adhere both to the policy and content requirements in order to be rated as being of a particular quality.

Similarly, some studies (Abourezq & Idrissi, 2016 ; Mingyu et al., 2017 ) described big data influence from a social perspective and also proceeded with the gaps in database curriculum of computer science, especially, in the big data era and discovers the teaching improvements in practical and theoretical teaching mode, teaching content and teaching practice platform in database curriculum. Also Silva et al. ( 2016 ) propose teaching SQL as a general language that can be used in a wide range of database systems from traditional relational database management systems to big data systems.

On the other hand, different authors have developed a database curriculum based on the different academic background of students. Such as, Dean and Milani ( 1995 ) have recommended changes in computer science curricula based on the practice in United Stated Military Academy (USMA). They emphasized greatly on the practical demonstration of the topic rather than the theoretical explanation. Especially, for the non-computer science major students. Furthermore, Urban and Dietrich ( 2001 ) described the development of a second course on database systems for undergraduates, preparing students for the advanced database concepts that they will exercise in the industry. They also shared their experience with teaching the course, elaborating on the topics and assignments. Also, Andersson et al. ( 2019 ) proposed variations in core topics of database management course for the students with the engineering background. Moreover, Dietrich et al. ( 2014 ) described two animations developed with images and color that visually and dynamically introduce fundamental relational database concepts and querying to students of many majors. The goal is that the educators, in diverse academic disciplines, should be able to incorporate these animations in their existing courses to meet their pedagogical needs.

The information systems have evolved into large scale distributed systems that store and process a huge amount of data across different servers, and process them using different distributed data processing frameworks. This evolution has given birth to new paradigms in database systems domain termed as NoSQL and Big Data systems, which significantly deviate from conventional relational and distributed database management systems. It is pertinent to mention that in order to offer a sustainable and practical CS education, these new paradigms and methodologies as shown in Fig.  5 should be included into database education (Kleiner, 2015 ). Tables ​ Tables9 9 and ​ and10 10 shows the summarized findings of the curriculum based reviewed studies. This section also proposed appropriate text book based on the theory, project, and practice-based teaching methodology as shown in Table ​ Table9. 9 . The proposed books are selected purely on the bases of their usage in top universities around the world such as, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Harvard University, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge and, University of Singapore and the coverage of core topics mentioned in the database curriculum.

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Concepts in Database Systems Education (Kleiner, 2015 )

Recommended text books for DSE

MethodologyBook titleAuthor(s)EditionYear
TheoryDatabase Management SystemsRamakrishnan, Raghu, and Johannes Gehrke32002
Database Systems: The Complete BookGarcia-Molina, Ullman and Widom22008
Introduction to Database SystemsC. J. Date Addison-Wesley82003
Introduction to Database SystemsS. Bressan and B. Catania12005
Database system conceptsSilberschatz, A., Korth, H.F. and Sudarshan, S72019
A first course in database systemsUllman, J. and Widom, J32007
ProjectModern Database ManagementJeffrey A. Hoffer, Ramesh Venkataraman and HeikkiTopi122015
Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and ManagementThomas M. Connolly,Carolyn E. Begg62015
PracticeFundamentals of SQL ProgrammingR. A. Mata-Toledo and P. Cushman. Schaum’s12000
Readings in Database Systems (The Red Book)Hellerstein, Joseph, and Michael Stonebraker42005

Curriculum: Findings of Reviewed Literature

ObjectiveFindingsReferencesTopic(s)/ CurriculaStandard bodies
Recommendations and revisionsProposed variations based on the scope in the region• (Abourezq & Idrissi, )

• Big Data, SQL

• Computer Science Curricula

• CS 2008
• (Bhogal et al., )

• Big Data

• Computer Science/Engineering Curriculum

• CS 2008/CE 2004
• (Mingyu et al., )

• Big Data, NoSQL

• Computer Science Curricula

• CS 2013
• (Picciano, )

• Big Data

• Computer Science Curricula

• CS 2008
• (Silva et al., )

• Big Data, MapReduce, NoSQL

• and NewSQL

• Computer Science Curricula

• CS 2013
• (Calero et al., )

• Database Design, Database Administration, Database Application

• SWEBOK, DBBOK

• N/A
• (Conklin & Heinrichs, )

• Database theory and database practice

• Computer Science Curricula

• IS 2002

• CC2001

• CC2004

• (Zhanquan et al., )

• Database principles design

• Coursera, Udacity, edX

• N/A
• (Robbert & Ricardo, )

• Data Models, Physical Data Design, SQL

• Computer Science Curricula

• CC 2001
• (Luo et al., )

• SQL Server and Oracle

• Computer Science Curricula

• CC 2004
• (Dietrich & Urban, )

• Object oriented database (OODB) systems; object relational database (ORDB) systems

• Curriculum and Laboratory Improvement Educational Materials Development (CCLI EMD)

• N/A
• (Marshall, )

• Data Models, Physical Data Design, Database Schema and Design, SQL

• CS-BoK

• N/A
Proposed variations based on the educational background of the students• (Dean & Milani, )

• SQL

• Computer Science Curricula

• ACM/IEEE Computing Curricula
• (Dietrich et al., )

• Relational Databases

• Computer Science Curricula

• CC 2008
• (Urban & Dietrich, )

• Relational algebra, Relational calculus, and SQL

• Engineering Curriculum 2000

• CC 2001
• (Andersson et al., )

• ER Model, Relational Model, SQL

• Engineering Curriculum

• CE 2000
Relating Curriculum to assessmentProposed variations based on the assessment methods• (Abid et al., )

• Data Models, Physical Data Design, Database Schema and Design, SQL

• Computer Science Curricula

• CS 2008
• (Adams et al., )

• ER, EER, and UML

• Computer Science Curricula

• CC 2001

RQ.2 Evolution of DSE research

This section discusses the evolution of database while focusing the DSE over the past 25 years as shown in Fig.  6 .

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Evolution of DSE studies

This study shows that there is significant increase in research in DSE after 2004 with 78% of the selected papers are published after 2004. The main reason of this outcome is that some of the papers are published in well-recognized channels like IEEE Transactions on Education, ACM Transactions on Computing Education, International Conference on Computer Science and Education (ICCSE), and Teaching, Learning and Assessment of Database (TLAD) workshop. It is also evident that several of these papers were published before 2004 and only a few articles were published during late 1990s. This is because of the fact that DSE started to gain interest after the introduction of Body of Knowledge and DSE standards. The data intensive scientific discovery has been discussed as the fourth paradigm (Hey et al., 2009 ): where the first involves empirical science and observations; second contains theoretical science and mathematically driven insights; third considers computational science and simulation driven insights; while the fourth involves data driven insights of modern scientific research.

Over the past few decades, students have gone from attending one-room class to having the world at their fingertips, and it is a great challenge for the instructors to develop the interest of students in learning database. This challenge has led to the development of the different types of interactive tools to help the instructors teach DSE in this technology oriented era. Keeping the importance of interactive tools in DSE in perspective, various authors have proposed different interactive tools over the years, such as during 1995–2003, when different authors proposed various interactive tools. Some studies (Abut & Ozturk, 1997 ; Mcintyre et al., 1995 ) introduced state of the art interactive tools to teach and enhance the collaborative learning among the students. Similarly, during 2004–2005 more interactive tools in the field of DSE were proposed such as Pahl et al. ( 2004 ), Connolly et al. ( 2005 ) introduced multimedia system based interactive model and game based collaborative learning environment.

The Internet has started to become more common in the first decade of the twenty-first century and its positive impact on the education sector was undeniable. Cost effective, student teacher peer interaction, keeping in touch with the latest information were the main reasons which made the instructors employ web-based tools to teach database in the education sector. Due to this spike in the demand of web-based tools, authors also started to introduce new instruments to assist with teaching database. In 2007 Regueras et al. ( 2007 ) proposed an e-learning tool named QUEST with a feedback module to help the students to learn from their mistakes. Similarly, in 2010, multiple authors have proposed and evaluated various web-based tools. Cvetanovic et al. ( 2010 ) proposed ADVICE with the functionality to monitor student’s progress, while, few authors (Wang et al., 2010 ) proposed Metube which is a variation of YouTube. Furthermore, Nelson and Fatimazahra ( 2010 ) evaluated different web-based tools to highlight the complexities of using these web-based instruments.

Technology has changed the teaching methods in the education sector but technology cannot replace teachers, and despite the amount of time most students spend online, virtual learning will never recreate the teacher-student bond. In the modern era, innovation in technology used in educational sectors is not meant to replace the instructors or teaching methods.

During the 1990s some studies (Dietrich & Urban, 1996 ; Urban & Dietrich, 1997 ) proposed learning and teaching methods respectively keeping the evolving technology in view. The highlight of their work was project deliverables and assignments where students progressively advanced to a step-by-step extension, from a tutorial exercise and then attempting more difficult extension of assignment.

During 2002–2007 various authors have discussed a number of teaching and learning methods to keep up the pace with the ever changing database technology, such as Connolly and Begg ( 2006 ) proposing a constructive approach to teach database analysis and design. Similarly, Prince and Felder ( 2006 ) reviewed the effectiveness of inquiry learning, problem based learning, project-based learning, case-based teaching, discovery learning, and just-in-time teaching. Also, McIntyre et al. (Mcintyre et al., 1995 ) brought to light the impact of convergence of European Union (EU) in different universities across Europe. They suggested a reconstruction of teaching and learning methodologies in order to effectively teach database.

During 2008–2013 more work had been done to address the different methods of teaching and learning in the field of DSE, like the work of Dominguez and Jaime ( 2010 ) who proposed an active learning approach. The focus of their study was to develop the interest of students in designing and developing databases. Also, Zheng and Dong ( 2011 ) have highlighted various characteristics of the database course and its teaching content. Similarly, Yuelan et al. ( 2011 ) have reformed database teaching methods. The main focus of their study were the Modern ways of education, project driven approach, strengthening the experimental aspects, and improving the traditional assessment method. Likewise, Al-Shuaily ( 2012 ) has explored 4 cognitive factors that can affect the learning process of database. The main focus of their study was to facilitate the students in learning SQL. Subsequently, Chen et al. ( 2012 ) also proposed scaffolding-based concept mapping strategy. This strategy helps the students to better understand database management courses. Correspondingly, Martin et al. ( 2013 ) discussed various collaborative learning techniques in the field of DSE while keeping database as an introductory course.

In the years between 2014 and 2021, research in the field of DSE increased, which was the main reason that the most of teaching, learning and assessment methods were proposed and discussed during this period. Rashid and Al-Radhy ( 2014 ) discussed the issues of traditional teaching, learning, assessing methods of database courses at different universities in Kurdistan and the main focus of their study being reformation issues, such as absence of teaching determination and contradiction between content and theory. Similarly, Wang and Chen ( 2014 ) summarized the main problems in teaching the traditional database theory and its application. Curriculum assessment mode was the main focus of their study. Eaglestone and Nunes ( 2004 ) shared their experiences of delivering a databases design course at Sheffield University. Their focus of study included was to teach the database design module to a diverse group of students from different backgrounds. Rashid ( 2015 ) discussed some important features of database courses, whereby reforming the conventional teaching, learning, and assessing strategies of database courses at universities were the main focus of this study. Kui et al. ( 2018 ) reformed the teaching mode of database courses based on flipped classroom. Initiative learning of database courses was their main focus in this study. Similarly, Zhang et al. ( 2018 ) discussed several effective classroom teaching measures. The main focus of their study was teaching content, teaching methods, teaching evaluation and assessment methods. Cai and Gao ( 2019 ) also carried out the teaching reforms in the database course of liberal arts. Diversified teaching modes, such as flipping classroom, case oriented teaching and task oriented were the focus of their study. Teaching Kawash et al. ( 2020 ) proposed a learning approach called Graded Group Activities (GGAs). Their main focus of the study was reforming learning and assessment method.

Database course covers several topics that range from data modeling to data implementation and examination. Over the years, various authors have given their suggestions to update these topics in database curriculum to meet the requirements of modern technologies. On the other hand, authors have also proposed a new curriculum for the students of different academic backgrounds and different areas. These reformations in curriculum helped the students in their preparation, practically and theoretically, and enabled them to compete in the competitive market after graduation.

During 2003 and 2006 authors have proposed various suggestions to update and develop computer science curriculum across different universities. Robbert and Ricardo ( 2003 ) evaluated three reviews from 1999 to 2002 that were given to the groups of educators. The focus of their study was to highlight the trends that occurred in database curriculum. Also, Calero et al. ( 2003 ) proposed a first draft for this Database Body of Knowledge (DBBOK). Database (DB), Database Design (DBD), Database Administration (DBAd), Database Application (DBAp) and Advance Databases (ADVDB) were the main focus of their study. Furthermore, Conklin and Heinrichs (Conklin & Heinrichs, 2005 ) compared the content included in 13 database textbooks and the main focus of their study was IS 2002, CC2001, and CC2004 model curricula.

The years from 2007 and 2011, authors managed to developed various database curricula, like Luo et al. ( 2008 ) developed curricula in Zhejiang University City College. The aim of their study to nurture students to be qualified computer scientists. Likewise, Dietrich et al. ( 2008 ) proposed the techniques to assess the development of an advanced database course. The purpose behind the addition of an advanced database course at undergraduate level was to prepare the students to respond to industrial requirements. Also, Marshall ( 2011 ) developed a new database curriculum for Computer Science degree program in the South African context.

During 2012 and 2021 various authors suggested updates for the database curriculum such as Bhogal et al. ( 2012 ) who suggested updating and modernizing the database curriculum. Data management and data analytics were the focus of their study. Similarly, Picciano ( 2012 ) examined the curriculum in the higher level of American education. The focus of their study was big data and analytics. Also, Zhanquan et al. ( 2016 ) proposed the design for the course content and teaching methods in the classroom. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) were the focus of their study. Likewise, Mingyu et al. ( 2017 ) suggested updating the database curriculum while keeping new technology concerning the database in perspective. The focus of their study was big data.

The above discussion clearly shows that the SQL is most discussed topic in the literature where more than 25% of the studies have discussed it in the previous decade as shown in Fig.  7 . It is pertinent to mention that other SQL databases such as Oracle, MS access are discussed under the SQL banner (Chen et al., 2012 ; Hou & Chen, 2010 ; Wang & Chen, 2014 ). It is mainly because of its ability to handle data in a relational database management system and direct implementation of database theoretical concepts. Also, other database topics such as transaction management, application programming etc. are also the main highlights of the topics discussed in the literature.

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Evolution of Database topics discussed in literature

Research synthesis, advice for instructors, and way forward

This section presents the synthesized information extracted after reading and analyzing the research articles considered in this study. To this end, it firstly contextualizes the tools and methods to help the instructors find suitable tools and methods for their settings. Similarly, developments in curriculum design have also been discussed. Subsequently, general advice for instructors have been discussed. Lastly, promising future research directions for developing new tools, methods, and for revising the curriculum have also been discussed in this section.

Methods, tools, and curriculum

Methods and tools.

Web-based tools proposed by Cvetanovic et al. ( 2010 ) and Wang et al. ( 2010 ) have been quite useful, as they are growing increasingly pertinent as online mode of education is prevalent all around the globe during COVID-19. On the other hand, interactive tools and smart class room methodology has also been used successfully to develop the interest of students in database class. (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ; Connolly et al., 2005 ; Pahl et al., 2004 ; Canedo et al., 2021 ; Ko et al., 2021 ).

One of the most promising combination of methodology and tool has been proposed by Cvetanovic et al. ( 2010 ), whereby they developed a tool named ADVICE that helps students learn and implement database concepts while using project centric methodology, while a game based collaborative learning environment was proposed by Connolly et al. ( 2005 ) that involves a methodology comprising of modeling, articulation, feedback, and exploration. As a whole, project centric teaching (Connolly & Begg, 2006 ; Domínguez & Jaime, 2010 ) and teaching database design and problem solving skills Wang and Chen ( 2014 ), are two successful approaches for DSE. Whereas, other studies (Urban & Dietrich, 1997 ) proposed teaching methods that are more inclined towards practicing database concepts. While a topic specific approach has been proposed by Abbasi et al. ( 2016 ), Taipalus et al. ( 2018 ) and Silva et al. ( 2016 ) to teach and learn SQL. On the other hand, Cai and Gao ( 2019 ) developed a teaching method for students who do not have a computer science background. Lastly, some useful ways for defining assessments for DSE have been proposed by Kawash et al. ( 2020 ) and Zhang et al. ( 2018 ).

Curriculum of database adopted by various institutes around the world does not address how to teach the database course to the students who do not have a strong computer science background. Such as Marshall ( 2012 ), Luo et al. ( 2008 ) and Zhanquan et al. ( 2016 ) have proposed the updates in current database curriculum for the students who are not from computer science background. While Abid et al. ( 2015 ) proposed a combined course content and various methodologies that can be used for teaching database systems course. On the other hand, current database curriculum does not include the topics related to latest technologies in database domain. This factor was discussed by many other studies as well (Bhogal et al., 2012 ; Mehmood et al., 2020 ; Picciano, 2012 ).

Guidelines for instructors

The major conclusion of this study are the suggestions based on the impact and importance for instructors who are teaching DSE. Furthermore, an overview of productivity of every method can be provided by the empirical studies. These instructions are for instructors which are the focal audience of this study. These suggestions are subjective opinions after literature analysis in form of guidelines according to the authors and their meaning and purpose were maintained. According to the literature reviewed, various issues have been found in this section. Some other issues were also found, but those were not relevant to DSE. Following are some suggestions that provide interesting information:

Project centric and applied approach

  • To inculcate database development skills for the students, basic elements of database development need to be incorporated into teaching and learning at all levels including undergraduate studies (Bakar et al., 2011 ). To fulfill this objective, instructors should also improve the data quality in DSE by assigning the projects and assignments to the students where they can assess, measure and improve the data quality using already deployed databases. They should demonstrate that the quality of data is determined not only by the effective design of a database, but also through the perception of the end user (Mathieu & Khalil, 1997 )
  • The gap between the database course theory and industrial practice is big. Fresh graduate students find it difficult to cope up with the industrial pressure because of the contrast between what they have been taught in institutes and its application in industry (Allsopp et al., 2006 ). Involve top performers from classes in industrial projects so that they are able to acquiring sufficient knowledge and practice, especially for post graduate courses. There must be some other activities in which industry practitioners come and present the real projects and also share their industrial experiences with the students. The gap between theoretical and the practical sides of database has been identified by Myers and Skinner ( 1997 ). In order to build practical DS concepts, instructors should provide the students an accurate view of reality and proper tools.

Importance of software development standards and impact of DB in software success

  • They should have the strategies, ability and skills that can align the DSE course with the contemporary Global Software Development (GSD) (Akbar & Safdar, 2015 ; Damian et al., 2006 ).
  • Enable the students to explain the approaches to problem solving, development tools and methodologies. Also, the DS courses are usually taught in normal lecture format. The result of this method is that students cannot see the influence on the success or failure of projects because they do not realize the importance of DS activities.

Pedagogy and the use of education technology

  • Some studies have shown that teaching through play and practical activities helps to improve the knowledge and learning outcome of students (Dicheva et al., 2015 ).
  • Interactive classrooms can help the instructors to deliver their lecture in a more effective way by using virtual white board, digital textbooks, and data over network(Abut & Ozturk, 1997 ). We suggest that in order to follow the new concept of smart classroom, instructors should use the experience of Yau and Karim ( 2003 ) which benefits in cooperative learning among students and can also be adopted in DSE.
  • The instructors also need to update themselves with full spectrum of technology in education, in general, and for DSE, in particular. This is becoming more imperative as during COVID the world is relying strongly on the use of technology, particularly in education sector.

Periodic Curriculum Revision

  • There is also a need to revisit the existing series of courses periodically, so that they are able to offer the following benefits: (a) include the modern day database system concepts; (b) can be offered as a specialization track; (c) a specialized undergraduate degree program may also be designed.

DSE: Way forward

This research combines a significant work done on DSE at one place, thus providing a point to find better ways forward in order to improvise different possible dimensions for improving the teaching process of a database system course in future. This section discusses technology, methods, and modifications in curriculum would most impact the delivery of lectures in coming years.

Several tools have already been developed for effective teaching and learning in database systems. However, there is a great room for developing new tools. Recent rise of the notion of “serious games” is marking its success in several domains. Majority of the research work discussed in this review revolves around web-based tools. The success of serious games invites researchers to explore this new paradigm of developing useful tools for learning and practice database systems concepts.

Likewise, due to COVID-19 the world is setting up new norms, which are expected to affect the methods of teaching as well. This invites the researchers to design, develop, and test flexible tools for online teaching in a more interactive manner. At the same time, it is also imperative to devise new techniques for assessments, especially conducting online exams at massive scale. Moreover, the researchers can implement the idea of instructional design in web-based teaching in which an online classroom can be designed around the learners’ unique backgrounds and effectively delivering the concepts that are considered to be highly important by the instructors.

The teaching, learning and assessment methods discussed in this study can help the instructors to improve their methods in order to teach the database system course in a better way. It is noticed that only 16% of authors have the assessment methods as their focus of study, which clearly highlights that there is still plenty of work needed to be done in this particular domain. Assessment techniques in the database course will help the learners to learn from their mistakes. Also, instructors must realize that there is a massive gap between database theory and practice which can only be reduced with maximum practice and real world database projects.

Similarly, the technology is continuously influencing the development and expansion of modern education, whereas the instructors’ abilities to teach using online platforms are critical to the quality of online education.

In the same way, the ideas like flipped classroom in which students have to prepare the lesson prior to the class can be implemented on web-based teaching. This ensures that the class time can be used for further discussion of the lesson, share ideas and allow students to interact in a dynamic learning environment.

The increasing impact of big data systems, and data science and its anticipated impact on the job market invites the researchers to revisit the fundamental course of database systems as well. There is a need to extend the boundaries of existing contents by including the concepts related to distributed big data systems data storage, processing, and transaction management, with possible glimpse of modern tools and technologies.

As a whole, an interesting and long term extension is to establish a generic and comprehensive framework that engages all the stakeholders with the support of technology to make the teaching, learning, practicing, and assessing easier and more effective.

This SLR presents review on the research work published in the area of database system education, with particular focus on teaching the first course in database systems. The study was carried out by systematically selecting research papers published between 1995 and 2021. Based on the study, a high level categorization presents a taxonomy of the published under the heads of Tools, Methods, and Curriculum. All the selected articles were evaluated on the basis of a quality criteria. Several methods have been developed to effectively teach the database course. These methods focus on improving learning experience, improve student satisfaction, improve students’ course performance, or support the instructors. Similarly, many tools have been developed, whereby some tools are topic based, while others are general purpose tools that apply for whole course. Similarly, the curriculum development activities have also been discussed, where some guidelines provided by ACM/IEEE along with certain standards have been discussed. Apart from this, the evolution in these three areas has also been presented which shows that the researchers have been presenting many different teaching methods throughout the selected period; however, there is a decrease in research articles that address the curriculum and tools in the past five years. Besides, some guidelines for the instructors have also been shared. Also, this SLR proposes a way forward in DSE by emphasizing on the tools: that need to be developed to facilitate instructors and students especially post Covid-19 era, methods: to be adopted by the instructors to close the gap between the theory and practical, Database curricula update after the introduction of emerging technologies such as big data and data science. We also urge that the recognized publication venues for database research including VLDB, ICDM, EDBT should also consider publishing articles related to DSE. The study also highlights the importance of reviving the curricula, tools, and methodologies to cater for recent advancements in the field of database systems.

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CS 764 Topics in Database Management Systems

This course covers a number of advanced topics in the development of database management systems (DBMS) and the modern applications of databases. The topics discussed include query processing and optimization, advanced access methods, advanced concurrency control and recovery, parallel and distributed data systems, implications of cloud computing for data platforms, and data processing with emerging hardware. The course material will be drawn from a number of papers in the database literature. We will cover one paper per lecture. All students are expected to read the paper before coming to the lecture.

Prerequisites: CS 564 or equivalent. If you have concerns about meeting the prerequisties, please contact the instructor.

  • Red Book : Readings in Database Systems (5th edition) - edited by Bailis, Hellerstein, and Stonebraker.
  • Cow Book : Database Management Systems (3rd edition) - by Raghu Ramakrishnan and Johannes Gehrke, McGraw Hill, 2003.

Lecture Format: Each lecture focuses on a classic or modern research paper. Students will read the paper and submit a review to https://wisc-cs764-f21.hotcrp.com before the lecture starts. Here is a sample review for the paper on join processing.

Course projects: A big component of this course is a research project. For the project, you pick a topic in the area of data management systems, and explore it in depth. Here are lists of suggested project topics created in 2020 and 2021 , but you are encouraged to select a project outside of the list. The course project is a group project, and each group must be of size 2-4. Please start looking for project partners right away. The course project will include a project proposal, a short presentation at the end of the semester, and a final project report. Here are three sample projects from previous years ( sample1 , sample2 , sample3 ). The presentations are organized as a workshop. Please see the program information for DAWN 2019 to have an idea of what it looks like. The project has the following deadlines:

  • Proposal due: Oct. 25
  • Presentation: Dec. 13 & 15
  • Paper submission: Dec. 18
  • CloudLab: https://www.cloudlab.us/signup.php?pid=NextGenDB (project name: NextGenDB)
  • Chameleon: https://www.chameleoncloud.org (project name: ngdb)
  • Paper review: 15%
  • Project proposal: 10%
  • Project presentation: 10%
  • Project final report: 30%
-->
Lec# Date Topic Reading Slides
1 Wed 9/8 Introduction None
2 Mon 9/13 Join Leonard Shapiro, . ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1986
[optional] Laura Haas, et al., . JVLDB, 1997
[optional] Jaeyoung Do, Jignesh Patel, . DaMoN, 2009
3 Wed 9/15 Radix Join Peter Boncz, et al., . VLDB, 1999
[optional] Spyros Blanas, et al. .SIGMOD, 2011
4 Mon 9/20 Buffer Management Hong-Tai Chou, David DeWitt, . Algorithmica, 1986
[optional] Jim Gray, Gianfranco R. Putzolu, . SIGMOD, 1987
5 Wed 9/22 Buffer with NVM Xinjing Zhou, et al. . SIGMOD, 2021
[optional] Alexander van Renen, et al., . SIGMOD, 2018
6 Mon 9/27 Query Optimization Patricia G. Selinger, et al., . SIGMOD, 1979
[optional] Surajit Chaudhuri, . PODS, 1998 . Commun. ACM 1970. -->
7 Wed 9/29 Distribution Robert Epstein, et al., . SIGMOD, 1978
[optional] David DeWitt, Jim Gray, . Communications of the ACM, 1992
Wed 9/22 Query Optimization-2 Surajit Chaudhuri, . PODS 1998.
. VLDB 1990.
8 Mon 10/4 Granularity of Locks Jim Gray, et al., . Modelling in Data Base Management Systems, 1976
9 Wed 10/6 Isolation Hal Berenson, et al., . SIGMOD Record, 1995
10 Mon 10/11 Optimistic CC H. T. Kung, John T. Robinson, . ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1981
[optional] Per-Ake Larson, et al., . VLDB, 2011
11 Wed 10/13 Modern OCC Stephen Tu, et al., . SOSP, 2013
[optional] Xiangyao Yu, et al., . SIGMOD, 2016
12 Mon 10/18 Guest Lecture from Oracle : Oracle Database In-Memory and Accelerated Analytic Performance
: The Oracle Database In-Memory (DBIM) is an industry-first dual format in-memory database that maintains transactional consistent data in both row and columnar formats. This unique architecture enables analytic and OLTP workloads to coexist simultaneously, bringing together the best of both worlds. Algorithms across the database stack have been redesigned to directly process encoded and compressed columnar data at memory bandwidth speeds using SIMD vector processing. In this talk, I will introduce the dual-format architecture of Oracle Database In-Memory, how DBIM is integrated with RDBMS To handle HTAP workload seamlessly, and describe the novel algorithms we invented to improve analytic workload performance. With all the features, In-Memory is able to improve the Star Schema Benchmark by multiple orders of magnitude.
: Weiwei Gong is the Senior Manager of Data and In-Memory Technologies at Oracle. Passionate about hardware software co-design, Weiwei leads a team that builds performance-critical features of Oracle Database In-Memory. Her work has enabled efficient analytic query processing by leveraging emerging hardware technologies. Weiwei earned her M.S. from Renmin University of China, and Ph.D. from UMass Boston, both in Computer Science.
13 Wed 10/20 Blink Tree Philip Lehman, S. Bing Yao, . ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1981
14 Mon 10/25 Guest Lecture from Amazon : Running Amazon Redshift at scale
: Amazon Redshift is a high performance, secure, scalable and highly available managed data-warehouse service. In this talk, we explore practical aspects of running Amazon Redshift at scale: providing customers elasticity without compromising performance and availability. We will deep dive into Storage and Compute Elasticity: the two features that enable customers to scale up/down based on their need and better manage their costs. We would like encourage attendees to read below Redshift research papers prior to the talk next week to get some additional background on the Redshift architecture - Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses by Gupta et al The evolution of Amazon Redshift (extended abstract) by Pandis et al.
: is a principal engineer at AWS and received a PhD from University of Toronto and has been working in the areas of storage, databases, and analytics. He has published several academic papers in Usenix FAST, VLDB, and SIGMETRICS conferences. He has been at AWS since 2018 and worked on delivering Elastic Resize, Cross-instance Restore, and Redshift ML for Amazon Redshift. is a senior engineer at AWS since 2019. He has contributed to Amazon Redshift Managed Storage's launch and on going development and maintenance. He graduated from University of Wisconsin-Madison with a PhD in storage systems, advised by Prof. Andrea and Prof Remzi Arpaci Dusseau.
15 Wed 10/27 Adaptive Radix Tree Viktor Leis, et al., . ICDE, 2013
Yandong Mao, et al., . EuroSys, 2012
16 Mon 11/1 Durability Philip Bernstein, et al., . Addison-wesley, 1987
17 Wed 11/3 ARIES C. Mohan, et al. . ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1992
18 Mon 11/8 Two-Phase Commit C. Mohan, et al., . ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1986
[optional] Philip Bernstein, et al., . Addison-wesley, 1987
19 Wed 11/10 Exam review , --> , ,
20 Mon 11/15 Exam Take home exam.
21 Wed 11/17 Replication Jim Gray, et al., . SIGMOD, 1996
22 Mon 11/22 Deterministic DBMS Yi Lu, et al., . VLDB, 2020
[optional] Alexander Thomson, et al., . SIGMOD, 2012
23 Wed 11/24 Project Meetings Each group meets with the instructor to discuss the final project.
24 Mon 11/29 Cloud OLTP Donald Kossmann, et al., . SIGMOD, 2010
[optional] Matthias Brantner, et al., . SIGMOD, 2008
25 Wed 12/1 Amazon Aurora Alexandre Verbitski, et al., . SIGMOD, 2017
[optional] Panagiotis Antonopoulos, et al., . SIGMOD, 2019
26 Mon 12/6 Snowflake Benoit Dageville, et al., . SIGMOD, 2016
27 Wed 12/8 Pushdown DBMS Yifei Yang, et al., . VLDB, 2021
[optional] Xiangyao Yu, et al., . ICDE, 2020
28 Mon 12/13 DAWN Workshop
29 Wed 12/15 DAWN Workshop

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Advances in database systems education: Methods, tools, curricula, and way forward

  • Published: 31 August 2022
  • Volume 28 , pages 2681–2725, ( 2023 )

Cite this article

research topics in database management systems

  • Muhammad Ishaq 1 ,
  • Adnan Abid 2 , 3 ,
  • Muhammad Shoaib Farooq 3 ,
  • Muhammad Faraz Manzoor 3 , 4 ,
  • Uzma Farooq 3 ,
  • Kamran Abid 5 &
  • Mamoun Abu Helou 6  

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Fundamentals of Database Systems is a core course in computing disciplines as almost all small, medium, large, or enterprise systems essentially require data storage component. Database System Education (DSE) provides the foundation as well as advanced concepts in the area of data modeling and its implementation. The first course in DSE holds a pivotal role in developing students’ interest in this area. Over the years, the researchers have devised several different tools and methods to teach this course effectively, and have also been revisiting the curricula for database systems education. In this study a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is presented that distills the existing literature pertaining to the DSE to discuss these three perspectives for the first course in database systems. Whereby, this SLR also discusses how the developed teaching and learning assistant tools, teaching and assessment methods and database curricula have evolved over the years due to rapid change in database technology. To this end, more than 65 articles related to DSE published between 1995 and 2022 have been shortlisted through a structured mechanism and have been reviewed to find the answers of the aforementioned objectives. The article also provides useful guidelines to the instructors, and discusses ideas to extend this research from several perspectives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research work that presents a broader review about the research conducted in the area of DSE.

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1 Introduction

Database systems play a pivotal role in the successful implementation of the information systems to ensure the smooth running of many different organizations and companies (Etemad & Küpçü, 2018 ; Morien, 2006 ). Therefore, at least one course about the fundamentals of database systems is taught in every computing and information systems degree (Nagataki et al., 2013 ). Database System Education (DSE) is concerned with different aspects of data management while developing software (Park et al., 2017 ). The IEEE/ACM computing curricula guidelines endorse 30–50 dedicated hours for teaching fundamentals of design and implementation of database systems so as to build a very strong theoretical and practical understanding of the DSE topics (Cvetanovic et al., 2010 ).

Practically, most of the universities offer one user-oriented course at undergraduate level that covers topics related to the data modeling and design, querying, and a limited number of hours on theory (Conklin & Heinrichs, 2005 ; Robbert & Ricardo, 2003 ), where it is often debatable whether to utilize a design-first or query-first approach. Furthermore, in order to update the course contents, some recent trends, including big data and the notion of NoSQL should also be introduced in this basic course (Dietrich et al., 2008 ; Garcia-Molina, 2008 ). Whereas, the graduate course is more theoretical and includes topics related to DB architecture, transactions, concurrency, reliability, distribution, parallelism, replication, query optimization, along with some specialized classes.

Researchers have designed a variety of tools for making different concepts of introductory database course more interesting and easier to teach and learn interactively (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ) either using visual support (Nagataki et al., 2013 ), or with the help of gamification (Fisher & Khine, 2006 ). Similarly, the instructors have been improvising different methods to teach (Abid et al., 2015 ; Domínguez & Jaime, 2010 ) and evaluate (Kawash et al., 2020 ) this theoretical and practical course. Also, the emerging and hot topics such as cloud computing and big data has also created the need to revise the curriculum and methods to teach DSE (Manzoor et al., 2020 ).

The research in database systems education has evolved over the years with respect to modern contents influenced by technological advancements, supportive tools to engage the learners for better learning, and improvisations in teaching and assessment methods. Particularly, in recent years there is a shift from self-describing data-driven systems to a problem-driven paradigm that is the bottom-up approach where data exists before being designed. This mainly relies on scientific, quantitative, and empirical methods for building models, while pushing the boundaries of typical data management by involving mathematics, statistics, data mining, and machine learning, thus opening a multidisciplinary perspective. Hence, it is important to devote a few lectures to introducing the relevance of such advance topics.

Researchers have provided useful review articles on other areas including Introductory Programming Language (Mehmood et al., 2020 ), use of gamification (Obaid et al., 2020 ), research trends in the use of enterprise service bus (Aziz et al., 2020 ), and the role of IoT in agriculture (Farooq et al., 2019 , 2020 ) However, to the best of our knowledge, no such study was found in the area of database systems education. Therefore, this study discusses research work published in different areas of database systems education involving curricula, tools, and approaches that have been proposed to teach an introductory course on database systems in an effective manner. The rest of the article has been structured in the following manner: Sect.  2 presents related work and provides a comparison of the related surveys with this study. Section  3 presents the research methodology for this study. Section  4 analyses the major findings of the literature reviewed in this research and categorizes it into different important aspects. Section  5 represents advices for the instructors and future directions. Lastly, Sect.  6 concludes the article.

2 Related work

Systematic Literature Reviews have been found to be a very useful artifact for covering and understanding a domain. A number of interesting review studies have been found in different fields (Farooq et al., 2021 ; Ishaq et al., 2021 ). Review articles are generally categorized into narrative or traditional reviews (Abid et al., 2016 ; Ramzan et al., 2019 ), systematic literature review (Naeem et al., 2020 ) and meta reviews or mapping study (Aria & Cuccurullo, 2017 ; Cobo et al., 2012 ; Tehseen et al., 2020 ). This study presents a systematic literature review on database system education.

The database systems education has been discussed from many different perspectives which include teaching and learning methods, curriculum development, and the facilitation of instructors and students by developing different tools. For instance, a number of research articles have been published focusing on developing tools for teaching database systems course (Abut & Ozturk, 1997 ; Connolly et al., 2005 ; Pahl et al., 2004 ). Furthermore, few authors have evaluated the DSE tools by conducting surveys and performing empirical experiments so as to gauge the effectiveness of these tools and their degree of acceptance among important stakeholders, teachers and students (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ; Nelson & Fatimazahra, 2010 ). On the other hand, some case studies have also been discussed to evaluate the effectiveness of the improvised approaches and developed tools. For example, Regueras et al. ( 2007 ) presented a case study using the QUEST system, in which e-learning strategies are used to teach the database course at undergraduate level, while, Myers and Skinner ( 1997 ) identified the conflicts that arise when theories in text books regarding the development of databases do not work on specific applications.

Another important facet of DSE research focuses on the curriculum design and evolution for database systems, whereby (Alrumaih, 2016 ; Bhogal et al., 2012 ; Cvetanovic et al., 2010 ; Sahami et al., 2011 ) have proposed solutions for improvements in database curriculum for the better understanding of DSE among the students, while also keeping the evolving technology into the perspective. Similarly, Mingyu et al. ( 2017 ) have shared their experience in reforming the DSE curriculum by adding topics related to Big Data. A few authors have also developed and evaluated different tools to help the instructors teaching DSE.

There are further studies which focus on different aspects including specialized tools for specific topics in DSE (Mcintyre et al, 1995 ; Nelson & Fatimazahra, 2010 ). For instance, Mcintyre et al. ( 1995 ) conducted a survey about using state of the art software tools to teach advanced relational database design courses at Cleveland State University. However, the authors did not discuss the DSE curricula and pedagogy in their study. Similarly, a review has been conducted by Nelson and Fatimazahra ( 2010 ) to highlight the fact that the understanding of basic knowledge of database is important for students of the computer science domain as well as those belonging to other domains. They highlighted the issues encountered while teaching the database course in universities and suggested the instructors investigate these difficulties so as to make this course more effective for the students. Although authors have discussed and analyzed the tools to teach database, the tools are yet to be categorized according to different methods and research types within DSE. There also exists an interesting systematic mapping study by Taipalus and Seppänen ( 2020 ) that focuses on teaching SQL which is a specific topic of DSE. Whereby, they categorized the selected primary studies into six categories based on their research types. They utilized directed content analysis, such as, student errors in query formulation, characteristics and presentation of the exercise database, specific or non-specific teaching approach suggestions, patterns and visualization, and easing teacher workload.

Another relevant study that focuses on collaborative learning techniques to teach the database course has been conducted by Martin et al. ( 2013 ) This research discusses collaborative learning techniques and adapted it for the introductory database course at the Barcelona School of Informatics. The motive of the authors was to introduce active learning methods to improve learning and encourage the acquisition of competence. However, the focus of the study was only on a few methods for teaching the course of database systems, while other important perspectives, including database curricula, and tools for teaching DSE were not discussed in this study.

The above discussion shows that a considerable amount of research work has been conducted in the field of DSE to propose various teaching methods; develop and test different supportive tools, techniques, and strategies; and to improve the curricula for DSE. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that puts all these relevant and pertinent aspects together while also classifying and discussing the supporting methods, and techniques. This review is considerably different from previous studies. Table 1 highlights the differences between this study and other relevant studies in the field of DSE using ✓ and – symbol reflecting "included" and "not included" respectively. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic mapping study on DSE that focuses on compiling, classifying, and discussing the existing work related to pedagogy, supporting tools, and curricula.

3 Research methodology

In order to preserve the principal aim of this study, which is to review the research conducted in the area of database systems education, a piece of advice has been collected from existing methods described in various studies (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ; Keele et al., 2007 ; Mushtaq et al., 2017 ) to search for the relevant papers. Thus, proper research objectives were formulated, and based on them appropriate research questions and search strategy were formulated as shown in Fig.  1 .

figure 1

Research methodology

4 Research objectives

The Following are the research objectives of this study:

To find high quality research work in DSE.

To categorize different aspects of DSE covered by other researchers in the field.

To provide a thorough discussion of the existing work in this study to provide useful information in the form of evolution, teaching guidelines, and future research directions of the instructors.

5 Research questions

In order to fulfill the research objectives, some relevant research questions have been formulated. These questions along with their motivations have been presented in Table 2 .

5.1 Search strategy

The Following search string used to find relevant articles to conduct this study. “Database” AND (“System” OR “Management”) AND (“Education*” OR “Train*” OR “Tech*” OR “Learn*” OR “Guide*” OR “Curricul*”).

Articles have been taken from different sources i.e. IEEE, Springer, ACM, Science Direct and other well-known journals and conferences such as Wiley Online Library, PLOS and ArXiv. The planning for search to find the primary study in the field of DSE is a vital task.

5.2 Study selection

A total of 29,370 initial studies were found. These articles went through a selection process, and two authors were designated to shortlist the articles based on the defined inclusion criteria as shown in Fig.  2 . Their conflicts were resolved by involving a third author; while the inclusion/exclusion criteria were also refined after resolving the conflicts as shown in Table 3 . Cohen’s Kappa coefficient 0.89 was observed between the two authors who selected the articles, which reflects almost perfect agreement between them (Landis & Koch, 1977 ). While, the number of papers in different stages of the selection process for all involved portals has been presented in Table 4 .

figure 2

Study selection

Title based search: Papers that are irrelevant based on their title are manually excluded in the first stage. At this stage, there was a large portion of irrelevant papers. Only 609 papers remained after this stage.

Abstract based search: At this stage, abstracts of the selected papers in the previous stage are studied and the papers are categorized for the analysis along with research approach. After this stage only 152 papers were left.

Full text based analysis: Empirical quality of the selected articles in the previous stage is evaluated at this stage. The analysis of full text of the article has been conducted. The total of 70 papers were extracted from 152 papers for primary study. Following questions are defined for the conduction of final data extraction.

5.2.1 Quality assessment criteria

Following are the criteria used to assess the quality of the selected primary studies. This quality assessment was conducted by two authors as explained above.

The study focuses on curricula, tools, approach, or assessments in DSE, the possible answers were Yes (1), No (0)

The study presents a solution to the problem in DSE, the possible answers to this question were Yes (1), Partially (0.5), No (0)

The study focuses on empirical results, Yes (1), No (0)

The study is published in a well reputed venue that is adjudged through the CORE ranking of conferences, and Scientific Journal Ranking (SJR). The possible answers to this question are given in Table 5 .

Almost 50.00% of papers had scored more than average and 33.33% of papers had scored between the average range i.e., 2.50–3.50. Some articles with the score below 2.50 have also been included in this study as they present some useful information and were published in education-based journals. Also, these studies discuss important demography and technology based aspects that are directly related to DSE.

5.3 Threats to validity

The validity of this study could be influenced by the following factors during the literature of this publication.

Construct validity

In this study this validity identifies the primary study for research (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ). To ensure that many primary studies have been included in this literature two authors have proposed possible search keywords in multiple repetitions. Search string is comprised of different terms related to DS and education. Though, list might be incomplete, count of final papers found can be changed by the alternative terms (Ampatzoglou et al., 2013 ). IEEE digital library, Science direct, ACM digital library, Wiley Online Library, PLOS, ArXiv and Google scholar are the main libraries where search is done. We believe according to the statistics of search engines of literature the most research can be found on these digital libraries (Garousi et al., 2013 ). Researchers also searched related papers in main DS research sites (VLDB, ICDM, EDBT) in order to minimize the risk of missing important publication.

Including the papers that does not belong to top journals or conferences may reduce the quality of primary studies in this research but it indicates that the representativeness of the primary studies is improved. However, certain papers which were not from the top publication sources are included because of their relativeness wisth the literature, even though they reduce the average score for primary studies. It also reduces the possibility of alteration of results which might have caused by the improper handling of duplicate papers. Some cases of duplications were found which were inspected later whether they were the same study or not. The two authors who have conducted the search has taken the final decision to the select the papers. If there is no agreement between then there must be discussion until an agreement is reached.

Internal validity

This validity deals with extraction and data analysis (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ). Two authors carried out the data extraction and primary studies classification. While the conflicts between them were resolved by involving a third author. The Kappa coefficient was 0.89, according to Landis and Koch ( 1977 ), this value indicates almost perfect level of agreement between the authors that reduces this threat significantly.

Conclusion validity

This threat deals with the identification of improper results which may cause the improper conclusions. In this case this threat deals with the factors like missing studies and wrong data extraction (Ampatzoglou et al., 2013 ). The objective of this is to limit these factors so that other authors can perform study and produce the proper conclusions (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ).

Interpretation of results might be affected by the selection and classification of primary studies and analyzing the selected study. Previous section has clearly described each step performed in primary study selection and data extraction activity to minimize this threat. The traceability between the result and data extracted was supported through the different charts. In our point of view, slight difference based on the publication selection and misclassification would not alter the main results.

External validity

This threat deals with the simplification of this research (Mateo et al., 2012 ). The results of this study were only considered that related to the DSE filed and validation of the conclusions extracted from this study only concerns the DSE context. The selected study representativeness was not affected because there was no restriction on time to find the published research. Therefore, this external validity threat is not valid in the context of this research. DS researchers can take search string and the paper classification scheme represented in this study as an initial point and more papers can be searched and categorized according to this scheme.

6 Analysis of compiled research articles

This section presents the analysis of the compiled research articles carefully selected for this study. It presents the findings with respect to the research questions described in Table 2 .

6.1 Selection results

A total of 70 papers were identified and analyzed for the answers of RQs described above. Table 6 represents a list of the nominated papers with detail of the classification results and their quality assessment scores.

6.1.1 RQ1.Categorization of research work in DSE field

The analysis in this study reveals that the literature can be categorized as: Tools: any additional application that helps instructors in teaching and students in learning. Methods: any improvisation aimed at improving pedagogy or cognition. Curriculum: refers to the course content domains and their relative importance in a degree program, as shown in Fig.  3 .

figure 3

Taxonomy of DSE study types

Most of the articles provide a solution by gathering the data and also prove the novelty of their research through results. These papers are categorized as experiments w.r.t. their research types. Whereas, some of them case study papers which are used to generate an in depth, multifaceted understanding of a complex issue in its real-life context, while few others are review studies analyzing the previously used approaches. On the other hand, a majority of included articles have evaluated their results with the help of experiments, while others conducted reviews to establish an opinion as shown in Fig.  4 .

figure 4

Cross Mapping of DSE study type and research Types

Educational tools, especially those related to technology, are making their place in market faster than ever before (Calderon et al., 2011 ). The transition to active learning approaches, with the learner more engaged in the process rather than passively taking in information, necessitates a variety of tools to help ensure success. As with most educational initiatives, time should be taken to consider the goals of the activity, the type of learners, and the tools needed to meet the goals. Constant reassessment of tools is important to discover innovation and reforms that improve teaching and learning (Irby & Wilkerson, 2003 ). For this purpose, various type of educational tools such as, interactive, web-based and game based have been introduced to aid the instructors in order to explain the topic in more effective way.

The inclusion of technology into the classroom may help learners to compete in the competitive market when approaching the start of their career. It is important for the instructors to acknowledge that the students are more interested in using technology to learn database course instead of merely being taught traditional theory, project, and practice-based methods of teaching (Adams et al., 2004 ). Keeping these aspects in view many authors have done significant research which includes web-based and interactive tools to help the learners gain better understanding of basic database concepts.

Great research has been conducted with the focus of students learning. In this study we have discussed the students learning supportive with two major finding’s objectives i.e., tools which prove to be more helpful than other tools. Whereas, proposed tools with same outcome as traditional classroom environment. Such as, Abut and Ozturk ( 1997 ) proposed an interactive classroom environment to conduct database classes. The online tools such as electronic “Whiteboard”, electronic textbooks, advance telecommunication networks and few other resources such as Matlab and World Wide Web were the main highlights of their proposed smart classroom. Also, Pahl et al. ( 2004 ) presented an interactive multimedia-based system for the knowledge and skill oriented Web-based education of database course students. The authors had differentiated their proposed classroom environment from traditional classroom-based approach by using tool mediated independent learning and training in an authentic setting. On the other hand, some authors have also evaluated the educational tools based on their usage and impact on students’ learning. For example, Brusilovsky et al. ( 2010 )s evaluated the technical and conceptual difficulties of using several interactive educational tools in the context of a single course. A combined Exploratorium has been presented for database courses and an experimental platform, which delivers modified access to numerous types of interactive learning activities.

Also, Taipalus and Perälä ( 2019 ) investigated the types of errors that are persistent in writing SQL by the students. The authors also contemplated the errors while mapping them onto different query concepts. Moreover, Abelló Gamazo et al. ( 2016 ) presented a software tool for the e-assessment of relational database skills named LearnSQL. The proposed software allows the automatic and efficient e-learning and e-assessment of relational database skills. Apart from these, Yue ( 2013 ) proposed the database tool named Sakila as a unified platform to support instructions and multiple assignments of a graduate database course for five semesters. According to this study, students find this tool more useful and interesting than the highly simplified databases developed by the instructor, or obtained from textbook. On the other hand, authors have proposed tools with the main objective to help the student’s grip on the topic by addressing the pedagogical problems in using the educational tools. Connolly et al. ( 2005 ) discussed some of the pedagogical problems sustaining the development of a constructive learning environment using problem-based learning, a simulation game and interactive visualizations to help teach database analysis and design. Also, Yau and Karim ( 2003 ) proposed smart classroom with prevalent computing technology which will facilitate collaborative learning among the learners. The major aim of this smart classroom is to improve the quality of interaction between the instructors and students during lecture.

Student satisfaction is also an important factor for the educational tools to more effective. While it supports in students learning process it should also be flexible to achieve the student’s confidence by making it as per student’s needs (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ; Connolly et al., 2005 ; Pahl et al., 2004 ). Also, Cvetanovic et al. ( 2010 ) has proposed a web-based educational system named ADVICE. The proposed solution helps the students to reduce the gap between DBMS, theory and its practice. On the other hand, authors have enhanced the already existing educational tools in the traditional classroom environment to addressed the student’s concerns (Nelson & Fatimazahra, 2010 ; Regueras et al., 2007 ) Table 7 .

Hands on database development is the main concern in most of the institute as well as in industry. However, tools assisting the students in database development and query writing is still major concern especially in SQL (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ; Nagataki et al., 2013 ).

Student’s grades reflect their conceptual clarity and database development skills. They are also important to secure jobs and scholarships after passing out, which is why it is important to have the educational learning tools to help the students to perform well in the exams (Cvetanovic et al., 2010 ; Taipalus et al., 2018 ). While, few authors (Wang et al., 2010 ) proposed Metube which is a variation of YouTube. Subsequently, existing educational tools needs to be upgraded or replaced by the more suitable assessment oriented interactive tools to attend challenging students needs (Pahl et al., 2004 ; Yuelan et al., 2011 ).

One other objective of developing the educational tools is to increase the interaction between the students and the instructors. In the modern era, almost every institute follows the student centered learning(SCL). In SCL the interaction between students and instructor increases with most of the interaction involves from the students. In order to support SCL the educational based interactive and web-based tools need to assign more roles to students than the instructors (Abbasi et al., 2016 ; Taipalus & Perälä, 2019 ; Yau & Karim, 2003 ).

Theory versus practice is still one of the main issues in DSE teaching methods. The traditional teaching method supports theory first and then the concepts learned in the theoretical lectures implemented in the lab. Whereas, others think that it is better to start by teaching how to write query, which should be followed by teaching the design principles for database, while a limited amount of credit hours are also allocated for the general database theory topics. This part of the article discusses different trends of teaching and learning style along with curriculum and assessments methods discussed in DSE literature.

A variety of teaching methods have been designed, experimented, and evaluated by different researchers (Yuelan et al., 2011 ; Chen et al., 2012 ; Connolly & Begg, 2006 ). Some authors have reformed teaching methods based on the requirements of modern way of delivering lectures such as Yuelan et al. ( 2011 ) reform teaching method by using various approaches e.g. a) Modern ways of education: includes multimedia sound, animation, and simulating the process and working of database systems to motivate and inspire the students. b) Project driven approach: aims to make the students familiar with system operations by implementing a project. c) Strengthening the experimental aspects: to help the students get a strong grip on the basic knowledge of database and also enable them to adopt a self-learning ability. d) Improving the traditional assessment method: the students should turn in their research and development work as the content of the exam, so that they can solve their problem on their own.

The main aim of any teaching method is to make student learn the subject effectively. Student must show interest in order to gain something from the lectures delivered by the instructors. For this, teaching methods should be interactive and interesting enough to develop the interest of the students in the subject. Students can show interest in the subject by asking more relative questions or completing the home task and assignments on time. Authors have proposed few teaching methods to make topic more interesting such as, Chen et al. ( 2012 ) proposed a scaffold concept mapping strategy, which considers a student’s prior knowledge, and provides flexible learning aids (scaffolding and fading) for reading and drawing concept maps. Also, Connolly & Begg (200s6) examined different problems in database analysis and design teaching, and proposed a teaching approach driven by principles found in the constructivist epistemology to overcome these problems. This constructivist approach is based on the cognitive apprenticeship model and project-based learning. Similarly, Domínguez & Jaime ( 2010 ) proposed an active method for database design through practical tasks development in a face-to-face course. They analyzed results of five academic years using quasi experimental. The first three years a traditional strategy was followed and a course management system was used as material repository. On the other hand, Dietrich and Urban ( 1996 ) have described the use of cooperative group learning concepts in support of an undergraduate database management course. They have designed the project deliverables in such a way that students develop skills for database implementation. Similarly, Zhang et al. ( 2018 ) have discussed several effective classroom teaching measures from the aspects of the innovation of teaching content, teaching methods, teaching evaluation and assessment methods. They have practiced the various teaching measures by implementing the database technologies and applications in Qinghai University. Moreover, Hou and Chen ( 2010 ) proposed a new teaching method based on blending learning theory, which merges traditional and constructivist methods. They adopted the method by applying the blending learning theory on Access Database programming course teaching.

Problem solving skills is a key aspect to any type of learning at any age. Student must possess this skill to tackle the hurdles in institute and also in industry. Create mind and innovative students find various and unique ways to solve the daily task which is why they are more likeable to secure good grades and jobs. Authors have been working to introduce teaching methods to develop problem solving skills in the students(Al-Shuaily, 2012 ; Cai & Gao, 2019 ; Martinez-González & Duffing, 2007 ; Gudivada et al., 2007 ). For instance, Al-Shuaily ( 2012 ) has explored four cognitive factors such as i) Novices’ ability in understanding, ii) Novices’ ability to translate, iii) Novice’s ability to write, iv) Novices’ skills that might influence SQL teaching, and learning methods and approaches. Also, Cai and Gao ( 2019 ) have reformed the teaching method in the database course of two higher education institutes in China. Skills and knowledge, innovation ability, and data abstraction were the main objective of their study. Similarly, Martinez-González and Duffing ( 2007 ) analyzed the impact of convergence of European Union (EU) in different universities across Europe. According to their study, these institutes need to restructure their degree program and teaching methodologies. Moreover, Gudivada et al. ( 2007 ) proposed a student’s learning method to work with the large datasets. they have used the Amazon Web Services API and.NET/C# application to extract a subset of the product database to enhance student learning in a relational database course.

On the other hand, authors have also evaluated the traditional teaching methods to enhance the problem-solving skills among the students(Eaglestone & Nunes, 2004 ; Wang & Chen, 2014 ; Efendiouglu & Yelken, 2010 ) Such as, Eaglestone and Nunes ( 2004 ) shared their experiences of delivering a database design course at Sheffield University and discussed some of the issues they faced, regarding teaching, learning and assessments. Likewise, Wang and Chen ( 2014 ) summarized the problems mainly in teaching of the traditional database theory and application. According to the authors the teaching method is outdated and does not focus on the important combination of theory and practice. Moreover, Efendiouglu and Yelken ( 2010 ) investigated the effects of two different methods Programmed Instruction (PI) and Meaningful Learning (ML) on primary school teacher candidates’ academic achievements and attitudes toward computer-based education, and to define their views on these methods. The results show that PI is not favoured for teaching applications because of its behavioural structure Table 8 .

Students become creative and innovative when the try to study on their own and also from different resources rather than curriculum books only. In the modern era, there are various resources available on both online and offline platforms. Modern teaching methods must emphasize on making the students independent from the curriculum books and educate them to learn independently(Amadio et al., 2003 ; Cai & Gao, 2019 ; Martin et al., 2013 ). Also, in the work of Kawash et al. ( 2020 ) proposed he group study-based learning approach called Graded Group Activities (GGAs). In this method students team up in order to take the exam as a group. On the other hand, few studies have emphasized on course content to prepare students for the final exams such as, Zheng and Dong ( 2011 ) have discussed the issues of computer science teaching with particular focus on database systems, where different characteristics of the course, teaching content and suggestions to teach this course effectively have been presented.

As technology is evolving at rapid speed, so students need to have practical experience from the start. Basic theoretical concepts of database are important but they are of no use without its implementation in real world projects. Most of the students study in the institutes with the aim of only clearing the exams with the help of theoretical knowledge and very few students want to have practical experience(Wang & Chen, 2014 ; Zheng & Dong, 2011 ). To reduce the gap between the theory and its implementation, authors have proposed teaching methods to develop the student’s interest in the real-world projects (Naik & Gajjar, 2021 ; Svahnberg et al., 2008 ; Taipalus et al., 2018 ). Moreover, Juxiang and Zhihong ( 2012 ) have proposed that the teaching organization starts from application scenarios, and associate database theoretical knowledge with the process from analysis, modeling to establishing database application. Also, Svahnberg et al. ( 2008 ) explained that in particular conditions, there is a possibility to use students as subjects for experimental studies in DSE and influencing them by providing responses that are in line with industrial practice.

On the other hand, Nelson et al. ( 2003 ) evaluated the different teaching methods used to teach different modules of database in the School of Computing and Technology at the University of Sunder- land. They outlined suggestions for changes to the database curriculum to further integrate research and state-of-the-art systems in databases.

Database curriculum has been revisited many times in the form of guidelines that not only present the contents but also suggest approximate time to cover different topics. According to the ACM curriculum guidelines (Lunt et al., 2008 ) for the undergraduate programs in computer science, the overall coverage time for this course is 46.50 h distributed in such a way that 11 h is the total coverage time for the core topics such as, Information Models (4 core hours), Database Systems (3 core hours) and Data Modeling (4 course hours). Whereas, the remaining hours are allocated for elective topics such as Indexing, Relational Databases, Query Languages, Relational Database Design, Transaction Processing, Distributed Databases, Physical Database Design, Data Mining, Information Storage and Retrieval, Hypermedia, Multimedia Systems, and Digital Libraries(Marshall, 2012 ). While, according to the ACM curriculum guidelines ( 2013 ) for undergraduate programs in computer science, this course should be completed in 15 weeks with two and half hour lecture per week and lab session of four hours per week on average (Brady et al., 2004 ). Thus, the revised version emphasizes on the practice based learning with the help of lab component. Numerous organizations have exerted efforts in this field to classify DSE (Dietrich et al., 2008 ). DSE model curricula, bodies of knowledge (BOKs), and some standardization aspects in this field are discussed below:

Model curricula

There are standard bodies who set the curriculum guidelines for teaching undergraduate degree programs in computing disciplines. Curricula which include the guidelines to teach database are: Computer Engineering Curricula (CEC) (Meier et al., 2008 ), Information Technology Curricula (ITC) (Alrumaih, 2016 ), Computing Curriculum Software Engineering (CCSE) (Meyer, 2001 ), Cyber Security Curricula (CSC) (Brady et al., 2004 ; Bishop et al., 2017 ).

Bodies of knowledge (BOK)

A BOK includes the set of thoughts and activities related to the professional area, while in model curriculum set of guidelines are given to address the education issues (Sahami et al., 2011 ). Database body of Knowledge comprises of (a) The Data Management Body of Knowledge (DM- BOK), (b) Software Engineering Education Knowledge (SEEK) (Sobel, 2003 ) (Sobel, 2003 ), and (c) The SE body of knowledge (SWEBOK) (Swebok Evolution: IEEE Computer Society n.d. ).

Apart from the model curricula, and bodies of knowledge, there also exist some standards related to the database and its different modules: ISO/IEC 9075–1:2016 (Computing Curricula, 1991 ), ISO/IEC 10,026–1: 1998 (Suryn, 2003 ).

We also utilize advices from some studies (Elberzhager et al., 2012 ; Keele et al., 2007 ) to search for relevant papers. In order to conduct this systematic study, it is essential to formulate the primary research questions (Mushtaq et al., 2017 ). Since the data management techniques and software are evolving rapidly, the database curriculum should also be updated accordingly to meet these new requirements. Some authors have described ways of updating the content of courses to keep pace with specific developments in the field and others have developed new database curricula to keep up with the new data management techniques.

Furthermore, some authors have suggested updates for the database curriculum based on the continuously evolving technology and introduction of big data. For instance Bhogal et al. ( 2012 ) have shown that database curricula need to be updated and modernized, which can be achieved by extending the current database concepts that cover the strategies to handle the ever changing user requirements and how database technology has evolved to meet the requirements. Likewise, Picciano ( 2012 ) examines the evolving world of big data and analytics in American higher education. According to the author, the “data driven” decision making method should be used to help the institutes evaluate strategies that can improve retention and update the curriculum that has big data basic concepts and applications, since data driven decision making has already entered in the big data and learning analytic era. Furthermore, Marshall ( 2011 ) presented the challenges faced when developing a curriculum for a Computer Science degree program in the South African context that is earmarked for international recognition. According to the author, the Curricula needs to adhere both to the policy and content requirements in order to be rated as being of a particular quality.

Similarly, some studies (Abourezq & Idrissi, 2016 ; Mingyu et al., 2017 ) described big data influence from a social perspective and also proceeded with the gaps in database curriculum of computer science, especially, in the big data era and discovers the teaching improvements in practical and theoretical teaching mode, teaching content and teaching practice platform in database curriculum. Also Silva et al. ( 2016 ) propose teaching SQL as a general language that can be used in a wide range of database systems from traditional relational database management systems to big data systems.

On the other hand, different authors have developed a database curriculum based on the different academic background of students. Such as, Dean and Milani ( 1995 ) have recommended changes in computer science curricula based on the practice in United Stated Military Academy (USMA). They emphasized greatly on the practical demonstration of the topic rather than the theoretical explanation. Especially, for the non-computer science major students. Furthermore, Urban and Dietrich ( 2001 ) described the development of a second course on database systems for undergraduates, preparing students for the advanced database concepts that they will exercise in the industry. They also shared their experience with teaching the course, elaborating on the topics and assignments. Also, Andersson et al. ( 2019 ) proposed variations in core topics of database management course for the students with the engineering background. Moreover, Dietrich et al. ( 2014 ) described two animations developed with images and color that visually and dynamically introduce fundamental relational database concepts and querying to students of many majors. The goal is that the educators, in diverse academic disciplines, should be able to incorporate these animations in their existing courses to meet their pedagogical needs.

The information systems have evolved into large scale distributed systems that store and process a huge amount of data across different servers, and process them using different distributed data processing frameworks. This evolution has given birth to new paradigms in database systems domain termed as NoSQL and Big Data systems, which significantly deviate from conventional relational and distributed database management systems. It is pertinent to mention that in order to offer a sustainable and practical CS education, these new paradigms and methodologies as shown in Fig.  5 should be included into database education (Kleiner, 2015 ). Tables 9 and 10 shows the summarized findings of the curriculum based reviewed studies. This section also proposed appropriate text book based on the theory, project, and practice-based teaching methodology as shown in Table 9 . The proposed books are selected purely on the bases of their usage in top universities around the world such as, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Harvard University, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge and, University of Singapore and the coverage of core topics mentioned in the database curriculum.

figure 5

Concepts in Database Systems Education (Kleiner, 2015 )

6.1.2 RQ.2 Evolution of DSE research

This section discusses the evolution of database while focusing the DSE over the past 25 years as shown in Fig.  6 .

figure 6

Evolution of DSE studies

This study shows that there is significant increase in research in DSE after 2004 with 78% of the selected papers are published after 2004. The main reason of this outcome is that some of the papers are published in well-recognized channels like IEEE Transactions on Education, ACM Transactions on Computing Education, International Conference on Computer Science and Education (ICCSE), and Teaching, Learning and Assessment of Database (TLAD) workshop. It is also evident that several of these papers were published before 2004 and only a few articles were published during late 1990s. This is because of the fact that DSE started to gain interest after the introduction of Body of Knowledge and DSE standards. The data intensive scientific discovery has been discussed as the fourth paradigm (Hey et al., 2009 ): where the first involves empirical science and observations; second contains theoretical science and mathematically driven insights; third considers computational science and simulation driven insights; while the fourth involves data driven insights of modern scientific research.

Over the past few decades, students have gone from attending one-room class to having the world at their fingertips, and it is a great challenge for the instructors to develop the interest of students in learning database. This challenge has led to the development of the different types of interactive tools to help the instructors teach DSE in this technology oriented era. Keeping the importance of interactive tools in DSE in perspective, various authors have proposed different interactive tools over the years, such as during 1995–2003, when different authors proposed various interactive tools. Some studies (Abut & Ozturk, 1997 ; Mcintyre et al., 1995 ) introduced state of the art interactive tools to teach and enhance the collaborative learning among the students. Similarly, during 2004–2005 more interactive tools in the field of DSE were proposed such as Pahl et al. ( 2004 ), Connolly et al. ( 2005 ) introduced multimedia system based interactive model and game based collaborative learning environment.

The Internet has started to become more common in the first decade of the twenty-first century and its positive impact on the education sector was undeniable. Cost effective, student teacher peer interaction, keeping in touch with the latest information were the main reasons which made the instructors employ web-based tools to teach database in the education sector. Due to this spike in the demand of web-based tools, authors also started to introduce new instruments to assist with teaching database. In 2007 Regueras et al. ( 2007 ) proposed an e-learning tool named QUEST with a feedback module to help the students to learn from their mistakes. Similarly, in 2010, multiple authors have proposed and evaluated various web-based tools. Cvetanovic et al. ( 2010 ) proposed ADVICE with the functionality to monitor student’s progress, while, few authors (Wang et al., 2010 ) proposed Metube which is a variation of YouTube. Furthermore, Nelson and Fatimazahra ( 2010 ) evaluated different web-based tools to highlight the complexities of using these web-based instruments.

Technology has changed the teaching methods in the education sector but technology cannot replace teachers, and despite the amount of time most students spend online, virtual learning will never recreate the teacher-student bond. In the modern era, innovation in technology used in educational sectors is not meant to replace the instructors or teaching methods.

During the 1990s some studies (Dietrich & Urban, 1996 ; Urban & Dietrich, 1997 ) proposed learning and teaching methods respectively keeping the evolving technology in view. The highlight of their work was project deliverables and assignments where students progressively advanced to a step-by-step extension, from a tutorial exercise and then attempting more difficult extension of assignment.

During 2002–2007 various authors have discussed a number of teaching and learning methods to keep up the pace with the ever changing database technology, such as Connolly and Begg ( 2006 ) proposing a constructive approach to teach database analysis and design. Similarly, Prince and Felder ( 2006 ) reviewed the effectiveness of inquiry learning, problem based learning, project-based learning, case-based teaching, discovery learning, and just-in-time teaching. Also, McIntyre et al. (Mcintyre et al., 1995 ) brought to light the impact of convergence of European Union (EU) in different universities across Europe. They suggested a reconstruction of teaching and learning methodologies in order to effectively teach database.

During 2008–2013 more work had been done to address the different methods of teaching and learning in the field of DSE, like the work of Dominguez and Jaime ( 2010 ) who proposed an active learning approach. The focus of their study was to develop the interest of students in designing and developing databases. Also, Zheng and Dong ( 2011 ) have highlighted various characteristics of the database course and its teaching content. Similarly, Yuelan et al. ( 2011 ) have reformed database teaching methods. The main focus of their study were the Modern ways of education, project driven approach, strengthening the experimental aspects, and improving the traditional assessment method. Likewise, Al-Shuaily ( 2012 ) has explored 4 cognitive factors that can affect the learning process of database. The main focus of their study was to facilitate the students in learning SQL. Subsequently, Chen et al. ( 2012 ) also proposed scaffolding-based concept mapping strategy. This strategy helps the students to better understand database management courses. Correspondingly, Martin et al. ( 2013 ) discussed various collaborative learning techniques in the field of DSE while keeping database as an introductory course.

In the years between 2014 and 2021, research in the field of DSE increased, which was the main reason that the most of teaching, learning and assessment methods were proposed and discussed during this period. Rashid and Al-Radhy ( 2014 ) discussed the issues of traditional teaching, learning, assessing methods of database courses at different universities in Kurdistan and the main focus of their study being reformation issues, such as absence of teaching determination and contradiction between content and theory. Similarly, Wang and Chen ( 2014 ) summarized the main problems in teaching the traditional database theory and its application. Curriculum assessment mode was the main focus of their study. Eaglestone and Nunes ( 2004 ) shared their experiences of delivering a databases design course at Sheffield University. Their focus of study included was to teach the database design module to a diverse group of students from different backgrounds. Rashid ( 2015 ) discussed some important features of database courses, whereby reforming the conventional teaching, learning, and assessing strategies of database courses at universities were the main focus of this study. Kui et al. ( 2018 ) reformed the teaching mode of database courses based on flipped classroom. Initiative learning of database courses was their main focus in this study. Similarly, Zhang et al. ( 2018 ) discussed several effective classroom teaching measures. The main focus of their study was teaching content, teaching methods, teaching evaluation and assessment methods. Cai and Gao ( 2019 ) also carried out the teaching reforms in the database course of liberal arts. Diversified teaching modes, such as flipping classroom, case oriented teaching and task oriented were the focus of their study. Teaching Kawash et al. ( 2020 ) proposed a learning approach called Graded Group Activities (GGAs). Their main focus of the study was reforming learning and assessment method.

Database course covers several topics that range from data modeling to data implementation and examination. Over the years, various authors have given their suggestions to update these topics in database curriculum to meet the requirements of modern technologies. On the other hand, authors have also proposed a new curriculum for the students of different academic backgrounds and different areas. These reformations in curriculum helped the students in their preparation, practically and theoretically, and enabled them to compete in the competitive market after graduation.

During 2003 and 2006 authors have proposed various suggestions to update and develop computer science curriculum across different universities. Robbert and Ricardo ( 2003 ) evaluated three reviews from 1999 to 2002 that were given to the groups of educators. The focus of their study was to highlight the trends that occurred in database curriculum. Also, Calero et al. ( 2003 ) proposed a first draft for this Database Body of Knowledge (DBBOK). Database (DB), Database Design (DBD), Database Administration (DBAd), Database Application (DBAp) and Advance Databases (ADVDB) were the main focus of their study. Furthermore, Conklin and Heinrichs (Conklin & Heinrichs, 2005 ) compared the content included in 13 database textbooks and the main focus of their study was IS 2002, CC2001, and CC2004 model curricula.

The years from 2007 and 2011, authors managed to developed various database curricula, like Luo et al. ( 2008 ) developed curricula in Zhejiang University City College. The aim of their study to nurture students to be qualified computer scientists. Likewise, Dietrich et al. ( 2008 ) proposed the techniques to assess the development of an advanced database course. The purpose behind the addition of an advanced database course at undergraduate level was to prepare the students to respond to industrial requirements. Also, Marshall ( 2011 ) developed a new database curriculum for Computer Science degree program in the South African context.

During 2012 and 2021 various authors suggested updates for the database curriculum such as Bhogal et al. ( 2012 ) who suggested updating and modernizing the database curriculum. Data management and data analytics were the focus of their study. Similarly, Picciano ( 2012 ) examined the curriculum in the higher level of American education. The focus of their study was big data and analytics. Also, Zhanquan et al. ( 2016 ) proposed the design for the course content and teaching methods in the classroom. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) were the focus of their study. Likewise, Mingyu et al. ( 2017 ) suggested updating the database curriculum while keeping new technology concerning the database in perspective. The focus of their study was big data.

The above discussion clearly shows that the SQL is most discussed topic in the literature where more than 25% of the studies have discussed it in the previous decade as shown in Fig.  7 . It is pertinent to mention that other SQL databases such as Oracle, MS access are discussed under the SQL banner (Chen et al., 2012 ; Hou & Chen, 2010 ; Wang & Chen, 2014 ). It is mainly because of its ability to handle data in a relational database management system and direct implementation of database theoretical concepts. Also, other database topics such as transaction management, application programming etc. are also the main highlights of the topics discussed in the literature.

figure 7

Evolution of Database topics discussed in literature

7 Research synthesis, advice for instructors, and way forward

This section presents the synthesized information extracted after reading and analyzing the research articles considered in this study. To this end, it firstly contextualizes the tools and methods to help the instructors find suitable tools and methods for their settings. Similarly, developments in curriculum design have also been discussed. Subsequently, general advice for instructors have been discussed. Lastly, promising future research directions for developing new tools, methods, and for revising the curriculum have also been discussed in this section.

7.1 Methods, tools, and curriculum

Methods and tools.

Web-based tools proposed by Cvetanovic et al. ( 2010 ) and Wang et al. ( 2010 ) have been quite useful, as they are growing increasingly pertinent as online mode of education is prevalent all around the globe during COVID-19. On the other hand, interactive tools and smart class room methodology has also been used successfully to develop the interest of students in database class. (Brusilovsky et al., 2010 ; Connolly et al., 2005 ; Pahl et al., 2004 ; Canedo et al., 2021 ; Ko et al., 2021 ).

One of the most promising combination of methodology and tool has been proposed by Cvetanovic et al. ( 2010 ), whereby they developed a tool named ADVICE that helps students learn and implement database concepts while using project centric methodology, while a game based collaborative learning environment was proposed by Connolly et al. ( 2005 ) that involves a methodology comprising of modeling, articulation, feedback, and exploration. As a whole, project centric teaching (Connolly & Begg, 2006 ; Domínguez & Jaime, 2010 ) and teaching database design and problem solving skills Wang and Chen ( 2014 ), are two successful approaches for DSE. Whereas, other studies (Urban & Dietrich, 1997 ) proposed teaching methods that are more inclined towards practicing database concepts. While a topic specific approach has been proposed by Abbasi et al. ( 2016 ), Taipalus et al. ( 2018 ) and Silva et al. ( 2016 ) to teach and learn SQL. On the other hand, Cai and Gao ( 2019 ) developed a teaching method for students who do not have a computer science background. Lastly, some useful ways for defining assessments for DSE have been proposed by Kawash et al. ( 2020 ) and Zhang et al. ( 2018 ).

Curriculum of database adopted by various institutes around the world does not address how to teach the database course to the students who do not have a strong computer science background. Such as Marshall ( 2012 ), Luo et al. ( 2008 ) and Zhanquan et al. ( 2016 ) have proposed the updates in current database curriculum for the students who are not from computer science background. While Abid et al. ( 2015 ) proposed a combined course content and various methodologies that can be used for teaching database systems course. On the other hand, current database curriculum does not include the topics related to latest technologies in database domain. This factor was discussed by many other studies as well (Bhogal et al., 2012 ; Mehmood et al., 2020 ; Picciano, 2012 ).

7.2 Guidelines for instructors

The major conclusion of this study are the suggestions based on the impact and importance for instructors who are teaching DSE. Furthermore, an overview of productivity of every method can be provided by the empirical studies. These instructions are for instructors which are the focal audience of this study. These suggestions are subjective opinions after literature analysis in form of guidelines according to the authors and their meaning and purpose were maintained. According to the literature reviewed, various issues have been found in this section. Some other issues were also found, but those were not relevant to DSE. Following are some suggestions that provide interesting information:

7.2.1 Project centric and applied approach

To inculcate database development skills for the students, basic elements of database development need to be incorporated into teaching and learning at all levels including undergraduate studies (Bakar et al., 2011 ). To fulfill this objective, instructors should also improve the data quality in DSE by assigning the projects and assignments to the students where they can assess, measure and improve the data quality using already deployed databases. They should demonstrate that the quality of data is determined not only by the effective design of a database, but also through the perception of the end user (Mathieu & Khalil, 1997 )

The gap between the database course theory and industrial practice is big. Fresh graduate students find it difficult to cope up with the industrial pressure because of the contrast between what they have been taught in institutes and its application in industry (Allsopp et al., 2006 ). Involve top performers from classes in industrial projects so that they are able to acquiring sufficient knowledge and practice, especially for post graduate courses. There must be some other activities in which industry practitioners come and present the real projects and also share their industrial experiences with the students. The gap between theoretical and the practical sides of database has been identified by Myers and Skinner ( 1997 ). In order to build practical DS concepts, instructors should provide the students an accurate view of reality and proper tools.

7.2.2 Importance of software development standards and impact of DB in software success

They should have the strategies, ability and skills that can align the DSE course with the contemporary Global Software Development (GSD) (Akbar & Safdar, 2015 ; Damian et al., 2006 ).

Enable the students to explain the approaches to problem solving, development tools and methodologies. Also, the DS courses are usually taught in normal lecture format. The result of this method is that students cannot see the influence on the success or failure of projects because they do not realize the importance of DS activities.

7.2.3 Pedagogy and the use of education technology

Some studies have shown that teaching through play and practical activities helps to improve the knowledge and learning outcome of students (Dicheva et al., 2015 ).

Interactive classrooms can help the instructors to deliver their lecture in a more effective way by using virtual white board, digital textbooks, and data over network(Abut & Ozturk, 1997 ). We suggest that in order to follow the new concept of smart classroom, instructors should use the experience of Yau and Karim ( 2003 ) which benefits in cooperative learning among students and can also be adopted in DSE.

The instructors also need to update themselves with full spectrum of technology in education, in general, and for DSE, in particular. This is becoming more imperative as during COVID the world is relying strongly on the use of technology, particularly in education sector.

7.2.4 Periodic Curriculum Revision

There is also a need to revisit the existing series of courses periodically, so that they are able to offer the following benefits: (a) include the modern day database system concepts; (b) can be offered as a specialization track; (c) a specialized undergraduate degree program may also be designed.

7.3 DSE: Way forward

This research combines a significant work done on DSE at one place, thus providing a point to find better ways forward in order to improvise different possible dimensions for improving the teaching process of a database system course in future. This section discusses technology, methods, and modifications in curriculum would most impact the delivery of lectures in coming years.

Several tools have already been developed for effective teaching and learning in database systems. However, there is a great room for developing new tools. Recent rise of the notion of “serious games” is marking its success in several domains. Majority of the research work discussed in this review revolves around web-based tools. The success of serious games invites researchers to explore this new paradigm of developing useful tools for learning and practice database systems concepts.

Likewise, due to COVID-19 the world is setting up new norms, which are expected to affect the methods of teaching as well. This invites the researchers to design, develop, and test flexible tools for online teaching in a more interactive manner. At the same time, it is also imperative to devise new techniques for assessments, especially conducting online exams at massive scale. Moreover, the researchers can implement the idea of instructional design in web-based teaching in which an online classroom can be designed around the learners’ unique backgrounds and effectively delivering the concepts that are considered to be highly important by the instructors.

The teaching, learning and assessment methods discussed in this study can help the instructors to improve their methods in order to teach the database system course in a better way. It is noticed that only 16% of authors have the assessment methods as their focus of study, which clearly highlights that there is still plenty of work needed to be done in this particular domain. Assessment techniques in the database course will help the learners to learn from their mistakes. Also, instructors must realize that there is a massive gap between database theory and practice which can only be reduced with maximum practice and real world database projects.

Similarly, the technology is continuously influencing the development and expansion of modern education, whereas the instructors’ abilities to teach using online platforms are critical to the quality of online education.

In the same way, the ideas like flipped classroom in which students have to prepare the lesson prior to the class can be implemented on web-based teaching. This ensures that the class time can be used for further discussion of the lesson, share ideas and allow students to interact in a dynamic learning environment.

The increasing impact of big data systems, and data science and its anticipated impact on the job market invites the researchers to revisit the fundamental course of database systems as well. There is a need to extend the boundaries of existing contents by including the concepts related to distributed big data systems data storage, processing, and transaction management, with possible glimpse of modern tools and technologies.

As a whole, an interesting and long term extension is to establish a generic and comprehensive framework that engages all the stakeholders with the support of technology to make the teaching, learning, practicing, and assessing easier and more effective.

8 Conclusion

This SLR presents review on the research work published in the area of database system education, with particular focus on teaching the first course in database systems. The study was carried out by systematically selecting research papers published between 1995 and 2021. Based on the study, a high level categorization presents a taxonomy of the published under the heads of Tools, Methods, and Curriculum. All the selected articles were evaluated on the basis of a quality criteria. Several methods have been developed to effectively teach the database course. These methods focus on improving learning experience, improve student satisfaction, improve students’ course performance, or support the instructors. Similarly, many tools have been developed, whereby some tools are topic based, while others are general purpose tools that apply for whole course. Similarly, the curriculum development activities have also been discussed, where some guidelines provided by ACM/IEEE along with certain standards have been discussed. Apart from this, the evolution in these three areas has also been presented which shows that the researchers have been presenting many different teaching methods throughout the selected period; however, there is a decrease in research articles that address the curriculum and tools in the past five years. Besides, some guidelines for the instructors have also been shared. Also, this SLR proposes a way forward in DSE by emphasizing on the tools: that need to be developed to facilitate instructors and students especially post Covid-19 era, methods: to be adopted by the instructors to close the gap between the theory and practical, Database curricula update after the introduction of emerging technologies such as big data and data science. We also urge that the recognized publication venues for database research including VLDB, ICDM, EDBT should also consider publishing articles related to DSE. The study also highlights the importance of reviving the curricula, tools, and methodologies to cater for recent advancements in the field of database systems.

Data availability

Not Applicable.

Code availability

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Ishaq, M., Abid, A., Farooq, M.S. et al. Advances in database systems education: Methods, tools, curricula, and way forward. Educ Inf Technol 28 , 2681–2725 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11293-0

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67 Data Management Essay Topics & Database Research Topics

🏆 best database research topics, ✍️ data management essay topics for college, 🎓 most interesting database topics for research paper, 💡 simple data management systems essay topics.

  • Database Management Systems’ Major Capabilities
  • Data Assets Management of LuLu Hypermarkets System
  • Object-Oriented and Database Management Systems Tradeoffs
  • Information Technology-Based Data Management in Retail
  • Database Management and Machine Learning
  • Health Data Management: Sharing and Saving Patient Data
  • Relational Database Management Systems in Business
  • Data Management, Networking and Enterprise Software Enterprise software is often created “in-house” and thus has a far higher cost as compared to simply buying the software solution from another company.
  • Big Data Usage in Supply Chain Management This paper gives a summary of the research that was conducted to understand the unique issues surrounding the use of big data in the supply chain.
  • Modern Data Management and Organization Strategies Today, with a shrinking focus on data and analytics, a proper data management strategy is imperative to meeting business goals.
  • Data Collection and Management Techniques for a Qualitative Research Plan To conduct complete qualitative research and present a cohesive qualitative research plan, it is necessary to match the structure and topic of the study.
  • Data Management and Financial Strategies By adopting comprehensive supply chain management, businesses can maximize the three main streams in the supply chain— information flow, product flow, and money flow.
  • Policy on People Data Management Law No. (13) of 2016 is a data protection legislation that applies to all public institutions and private organizations across Qatar.
  • The Choice of a Medical Data Management System The choice of a medical data management system is critically important for any organization providing healthcare services.
  • Data Analytics and Its Application to Management The role of the collection of data and its subsequent analysis in the industry is as big as ever. Specifically, it pertains to the managerial field.
  • Big Data Opportunities in Green Supply Chain Management The problem reviewed within the framework of the current project was the growing pool of green SCM knowledge that got interconnected with technology, such as Big Data.
  • Technology-Assisted Reviews of Data in a Document Management System The TAR that is used in DMS falls into two major categories. These are automatic TAR and semi-automatic TAR, where the last implies the intervention of a human reviewer.
  • Why Open-Source Software Will (Or Will Not) Soon Dominate the Field of Database Management Tools The study aims at establishing whether open-source software will dominate the database field because there has been a changing trend in the business market.
  • Data Management in a Medium-Sized Business This paper will use a medium-sized business data management offering highly specialized, high-quality business development education services as an example.
  • Data Collection and Management Techniques of a Qualitative Research Plan This research paper recommends interview method in the collection of data and the application of NVivo statistical software in the management of data.
  • Big Data Management Research This paper will present a literature review of three articles that examine text mining methods for quantitative analysis.
  • Big Data Fraud Management The growth of eCommerce systems has led to an increase in online transactions using credit cards and other methods of payment services.
  • Deli Depot Case Study: Data Analysis Management Reporting To improve customer service, Deli Depot has embarked on initiatives to better understand its customers. The company did market research using a questionnaire-based survey.
  • Data Storage Management Solutions: Losses of Personal Data The term data refers to a collection of facts about anything. As it is often said, processed data results to information and he who has information has power.
  • EHR Database Management: Diabetes Prevention The data needed to prevent diabetes is usually collected throughout regular screenings conducted whenever a patient refers to a hospital, as well as by using various lab tests.
  • Childhood Obesity: Data Management The use of electronic health records (EHR) is regarded as one of the effective ways to treat obesity in the population.
  • Electronic Health Record Database and Data Management Progress in modern medicine has resulted in the amount of information related to the health of patients to grow exponentially.
  • Adopting Electronic Data Management in the Health Care Industry
  • Distributed Operating System and Infrastructure for Scientific Data Management
  • Advanced Drill Data Management Solutions Market: Growth and Forecast
  • The Changing Role of Data Management in Clinical Trials
  • Business Rules and Their Relationship to Effective Data Management
  • Class Enterprise Data Management and Administration
  • Developing Highly Scalable and Autonomic Data Management
  • Cloud Computing: Installation and Maintenance of Energy Efficient Data Management
  • Exploring, Mapping, and Data Management Integration of Habitable Environments in Astrobiology
  • Data Management: Data Warehousing and Data Mining
  • Efficient Algorithmic Techniques for Several Multidimensional Geometric Data Management and Analysis Problems
  • Data Management for Photovoltaic Power Plants Operation and Maintenance
  • Elderly Patients and Falls: Adverse Trends and Data Management
  • Data Management for Pre- and Post-Release Workforce Services
  • Epidemiological Data Management During an Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease
  • Dealing With Identifier Variables in Data Management and Analysis
  • How Data Mining, Data Warehousing, and On-Line Transactional Databases Are Helping Solve the Data Management Predicament
  • Improving the New Data Management Technologies and Leverage
  • Integrated Process and Data Management for Healthcare Applications
  • Making Data Management Manageable: A Risk Assessment Activity for Managing Research Data
  • The Use of Temporal Database in the Data Management System
  • Multi-Cloud Data Management Using Shamir’s Secret Sharing and Quantum Byzantine Agreement Schemes
  • Data Management Is More Than Just Managing Data
  • Is Effective Data Management a Key Driver of Business Success?
  • National Data Centre and Financial Statistics Office: A Conceptual Design for Public Data Management
  • Big Data Management and Relevance of Big Data to E-Business
  • Redefining the Data Management Strategy: A Way to Leverage the Huge Chunk of Data
  • Structured Data Management Software Market in Taiwan
  • Towards Effective GML Data Management: Framework and Prototype
  • Data Management in Cloud Environments
  • Digital Communication: Enterprise Data Management
  • The Impact of Big Data on Data Management Functions
  • Analysis of Data Management Strategies at Tesco
  • The Best Data Management Tools Overview
  • What Is Data Management and Why Is It Important
  • Data Management and Use: Governance in the 21st Century
  • What Is Data Management and How Do Businesses Use It?
  • The Difference Between Data Management and Data Governance
  • Types of Data Management Systems for Data-First Marketing Strategies and Success
  • Reasons Why Data Management Leads to Business Success

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  • Proposal 5%
  • Paper Draft 10%
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Data management systems are the corner-stone of modern applications, businesses, and science (including data). If you were excited by the topics in 4111, this graduate level course in database systems research will be a deep dive into classic and modern database systems research. Topics will range from classic database system design, modern optimizations in single-machine and multi-machine settings, data cleaning and quality, and application-oriented databases. This semester’s theme will look at how learning has affected many classic data management systems challenges, and also how data management systems support and extends ML needs.

See FAQ for difference between 6113 and the other database courses.

  • Class: Th 2-4PM in 829 Mudd
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SQL Server Everywhere: Platform Choices Enrich Data-Driven Business

The movement towards data-driven business requires sophisticated capabilities incorporating robust, scalable, and adaptable databases. When Microsoft announced Linux platform support for SQL in 2017, followed by moving to the cloud in 2018, a new world of possibilities opened up. In October 2022, Unisphere Research, a division of Information Today, Inc., partnered with Red Hat to conduct a survey of 249 IT leaders and data professionals at SQL Server sites to assess the adoption of platforms, cloud services, containers, and more, to gain a better understanding of current environments, challenges, and priorities. Download your copy today.

Data Quality Challenges and Strategies for the 2020s

Data quality is a critical aspect of the data supply chain at any business. However, many organization struggle with achieving consistent data quality due to ad hoc processes and a lack of financial support, and the movement of data to the cloud is complicating matters further. Download this special report today for a deep dive into the latest research findings.

THE STATE OF THE DATA ENVIRONMENT AND JOB ROLES, 2022

To examine how database environments and roles are changing within enterprises – as well as how deeply new modes of collaboration and technology are being adopted – Unisphere Research recently conducted a survey of DBTA subscribers in partnership with Quest. From cloud and automation to the rise of "Ops" culture, the world of database management is evolving with new challenges and opportunities emerging for IT leaders and database professionals. Download this special study for a first-hand look at the results and learn where database management is heading.

MANAGING THE SOFTWARE AUDIT: 2022 SURVEY ON ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE LICENSING AND AUDIT TRENDS

Coming out of the pandemic, and faced with an uncertain economy, many software vendors have been looking for sources of additional revenue, and they have found it—through customer software audits. These software audits have become a big business, serviced by prominent accounting and consulting firms on behalf of vendors, and often incurring millions of dollars of extra charges to customers. To better understand the scope of software audits, as well as the costs incurred, Unisphere Research, a division of Information Today, Inc., surveyed the readership of its flagship publication, Database Trends and Applications, which consisted of database managers, developers, CIOs, and IT directors. The survey, which sought views and experiences with software licensing and audits, was conducted in partnership with LicenseFortress. A total of 283 usable responses were received, of which 155, or 69% of survey respondents, reported having been audited within the past three years, and 79% reported h

MANAGING DATA IN A DEMANDING DIGITAL ECONOMY: 2022 QUEST IOUG DATABASE INSIGHTS REPORT

IT budgets are expected to receive a significant boost in the year ahead. At the same time, routine database administration and maintenance tasks are cutting deeper into organizations’ competitiveness. Strategies to address this include database consolidation and the adoption of cloud-based services. All in all, today’s data environments are getting more diverse – residing on many platforms and requiring a diversity of approaches to ensure resiliency and availability. To examine these trends and more, Unisphere Research, a division of Information Today, Inc., in partnership with Dell EMC, fielded a survey of 2022 IT professionals among the members of the Quest IOUG Database and Technology Community. Download your copy of “Managing Data in a Demanding Digital Economy: 2022 Quest IOUG Database Insights Report” today.

BUILDING A CULTURE OF TRUST IN A COMPETITIVE ECONOMY: 2021 SURVEY ON DATA QUALITY

The timeliness, completeness, and cleanliness of data can make or break the fortunes of a data-driven enterprise. However, while today’s enterprises see data quality as a top strategic priority, eight in 10 enterprise data managers say their organizations’ data quality efforts are lagging or problematic. Download this special report today to dive into the current state of data quality and key steps to improve at your company.

2021 Hadoop-to-Cloud Migration Benchmark Report

Recent years have seen an acceleration of cloud adoption as a next-generation platform for running big data and analytics. Likewise, Hadoop-specific vendors have been consolidating, further fueling ambiguity as companies look to make meaningful decisions about the long-term development and management of their big data platforms. To better understand current plans, priorities, and challenges associated with Hadoop data migration to the cloud, WANdisco commissioned Radiant Advisors and Database Trends and Applications to survey the industry. Download this special report today to understand what the next wave of Hadoop data migrations will look like, migration concerns and business impacts (and how they can be solved), the top requirements for Hadoop migration software, and the rise in plans for hybrid and multi-cloud data management.

Linux Becomes a Player in the SQL Server World: PASS 2021 Survey on Microsoft SQL Server Platform Trends

Data managers are increasingly recognizing the advantages that the Linux platform brings to their environments, and close to one in three data managers have already deployed their databases on the open source platform. This is one of the key findings of a new survey conducted in the second half of 2020 among 306 members of PASS, the Professional Association for SQL Server, by Unisphere Research, a division of Information Today, Inc., in partnership with Red Hat. Download a copy of this special research report today to gain a deeper understanding of the increasing diversity of SQL Server environments, current skills levels and priorities for the future.

THRIVING IN A MULTI-DATABASE WORLD: PASS 2021 SURVEY ON DATA DIVERSITY

With the rise of multiple database engines for multiple purposes, SQL Server environments have been taking on a rising level of database diversity in recent years. Download this special report to understand the current data landscape, challenges, cloud adoption and management strategies.

DBTA Digital Transformation and Cloud Workloads Survey

To better understand current trends in data management, including the impact of COVID-19 on IT budgets and innovation, as well as digital transformation and cloud adoption and priorities, Unisphere Research, the research arm of Database Trends and Applications, conducted a survey, in partnership with Aerospike Corporation. Download the attached report to better understand what digital transformation projects are on the rise, how companies are currently prioritizing and spending on cloud adoption, and what factors are driving decisions.

The 2020 Quest IOUG Database Priorities Survey

Unisphere Research, in partnership with the Quest IOUG Database & Technology Community, recently fielded a survey to examine database management priorities. The study, sponsored by Dell EMC, includes the opinions and experiences of 212 database managers and administrators from across a range of industries and company sizes. Download this study today to dive into the most costly database management activities, leading factors when selecting infrastructure and key strategies for reducing time and costs.

DBA’s Look to the Future: PASS Survey on Trends in Database Administration

Download this special research report today to learn about the latest trends in SQL Server environments, including the evolving data landscape, pressing challenges and the increasing movement towards cloud databases amongst the members of PASS, the world’s largest community of data professionals leveraging the Microsoft data platform.

PROFILING THE DATA-DRIVEN BUSINESS, 2019

In an era when organizations are turning to data-driven insights to improve decision making and enhance customer experiences, data managers are turning to a new generation of technologies—as well as repurposing traditional ones—to keep up with business demand. In April and May of 2019, Unisphere Research fielded a study among the readers of Database Trends and Applications to explore the roles of new technology initiatives in managing and making data actionable for the business. This study, sponsored by Pythian, includes the views and experiences of 241 IT and data decision makers, representing a broad sample of company types and sizes.

2019 IOUG Data Environment Expansion Survey

Oracle database environments continue to increase in size and complexity. As a result, licensing and support costs are climbing, as well as staffing and skills constraints and administrative costs and complexity. These growing pains are getting in the way of further expansion. Many enterprises are turning to cloud and automation to reduce costs and increase agility and capacity. The use of public cloud services at Oracle database sites is increasing, but the majority of transaction environments still remain on-premises today. For most Oracle environments, the future is pointing towards a hybrid cloud model. Download this brand new study today for a full overview of the key trends, challenges and opportunities to keep in mind as you navigate the evolution of your Oracle database environment.

Achieving Your Database Goals Through Replication: Real World Market Insights and Best Practices

This study, sponsored by Quest Software, includes the views and experiences of 285 IT decision makers, representing a fairly broad sample of company types and sizes. The survey found that databases continue to expand in size and complexity, while at the same time, more enterprises are turning to cloud-based resources to keep information highly available.

2018 NEXT-GENERATION DATA DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES REPORT

Download the “Next-Generation Data Deployment Strategies” report to learn about the current state of machine learning, data lakes, Hadoop, Spark, object storage and more! Don’t miss out on these new insights about the hottest technology trends today.

ACHIEVING YOUR 2018 DATABASE GOALS THROUGH REPLICATION: REAL-WORLD MARKET INSIGHTS AND BEST PRACTICES

In December 2017, Unisphere Research fielded a study among the members of the Independent Oracle Users Group to examine the key challenges, priorities, and solutions being adopted by Oracle Database sites. This study, sponsored by Quest Software, includes the views and experiences of 285 IT decision makers, representing a fairly broad sample of company types and sizes. The survey found that databases continue to expand in size and complexity, while at the same time, more enterprises are turning to cloud-based resources to keep information highly available.

EMERGING ALTERNATIVES FOR DATA MANAGEMENT

Over the past decade, two developments have sparked the emergence of viable alternatives to supporting relational database management systems in high-cost on-premises data centers; cloud computing and NoSQL databases. To better understand the nature and pace of the incorporation of new alternatives in data management, Amazon Web Services commissioned Unisphere Research to survey IT professionals about the migration of databases to the cloud and the adoption of NoSQL databases. Download this study to better understand these growing trends and where most organizations currently stand.

2015 IOUG DATA PROTECTION AND AVAILABILITY SURVEY

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Computer engineering projects offer a captivating blend of creativity and technical prowess, allowing enthusiasts to dive into a world where innovation meets functionality. Whether you’re fascinated by hardware design, software development, networking, or artificial intelligence, there’s a wide array of project topics to explore within the realm of computer engineering. In this blog, we’ll delve into some intriguing computer engineering project topics, catering to both beginners and seasoned enthusiasts alike.

What Is A CSE Project?

Table of Contents

A CSE project refers to a project within the field of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE). These projects involve the application of computer science principles and engineering techniques to develop software, hardware, or systems that solve real-world problems or advance technology.

CSE projects can range from developing new algorithms and programming languages to designing and building computer hardware, networking systems, software applications, or artificial intelligence systems.

They often require interdisciplinary knowledge and skills in areas such as programming, data structures, algorithms, software engineering, hardware design, networking, and more.

How Do I Start A CSE Project?

Starting a CSE (Computer Science and Engineering) project can be an exciting endeavor, but it requires careful planning and preparation. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started:

  • Define Your Project Scope and Goals:
  • Identify the problem or opportunity you want to address with your project.
  • Clearly define the objectives and outcomes you aim to achieve.
  • Determine the scope of your project, including the technologies, tools, and resources you’ll need.
  • Conduct Research:
  • Research existing solutions and technologies related to your project idea.
  • Identify any gaps or opportunities for innovation in the field.
  • Explore relevant literature, academic papers, online resources, and case studies to gain insights and inspiration.
  • Choose a Project Topic:
  • Based on your research, select a specific topic or area of focus for your project.
  • Take into account your passions, abilities, and the assets at your disposal.
  • Make sure that the topic you select corresponds with the aims and objectives of your project.
  • Develop a Project Plan:
  • Make a thorough plan for your project by writing down all the things you need to do, when you need to do them, and what you want to achieve at different points.
  • Break the project into smaller parts that are easier to handle, and if you’re working with others, make sure everyone knows what they’re responsible for.
  • Define the deliverables and criteria for success for each phase of the project.
  • Gather Resources:
  • Identify the software, hardware, and other resources you’ll need for your project.
  • Set up development environments, programming tools, and any necessary infrastructure.
  • Consider collaborating with peers, mentors, or experts who can provide guidance and support.
  • Design Your Solution:
  • Develop a conceptual design or architecture for your project.
  • Define the system requirements, data structures, algorithms, and user interfaces.
  • Consider usability, scalability, security, and other factors in your design decisions.
  • Implement Your Project:
  • Start building your project based on the design and specifications you’ve developed.
  • Write code, design user interfaces, implement algorithms, and integrate components as needed.
  • Test your project continuously throughout the development process to identify and fix any issues early on.
  • Iterate and Refine:
  • Iterate on your project based on feedback and testing results.
  • Refine your implementation, make improvements, and address any issues or challenges that arise.
  • Continuously evaluate your progress against your project plan and adjust as necessary.
  • Document Your Work:
  • Keep detailed documentation of your project, including design decisions, code comments, and user manuals.
  • Document any challenges you faced, solutions you implemented, and lessons learned throughout the project.
  • Present Your Project:
  • Prepare a presentation or demo showcasing your project’s features, functionality, and achievements.
  • Communicate your project’s goals, methodology, results, and impact effectively to your audience.
  • Solicit feedback from peers, instructors, or industry professionals to gain insights and improve your project.

By following these steps and staying organized, focused, and adaptable, you can successfully start and complete a CSE project that not only enhances your skills and knowledge but also makes a meaningful contribution to the field of computer science and engineering.

Top 100+ Computer Engineering Project Topics

  • Design and Implementation of a Simple CPU
  • Development of a Real-time Operating System Kernel
  • Construction of a Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
  • Designing an FPGA-based Video Processing System
  • Building a GPU for Parallel Computing
  • Development of a Low-Power Microcontroller System
  • Designing an Efficient Cache Memory Architecture
  • Construction of a Network-on-Chip (NoC) for Multicore Systems
  • Development of a Hardware-based Encryption Engine
  • Designing a Reconfigurable Computing Platform
  • Building a RISC-V Processor Core
  • Development of a Custom Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
  • Designing an Energy-Efficient Embedded System
  • Construction of a High-Speed Serial Communication Interface
  • Developing a Real-time Embedded System for Robotics
  • Designing an IoT-based Home Automation System
  • Building a Wearable Health Monitoring Device
  • Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring
  • Designing an Automotive Control System
  • Building a GPS Tracking System for Vehicles
  • Development of a Smart Grid Monitoring System
  • Designing a Digital Audio Processor for Music Synthesis
  • Building a Speech Recognition System
  • Developing a Biometric Authentication System
  • Designing a Facial Recognition Security System
  • Construction of an Autonomous Drone
  • Development of a Gesture Recognition Interface
  • Designing an Augmented Reality Application
  • Building a Virtual Reality Simulator
  • Developing a Haptic Feedback System
  • Designing a Real-time Video Streaming Platform
  • Building a Multimedia Content Delivery Network (CDN)
  • Development of a Scalable Web Server Architecture
  • Designing a Peer-to-Peer File Sharing System
  • Building a Distributed Database Management System
  • Developing a Blockchain-based Voting System
  • Designing a Secure Cryptocurrency Exchange Platform
  • Building an Anonymous Communication Network
  • Development of a Secure Email Encryption System
  • Designing a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS)
  • Building a Firewall with Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
  • Developing a Vulnerability Assessment Tool
  • Designing a Secure Password Manager Application
  • Building a Malware Analysis Sandbox
  • Development of a Phishing Detection System
  • Designing a Chatbot for Customer Support
  • Building a Natural Language Processing (NLP) System
  • Developing an AI-powered Personal Assistant
  • Designing a Recommendation System for E-commerce
  • Building an Intelligent Tutoring System
  • Development of a Sentiment Analysis Tool
  • Designing an Autonomous Vehicle Navigation System
  • Building a Traffic Management System
  • Developing a Smart Parking Solution
  • Designing a Remote Health Monitoring System
  • Building a Telemedicine Platform
  • Development of a Medical Image Processing Application
  • Designing a Drug Discovery System
  • Building a Healthcare Data Analytics Platform
  • Developing a Smart Agriculture Solution
  • Designing a Crop Monitoring System
  • Building an Automated Irrigation System
  • Developing a Food Quality Inspection Tool
  • Designing a Supply Chain Management System
  • Building a Warehouse Automation Solution
  • Developing a Inventory Optimization Tool
  • Designing a Smart Retail Store System
  • Building a Self-checkout System
  • Developing a Customer Behavior Analytics Platform
  • Designing a Fraud Detection System for Banking
  • Building a Risk Management Solution
  • Developing a Personal Finance Management Application
  • Designing a Stock Market Prediction System
  • Building a Portfolio Management Tool
  • Developing a Smart Energy Management System
  • Designing a Home Energy Monitoring Solution
  • Building a Renewable Energy Integration Platform
  • Developing a Smart Grid Demand Response System
  • Designing a Disaster Management System
  • Building an Emergency Response Coordination Tool
  • Developing a Weather Prediction and Monitoring System
  • Designing a Climate Change Mitigation Solution
  • Building a Pollution Monitoring and Control System
  • Developing a Waste Management Optimization Tool
  • Designing a Smart City Infrastructure Management System
  • Building a Traffic Congestion Management Solution
  • Developing a Public Safety and Security Platform
  • Designing a Citizen Engagement and Participation System
  • Building a Smart Transportation Network
  • Developing a Smart Water Management System
  • Designing a Water Quality Monitoring and Control System
  • Building a Flood Detection and Response System
  • Developing a Coastal Erosion Prediction Tool
  • Designing an Air Quality Monitoring and Control System
  • Building a Green Building Energy Optimization Solution
  • Developing a Sustainable Transportation Planning Tool
  • Designing a Wildlife Conservation Monitoring System
  • Building a Biodiversity Mapping and Protection Platform
  • Developing a Natural Disaster Early Warning System
  • Designing a Remote Sensing and GIS Integration Solution
  • Building a Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Platform

7 Helpful Tips for Final Year Engineering Project

Embarking on a final year engineering project can be both exhilarating and daunting. Here are seven helpful tips to guide you through the process and ensure the success of your project:

Start Early and Plan Thoroughly

  • Begin planning your project as soon as possible to allow ample time for research, design, and implementation.
  • Break down your project into smaller tasks and create a detailed timeline with milestones to track your progress.
  • Consider any potential challenges or obstacles you may encounter and plan contingencies accordingly.

Choose the Right Project

  • Select a project that aligns with your interests, skills, and career goals.
  • Ensure that the project is feasible within the time and resource constraints of your final year.
  • Seek advice from professors, mentors, or industry professionals to help you choose a project that is both challenging and achievable.

Conduct Thorough Research

  • Invest time in researching existing solutions, technologies, and literature related to your project idea.
  • Identify gaps or opportunities for innovation that your project can address.
  • Keep track of relevant papers, articles, and resources to inform your design and implementation decisions.

Communicate Effectively

  • Maintain regular communication with your project advisor or supervisor to seek guidance and feedback.
  • Collaborate effectively with teammates, if applicable, by establishing clear channels of communication and dividing tasks appropriately.
  • Practice effective communication skills when presenting your project to classmates, professors, or industry professionals.

Focus on Quality and Innovation

  • Strive for excellence in every aspect of your project, from design and implementation to documentation and presentation.
  • Try to come up with new ideas and find ways to make them better than what’s already out there.
  • Make sure you do your work carefully and make it the best it can be.

Test and Iterate

  • Test your project rigorously throughout the development process to identify and address any issues or bugs.
  • Solicit feedback from peers, advisors, or end-users to gain insights and improve your project.
  • Iterate on your design and implementation based on feedback and testing results to refine your solution and enhance its functionality.

Manage Your Time Effectively

  • Prioritize tasks and allocate time wisely to ensure that you meet deadlines and deliverables.
  • Break down larger tasks into smaller, manageable chunks and tackle them one at a time.
  • Stay organized with tools such as calendars, to-do lists, and project management software to track your progress and stay on schedule.

By following these tips and staying focused, disciplined, and proactive, you can navigate the challenges of your final year engineering project with confidence and achieve outstanding results. Remember to stay flexible and adaptable, and don’t hesitate to seek help or advice when needed. Good luck!

Computer engineering project topics offer a unique opportunity to blend creativity with technical expertise, empowering enthusiasts to explore diverse domains of computing while tackling real-world challenges. Whether you’re interested in hardware design, software development, networking, or artificial intelligence, there’s a wealth of project topics to inspire innovation and learning.

By starting these projects, people who are passionate about it can improve their abilities, learn more, and add to the changing world of technology. So, get ready to work hard, let your imagination flow, and begin an exciting adventure of learning and discovery in the amazing field of computer engineering.

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The cost for outbound bandwidth 1,2

Better price-performance 2,3

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Pricing comparison as of April 9, 2023 1. OCI Network Pricing 2. AWS Compute and Network Pricing 3. OCI Compute Pricing 4. AWS Storage Pricing 5. OCI Storage Pricing

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Oracle Cloud data center global distribution map, details below

Oracle data centers are distributed around the world.

Oracle data centers by Region
Region Current Regions Regions Coming soon Azure Interconnect
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Asia Pacific 10 0 3

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IMAGES

  1. Features of Database Management System (DBMS)

    research topics in database management systems

  2. (PDF) Research Topics in Statistical Database Management

    research topics in database management systems

  3. (PDF) Database Management Systems: A NoSQL Analysis

    research topics in database management systems

  4. PPT

    research topics in database management systems

  5. A Fundamental Study of Database Management Systems 3rd Edition

    research topics in database management systems

  6. DBMS: An Intro to Database Management Systems

    research topics in database management systems

VIDEO

  1. Database Management System

  2. CS403 Database Management Systems Quiz 4 Fall 2023 Virtual University of Pakistan

  3. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS PROJECT

  4. Database Management Systems

  5. Database Management Systems Session for First MST: Doubts, Questions, and Important Queries

  6. Database Management Systems(BCS403)

COMMENTS

  1. 10 Current Database Research Topic Ideas in 2024

    This is where database topics for research paper [7] come in. By using database technology in video surveillance systems, it is possible to store and manage large amounts of video data efficiently. Database management systems (DBMS) can be used to organize video data in a way that is easily searchable and retrievable.

  2. 19024 PDFs

    Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a literature ...

  3. Research Area: DBMS

    Berkeley also gave birth to many of the most widely-used open source systems in the field including INGRES, Postgres, BerkeleyDB, and Apache Spark. Today, our research continues to push the boundaries of data-centric computing, taking the foundations of data management to a broad array of emerging scenarios.

  4. 40 List of DBMS Project Topics and Ideas

    Technology made it easier for people to accomplish daily tasks and activities. In the conventional method, customers avail themselves of services by visiting the shop that offers their desired services personally. 40 List of DBMS Project Topics and Ideas. Fish Catch System Database Design.

  5. 51044 PDFs

    Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on DATABASE MANAGEMENT. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a literature review on ...

  6. Advances on Data Management and Information Systems

    This editorial paper overviews research topics covered in this special section of the Information Systems Frontiers journal. The special section contains papers invited from the 24 th European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems (ADBIS).. 3.1 ADBIS Research Topics. The ADBIS conference has been running continuously since 1993.

  7. CSE 5249

    An important component of the course is an individual research project, where you will pick one topic of interest in the area of database management systems and explore it in depth. This course mainly discusses the latest research findings on data management and builds on the foundations that have been introduced in the CSE 5242, the Advanced ...

  8. Advances in Databases and Information Systems

    Needless to say, these four papers represent innovative and high quality research. The topics of these accepted papers are very timely and include: Big Data Applications and Principles, Evolving Business Intelligence Systems, Cultural Heritage Preservation and Enhancement and database evolution management.

  9. CS 764 Topics in Database Management Systems

    Course description. This course covers a number of advanced topics in the development of database management systems (DBMS) and the modern applications of databases. The topics discussed include advanced concurrency control and recovery, query processing and optimization, advanced access methods, parallel and distributed data systems ...

  10. Open research in database management, information retrieval, and data

    Open research in database management, information retrieval, and data structures. The technology and techniques to store, access, organize, mine, and interpret data lay at the heart of modern information systems. SpringerOpen's journals in these areas publish essential research that, being open access, benefit all.

  11. Research Topics

    Data science is a field that crosscuts many research area of computer science, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, databases, and information systems. Our research falls into the last two of these areas and aims at supporting data science at the system level. Data science requires the management of new types of data ...

  12. Research topics

    Our research focus is to develop new theories and algorithms of a novel multi-model database management system to manage both well-structured data and NoSQL data. Our approach will reduce integration issues, simplify operations, and eliminate migration issues between relational and NoSQL data. A video to introduce Multi-model databases: Link

  13. Advances in database systems education: Methods, tools, curricula, and

    The research in database systems education has evolved over the years with respect to modern contents influenced by technological advancements, supportive tools to engage the learners for better learning, and improvisations in teaching and assessment methods. ... Also, other database topics such as transaction management, application ...

  14. 50+ Amazing DBMS Project Ideas For Beginners To Advance ...

    Here are 17+ Interesting DBMS Project Ideas For Intermediate - Level: 1. Human Resources Management System. Develop a comprehensive HR system that manages employee records, payroll, benefits, and attendance. This project will give you experience in complex database design and HR processes.

  15. Database Management Trends in 2022

    The market for Database Management systems is growing fast and, according to Research and Markets, the global DBMS market was estimated to have reached $63.9 trillion in 2020, and is projected to reach $142.7 trillion by 2027. Increasingly, organizations are merging their data warehouses and data lakes into cloud storage systems.

  16. CS 764 Topics in Database Management Systems

    The topics discussed include query processing and optimization, advanced access methods, advanced concurrency control and recovery, parallel and distributed data systems, implications of cloud computing for data platforms, and data processing with emerging hardware. The course material will be drawn from a number of papers in the database ...

  17. 9 Exciting DBMS Project Ideas & Topics For Beginners [2024]

    The e-commerce industry is running on having a strong database because it is online and data is the new oil. Also, just having data is not enough, having the strong ecosystem of having a string core database is what makes it all efficient. Also try: Full stack project ideas and topics. 2. Inventory Management.

  18. Advances in database systems education: Methods, tools ...

    The research in database systems education has evolved over the years with respect to modern contents influenced by technological advancements, supportive tools to engage the learners for better learning, and improvisations in teaching and assessment methods. ... Also, other database topics such as transaction management, application ...

  19. 67 Data Management Essay Topics & Database Research Topics

    Data Assets Management of LuLu Hypermarkets System. Object-Oriented and Database Management Systems Tradeoffs. Information Technology-Based Data Management in Retail. Database Management and Machine Learning. Health Data Management: Sharing and Saving Patient Data. Relational Database Management Systems in Business.

  20. GitHub Pages

    Overview. Data management systems are the corner-stone of modern applications, businesses, and science (including data). If you were excited by the topics in 4111, this graduate level course in database systems research will be a deep dive into classic and modern database systems research.

  21. Advanced Topics and Future Trends in Database Technologies

    However, with the more recent explosion of Big Data, relational systems are struggling to keep up. Big Data has opened the door for non-relational database solutions ("NoSQL") to capture marketshare from relational systems. In this module we will take a deeper look into the most popular NoSQL database technologies.

  22. Research Reports

    To better understand the scope of software audits, as well as the costs incurred, Unisphere Research, a division of Information Today, Inc., surveyed the readership of its flagship publication, Database Trends and Applications, which consisted of database managers, developers, CIOs, and IT directors. The survey, which sought views and ...

  23. Databases: Advanced Topics in SQL

    This course is one of five self-paced courses on the topic of Databases, originating as one of Stanford's three inaugural massive open online courses released in the fall of 2011. The original "Databases" courses are now all available on edx.org. This course is broad and practical, covering indexes, transactions, constraints, triggers, views ...

  24. DBMS: Database Management Systems Explained

    DBMS: Database Management Systems Explained. Data is the cornerstone of any modern software application, and databases are the most common way to store and manage data used by applications. With the explosion of web and cloud technologies, databases have evolved from traditional relational databases to more advanced types of databases such as ...

  25. Top 100+ Computer Engineering Project Topics [Updated]

    Choose a Project Topic: Based on your research, select a specific topic or area of focus for your project. Take into account your passions, abilities, and the assets at your disposal. ... Building a Distributed Database Management System; Developing a Blockchain-based Voting System; Designing a Secure Cryptocurrency Exchange Platform;

  26. What Is a Relational Database

    A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables. In a relational database, each row in the table is a record with a unique ID called the key.

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  28. Relational Databases and SQL I Stanford Online

    The original "Databases" courses are now all available on edx.org. This course provides an introduction to relational databases and comprehensive coverage of SQL, the long-accepted standard query language for relational database systems. Databases: Advanced Topics in SQL and Databases: OLAP and Recursion are follow-on courses to this course and ...

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  30. Cloud Infrastructure

    Complete cloud infrastructure and platform services for every workload. OCI offers a common set of 100+ services in each cloud region. Get all the services you need—from containers and VMware to AI—to migrate, modernize, build, and scale your IT. Automate all your workloads, including both existing and new applications and data platforms.