library management system project literature review

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An important role for librarians over the next five to ten years is to provide access to online library resources—free, open-access, or purchased, all valuable resources—in an intuitive, easy-to-use one-stop shop and not to be afraid of running a continual beta test in which new services and functions can be added when necessary. To fill this role, librarians and electronic resources managers need flexible, interoperable resource-discovery systems based on open-source software. In addition, we must continue to assess users’ needs and reach out by adapting our systems to fit their requirements, rather than expecting them to come to us; indeed, our very future depends on it. 1

Two decades after the advent of electronic journals and databases, librarians are still grappling with ways to best manage e-resources in conjunction with traditional print resources and at the same time explore new purchasing initiatives and practices, such as demand-driven acquisition of electronic books. In addition, these times of economic austerity are creating budgetary pressures at many institutions of higher education, resulting in librarians having to justify their spending on collections and resource management more than ever.

Techniques for Electronic Resource Management (TERMS) began in 2008 after a discussion about electronic resource management (ERM), current ERM tools, and what was lacking both in current practice and with the systems available. TERMS expands on Pesch’s electronic resources life cycle (see figure 1.1 ) and seeks to become a reference point for those who are new to ERM, those who have suddenly shifted job functions to oversee ERM, and those who may want to implement its recommendations of best practice.

TERMS Tumblr blog http://6terms.tumblr.com TERMS Facebook group https://www.facebook.com/groups/174086169332439 6TERMS on Twitter https://twitter.com/6terms

• TERMS 1: Investigating New Content for purchase/addition, assigned to Ann Kucera (Baker College, Michigan)
• TERMS 2: Acquiring New Content, assigned to Nathan Hosburgh (Montana State University, Montana)
• TERMS 3: Implementation, assigned to Stephen Buck (Dublin City University, Ireland)
• TERMS 4: Ongoing Evaluation and Access, assigned to Anita Wilcox (University College Cork, Ireland)
• TERMS 5: Annual Review, assigned to Anna Franca (King’s College, London, United Kingdom)
• TERMS 6: Cancellation and Replacement Review, assigned to Eugenia Beh (Texas A&M University, Texas)

TERMS Wiki: Main Page http://library.hud.ac.uk/wikiterms/Main_Page

In 2012, TERMS was also endorsed by the Knowledge Base + project in the United Kingdom, which has a project deliverable of providing “workflow management tools related to the selection, review, renewal and cancellation of publications” 2 and has also received interest in the United States from GoKB from Kuali OLE (open library environment), “a community of nine research libraries working together to build the first open-source system designed by and for academic and research libraries for managing and delivering intellectual information.” 3

Electronic Resources and Libraries website www.electroniclibrarian.com

One of the first things to note when performing a literature review on ERM is that there are no independent literature reviews solely on this area. Instead, ERM has now become an integral part of standard literature reviews for acquisitions processing, collection development and management, cataloging and classification, and serials management. At the same time, there are areas of ERM that sit outside of these traditional functioning areas in libraries. This makes performing a literature review on ERM more of a challenge.

From the field of library acquisitions, the issues most readily identified in recent years have been the switch from print processing to ERM and the continued struggle to find management tools that work within the local library context. 6

“Simply put, collection management is the systemic, efficient and economic stewardship of library resources.” 7 The term collection development has been with us since the 1960s. 8 However, it is a constantly evolving area, and as the library collection moves from one dominated by print to one dominated by electronic resources, collection development policies may have been patched rather than redesigned to reflect the different emphasis on delivery. In a 2012 study, Mangrum and Pozzebon found that “over half of the libraries tried to address ER [electronic resources] in some way. However, most policies contain traditional language with a section on library ER inserted into the latter portion of the document.” 9

In regard to collection development and management trends, the two biggest growth areas are e-book purchasing and purchase-on-demand or patron-driven acquisition models. There has been an explosion in collection management literature on these two topics over the past three to four years. 10 A single place for best practices, or from which a local library can create its own localized best practices, is definitely needed: “Bleiler and Livingston stressed that a lack of established policies and procedures for assessment puts a library at risk for financial loss and recommended that libraries create selection policies and standardized methods for assessment, train staff for contract negotiation, and share strategies, policies, and best practices.” 11

In addition to changes to the format of delivery of library resources, libraries must also contend with the impact of today’s economic environment. Hazen suggests that libraries need to rethink their collection development in light of these issues and move from collection to collection and content, where content is “a category that encompasses everything to which a library enjoys ready physical or digital access regardless of ownership status [and] is central to all that we do.” 12

In 2001, Jewell reported on the selection, licensing, and support of online materials by research libraries and concluded that several libraries had developed local systems for acquiring, managing, and supporting electronic resources. 13 Jewell’s report was followed in 2004 by a report from the Digital Library Federation’s (DLF) Electronic Resource Management Initiative (ERMI), which “was organized to support the rapid development of such systems by producing a series of interrelated documents to define needs and to help establish data standards.” 14 The report went on to provide a road map for ERM.

On the back end, we continue to rely on methods developed when we had 250 rather than 25,000 eresources. Information on our electronic resources is currently kept in paper files (license agreements), Excel spreadsheets (vendor contact information and administrative passwords), staff web pages (usage statistics), small databases (trial and decision tracking, divisional library resources, technical problem reports), SFX (ejournal holdings), and our ILS (acquisitions and payment data). Few of these systems are connected to each other; in some cases, information is readily accessible only to one or a few individuals, not by intent, but by the limitations of the storage mechanism. Many procedures are not documented and rely on informal channels of communication. 15

More recently there have been a number of open-source and community ERM systems, such as CORAL 16 and CUFTS, developed by Simon Fraser University (SFU) and implemented by SFU and the University of Prince Edward Island, which view this “technology not necessarily as a way of spending less money, but spending money more wisely.” 17

Another growing area of ERM is the work being performed to develop a suite of standards to support the vast amount of access and management knowledge and myriad of tools needed to maintain adequate access to electronic resources. 18 According to Sarah Glasser, “KBART and IOTA are both working to decrease OpenURL link failures that are caused by metadata deficiencies.” In addition, “PIE-J differs from KBART and IOTA because it is not focused on link resolver errors. Formed by NISO in 2010, PIE-J addresses access barriers that arise from the manner in which electronic journals are presented on provider websites.” 19

There has been a lot of discussion about the implementation of ERM systems in recent years. 20 However, use of these systems is still far from ubiquitous, and many academic libraries have yet to implement or even purchase a system. “A risk of ERMS implementations, more talked about than written about … was that the costs (in added work) to maintain a new system would outweigh the value of the added functionality.” 21 Despite early expectations, Collins and Grogg see the current crop of ERM systems as “less like a silver bullet and more like a round of buckshot.” 22

One of the most time-consuming parts of an ERM implementation is analyzing licenses and inputting them into the relevant fields of an ERM system in order for them to be meaningful to librarians and patrons. The University of Northern Colorado has developed an in-house system to perform license mapping that “makes information that is often deeply embedded within a license readily available to library personnel who could use such information in the daily operations of the library. This information is useful to any library that maintains license agreements for electronic resources.” 23

A panel session at the 2010 NASIG conference concluded that the “ERM system at UC has not solved all their problems, but some improvements have been realized. Budget tracking and staffing continue to be challenges. A final determination of the effectiveness will not be evident until the system becomes a part of the general staff workflow and not considered as something extra.” 24

Collins and Grogg cited workflow management as number one in librarians’ top six ERM priorities. They found that “over a third of librarians surveyed prioritized workflow or communications management, and they called it one of the biggest deficiencies (and disappointments) of ERMS functionality.” 25 This area has also been highlighted by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO), which has created a working group, ERM Data Standards and Best Practices Review, to undertake a gap analysis regarding ERM. 26

In the United Kingdom, the Managing Electronic Resource Issues (MERI) project at the University of Salford aimed “to produce a use case of ERM systems and a preliminary set of requirements for an electronic resource management system, for use by the University of Salford and other HE institutions and system suppliers.” 27 The requirements document from this project went on to inform the SCONUL shared ERM requirements project. An output of these projects was a set of workflows that describe the various processes involved in managing electronic resources. 28 The University of Huddersfield was one of the sixteen UK universities to take part, and like others, had never actually recorded these workflows until asked to do so by the project. All project members found that by recording workflows, they were able to take advantage of efficiencies discovered as part of documenting the process.

One of the objectives of the TERMS blog and wiki was to collect a number of e-resource workflows from a variety of different types of libraries. Both the University of Huddersfield and Portland State University shared their workflows as part of TERMS. The release of the six TERMS via the blog also encouraged other universities to share their workflows and discuss efficiencies; indeed, “rethinking e-resources workflows and developing practical tools to streamline and enhance various inelegant processes have become the priorities.” 29

Since the launch of the first draft of TERMS, the project has now attracted interest in various workflows from different libraries around the world, including the University of Cork, Duke University, Florida Gulf Coast University, and Texas A&M University.

A recent press release by Jisc in the United Kingdom suggested that international collaboration is needed to transform ERM in libraries—“Many of the concerns libraries have in the management of electronic resources are the same across the world”—and that projects such as GoKB and the Knowledge Base + service in the United Kingdom “are exploring community-based solutions.” 30

TERMS Wiki Investigating New Content for Purchase/Addition http://library.hud.ac.uk/wikiterms/Investigating_New_Content_for_purchase/addition Acquiring New Content http://library.hud.ac.uk/wikiterms/Acquiring_New_Content Implementation http://library.hud.ac.uk/wikiterms/Implementation Ongoing Evaluation and Access http://library.hud.ac.uk/wikiterms/Ongoing_Evaluation_and_Access Annual Review http://library.hud.ac.uk/wikiterms/Annual_Review Cancellation and Replacement Review http://library.hud.ac.uk/wikiterms/Cancellation_and_Replacement_Review

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LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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kayode ogunsusi

In this project, a library management system was developed for DHL Express Nig. Ltd. to address the problems faced using the existing manual system of managing a library. The new system will monitor the daily activities carried out in DHL Express Nigeria Ltd. library. This system will automate activities such as: acquisition of new books, storage of book records, updating book records, book searching mechanism, borrowing-returning of books, and report generation. The new system was developed to solve the problems that occur in terms of the average time to process the activities mentioned above, which will allow librarians and library users to maximize time efficiently. This system will also provide a user-friendly interface, it will give users access to DHL library materials in the most interactive way and with no time to waste. It will also provide the librarians effective ways of managing library materials and also ensure that these materials are secured by ensuring database security and integrity. The tools used to build the proposed system are HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript, AJAX and MySQL database management system.

Edward O Nyambane

a document prepare by Edward Ombongi Nyambane

Olusegun Olagoke

This project presents the status of automation in Oba Akinbiyi Senior Secondary School II (OASSSII)Library. A properly computerized library would help its users with quick services. Library automation refers to mechanization of library housekeeping operations predominantly by computerization. The concern of this work has been on the Implementation of an automated system using (ISSLS) to carry out the functions of the circulation section more effectively; to provide various search option; to know the availability of books in the library and generate the list of books due by the particular member and also overdue charges. The acronomy ‘ISSLS’ means Improving Student study Library system which is an in-house software system with required models for small to very large libraries. Any library planning for automation can make use of this software.

isaacpj katete

Electronic Management system for Boarding schools is web based software which is of help to Learners, parents and teachers .In the current system, at Mpunde Girls Secondary School activities are done manually. This is costly and time consuming. As a result, the management of the school has become inefficiency and ineffectiveness .Parents has complained about the management trends currently existing. In this view, the EMSBS has been developed to deal with various activities related to the management of the school. With this software, students/parents can pay school fees online, check payment history of fees, track learner classroom attendance and behavior, take examinations online, check results online, learn online, track library activities, online allocation of hostels. Administrator has the power to control all the users while teachers have more privileges than the pupils and parents. This system is highly recommended as it is capable of addressing the errors which may arise as a result of Manual activities. Manual activities are much prone to errors. Development of the application was accomplished using both the front end and back end development tools. The tools used in front end include CSS and HTML5 and JavaScript, while the back end which is the server side was developed using MySQL, PHP

IBRAHIM WADA

Impregnated with responsibilities to satisfy diversified needs of library users, Library professionals and Librarians are being offered helping hands by Information and Communication Technology in this 21st century. With Free Open Source Software (FOS) such as Content Management Systems, MySQL, Apache Servers, to mention but few, Librarians can leapfrog from provision of static contents to dynamically controllable and presentable rich contents on the web. To do just that, Cookbook is needed to save time, fine tune procedures, moderate strategies and offer model for successes in designing, developing and deploying library portal according to varying needs. This book is a research based, innovative and conditioning recipe prepared with the intent to offer procedure and steps for developing library portal in not time.

Ibrahim Wada

Nicole C Baratta

hyoudou imam

Design and implementation of a web based human resouce management system

Nafisat Sanni

Human resource management system was developed to automate the management of employees. Development work included construction of the core system framework, creation and management of employee accounts, design of employee profiles and an integrated hiring process and leave management.

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Automated library management system for public libraries in the Philippines

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a computerized system that will increase the efficiency and supervision of library activities, thereby providing easy access to library usage for librarians and library users. Design/methodology/approach The researchers use the agile methodology to develop and implement the system. PHP, JavaScript, Hypertext Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheets and SQL are the languages used to create the library management system. Findings The developed system received an overall rating of 4.42 with a descriptive rating of “Excellent.” Originality/value The automated library management system is a computerized system for the public libraries designed in the Philippine setting to make the library’s processes more efficient, reliable and portable especially in times of pandemics.

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An Effective and Robust Computerized Library Management System

Earlier Librarian needs to keep the track of books manually which consumes more time. With the advancement of new technology, Library Management System which aims in developing a computerized system that manages and stores the books information electronically. In this paper we provide an efficient access over library system application that was developed through ServiceNow platform. In ServiceNow platform we can easily develop the applications and automate the things in very less time.[1]The main purpose of this paper is to provide an easy access to library. And also to provide the details of library books, issue of books and notify the user about due dates of book being issued. This application helps the user to access the information of the books which saves time and energy. Errors are also avoided by allowing the system to keep the track of information such as issue date, due date to return the book by sending notifications to the user. In this application we have used the concepts like Form Designer,Service portal, Client Scripts, Notifications, Events and Scheduled scripts.[2]Thus, this application reduce manual work to a great extent and allows smooth flow of library activities.

Delivering a shared library management system for Wales

Purpose A case study of the Wales Higher Education Libraries Forum (WHELF) project to procure and implement a shared library management system (LMS) for all universities in Wales, together with the National Health Service Libraries in Wales and the National Library of Wales. In particular, the purpose of this paper is to explore the drivers to this collaboration, outline the benefits achieved and the framework to realise further benefits. Design/methodology/approach Case study review of the process, together with a review of literature on consortia and LMSs. Findings WHELF has developed into a more mature consortium through procuring and implementing a shared LMS. The process has delivered tangible benefits and is driving more work to realise further benefits. Research limitations/implications As the WHELF Shared LMS project is only nearing the end of the implementation phase, many of the anticipated operational benefits cannot be reported. Practical implications Useful case study for other consortia or potential consortia. Originality/value WHELF is in vanguard of consortia developments in the UK, and this is the first case study of the project.

Implementing the first library management system at Merthyr Tydfil Public Libraries: an overview and impact on staff

Proficient automated library management system(palms): a new model for public libraries of pakistan., greenstone digital library management system – a functional review based on selected criteria.

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a functional review of Greenstone based on selected criteria, viz., user friendliness, administration, customization, international metadata standards and interoperability, search and browse capabilities, security aspects, statistical reports, unique features and limitations. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is solely based on secondary information collected from different sources like books, articles from national and international journal articles, reports of various organizations and local newspapers as well as the resources available in various websites. Findings – It was observed that the Greenstone on Windows is less robust than the other operating systems such as Linux. It was reported that during the collection building process of some documents, the system hangs and the user has to turn off the browsers and the interfaces, and no alternate method is available to restore normalcy. The software has been reviewed on selected criteria, and it is suggested to use Greenstone Digital Library Management System (DLMS) system as the most suitable and convenient for installation, uploading of documents and usage for small- and medium-type organizations. Practical implications – This paper would be of great help for library professionals to learn about diverse features available in the software and in selecting the best DLMS. Originality/value – The Greenstone DLMS is functionally reviewed and analysed based on selected broad criteria, viz., user friendliness, administration, customization, international metadata standards and interoperability, search and browse capabilities, security aspects and statistical functions.

Inventory of a library collection using Android application

Purpose This paper aims to discuss the possibilities of using a mobile application in the process of conducting an inventory of library collection and present an application for the same. The application scans barcode labels on books and retrieves data about those books. Data regarding the status and call number of each book can be changed using this application. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a case study of developing an application for the Android platform, and this application is part of the BISIS library management system. Findings By analysing the procedure of conducting an inventory in the library of the Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, it is concluded that this procedure is tedious and can be simplified. To make this procedure more efficient, a mobile application enabling search and update of bibliographic records has been developed. That application communicates with the BISIS library management system using a specially designed service. Practical implications By introducing this application at the libraries, the process of inventory of a library collection can be simplified, the time needed for the inventory will be shorter and the inventory will require less physical effort. Originality/value The application is designed to help librarians during the process of inventory of library collections. During this process, librarians have to check status of every item on the shelves and to update catalogue with new information. This application enables mobility of librarians and updates information about items during checking the shelves.

Migrating to a shared Library Management System: evaluation from the perspective of librarians and lessons learned

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Resolving multiple copies problem in unique-titles from biblio-records available through KOHA library management system

Purpose Advancements in open source, free integrated library management system (LMS) for cataloging, circulation, flexible reporting and automated library services especially in academic communities has gained extreme importance. The purpose of this study is to provide solution to a distinct problem about automatic generation of multiple copies for unique titles leading to title mismatch and duplication in biblio-records related to university collection of books. The aim of this paper is to provide solution to generate the unique titles report in any large size university library using KOHA, without loss of accession history or empirical data. This paper also demonstrates the smooth transition from one library software to KOHA. Design/methodology/approach The case university is considered here as a giant entity having huge collection of reading material, along with multiple institutes affiliations. The study demonstrates a step-by-step trial-and-error method involving several iterations detecting root cause, implementing corrective actions and finally resolving the problem of data redundancy and duplication of records. Currently, KOHA’s user manual does not provide any solution to this problem. The authors believe that this paper will enable various practitioners of KOHA-LMS toward understanding and appreciating the quality of library information/records being managed in delivering quality services to all its users and stakeholders. The methodology used in this work is KOHA’s open access platform, and the existing LMS, for generating unique titles report. The Microsoft’s Excel format, pivot table approach, Libsuite software, SQL queries for KOHA, databases, cloud-based system platform, etc. approaches are used to successfully achieve the unique title report of print books in the university library. Findings This paper provides the solution about how to generate a complete and correct unique title report for all print books of the university. The preventive measures related to generation of unique titles when influx of new books or adding new institute(s) under the university are required. Research limitations/implications The focus of the work discussed here is limited to generating correct report of unique titles using KOHA related to only print books of a university having multiple institutes affiliated to it. Practical implications This paper gives a constructive solution for generation of the unique titles report using KOHA, practically useful for any university or to the institute who wish to use KOHA, one of the open source software used worldwide for libraries. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to study how to generate unique titles report related to print books of the university library. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there exists no such case study from available knowledge base/literature on the topic of interest and particularly focusing on the multiple copies data redundancy problem of KOHA-LMS.

Implementation of database using python flask framework

This paper is aimed at development of a college database management system that can be used in any educational institution. Python flask framework is used to implement this application, that can be accessed throughout the institution or by any specific department of the institution. This system offers different features to the students and the members of the staff which includes attendance and marks  of the students that can be accessed by both student and staff but can be only updated by staff of particular department . Students as well as staffs have separate logins that can be accessed by them easily . The system  also includes a library management system which works in real time,a micro transport management system and a training and placement management system.Library management system keeps track of the books issued and also calculates the fine generated for delay in book returning and transport system maintains the record of each student i.e bus number ,route of that bus etc . A separate system for analysing the placement record of the college is also present . This system is developed  to maintain and facilitate easy access to information to every member associated with this system. For this the users must be registered with the system after which they can access their accounts as well as modify data as per the permissions given to them. Python flask framework is the technology that we have used to develop the college management system. Flask is a web framework written in python. It can be classified into microframework because it does not require any particular tolls or libraries. However flask supports extension that can add application features . For frontend we have used HTML,CSS and javascript whereas for backend we have used python flask and mysql.This system  helps college and universities to save time , money and resources. 

Study of Clustering Algorithms for Library Management System

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A Literature Review on Digitization in Libraries and Digital Libraries

The purpose of this work was due to critical literature reviews often being used as a crucial tool for the research outputs of different ideologies to access and develop the knowledge base. The main aim of this paper is to review current literature on digitization in libraries considering different facets like process of selection, acquisition, conversion, creation of metadata, storage, preparing for long term access and issues and challenges for managing these through a review of literature. The current study follows a literature review process where there is analysis of 56 full papers on different aspects of digitization and digital libraries after a filtration from 110 research papers from 2010 to 2019. A number of major issues and challenges like high budget, diversity in records, efficiency and hard labor, document security, quality control, information retrieval, and manipulation of metadata associated with digitization and digital library management with correspondence solutions to them were identified. The study provides valuable information to researchers and librarians working in the field of digitization by illustrating the process, challenge, and implication in libraries as were outlined by various scholars from different corners of the world.

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Journal and Issue

Articles in the same issue.

• What is Software Development
• Agile Software Development
• Software Developer
• SDE Roadmap
• SDE Interview Guide
• SDE Companies
• Types of Software Development
• Learn Product Management
• Software Engineering Tutorial
• Software Testing Tutorial
• Project Management Tutorial
• Agile Methodology
• Selenium Basics
• Library Management System Project
• Step 1. Team Formation Phase
• Step 2. Topic Selection
• Step 3. Creating Project Synopsys
• Step 4. Requirement Gathering - Creating SRS
• Step 5. Coding or Implementation of Library Mangement System
• Step 5.1 LMS Coding | Environment Creation
• Step 5.2 LMS Coding | Database Creation
• Step 5.3 LMS Coding | Frontend and Backend Development
• Step 5.3.1 LMS Coding | Login page Module
• Step 5.3.2 LMS Coding | User Dashboard Module
• Step 5.3.3 LMS Coding | Admin Dashboard Module
• Step 5.3.4 LMS Coding | Add/Manage Book Module
• Step 5.3.5 LMS Coding | Add/Manage Book Category Module
• Step 5.3.6 LMS Coding | Issue Book Module
• Step 6. Testing Library Mangement System
• Step 7. Creating Project Presentation
• Step 8. Writing a Research Paper

Future Enhancements for Library Management System

Library management system project in software development.

Library Management System is one of the most common software development projects till date. In this article, we are going to make the Library Management System software development project, from scratch, for final year students. We will be covering all the steps you have to do while developing this project.

Library Management System | Software Development Project

• How to create a Library Management System Project?

Table of Content

Step 1- Team Formation Phase: Creating a Dynamic Team

Step 2- Topic Selection

Step 3- Project Synopsys for Library Management System

Step 4- requirement gathering (creating srs for library mangement system).

• Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Document Template

4.1 SRS (Library Mangement System) | Introduction:

4.2 srs (library mangement system) | overall description:, 4.3 srs (library mangement system) | designing library management system :.

• 4.3.1 Use case Diagram for Library Management System:
• 4.3.2 ER Model of Library Management System:
• 4.3.3 Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System:

4.4 Functional Requirements | SRS (Library Mangement System)

4.5 non functional requirements | srs (library mangement system), 4.6 srs (library mangement system) | appendices:, 5. coding or implementation of library mangement system.

• 5.1 Implementing Library Mangement System | Environment Creation:
• 5.2 Implementing Library Mangement System | Database Creation:
• 5.3 Implementing Library Mangement System | Frontend and Backend Development:
• 5.3.1 Step 1: Creation of Login page Module:
• 5.3.2 Step 2: Creation of User Dashboard Module:
• 5.3.3 Step 3: Creation of Admin Dashboard Module:
• 5.3.4 Step 4: Creation of Add/Manage Book Module:
• 5.3.5 Step 5: Creation of Add/Manage Book Category Module:
• 5.3.6 Step 6: Creation of Issue Book Module:

Step 6- Testing Library Mangement System

Step 7- creating project presentation on library management system:, step 8- writing a research paper on library management system:.

A Project Development is a multiphase process in which each and every process are equally important. Here in this post we are also going to develop our Library Management System Project in multiple phases, such as:

• Team Formation
• Topic Selection
• Creating Project Synopsys
• Requirement Gathering
• Coding or Implementation
• Project Presentation
• Writing a Research Paper

Let us look into the steps one by one.

Team formation for a final year project is a crucial aspect that can significantly impact the success and efficiency of the project. In the final year, students often have diverse academic backgrounds, skills, and interests. Therefore, forming a well-balanced team becomes essential to leverage the strengths of each member and address any potential weaknesses.

In Our project as we will be exploring about web application for Library Management system so we will be required below skill sets.

• Front end Developer
• Back end Developer
• Devops Developer

Step 1- Team Formation Phase

While making our project of library management system this will be our second step in which we will find an interesting problem statement and try to generate an idea to solve that problem using our knowledge.

Choose a topic related to your field of study that is of great interest to you. It is advised that you pick a topic that has a powerful motive. For instance, a project that helps humankind will truly be unmatched. Another factor to keep in mind is to choose topics that aren’t very common. 

• Topic Planning : In this phase team will gather and try to search a topic or problem statement by brainstorming , reverse thinking or any other strategy and select a problem which is challenging in nature and solvable by using their combined knowledge of tech.
• Defining & Set Objective : After planning the problem statement we will define clear problem statement and its objectives.

Result : In the end of this phase we will be having a problem statement for our project.

In our example we are selecting the topic ” Library Management System ” .

After the selection of the topic we are going to start our project work in the following steps:

A project synopsis serves as a concise overview or summary of a proposed project, offering a brief but comprehensive insight into its objectives, scope, methodology, and expected outcomes. It typically acts as a preliminary document, providing supervisors, or evaluators with a quick understanding of the project before they delve into more detailed documentation.

Synopsys of Library Management System

The project synopsis usually includes key elements such as the project title , problem statement or context , objectives , scope and limitations , methodology or approach , expected outcomes , and the significance of the project in the broader context. It serves as a roadmap, guiding readers through the fundamental aspects of the project and helping them grasp its purpose and potential impact.

Below are some of the points we have to cover in the synopsis report : Project Title Introduction of Project Problem Statement Proposed Solution Objective of the Project Scope of the Project Methodologies used ER Model Use case Diagram Dataflow Diagram Features of the project For Users For Admin Impact of the project Limitations of the project Future scope of the project

Let’s create a Synopsys Report for Library Management System:

3.1 Introduction | Project Synopsys for Library Management System

A Library Management System (LMS) is a software application that simplifies and automates the operations of libraries. It is a complete system for managing library duties such as purchases, member management, monitoring, storing, and circulation. The primary objective of an LMS is to properly organize and manage the resources available in a library, making it easier for librarians to conduct everyday operations and create a user-friendly experience for users.

3.1.1 Problem Statement for Library Management System :

Conventional libraries are having difficulty integrating various formats, including multimedia and e-resources, because of outdated management systems. Inefficient cataloguing, resource tracking bottlenecks, and a lack of analytics tools hinder librarians from optimizing collections and improving user experiences. To close the gap, libraries require a modern library management system with an intuitive interface, effective cataloguing, and analytics capabilities to resurrect libraries as vibrant centres of knowledge and community involvement in the digital era.

3.1.2 Proposed Solution for Library management system :

To solve the traditional issue we are building a W eb development project of library management system using Html , Bootstrap , Php and MYSQL in which we will be providing User-friendly interface for easy navigation , Efficient book search functionality , seamless book issuance and return policy , automated tracking of library activities, Regular maintenance of book availability records and Secure login and access control managed by the admin.

3.1.3 Objective of the Project :

The objective of the Library Management System (LMS) project is to design and implement an efficient and user-friendly system that automates the various tasks associated with managing a library.

The primary goals of the project include:

• Efficient Book Management : Streamlining the process of book acquisition, cataloguing, and tracking to ensure an organized and easily accessible collection.
• User-Friendly Interface : Developing an intuitive and user-friendly interface for library staff and patrons to facilitate easy navigation, quick retrieval of information, and seamless interaction with the system.
• Automation of Processes : Automating routine library tasks such as book check-in and check-out, reservation management, and overdue notifications to improve operational efficiency and reduce manual workload.
• Inventory Management : Implementing a robust inventory management system to monitor stock levels, identify popular titles, and facilitate timely reordering of books to maintain a well-stocked library.
• Enhanced Search and Retrieval : Implementing an advanced search mechanism to allow users to quickly locate books, authors, or genres, promoting a more efficient and enjoyable library experience.
• User Account Management : Providing features for patrons to create accounts, track their borrowing history, and manage personal preferences, fostering a personalized and user-centric library experience.
• Reporting and Analytics : Incorporating reporting tools to generate insights into library usage, popular genres, and circulation trends, enabling informed decision-making for library administrators.
• Security and Access Control : Implementing robust security measures to protect sensitive library data and incorporating access controls to ensure that only authorized personnel have access to specific functionalities.
• Integration with Other Systems : Offering the flexibility for integration with other academic or administrative systems to create a cohesive and interconnected information ecosystem within the institution.
• Scalability : Designing the system to be scalable, allowing for easy expansion and adaptation to the evolving needs of the library as it grows over time.

By achieving these objectives, the Library Management System aims to enhance the overall efficiency, accessibility, and user satisfaction of the library services, ultimately contributing to an enriched learning and research environment within the institution.

3.1.4 Scope of the Project :

It may help collecting perfect management in details . In a very short time the collection will be obvious simple and sensible. it will help a person to know the management of passed year perfectly and vividly. it also helps in current all works relative to library management system . It will reduce the cost of collecting the management and collection procedure will go on smoothly.

The scope of the project of library management system typically covers the following aspects:

• Book Management : The system should cover tasks related to book acquisition, cataloguing, and organization within the library.
• User Management : Creating and managing user accounts, handling patron information, and providing authentication for library services.
• Circulation Management : Automating the process of book check-in, check-out, and reservation to streamline circulation activities.
• Search and Retrieval : Implementing a robust search mechanism for users to quickly locate books, authors, and other library resources.
• Reporting and Analytics : Generating reports on library usage, circulation trends, and popular genres to aid decision-making.
• Security and Access Control : Ensuring the security of sensitive data and implementing access controls to manage user privileges.
• Usability : Ensuring a user-friendly interface that promotes ease of navigation and a positive user experience for both library staff and patrons.
• Scalability : Designing the system to accommodate growth in the library’s collection and user base over time.
• Performance : Meeting performance standards to ensure timely response and efficient processing of library transactions.
• Reliability : Building a reliable system that minimizes downtime and ensures the continuous availability of library services.
• Security : Incorporating robust security measures to protect against unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security threats.

3.2 Methodologies | Project Synopsys for Library Management System

In LMS we are using various technologies and new methodologies to solve our problems. Below are the detailed description about the technology used and methods we are applying in our project.

Technology Used :

Here we are developing a Library Management System (LMS) using HTML , Bootstrap for the frontend, and MySQL , PHP , and JavaScript for the backend involves a structured methodology.

ER Model of Library Management System :

An Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) for a Library Management System (LMS) models the entities and their relationships within the system. Below is a simplified ERD for a Library Management System. In Synopsys we make a rough ER Diagram to give a idea about the working of the project.

Let’s Draw an ER Model of Library Management System:

ER Model of Library Management System

• Book : Attributes: ISBN (Primary Key), Title, Author, Genre, Published Year, Copies Available, etc.
• Readers : Attributes: User ID (Primary Key), Name, Email, Address, Phone Number, etc.
• Staff : Attributes: Staff ID (Primary Key), Name, etc.
• Authentication System : Attributes: Login ID (Primary Key) and Password
• Publisher : Attributes: Publisher ID (Primary Key) , Year of Publication, Name, etc.
• Reports : Attributes: Reg No(Primary Key), User ID, Book No, Issue/Return

Relationships:

• A Reader can borrow multiple books.
• A Book can be borrowed by multiple Readers.
• Attributes: Borrow Date, Return Date
• A Staff member manages the catalogue, which includes adding, updating, or removing books.
• A Book is managed by a Staff member.
• Attributes: Management Date, Operation Type (Add/Update/Remove)
• A Staff member issues library cards to Readers.
• A Reader can have only one Staff member issuing their card.
• Attributes: Issue Date, Expiry Date
• The Authentication System authenticates Staff and Readers during the login process.
• Attributes: Last Login Date, Login Attempts
• A Book is published by a Publisher.
• A Publisher can have multiple books.
• Attributes: Publication Date
• A Report is generated for transactions involving Readers and Books.
• Attributes: Generation Date, Report Type (Issue/Return)

Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System:

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) serves as a visual representation of the flow of information within the system. This diagram illustrates how data, such as book information, user details, and transaction records, moves between various components of the LMS.

• Processes , represented by circles or ovals, Depict activities such as book issuance, returns, and cataloguing.
• Data stores , depicted by rectangles, represent where information is stored, including databases housing book records.
• Data flows , indicated by arrows, showcase how data moves between processes, data stores, and external entities like library patrons.

The DFD provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the LMS’s data flow and interactions, aiding in the analysis, design, and communication of the system’s functional aspects.

Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System

Use Case Diagram of Library Management System :

Use case diagram  referred as a Behaviour model or diagram. It simply describes and displays the relation or interaction between the users or customers and providers of application service or the system. It describes different actions that a system performs in collaboration to achieve something with one or more users of the system. Use case diagram is used a lot nowadays to manage the system.

Here is a Use Case Diagram for Library Management System:

Use Case Diagram for Library Management System

3.3 Features | Project Synopsys for Library Management System

The proposed Library Management System (LMS) is designed to simplify the day-to-day activities of a library, providing features for both users and administrators.

For Users :

We will have following features for a User:

• This feature allows new users (students, teachers, etc.) to sign up for the system by providing the necessary details.
• This feature Provides authenticated access for registered users to use the system.
• This feature allow users to search for books based on criteria such as book ID, book name, or author name, enhancing the ease of locating desired materials.
• This feature allow users in borrowing books from the library by recording the transaction and updating the availability status.
• This feature allows users to return books either before the due date or after the specified time with a late fine, ensuring proper management of borrowed materials.

For Admin :

• This feature allows librarians to enter various records into the system, such as book issuances, returns, and non-availability of books.
• This feature allow librarians to keep track of the library’s books by adding new books or removing them.
• This feature allow librarians to keep track of number of students and their details.
• This feature allows librarians to view all Issued books with their status.
• This feature allows librarians to show the details of the student who did not return the books before the deadline.

Authentication and Authorization:

• The system implements a secure login mechanism for users, and administrators. The admin has the authority to manage user access and ensure data integrity.

3.4 Impact | Project Synopsys for Library Management System

The proposed Library Management System (LMS) , developed using MySQL and Java NetBeans, is expected to have a substantial impact on real-life library operations, benefiting both librarians and patrons in several ways:

• Enhanced User Experience : The user-friendly interface facilitates easy navigation, making it more convenient for library patrons to search for and access resources. This improved experience is likely to encourage greater library utilization.
• Time Efficiency : The efficient book search functionality and seamless book issuance and return process significantly reduce the time spent by both librarians and patrons. Quick transactions and streamlined processes contribute to a more time-efficient library environment.
• Automated Tracking for Efficiency : Automation of library activities, such as tracking book transactions and due dates, enhances operational efficiency. Librarians can focus on more strategic tasks, and patrons benefit from timely reminders and notifications, reducing instances of late returns.
• Accurate Book Availability Records : The regular maintenance of accurate book availability records ensures that the library’s collection remains up-to-date. Patrons can trust the system to provide reliable information on the availability of specific titles, contributing to a more satisfying library experience.
• Improved Security and Access Control : The implementation of secure login and access control measures ensures the integrity and confidentiality of library data. Librarians can manage user access efficiently, and patrons can trust that their personal information is secure, fostering trust in the system.
• Resource Optimization : With the ability to track library activities and user preferences, librarians can optimize the library’s resources. This includes restocking popular titles, identifying underutilized resources, and making informed decisions about future acquisitions, ultimately enhancing the library’s overall value.
• Adaptation to Modern Technologies : The integration of barcode or RFID technology brings the library into the modern age, aligning it with current technological trends. This not only improves the efficiency of book transactions but also showcases the library’s commitment to staying relevant in the digital era.

3.5 Limitations | Project Synopsys for Library Management System

Library Management System (LMS) can offer many benefits, it may also have certain limitations. Here are some potential constraints associated with such a system:

• Limited Scalability : Depending on the design and architecture, scalability might be limited, making it challenging to handle a significant increase in users or data volume.
• Performance Issues : Large datasets or complex queries may result in slower performance, especially if optimization techniques are not adequately implemented.
• Security Concerns : Without careful attention to security practices, there might be vulnerabilities such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting, posing risks to data integrity and user privacy.
• Offline Accessibility : A web-based LMS may have limitations in providing offline access to resources, which could be a constraint in environments with intermittent or no internet connectivity.
• Browser Compatibility : Compatibility issues may arise across different browsers, requiring additional effort to ensure a consistent user experience.
• Limited User Interface Customization : HTML and CSS provide styling capabilities, but achieving highly customized and dynamic user interfaces might be more challenging compared to frameworks with extensive UI libraries.
• Dependency on JavaScrip t: If users disable JavaScript in their browsers, certain interactive features might not function correctly, affecting the overall user experience.
• Complexity in Real-time Updates : Real-time updates, such as simultaneous editing or live notifications, may require more advanced technologies (like WebSocket) and could add complexity to the system.
• Dependency on Server-Side Processing : Heavy reliance on server-side processing with PHP might lead to increased server loads, affecting response times, especially during peak usage periods.
• Limited Mobile Responsiveness : While Bootstrap and CSS can enhance mobile responsiveness, ensuring a seamless experience across all devices may require additional effort and testing.

To mitigate these limitations, it’s essential to continuously monitor and update the system, follow best practices in coding and security, and consider adopting additional technologies or frameworks based on evolving project requirements. Regular testing and user feedback can also help identify and address potential constraints.

3.6 Future Scope | Project Synopsys for Library Management System

The future scope of a Library Management System (LMS) developed using HTML, CSS, JS, PHP, and MySQL is promising, with opportunities for enhancement and expansion. Some potential future avenues for the project include:

• Integration of Advanced Technologies: Explore the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for intelligent book recommendations, predictive analytics, and user behaviour analysis.
• Mobile Applications : Develop dedicated mobile applications for iOS and Android platforms to provide a more seamless and tailored user experience on smartphones and tablets.
• Enhanced User Interactivity : Implement more interactive features, such as real-time collaboration, chat support, and discussion forums, to foster a sense of community among library patrons.
• Accessibility Improvements : Focus on enhancing accessibility features to ensure inclusivity for users with diverse needs, including those with disabilities. This could involve compliance with accessibility standards and guidelines.
• Blockchain Integration : Explore the potential of integrating blockchain technology for secure and transparent management of transactions, user data, and digital rights management.
• E-learning Integration : Integrate e-learning functionalities, allowing users to access educational materials, tutorials, and multimedia content directly through the LMS.
• Data Analytics for Decision-Making : Implement advanced data analytics tools to derive insights into library usage patterns, user preferences, and popular resources. This data-driven approach can inform decision-making for collection development and resource allocation.
• Multi-language Support : Expand the system’s reach by incorporating multi-language support to cater to diverse user populations and potentially attract a global user base.
• Enhanced Security Measures : Stay abreast of evolving cybersecurity threats and implement advanced security measures to safeguard user data and ensure the integrity of the system.
• Customization Options: Provide users with more customization options, allowing them to personalize their profiles, preferences, and interface settings for a tailored experience.
• Voice Recognition and AI Assistants: Explore the integration of voice recognition technology and AI-driven virtual assistants to enable hands-free interactions and enhance the overall user experience.
• Collaboration with External Systems : Collaborate with external systems, such as publishers or other libraries, to expand the availability of resources and streamline inter-library loans.
• User Feedback Mechanisms : Strengthen user feedback mechanisms to continuously gather input on system performance, identify areas for improvement, and enhance user satisfaction.

After Creating Synopsys of our project we will start building Software Requirement Specification for our project , which will be out next phase .

This is the next phase after the submission of the synopsis report. We can do this process before the Synopsys report creation as well , It is all depends upon the project and their requirements. Here after getting an overview about the project now we can easily do the requirement gathering for our project.

Requirement analysis, also known as requirements engineering or elicitation, is a critical phase in the software development process. It involves gathering , documenting , and analysing the needs and constraints of a project to define its scope and guide subsequent development.

Requirement Gathering & Designing Phase in Library Management System

We develop a detailed Software Requirement Specification for Library Management System, in this process which will have all the details about the project from Technical to Non Technical Requirements.

Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Document | Library Management System

Below are some of the key points in a Software Requirement Specification Document:

Introduction Purpose Scope References Overall Description Product Perspective Product Function User Classes and characteristics Operating Environment Assumptions and Dependencies Functional Requirements Software Requirements Hardware Requirements Database Requirements Non-Functional Requirement Usability Requirements Security Requirements Availability Requirements Scalability Requirements Performance Requirements Design Control Flow Diagram ER Model of LMS Use Case Diagram System Features

Note : To know more about What is a SRS Document or How to write a good SRS for your Project follow these articles.

Let’s Start building a Software Requirement Specification for Library Management System Document for our project:

4.1.1 Purpose:

The main objective of this document is to illustrate the requirements of the project Library Management system. The document gives the detailed description of the both functional and non-functional requirements proposed by the client.

The purpose of this project is to provide a friendly environment to maintain the details of books and library members also this project maintains easy circulation system using computers and to provide different reports. It describes the hardware and software interface requirements using ER Models and UML diagrams.

4.1.2 Scope of the Project:

Library Management System is basically updating the manual library system into an internet-based web application so that the users can know the details of their accounts, availability of books and maximum limit for borrowing and many more features.

The project is specifically designed for the use of librarians and library users. The product will work as a complete user interface for library management process and library usage from ordinary users. Library Management System can be used by any existing or new library to manage its books and book borrowing, insertion and monitoring. It is especially useful for any educational institute where modifications in the content can be done easily according to requirements.

The project can be easily implemented under various situations. We can add new features as and when we require, making reusability possible as there is flexibility in all the modules. The language used for developing the project is Html, Bootstrap and php and mysql for backend. In terms of performance, tools available, cross platform compatibility, libraries, cost (freely available), and development process these languages are pretty compatible.

4.1.3 References :

• Software Requirements (Microsoft) Second Edition By Karl E. Wiegers
• Fundamentals of Database System By Elmasri
• Software Requirements and Specifications: A Lexicon of Practice, Principles and Prejudices (ACM Press) by Michael Jackson
• Fundamentals of Software Engineering By Rajib Mall
• Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach Fifth Edition By Roger S. Pressman

4.2.1 Product Perspective :

LMS is a replacement for the ordinary library management systems which depend on paper work for recording book and users’ information. LMS will provide an advanced book search mechanism and will make it easy to borrow, insert and index a book in the library.

4.2.2 Product Functions :

Authentication and authorization system:, 4.2.3 class diagram and characteristics :.

Class Diagram for Library Management System simply describes structure of Library Management System class, attributes, methods or operations, relationship among objects.

Class Diagram for Library Management System

Aggregation and Multiplicity are two important points that need to take into consideration while designing a Class Diagram. Let us understand in detail.

Aggregation:

• Aggregation simply shows a relationship where one thing can exist independently of other thing. It means to create or compose different abstractions together in defining a class.
• Aggregation is represented as a part of relationship in class diagram. In diagram given below, we can see that aggregation is represented by an edge with a diamond end pointing towards superclass.
• The “Library Management System” is superclass that consists of various classes.These classes are User, Book, and Librarian as shown in diagram. Further, for “Account” class, “User” is a superclass. All of these, share a relationship and these relationships are known as aggregate relationships.

Multiplicity :

• Multiplicity means that number of elements of a class is associated with another class. These relations can be one-to-one, many-to-many, and many-to-one or one-to-many. For denoting one element we use  1 , for zero elements we use  0 , and for many elements we use  * .
• We can see in diagram; many users are associated with many books denoted by  *  and this represents a  many-to-many  type of relationship. One user has only one account that is denoted by 1 and this represents a  one-to-one  type of relationship.
• Many books are associated with one librarian and this represents  many-to-one  or  one-to-many  type of relationship. All these relationships are shown in diagram.

4.2.4 General Constraints :

• The information of all users, books and libraries must be stored in a database that is accessible by the website.
• MS SQL Server will be used as SQL engine and database.
• The Online Library System is running 24 hours a day.
• Users may access LMS from any computer that has Internet browsing capabilities and an Internet connection.
• Users must have their correct usernames and passwords to enter into their online accounts and do actions.

4.2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies :

The assumptions are:-

• The Coding should be error free.
• The system should be user-friendly so that it is easy to use for the users .
• The information of all users, books and libraries must be stored in a database that is accessible by the website .
• The system should have more storage capacity and provide fast access to the database.
• The system should provide search facility and support quick transactions.
• The Library System is running 24 hours a day .
• Users may access from any computer that has Internet browsing capabilities and an Pillai Institute of Information Technology, Engineering, Media Studies & Research Department of Information Technology Internet connection.
• Users must have their correct usernames and passwords to enter into their online accounts and do actions .

The Dependencies are:-

• The specific hardware and software due to which the product will be run.
• On the basis of listing requirements and specification the project will be developed and run.
• The end users (admin) should have proper understanding of the product.
• The system should have the general report stored.
• The information of all the users must be stored in a database that is accessible by the Library System.
• Any update regarding the book from the library is to be recorded to the database and the data entered should be correct.

Use case Diagram for Library Management System:

Use Case Diagram of Library Management System

This is a broad level diagram of the project showing a basic overview. The users can be either staff or student. This System will provide a search functionality to facilitate the search of resources. This search will be based on various categories . Further the library staff personal can add/update the resources and the resource users from the system. The users of the system can request issue/renew/return of books for which they would have to follow certain criteria.

ER Model of Library Management System:

ER Diagram  is known as Entity-Relationship Diagram, it is used to analyze  the structure of the Database. It shows relationships between entities and their attributes. An ER Model provides a means of communication. 

The Library Management System database keeps track of readers with the following considerations –

• The system keeps track of the staff with a single point authentication system comprising login Id and password.
• Staff maintains the book catalog with its ISBN, Book title, price(in INR), category(novel, general, story), edition, author Number and details.
• A publisher has publisher Id, Year when the book was published, and name of the book.
• Readers are registered with their user_id, email, name (first name, last name), Phone no (multiple entries allowed), communication address. The staff keeps track of readers.
• Readers can return/reserve books that stamps with issue date and return date. If not returned within the prescribed time period, it may have a due date too.
• Staff also generate reports that has readers id, registration no of report, book no and return/issue info.

Let’s draw an ER Model of Library Management System:

Entities and their Attributes –

• Book Entity :  It has authno, isbn number, title, edition, category, price. ISBN is the Primary Key for Book Entity.
• Reader Entity :  It has UserId, Email, address, phone no, name. Name is composite attribute of firstname and lastname. Phone no is multi valued attribute. UserId is the Primary Key for Readers entity.
• Publisher Entity :  It has PublisherId, Year of publication, name. PublisherID is the Primary Key.
• Authentication System Entity :  It has LoginId and password with LoginID as Primary Key.
• Reports Entity :  It has UserId, Reg_no, Book_no, Issue/Return date. Reg_no is the Primary Key of reports entity.
• Staff Entity :  It has name and staff_id with staff_id as Primary Key.
• Reserve/Return Relationship Set :  It has three attributes: Reserve date, Due date, Return date.

Relationships between Entities – 

• A reader can reserve N books but one book can be reserved by only one reader. The relationship 1:N.
• A publisher can publish many books but a book is published by only one publisher. The relationship 1:N.
• Staff keeps track of readers. The relationship is M:N.
• Staff maintains multiple reports. The relationship 1:N.
• Staff maintains multiple Books. The relationship 1:N.
• Authentication system provides login to multiple staffs. The relation is 1:N.
• Let’s draw an Data Flow Diagram of Library Management System:

The LMS must have the following functional requirements:

• The LMS should store all information about librarian and other users (student students and faculty members) like their login info , books issued etc.
• The LMS should store all information about the books and users in two separated databases.
• The LMS should allow searching books / journals by author, title , keywords or availability.
• The LMS should generate request’s reports for librarian , upon which he/she could make decisions about accepting / rejecting the requests.
• The LMS should provide the module to Issue or return the books.
• The LMS should provide modules to search request and renew books .
• The Admin must be able to add/remove/manage books or users.

4.4.1 Software Requirements :

This software package is developed using html , bootstrap for front end . Php and MY SQL Server as the back end to store the database for backend we are using Xampp server.

• Operating System : Windows 7, 8, 9, 10 .
• Language : Html , Css , Javascript , Php , sql
• Database : MS SQL Server (back end)

4.4.2 Hardware Requirements :

• Processor : Intel core i3 or above for a stable experience and fast retrieval of data.
• Hard Disk : 40GB and above
• RAM : 256 MB or more, recommended 2 GB for fast reading and writing capabilities which will result in better performance time.

4.5.1 Usability Requirements :

• Our user interface should be interactive simple and easy to understand . The system should prompt for the user and administrator to login to the application for proper input criteria.
• Library management system shall handle expected and non – expected errors in ways that prevent loss in information and long downtime period.

4.5.2 Security Requirements :

• System should use secured Database.
• Normal users can just read information but they cannot edit or modify anything except their personal and some other information.
• System will have different types of users and every user has access constraints.
• Proper user authentication should be provided.
• No one should be able to hack users password .
• There should be separate accounts for admin and members such that no member can access the database and only admin has the rights to update the database.

4.5.3 Performance Requirements :

• The system shall accommodate high number of books and users without any fault.
• Responses to view information shall take no longer than 5 seconds to appear on the screen.

4.5.4 Error Requirements :

LMS product shall handle expected and non-expected errors in ways that prevent loss in information and long downtime period.

Appendix A:

• A: Admin, Abbreviation, Acronym, Assumptions.
• B: Books, Business rules.
• C: Class, Client, Conventions.
• D: Data requirement, Dependencies.
• K: Key. L: Library, Librarian.
• N : Non-functional Requirement.
• O: Operating environment;
• P: Performance, Perspective, Purpose;
• R: Requirement, Requirement attributes;
• S: Safety, Scope, Security, System features;
• U: User, User class and characteristics, User requirement;

The following are the list of conventions and acronyms used in this document and the project as well:

• Administrator: A login id representing a user with user administration privileges to the software.
• User: A general login id assigned to most users.
• Client: Intended users for the software.
• User Interface Layer: The section of the assignment referring to what the user interacts with directly.
• Interface: Something used to communicate across different mediums.

At this stage, the fundamental development of the product starts. For this, developers use a specific programming code as per the design. Hence, it is important for the coders to follow the protocols set by the association. Conventional programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers, etc. are also put into use at this stage.

Coding of Library Management System

In Our project as we will be using php and mysql so we will install all required software’s:

Implementing Library Mangement System | Environment Creation :

Required Softwares:

• Xampp software ( for php and mysql )
• VS Code ( you can use any other suitable editor as well )
• Install Bootstrap or download bootstrap extension on vscode.

After we downloaded the above required software now we will start creating our project . In the following article We will discuss about different different modules compiled with same category.

We will discuss it stepwise :

Implementing Library Mangement System | Database Creation :

Go to your favourite browser and write localhost/dashboard >> phpmyadmin

Now you can create your own database by using New button.

Create a database named LMS and inside it create separate databases like:

Database Used in this project:

Below is the SQL code to create those tables in the database, You can modify the code to create your own database for the project.

After creating the database we can now start building the frontend of our project.

Implementing Library Mangement System | Frontend and Backend Development :

Now we are going to develop our frontend and backend part of the project in different modules.

Step 1: Creation of Login page Module:

This is how Our Landing page will look like:

Functionalities of this page:

• You Can show some important details on the landing page.
• Existing Users will be able to login through user login page.
• Admins can also login using admin login form.
• Users will be able to signup using above signup button.
• These will be our main functionalities of login page.

Below is the Code for creating above page:

admin_login.php

Register.php.

If you are a new user you can signup and then use login for user dashboard.

Step 2: Creation of User Dashboard Module:

This is how user dashboard will look like:

• Page will show the username and email id .
• User can view Issued books and its count.
• User can view and edit its profile as well.
• Users can change his password also.
• These will be one button for logging out from this page.

user_dashboard.php

View_profile.php, view_issued_book.php, update_password.php, edit_profile.php, change_password.php, step 3: creation of admin dashboard module:.

This is how our admin dashboard will look like:

• Page will show the username and email id of admin.
• Admin can view and edit his profile.
• Registered Users
• Details of available books.
• Details of all book’s categories.
• Details of authors.
• Issued books details.
• Admin can add or manage existing books.
• Admin can add or manage categories of books.
• Admin can add or manage the authors.
• One Important feature is Admin can Issue Book to any user.

admin_dashboard.php

Edit_profile, change_password, functions.php, regusers.php, registered_user.php, step 4: creation of add/manage book module :.

This is how Add/Manage Books will look like:

Add book page

Manage Book Page

Books Database

• Admin can add a new book using its details.
• Admin can edit the details of existing books.
• All changes will be reflected on our SQL database.

Below is the code for modules mentioned above:

add_book.php

Manage_book.php, edit_book.php, registered_book.php, regbooks.php, delete_book.php, step 5: creation of add/manage book category module :.

This is how Add/Manage Book Category will look like:

• Admin can add a new book category using its details.
• Admin can edit the existing book category.

Similarly we can add and manage the author details as well.

Below is the code for above mentioned details:

delete_cat.php

Edit_cat.php, manage_cat.php, step 6: creation of issue book module :.

This is how Issue Book Page will look like:

• Admin can use this feature to Issue any book from library to the user.
• Database will store the student id and book details for security.

Below is the code for the above mentioned page:

issue_book.php

These are the basic modules we require to make our LMS Project , you can add some more exiting features using your own new idea as well.

Coding phase is the most important and time consuming phase after this phase we will be having a source code for our project and it will be through for testing phase.

Testing is a crucial phase in the development of a library management system (LMS) to ensure that it meets its intended requirements, functions correctly, and is free of bugs. Below are some key steps and considerations for the testing phase of a library management system:

• Test individual modules or components of the system in isolation to ensure they function as intended.
• Identify and fix any bugs or issues found at the module level.
• Verify that different modules and components of the LMS work together seamlessly.
• Test data flow and interactions between various parts of the system.
• Validate that the LMS performs its intended functions accurately and efficiently.
• Test basic functionalities such as adding, updating, and deleting books, managing user accounts, and generating reports.
• Ensure that the user interface is user-friendly, intuitive, and visually appealing.
• Check for consistency in design elements and responsiveness across different devices.
• Assess the system’s performance under normal and peak load conditions.
• Check response times, scalability, and overall system stability.
• Identify and rectify any security vulnerabilities in the system.
• Ensure that user data is handled securely, and unauthorized access is prevented.
• Evaluate the LMS from an end-user perspective to ensure ease of use.
• Gather feedback on user interfaces, navigation, and overall user experience.
• Test the LMS on various browsers, operating systems, and devices to ensure cross-platform compatibility.
• Conduct tests to ensure that new changes or fixes do not negatively impact existing functionalities.
• Re-run previously executed test cases to verify the overall system stability.
• Conduct tests in the production environment to ensure a smooth transition from the testing phase to live operation.

In this phase of software development, Team will have to present their work in front of authorities and they will judge your work and give suggestions on the improvement areas.

The ideal length of the ppt should be min 10 slides and maximum 15 slides , you will not have too much time to explain your project so prepare your presentation carefully using important key points.

Project Presentation Phase of Library Management System

Some of the key points (slides) which your presentation should have are given below:

• Project Name and Team Details
• Introduction
• Project Scope
• Problem Statement
• Proposed Solution
• Product Functionalities
• Flow chart of the project
• Analysis of model

Let’s create a sample PowerPoint presentation for Library Managment System Project:

You can also write a research paper on the basis of your work . The Research paper will explore the significance of implementing an Integrated Library Management System (LMS) to enhance the efficiency, accessibility, and overall functionality of libraries.

Research Paper Development of Library Management System

Key points for this paper includes:

• Related Work
• Methodologies Used
• Result and Discussion
• Acknowledgement
• Integration with RFID or barcoding for efficient book tracking.
• Notification system for overdue books and fines.
• Online reservation of books.
• Integration with external databases for expanded book catalogue.

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2021 Library Systems Report

Advancing library technologies in challenging times.

By Marshall Breeding | May 3, 2021

In a year complicated by a global pandemic, the community of vendors providing technologies to libraries made important strides to meet pressing needs and make ongoing progress in their longer-term initiatives. Though the pandemic disrupted library services—as well as funding—in 2020, concerted efforts were made to fulfill the demands of users to the extent possible. Almost all vendors made sharp turns to expand access to digital collections and services in order to compensate for diminished access to physical materials.

Only a few minor acquisitions took place in this deeply consolidated industry last year. Unlike in 2019, none of these transactions altered the overall balance of power among competitors. Vendors made extraordinary efforts to help customer libraries cope with changed services while they continued product development agendas looking beyond current circumstances.

Responses to the crisis

Library vendors readily provided support during the pandemic, especially through rapid development or implementation of functionality that supported newly instituted workflows, such as online selection and checkout of materials and touchless curbside pickup. Abrupt building closures prompted a need to update policy calendars controlling due dates and notices, along with other operational changes. Almost all vendors described delivering system interventions or functional enhancements to assist their customers during this challenging period. Many of these changes will have enduring value. For some libraries, the crisis accelerated transitions to increased digital operations already under way.

In addition to changes in system policies and operations, some vendors mentioned other specific—and unprecedented—measures offered in support of their clients during the pandemic. Biblionix not only implemented 16 features designed to help libraries adapt to changes in lending and workflow but also offered financial relief to its clients. Since many experienced reduced lending during the pandemic, Biblionix lowered the fees for Apollo ILS according to use levels, an unusual practice in the library technology industry. Innovative Interfaces made its Circa Sierra mobile app free to libraries for a year to assist with curbside services. Ex Libris launched the “Best Practices for the Ex Libris Community during COVID- 19” initiative to provide guidance on building closures and reopenings. Soutron Global developed a Pandemic Recovery Program, providing customers with an extended support package, and donated 10% of its revenue to a financial assistance fund designated for Soutron clients. OCLC supported libraries implementing curbside pickup services through specialized workflows provided through its CapiraCurbside mobile app.

Solidifying a consolidated industry

Business acquisitions spanning multiple decades have consolidated the library technology industry into one dominated by a handful of large companies. Organizations such as EBSCO Information Services, Follett, OCLC, and ProQuest have assembled diverse portfolios of products, some of which complement other content offerings and services not covered in this report. These organizations are massive: EBSCO Information Services employs 2,852 globally. Across its businesses, ProQuest has a workforce of 2,740—including 1,461 employed at the parent company and the rest via subsidiaries including Bowker, Ex Libris, and Innovative. Follett, with $3 billion in revenue in 2020, employs 1,758 (including its subsidiaries). OCLC reports 1,238 total personnel. The remaining organizations that participated in this report employ a combined total of 1,316 people, reflecting the economic clout of the top tier.

Events of the last year furthered the industry’s consolidation. The acquisition of Innovative Interfaces by ProQuest at the beginning of 2020 triggered a review by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the key US governmental regulator that challenges anticompetitive mergers and acquisitions. The FTC initiated its review in February and concluded it in November without imposing any restrictions.

While under active review, ProQuest agreed to operate Innovative as an independent company and separate its business and product activities. Going forward, ProQuest will operate Innovative as an individual business unit, parallel to Ex Libris. Each company will develop and support its own products, though they are no longer restricted from exploring synergies.

The FTC not imposing divestments suggests that company mergers within the industry have so far not crossed legal anticompetitive thresholds. Though product and vendor choices are narrow, libraries continue to have alternatives when procuring major technology systems. Even in the academic and school sectors mostly dominated by large companies, smaller and niche players—as well as open source alternatives—represent viable competition. The outcome of ProQuest’s FTC review validates the reality of a consolidated industry and may signal tolerance of other bold moves.

Although industry giants get much attention, small and midsized companies play a vital role in the industry, providing competition and well-appreciated products and services. Smaller companies can offer specialized products and boutique services not addressed by the big names. Their nimble processes also have the potential to drive innovation.

But this tier of smaller organizations faces the harsh reality of limited resources and development capacity. Almost all the small and midsized companies in the industry have experienced static or reduced numbers of employees over the last decade:

• The Library Corporation: 199 in 2010, 116 in 2020
• SirsiDynix: 385 in 2010, 387 in 2020
• Book Systems: 60 in 2010, 62 in 2020
• Keystone Systems: 17 in 2010, 16 in 2020
• Equinox: 22 in 2010, 20 in 2020
• Auto-Graphics: 32 in 2010, 28 in 2020
• Infor: 71 in 2010, 35 in 2020

Only ByWater Solutions, with 15 employees in 2010 and 30 in 2020, has shown substantial personnel growth.

New Mergers and Acquisitions

Following a wave of transformational business transitions the previous year, 2020 was relatively calm. A phase of transition usually follows major acquisitions, as the organizations involved integrate and strategize. ProQuest and Volaris Group continued their respective business integration strategies after major acquisitions of Innovative (by ProQuest) and Bibliocommons (by Volaris Group). In both cases, the acquired companies will operate independently but within the business infrastructure of their new owners.

Last year EBSCO Information Services acquired Zepheira, a consulting firm known for its work related to linked data technologies. Its work includes the conceptualization of BIBFRAME for the representation of bibliographic data as linked data, and the Library.Link service to improve the discoverability of library holdings on the web.

In the mobile technology sector, SOLUS acquired Boopsie—an early entrant in the library mobile space whose products quickly became dated in the fast-moving industry. SOLUS has become the leading provider of mobile technologies for libraries, providing customized apps as well as building branded apps for companies, including SirsiDynix and Innovative.

OCLC strengthened its position for public library technologies with its acquisition of Capira Technologies, announced in July 2020. Capira brings to OCLC important mobile capabilities. Its curbside pickup workflows were especially useful during the pandemic.

Axiell continued to expand by acquiring Musoft, which offers products for museums and cultural organizations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It also acquired New York-based CultureConnect, gaining new technologies to manage and showcase digital collections in museums, archives, and libraries. Axiell also acquired Ebban, a digital reading service used in 150 schools in Finland.

Academic and research libraries

Libraries serving higher education institutions require specialized products responsive to the dynamics of collection profiles and the evolving nature of their services. These libraries offer collections comprising mostly electronic resources, though they still acquire print materials as needed. Most have extensive print inventories, often stored offsite, as well as valuable special collections. Ever-increasing costs of scholarly journals exert tremendous pressure on collection budgets, leading to steeply curtailed acquisitions of monographs, which in turn amplifies interest in resource-sharing partnerships and supporting technologies. The trend in scholarly publishing toward open access adds a new layer of complexity to electronic resource management. New broad-based transformational agreements between publishers and libraries—or their educational institutions and parent organizations—add further complications, with some libraries being forced to track article-processing charges and content beyond the organization’s subscriptions, for example. These issues need to be addressed by the tools libraries use for acquisitions, access, and analytics.

University libraries, following the decline of print and electronic course reserves, have shifted to supporting teaching in other ways—for instance, using applications that integrate with the institution’s learning management system to provide access to course and supplemental reading materials.

Libraries supporting universities involved with primary research see new opportunities in lending their expertise with institutional repositories, metadata, and the management of digital information. Research information management systems have traditionally been acquired through institutions’ research offices, from vendors such as Elsevier. Libraries can strengthen their strategic involvement in research by acquiring new products (like Esploro) independent of research offices and partnerships with other institutional stakeholders.

Multiple vendors strive to provide products that support the complex dynamics playing out in academic libraries. In recent years, academic libraries have seismically shifted away from integrated library systems (ILSes) oriented to print collections, adopting instead library services platforms (LSPs) designed to manage all collection formats. Installations of ILS products like Aleph and Voyager, geared toward academic libraries, are falling rapidly. Vendors offering ILS products adopted by multiple types of libraries are seeing defections among colleges and universities. We can anticipate further drift of implementations of ILS products such as Symphony and Sierra, that have traditionally served all types of libraries, among academic libraries. In 2020, 559 out of 2,423 Symphony implementations were in academic libraries.

Discovery services play a diminished role in the academic library market. Bundled solutions avoid some of the complications of separate implementation and integration and are promoted by their respective vendors. Relatively small numbers of researchers and students consider the library-provided discovery service as their starting point, preferring Google Scholar, services provided through scholarly publishers (such as Scopus), or disciplinary services (such as PubMed). Though their popularity is dwindling, discovery products, which contain discovery services and discovery interfaces, are still essential for academic libraries. Vendors must strive to strengthen their capabilities, improve user interfaces, and increase their strategic importance.

Vendors routinely bundle a discovery product with deals for LSPs. Few academic libraries enter separate procurement projects for discovery services as was often the case a decade ago. It’s more typical now for a library to accept the discovery product bundled with its LSP, such as Primo with Alma or WorldCat Discovery Service with WorldShare Management Services, or to take advantage of a partnership between its ILS vendor and one of the discovery service providers, usually EBSCO Information Services.

As one of the largest businesses offering products and services to libraries, ProQuest has become increasingly involved in the technology sector through acquisitions and product development, while maintaining its foundation in content, databases, and metadata. Its 2004 acquisition of Serials Solutions led to products such as the 360 Suite for electronic resource management and the Summon index-based discovery service. Its acquisitions of Ex Libris in 2015 and Innovative Interfaces in 2020 dramatically expanded its presence in the library technology sector.

Ex Libris is the leading provider of strategic technology products for academic and research libraries. Its focus on technologies for this sector, as well as generous allocation of resources for product design and development, has driven steady growth through multiple product cycles—beginning with the ILS through its current portfolio of diverse products. Ex Libris reported a total workforce of 973 in 2020, down slightly from the previous year but almost twice as big as a decade ago.

Ex Libris’s Alma LSP continues its surge with another year of strong sales. Its 114 new contracts have expanded installations to 2,037, almost double the 1,095 in place only three years ago. Alma is now used by libraries in 41 countries. This impressive number of sales can be attributed to libraries with large collections that serve many sites or institutions.

In addition to Alma as its strategic LSP, Ex Libris continues to support its legacy ILS products. Few Aleph sales were reported, usually to new sites joining existing installations. Aleph installations peaked in 2015 and have since declined as these libraries move to Alma and other products. There were no new sales for Voyager in 2020, with 188 installations remaining. Voyager peaked in 2011 with 1,255 installations. Yet with important institutions, such as the Library of Congress, continuing to use its legacy products, Ex Libris remains motivated to continue support.

Ex Libris continues an ambitious development agenda to enhance Alma. Recent improvements include a transition to Oracle Analytics Server from Oracle Business Intelligence for its underlying analytics engine and a new metadata-editing interface. Consistent with the modern software-as-a-service (SaaS) model, Ex Libris delivers incremental updates to Alma monthly rather than deploying major release packages.

Additionally, a new framework that enables library and third-party developers to create Cloud Apps, applications that run natively in the Ex Libris Cloud, was released in 2020. This approach differs from the creation of separate apps that interoperate with Alma via APIs. Cloud Apps provide new functions that can appear as menu items within the Alma interface.

Alma also serves as a foundation for other academic and research products of interest. Leganto, which integrates with an institution’s learning management system to manage course reading lists, saw 69 new sales and is now installed in 230 libraries. The Esploro platform for institutional research support was selected by six new organizations and is now used at 27 total institutions. Leganto has been available since 2016; Esploro was released in 2019. Ex Libris launched Pivot-RP, a new product that combines content from research-funding opportunity resources Pivot and Research Professional, in January 2021.

Ex Libris has also expanded its involvement with resource sharing. The RapidILL service it acquired in 2019 gained 104 customers, expanding its use to 430 libraries. Ex Libris has integrated the RapidILL service into the Alma interface for libraries subscribing to both products. RapidILL also fully supports libraries that use other systems.

The Rapido product for managing resource sharing workflows in Alma, introduced in 2020, saw 66 sales in its first year of availability.

Ex Libris also continues to improve its resource discovery. Primo and Summon were developed independently with separate indexes. To improve efficiency, the company recently undertook the task of creating a single index, while maintaining Primo and Summon as distinct products. The Central Discovery Index (CDI) of more than 4.5 billion records now powers both products. More than 2,100 library systems using Primo transitioned to the CDI last year.

Ex Libris continues to develop and support Primo as an independent discovery service that can be used with Alma or any other major resource management system. Many libraries that originally implemented Primo with other ILS products have subsequently migrated to Alma. Ex Libris also offers PrimoVE, a discovery service that is more tightly integrated with Alma and managed through its back-office console. Last year more than 208 library systems implemented Primo and PrimoVE, increasing total installations to 2,735; Summon saw 38 sales and now has 808 total installations, a slight decrease from last year.

Innovative Interfaces began 2020—the first year in which it operated under the ownership of ProQuest and new executive leadership—with fresh strategies for product development, partnerships with customer libraries, and revived sales. For most of 2020, Innovative was required to operate in complete isolation from ProQuest. This restriction was lifted once the FTC review was concluded, but the company continues to operate as an independent business despite ownership by ProQuest. Innovative reported 254 employees, down from about 350 prior to the acquisition. Though painful, staff reductions are common during acquisitions, especially in administrative areas subsumed by the parent company.

Innovative states full commitment to serving all types of libraries currently represented within its customer base, particularly public libraries served by its ILS product Polaris. Academic libraries are another focus, as they make up a sizable portion of its Sierra implementations. Higher education institutions will remain a significant portion of Innovative’s customer base going forward, so the company must execute strategies to fulfill users’ expectations. An early example of this mandate is the company’s partnership with Ex Libris, which involves integrating the Summon discovery service with Sierra. Innovative had previously partnered with EBSCO for an integration between Encore and EBSCO Discovery Service, branded as Encore Duet. The partnership with EBSCO collapsed in 2019, prior to Innovative’s acquisition by ProQuest. The integration between Summon and Sierra will be an important element in the company’s strategy; Innovative reported that 30 of its academic libraries have started using Summon.

Prior private equity ownership devalued investments in development at Innovative. Under new ownership, Innovative has begun an ambitious development agenda. The first major initiative has produced a discovery environment based on a new technology platform. Branded as Vega, this brand-new service has a clean, intuitive user interface that pairs content from the library’s collection with external sources. Key features include automatically generated author and topic pages, resource recommendations, and groupings of similar items and formats.

Though early in its product cycle, Vega has attracted the attention of libraries that want to deliver a contemporary user experience and build patron engagement. New York Public Library, one of the largest systems using Sierra, is a development partner for Vega. Innovative reported that 19 libraries signed agreements in 2020 to implement Vega. Though the product initially focuses on discovery, the platform will be expanded to include additional services.

Overall, Innovative’s sales of Polaris and Sierra were consistent with recent years. The 16 new contracts for Polaris resulted in 430 total installations; 18 new Sierra contracts led to a total of 806 installations. On top of that, 22 libraries purchased the Innovative Mobile app. Innovative also reported 146 additional libraries participating in INN-Reach resource sharing networks.

EBSCO Information Services

EBSCO Information Services provides an array of library products and is part of EBSCO Industries, a family-owned diversified business. EBSCO has a well-established portfolio of database products and content services for processing print and electronic subscriptions. Products such as EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS), Full Text Finder, and other electronic resource management tools are used widely (though specific sales and implementation statistics are not available this year). In recent years EBSCO has expanded its involvement in technology through the acquisition of Stacks, a web-based content management product, and its leadership in the development of FOLIO.

EBSCO FOLIO Services was launched in 2020. EBSCO has been one of the key organizations involved in advancing the open source FOLIO LSP, backing the platform through large financial investments and resource development. (Company representatives serve on the board of the Open Library Foundation, which governs the project and holds its intellectual property.) Following a four-year development effort, including participation from a variety of organizations, the initial round of implementations has begun.

As with other open source library automation products, multiple companies will provide support and hosting services, though no license fees can be collected for the software itself. Multiple commercial arrangements have converged surrounding FOLIO. EBSCO will host instances of the software, branded as EBSCO FOLIO, for which libraries will contract directly with EBSCO for support. ByWater Solutions will provide support services for instances of FOLIO that are hosted by EBSCO but not supported by the company. Other companies, such as Index Data, will provide their own hosting services. Some libraries may opt to manage their own instances of FOLIO.

Some of EBSCO’s early customers for its FOLIO hosting and support include Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden, the Five College Consortium in Massachusetts, Michigan State University, Missouri State University, National Central Library of Florence in Italy, and University of Alabama. Some libraries have opted to initially implement the electronic resource management components of FOLIO in advance of full migrations from legacy systems.

FOLIO does not include a patron-facing catalog or discovery interface, though many libraries implementing FOLIO on their own are expected to use EDS. EBSCO continues to advance EDS, and the deployment of a new version is under way. This version offers a revamped user interface with options for a more personalized experience. Other improvements include an EDS Knowledge Graph to improve relevance of search results and a Concept Map that offers a visual representation of subjects and concepts, enabling users to explore results in a new way. Through a partnership with Google CASA (Campus Activated Subscriber Access), researchers using Google Scholar can view the full text of subscription-based resources transparently via EBSCOhost. Implementation of the Universal CASA framework enables a similar experience for those starting with other search engines and tools such as PubMed.

OCLC’s contributions to libraries cannot be measured solely by the sales performance of its products and services. A nonprofit with a mission to benefit libraries, many of the company’s resources are channeled outside this commercial sector and into other activities that promote and support libraries. Examples include the educational programming of WebJunction, the documents and analysis developed by OCLC Research, and initiatives such as the REALM project.

OCLC navigates a complex path as a nonprofit that competes commercially in some product sectors. Its impact is illustrated by comparing its workforce of 1,238 and revenue of about $215 million in 2020 with for-profit Follett’s 1,758 employees and revenue of about $3 billion. These statistics suggest that OCLC directs a much larger portion of its efforts to programs than to revenue-generating services. In 2020, for example, OCLC received a $2.4 million grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation for “shared entity management infrastructure.”

The technology products and services mentioned in this report represent only a portion of OCLC’s diverse offerings, such as resource-sharing products and strategic technology for academic and public libraries.

OCLC’s WorldShare Management Services (WMS) continues to make gains in academic libraries. This LSP leverages the massive WorldCat bibliographic database to provide streamlined workflows by eliminating the duplicate efforts that may be involved with other systems—for example, the synchronization of local collection holdings.

In recent years WMS made considerable gains, including its ability to serve larger academic libraries and consortia. The 44 new sites that signed in 2020 increase the total number of libraries using WMS to 632. WMS recently received FedRAMP approval, making it eligible as a hosted service for US government libraries.

On the development front, OCLC is revamping its products, phasing in an API-based cloud infrastructure. This approach gives priority to the creation and exposure of APIs to enable new opportunities for the consumption of its services through its own applications and those of external partners. In this vein, OCLC released a WorldCat Search API, and a new WorldCat Discovery API is forthcoming.

TIND provides support services for Invenio open source software, originally developed for the library at the CERN research facility in Switzerland. TIND was founded in 2013 and has brought different products to market: TIND ILS for general library management, TIND IR for institutional repositories, TIND RDM for research data management, and TIND DA for digital archives. The TIND ILS was selected by two new libraries last year, increasing installations to 17. Two sales of TIND IR increased installations to 26, and four sales of TIND DA increased installations to 19.

Public libraries

ILS capabilities have long met the operational needs of public libraries, although enhancements continue. Libraries are increasingly looking beyond the transactional support delivered through traditional ILS models and seeking technologies that enable more direct engagement with their communities. Patron-facing interfaces must be continually improved to meet the rapidly evolving expectations set by consumer destinations and social networks, both in presentational style and personalization. Public libraries have borrowed some concepts from the business marketing sector, but with greater concerns for privacy. These capabilities include automated solutions that can support marketing campaigns using targeted multichannel messaging, integrated tools for managing and promoting programs or events, and other technologies to strengthen connections between libraries and their communities.

These services are now offered to libraries through fully integrated platforms like community engagement tool OCLC Wise and patron services like the BiblioCommons Product Suite, as well as optional add-ins such as the new Community Engagement Platform from SirsiDynix and the forthcoming Vega from Innovative. Specialized products that can be integrated into a library’s existing environment are also available, such as Patron Point’s marketing automation portal.

One of the pervasive trends in software development in this sector involves the transition from Windows-based ILS clients to fully web-based interfaces. This process has proven to be challenging, as developers strive to close the gap between functionality and ergonomics. Several vendors have met the expectations of libraries looking to replace Windows-based software clients with web interfaces. This trend can be seen in Innovative creating its LEAP client for Polaris; SirsiDynix’s development of its BLUEcloud Suite and SymphonyWeb interfaces; and The Library Corporation (TLC) completing its LS2 web-based client for Library•Solution and improving CARL•Connect for its CARL•X ILS. This transition to web interfaces not only represents a change in technology but in most cases also enables new workflow concepts and modernization.

The public library technology industry differs substantially from the academic library business environment. No single vendor dominates and there is a more diverse mix of products, including strong open source alternatives. The vendors listed below report public libraries as the largest share of their customer bases but also cater to other types of libraries.

SirsiDynix ranks as the largest of the standalone technology companies that have not been acquired by one of the industry giants. Although it has its own history of mergers and acquisitions, it has maintained its current form since 2013; ICV Partners has held primary ownership of SirsiDynix since December 2014. The company reported 387 employees, unchanged since 2019 and about the same as when it acquired EOS.Web in 2013.

SirsiDynix had a strong sales year for Symphony, with 95 new contracts. The total number of installations stands at 2,423—a figure that has diminished slightly since 2016. New sales, mostly to public libraries, outpace academic libraries that are moving to specialized products. Horizon saw seven sales, mostly to new libraries associated with existing implementations. Installations of Horizon continue to decrease from the apex of 1,612 in 2007 to the 813 reported for 2020.

Most Symphony and Horizon sales include multiple free BLUEcloud modules, but many libraries already using Symphony have purchased BLUEcloud products for brand-new capabilities. Libraries using either SirsiDynix ILS can operate native clients and BLUEcloud modules simultaneously, easing the transition toward fully web-based interfaces. BLUEcloud MobileCirc was redesigned and renamed BLUEcloud Staff.

June 2020 saw the release of the Community Engagement Platform, which provides marketing automation capabilities integrated with SirsiDynix ILS products. This application manages event scheduling and room bookings, supports marketing initiatives via targeted email campaigns, and provides analytics to measure customer engagement efforts.

SirsiDynix also launched Cloud Source Open Access (CSOA), an interface for large collections of open access content not dependent on library subscriptions. It was designed to appeal to both public and academic libraries and can be implemented by those not using other SirsiDynix products. More than 20 library systems participated in a pilot of CSOA, which is expected to be released in 2021.

EOS.Web adds an element of diversity to the SirsiDynix customer base, bringing in 789 special libraries and 110 smaller academic libraries as part of its total 911 installations.

The development of the BLUEcloud Suite of web-based applications continues. SirsiDynix proceeds to strengthen the functionality of each of its BLUEcloud modules, relative to the capabilities of the native clients of Symphony and Horizon.

SirsiDynix enhanced its BLUEcloud Mobile app with self-checkout and curbside delivery capabilities. While these features were previously planned, they became especially appreciated as libraries responded to the pandemic.

OCLC positions Wise as its strategic public library offering. In addition to standard ILS capabilities, OCLC Wise delivers features that strengthen engagement with patrons, including built-in targeted messaging for marketing automation, event organization, and integrated website management. OCLC began marketing Wise to public libraries in 2018.

OCLC Wise has seen moderate success following its introduction to US libraries. It made four new sales in 2020, and its global installations have increased to 420 libraries. Allen County (Ind.) Public Library was an early adopter and has fully implemented the product, and Chesapeake (Va.) Public Library, Greensboro (N.C.) Public Library, Gwinnett County (Ga.) Public Library, Kokomo–Howard County (Ind.) Public Library, and Orange County (Fla.) Library System signed contracts last year after making unofficial commitments in 2019.

The tech acquired from Capira Technologies also strengthens OCLC’s offerings to public libraries. It had expanded OCLC’s portfolio to include much-needed mobile apps, but the Capira Curbside app has been especially important during this year of pandemic-related disruptions.

BiblioCommons

BiblioCommons specializes in patron interfaces for libraries. Its products can be integrated with most of the major ILS products used by public libraries in the US and Canada. BiblioCore provides a comprehensive discovery service, replacing a library’s online catalog for search interactions. BiblioWeb replaces the entire website, enabling management of all content and components via a console that does not require technical expertise. BiblioEvents manages the scheduling, content, and promotion of library programs, and fully integrates with BiblioWeb.

In its first year following its 2020 acquisition by Volaris Group, BiblioCommons continued its established development strategies and expanded its customer base. The company also saw a change in leadership as Sebastien Lopes was named general manager, replacing Matt Goddard, who was appointed by Volaris Group to manage the initial transition. BiblioCore saw implementations in 11 public library systems and three consortia of public libraries.

A new BiblioEmail product was developed in 2020 to provide multichannel marketing automation for libraries, leveraging content components from BiblioCore, BiblioWeb, and BiblioEvents. Arapahoe (Colo.) Libraries and Chicago Public Library participated as development partners for this product, which is anticipated for general availability in 2021.

Under continuous ownership and management by its founder since 1974, TLC continues to provide technology products and services primarily to public and school libraries. The company employs 116 people, similar to the number reported in 2019 but many fewer than the 199 employees reported in 2010. In the midsized public library sector, TLC faces challenges in losing libraries to consortial open source projects. In addition to its two ILSes, TLC also offers bibliographic data services, including eBiblioFile, ITS•MARC, and RDAExpress, as well as a wide assortment of items for library makerspaces and other supplies via its TLC•SmartTECH marketplace, which includes an online store, training, and support.

Library•Solution saw seven new sales, totaling 682 installations—fewer than the peak 773 reported in 2011. Libraries choosing Library•Solution this year migrated from Polaris, Sierra, Symphony, and Virtua. Major technology initiatives include a push to migrate customers to its new TLC•Cloud Services hosting model, consistent with industry trends to offer alternatives to onsite management of systems. This industrial-strength hosting environment is based on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and is available to clients using either CARL•X or Library•Solution. This environment offers rigorous security and data protection, including the encryption of stored library data.

TLC reports that 49 libraries migrated from the Windows-based Library•Solution client to the fully web-based LS2 staff interface. In partnership with its Tech Logic business, TLC developed new RFID inventory capabilities for Library•Solution.

CARL•X, used by large public libraries, saw ongoing improvements, especially in its web-based CARL•Connect discovery and staff interfaces. TLC signed one contract for CARL•X and reports a total of 16 installations. Since all the installations are consortia or large public library systems, CARL•X represents an important business activity for TLC.

Auto-Graphics

One of a few publicly traded companies in the industry, Auto-Graphics was founded in 1950 and continues to be led by the family of its founder. This midsized company specializes in SaaS technologies for US public libraries. Auto-Graphics reported 28 employees, the same as in 2019. The company has gradually reduced in size from the 45 staffers employed in 2002.

Auto-Graphics offers the VERSO ILS used mostly by small to midsized public libraries. SHAREit provides large-scale resource sharing and has been implemented by multiple statewide interlibrary loan initiatives. Auto-Graphics reported only one sale of VERSO, which now has an installed base of 538 libraries. One new sale of SHAREit adds interlibrary loan services to 750 libraries. A total of 6,200 libraries currently participate in resource sharing services based on SHAREit.

The company reported its development of streamlined workflows across its product line to help libraries adjust to challenges brought on by the pandemic.

Based in Austin, Texas, Biblionix develops and supports the Apollo ILS designed for small and midsized public libraries. Apollo is web-based, including all staff functions and the patron catalog.

The 49 sales of Apollo increase its total installations to 830. Libraries implementing Apollo last year migrated from larger systems such as Horizon, Library•Solution, Millennium, Polaris, Symphony, and VERSO—or from products designed for school libraries, such as Destiny or Alexandria. Many of these new Apollo installations represent first-time automation.

This year Biblionix introduced a new dashboard as the staff interface for Apollo, delivering a more modern and efficient look. The dashboard is available to all clients using Apollo at no additional cost and can be optionally deployed when the library is ready to upgrade.

InfoVision develops and supports the Evolve ILS, which is used mostly by public libraries. It also offers products supporting other areas of local government. InfoVision made three new contracts for Evolve in 2020, covering 15 individual libraries, expanding its total installations to 160. More than 80% of Evolve installations are in public libraries. Development initiatives include an application for managing and marketing library programs or events.

Library vendors readily provided support during the pandemic, especially through rapid development or implementation of functionality that supported newly instituted workflows.

The international sector

A global company based in Sweden, Axiell provides technology products to libraries, archives, museums, and other cultural organizations. Its library products have been implemented mostly in Scandinavia, the UK, and western Europe. Axiell has steadily expanded its workforce to 368 employees from the 223 reported in 2010.

Last year the Library of Congress acquired a suite of Axiell products for discovery and management of its collections of motion pictures, television, radio, and recorded sound.

Axiell continues to make progress with the advancement of Quria, its new platform for public libraries. Though early in its sales cycle, Quria has been implemented in Germany, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. AxiellDemo also announced a partnership with Demco to market and support Quria in the US.

A midsized firm based in Madrid, Baratz develops and supports AbsysNet library management products for public and special libraries. Most of its clients are in Spain, though it also serves libraries in neighboring European countries in Europe as well as in Latin America. In 2020 Baratz reported 61 total employees, and the 27 new sales of AbsysNet resulted in 2,998 total installations.

Development efforts included improvements to the current version of AbsysNet to provide features needed for new workflows in response to the pandemic, such as managing the quarantine of items, bulk extensions of due dates for borrowed items, and other needs resulting from temporary library closures. Baratz continues development on a new version of AbsysNet, which will include a catalog interface that operates with both the current version and its next generation. Recent sales of AbsysNet include public libraries in the Community of Madrid network, and Basque government libraries joining the network of Basque Country public libraries.

Infor Library and Information Solutions operates as a division within Infor, a multinational provider of enterprise resource management and technology solutions spanning many business sectors. Infor’s library business is concentrated in Europe, especially Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. In North America, Infor has a small presence in Canada and in a couple of sites in the US. The company’s V-smart and Vubis Smart products are used mostly in public libraries.

Infor signed 12 new contracts for V-smart in 2020, increasing total installations to 414, including new sites in Belgium, Canada, France, Greece, and the UK. Development initiatives included working toward a single interface style across all products, beginning with the V-insight analytics portal; support of single sign-on for V-smart; and a new version of the Iguana Library mobile app. Infor has begun development of a One Resource Management, which adds new capabilities for managing electronic and digital resources to V-smart.

Open Source

Open source automation continues to see steady adoption by libraries of all types, and proprietary products dominate in all sectors. Koha, especially when supported by ByWater Solutions, continues to attract libraries of all types. Evergreen implementations are expanding as additional libraries migrate from other ILS products to join consortia.

Open source offers an attractive business model for vendors. Software development investments are shared across a global community. Both Koha and Evergreen follow a model of sponsored development where any group of library stakeholders can financially support specific enhancements, which are folded into the software to benefit all its users. This community-development model allows service providers to focus their resources on customer support and other areas without the need to carry full development costs that would apply to proprietary products. The open source vendor community includes nonprofit organizations such as Equinox Open Library Initiative and for-profits including ByWater Solutions, EBSCO Information Services, Index Data, and PTFS Europe.

ByWater Solutions

Specializing in services related to open source library software, ByWater Solutions continues to increase its customer base and expand into new products. Since its founding in 2009, the company has grown its workforce consistently to the 30 employees reported last year.

In 2020 ByWater Solutions signed 44 new support contracts for Koha, including 12 academic libraries and 17 public libraries with 35 branches, increasing its customer base to 1,340 libraries. The company participates in the global development community for Koha, contributing its work to the primary Koha codebase.

ByWater Solutions gained responsibility in 2019 for Aspen Discovery, a highly customized, open source discovery interface based on VuFind. Aspen Discovery is used in consortia and multibranch public library systems and often is used as the patron interface for proprietary ILS products, such as Carl•X in Nashville (Tenn.) Public Library. The 14 new support contracts made in 2020 represent 253 branches. ByWater Solutions also performs most of the development for Aspen Discovery.

In partnership with EBSCO Information Services, ByWater Solutions provides support services for FOLIO. In 2020 it signed two new contracts for FOLIO support, increasing its total to four; all are midsized academic libraries.

Equinox Open Library Initiative

Operating as a nonprofit organization since 2017, the Equinox Open Library Initiative provides development and support services for several open source library products, including the Evergreen ILS for public library consortia, the FulfILLment resource sharing environment, and Koha.

In 2020, the organization came under new leadership with the appointment of Lisa Carlucci as executive director. Its workforce increased by three positions for a total of 20 employees.

Equinox follows a sponsored development business model in which one or more stakeholders provides financial support for a new feature that is then contributed back to the community version for the benefit of all libraries using that product. Last year Equinox completed 17 development projects for Evergreen and FulfILLment.

The organization continues to expand the community for which it provides support services. Recent migration projects include multiple new members joining the Consortium of Ohio Libraries, Missouri Evergreen, and the Libraries in Niagara Cooperative in Ontario. Equinox also offers Koha support for libraries interested in a standalone system rather than one associated with a consortium.

Incremental growth of consortia using Evergreen brings many new libraries to open source library automation. In Missouri, for example, 32% of public libraries use Evergreen, more than any proprietary product. In Georgia, where the software was originally developed, almost 75% of public libraries use the product.

PTFS Europe

PTFS Europe provides support for open source software products to libraries in the UK. It also serves as the European distributor for the Knovation digital asset management system developed by PTFS, Inc., based in Rockville, Maryland. PTFS and its LibLime subsidiary develop and support Bibliovation, a proprietary ILS, and provide services for LibLime Koha and LibLime Academic Koha, software that differs from the open source Koha supported by PTFS Europe. PTFS Europe has become the largest provider of support services for open source library software for UK libraries. It supports Koha as developed by its global community rather than the versions offered by LibLime.

PTFS Europe also provides support services for open source technologies to libraries in . In 2020 it began new support agreements for Koha with 11 new libraries, increasing its total Koha clients to 129 and spanning all types of libraries: public (11), academic (57), special (60), and school (one). The company has also developed the Metabase analytics portal adopted by five new libraries in 2020 for a total of nine installations. PTFS Europe has entered a partnership with EBSCO Information Services to provide support for FOLIO. To date, no UK libraries have engaged PTFS Europe for this service.

Special Libraries

The technologies used by corporations, law firms, health care organizations, and other organizations have distinct requirements for their libraries and information centers. For most, the concept of a physical library has been succeeded by units that curate and provide access to relevant materials, increasingly in digital formats. The support these organizations require centers more on knowledge management than inventory control.

This sector of the library technology industry has seen enormous disruption, not only by the new approaches to managing information but also through consolidation of the organizations that house these services. The mergers of corporations, health care providers, and other organizations have drastically reduced the number of corporate libraries. Many of these consolidated organizations may have a single information center that provides services throughout their global presence. Such changes have driven the consolidation of many companies that offered products and services to special libraries. Many have converged into Lucidea, and EOS.Web is now part of SirsiDynix, for example. Contrary to this trend, Soutron Global was established as an independent company to provide an alternative to this consolidation. This category also includes vendors oriented to other specialized services, such as Keystone Systems and its products for libraries for the blind and visually disabled.

Lucidea, a consolidated business, works mostly with corporate, legal, medical, and other special libraries as well as museums and archives. Many of the companies that catered to special libraries now reside within Lucidea, including  Cuadra Associates, Eloquent, Inmagic, and SydneyPLUS, as well as several businesses specializing in technologies for law firms.

The company has 82 employees but does not report individual sales or installation statistics. Lucidea offers ILSes, content management systems, and knowledge management applications. Its publishing division, Lucidea Press, issued two new books written for professionals working in special libraries or other organizations involved with knowledge management or digital collections.

LucideaCore provides a common technical infrastructure for all its products. Recent enhancements and features include two-way alerts, improved request management workflows, annotation of images, and a new presentation theme for its user interfaces.

Soutron Global

Soutron Global, in partnership with Soutron Ltd., markets and supports the Soutron Library Management System, used mostly by libraries and information centers in corporate, legal, medical, governmental, and nonprofit organizations. The company employs 20 people and was founded in 2012 by Tony Saadat, who continues to lead the company as CEO.

Given the consolidation into Lucidea of many companies that have historically served special libraries, Soutron Global provides a competitive alternative. EOS.Web, now part of SirsiDynix, likewise represents another choice in this sector.

Twenty-one new sales of Soutron ILS expanded the total installations to 279, and three new sales of the Soutron Archive increased its installations to 36.

Soutron products increasingly make use of AI technologies. Its Summarizer tool automatically extracts metadata and creates summaries of PDFs, and enhancements to its Enquiry Management application provide more sophisticated capabilities for help desk services.

Keystone Systems, Inc.

Keystone Systems, Inc. develops technologies to support libraries that serve persons with visual disabilities, filling a niche not addressed by larger companies. Many implementations of its Keystone Library Automation System (KLAS) product are in specialized divisions of state libraries. The company is privately owned by its founders and has had 16 employees for the last decade with little variation. No new sales of KLAS were made this year, with installations remaining steady at 117. Most libraries served by KLAS take online requests and deliver materials to home addresses rather than provide in-person borrowing. Keystone Systems also develops equipment and software for these libraries to duplicate accessible materials, including the NLS Guttenberg and its own Keystone Scribe.

CyberTools for Libraries

CyberTools for Libraries creates products for libraries associated with smaller higher educational institutions, health organizations, law firms, and other special libraries. The company was established in 1986 and has offered specialized products for libraries since 1998. A major initiative last year involved the creation of a link-resolution tool to compensate for changes in the Library LinkOut service made by the National Library of Medicine. CyberTools also expanded its Link Resolver to integrate with the UpToDate decision support resource from Wolters Kluwer. It did not report specific personnel or sales statistics.

Softlink Information Centres

Softlink Information Centres, owned by Volaris Group since 2013, develops and supports the Liberty ILS used in Australia and other countries. In the US, it markets its Liberty ILS and illumin research management app to legal and corporate information centers. New developments for Liberty include an inventory management app for mobile devices, a visitor logging app to help organizations manage COVID-19 restrictions as they reopen, and a serials option that uses smarter workflows to increase efficiency.

Prima Informatics, based in Brazil, was acquired by Volaris Group in 2018. Its SophiA ILS is widely used by libraries in Brazil and by some libraries in Spain. Prima did not respond to this year’s vendor questionnaire.

School libraries

Over the years, vendors serving K–12 schools have become less focused on the libraries themselves, evolving into the broader realm of educational technologies for schools and districts. The ILS continues as an essential application for the library, though increasingly as an integrated component of the district’s business and technical infrastructure. This sector has seen an increased emphasis on interoperability frameworks. These technology providers not only manage inventory but also are conduits for the acquisition of digital and print classroom content, often including open educational resources (OERs).

Vendors involved in this sector face headwinds such as declining funding and the shifting focus of control from school libraries to district-wide IT or educational technology centers.

A narrow slate of vendors addresses the K–12 library sector, with Follett taking the dominant position. While holding a smaller portion of the market, companies such as COMPanion, TLC, LibraryWorld, and the open source OPALS product developed by Media Flex offer distinctive alternatives. SirsiDynix participates through the statewide INFOhio initiative; it provides library automation via multiple Symphony clusters, used across 37 districts.

Follett Corporation

Follett Corporation ranks as one of the largest companies offering services to libraries. Its Baker & Taylor division is a major supplier of books and digital content to public libraries. Another division operates online and onsite bookstores for colleges and universities. Follett School Solutions focuses on educational technology and content solutions, primarily for pre-K–12 schools.

Follett’s Destiny ILS is well established as the leading product used in school libraries. Destiny has been implemented in 75,200 schools, mostly in the US and American schools abroad. In 2020 alone, 3,225 sales were made.

The new Destiny Discovery app improves the experience for students accessing Follett’s digital content resources. Students can search and select print materials in their school library, and the app delivers important capabilities for remote students as well.

Follett enhanced the Destiny Discovery portal to enable school librarians to customize the content presented. New capabilities also include the implementation of the LTI (Learning Tools Interoperability) Thin Common Cartridge framework to integrate library-provided content into the institutional learning management system (see bit.ly/commoncartridge ).

Follett took a number of measures to help its customers respond to COVID- 19. When schools faced challenges to rapidly shift to remote or hybrid teaching, Follett created web pages to guide teachers and librarians to selected products or services. For existing customers, Follett provided free access to its Classroom Ready Collections, which include OERs such as lesson plans, worksheets, and videos.

COMPanion Corporation

COMPanion Corporation develops and supports the Alexandria ILS, used mostly in K–12 schools. Although it has a relatively small market share, it represents important competition and provides distinctive capabilities. In 2020 it was selected by 134 schools, increasing total installations to 10,378 (of which 248 are in small public libraries).

Last year COMPanion completed several major enhancements to Alexandria, including a fully responsive interface and compliance with national standards for accessibility. Libraries using Alexandria can now take advantage of streamlined cataloging workflows through integration with Mitinet’s BestMARC metadata management service. COMPanion also launched an Activities module providing advanced reporting and exporting of data. The implementation of the Global Grid for Learning framework enables integration with institutional student information systems and single sign-ons.

Book Systems

Book Systems is a midsized company that develops and supports the Atriuum ILS. The company has been owned and managed by its founders for 31 years and has 62 employees.

Atriuum has been implemented mostly by K–12 schools (3,357 out of 4,273 installations) and by small and midsized public libraries, small academic libraries, and church or other special libraries. In 2020 Atriuum was selected by 229 additional libraries, its most successful year since it was introduced in 2004.

Book Systems continues to enhance Atriuum with features and APIs. The company plans to focus on further expanding its presence in public libraries and entering new partnerships for better integration of its products.

Mandarin Library Automation

Mandarin Library Automation develops and supports automation products for K–12 schools and small libraries. The company is privately owned and employs 23 people. Its current product, Mandarin M5, is available both for local installation (used in 699 libraries) and as a hosted service (1,690 libraries). Mandarin M5 saw 95 installations in 2020, with almost all opting for the hosted version. Support continues for the previous product, Mandarin M3, with 1,475 installations remaining. New product developments for Mandarin M5 include improvements to circulation and cataloging modules as well as new custom reports.

LibraryWorld

LibraryWorld provides a fully web-based library service. The product has been implemented in K–12 school libraries (1,937 out of 3,011 installations), special libraries, small public libraries, and small academic libraries. The company made 37 new sales in 2020. Although well known for its use in smaller libraries, LibraryWorld has also been successful in more complex organizations with larger collections. Jefferson County (Ky.) Public Schools, which comprises 167 individual schools, is a major client.

Last year LibraryWorld completed the implementation of an installation that comprises 115 Veterans Health Administration hospitals, supporting the automation of each library and a catalog for shared cataloging and interlibrary loan. LibraryWorld emphasizes the value of its service, which on average costs $470 per year per library—one of the lowest such costs in the industry.

Media Flex’s open source OPALS ILS provides a fully web-based public catalog and staff interface. The software is released via an open source license; though the license allows others to modify and redistribute new versions, all development continues to be performed by Media Flex. The company partners with many of the BOCES (Boards of Cooperative Educational Services) organizations in New York for support and implementation services, supplementing its own services for libraries using the software. OPALS finds use among school libraries throughout the US and Canada as well as other small libraries, including those in churches, synagogues, and philanthropic nonprofit organizations.

Beyond the crisis

The COVID-19 pandemic brought considerable disruption to the library technology industry. Budget reductions in libraries naturally have an impact on their technology providers. So far, few libraries have cut back on their technology investments; some have even made new investments in digital content and related support technologies. The longer-term impact for the industry will naturally be tied to the recovery of budgets. We should anticipate slowdowns in product sales as a few libraries may need to defer planned procurements.

Further consolidation of the industry is all but inevitable within the next several years. Financial pressures could also have an impact on condensing the industry should reduced sales weaken companies or soften their valuations. Investors and large players seeking strategic acquisitions may see some library technology companies as interesting additions to their portfolios. None of these library technology companies are reporting financial difficulties, though few below the top tier have been able to achieve sustained growth.

Sales of ILSes and LSPs may also slow because of short-term budget scenarios and saturation, as the number of libraries already using newer products increases. Interest currently abounds for supplemental products that build on the core automation systems aligned with key library strategies. Current areas of interest include technologies for resource sharing, course list management and research support in the academic sector, and patron engagement technologies for public libraries. Developers and vendors may find new opportunities in creating technologies aligned with other activities as library strategies continue to evolve. Some of these technologies may be integrated with existing platforms or emerge as new product categories.

In broad terms, the library technology industry remains strong and multifaceted. Though the number of vendors has contracted, the field encompasses diverse options: nonprofit and for-profit businesses, proprietary and open source software products, ILSes and LSPs, multiple approaches to resource discovery, and a proliferation of new product categories.

About the report

The 2021 Library Systems Report documents ongoing investments of libraries in strategic technology products in 2020. It covers for-profit and nonprofit organizations that offer strategic resource management products—especially integrated library systems and library services platforms—and comprehensive discovery products.

The vendors included have responded to a survey requesting details about their organization, sales performance, and narrative explanations of accomplishments.

Additional sources consulted include press releases, news articles, and other publicly available information. Most of the organizations provided lists of libraries represented in the statistics reported, allowing for more detailed analysis and validation.

Additional vendor information and sales statistics can be found here .

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