unit 1 equations and inequalities homework 3 solving equations answer

5.2 Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution

Learning objectives.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Solve a system of equations by substitution
• Solve applications of systems of equations by substitution

Be Prepared 5.4

Before you get started, take this readiness quiz.

Simplify −5 ( 3 − x ) −5 ( 3 − x ) . If you missed this problem, review Example 1.136 .

Be Prepared 5.5

Simplify 4 − 2 ( n + 5 ) 4 − 2 ( n + 5 ) . If you missed this problem, review Example 1.123 .

Be Prepared 5.6

Solve for y y : 8 y − 8 = 32 − 2 y 8 y − 8 = 32 − 2 y If you missed this problem, review Example 2.34 .

Be Prepared 5.7

Solve for x x : 3 x − 9 y = −3 3 x − 9 y = −3 If you missed this problem, review Example 2.65 .

Solving systems of linear equations by graphing is a good way to visualize the types of solutions that may result. However, there are many cases where solving a system by graphing is inconvenient or imprecise. If the graphs extend beyond the small grid with x and y both between −10 and 10, graphing the lines may be cumbersome. And if the solutions to the system are not integers, it can be hard to read their values precisely from a graph.

In this section, we will solve systems of linear equations by the substitution method.

Solve a System of Equations by Substitution

We will use the same system we used first for graphing.

We will first solve one of the equations for either x or y . We can choose either equation and solve for either variable—but we’ll try to make a choice that will keep the work easy.

Then we substitute that expression into the other equation. The result is an equation with just one variable—and we know how to solve those!

After we find the value of one variable, we will substitute that value into one of the original equations and solve for the other variable. Finally, we check our solution and make sure it makes both equations true.

We’ll fill in all these steps now in Example 5.13 .

Example 5.13

How to solve a system of equations by substitution.

Solve the system by substitution. { 2 x + y = 7 x − 2 y = 6 { 2 x + y = 7 x − 2 y = 6

Try It 5.25

Solve the system by substitution. { −2 x + y = −11 x + 3 y = 9 { −2 x + y = −11 x + 3 y = 9

Try It 5.26

Solve the system by substitution. { x + 3 y = 10 4 x + y = 18 { x + 3 y = 10 4 x + y = 18

Solve a system of equations by substitution.

• Step 1. Solve one of the equations for either variable.
• Step 2. Substitute the expression from Step 1 into the other equation.
• Step 3. Solve the resulting equation.
• Step 4. Substitute the solution in Step 3 into one of the original equations to find the other variable.
• Step 5. Write the solution as an ordered pair.
• Step 6. Check that the ordered pair is a solution to both original equations.

If one of the equations in the system is given in slope–intercept form, Step 1 is already done! We’ll see this in Example 5.14 .

Example 5.14

Solve the system by substitution.

{ x + y = −1 y = x + 5 { x + y = −1 y = x + 5

The second equation is already solved for y . We will substitute the expression in place of y in the first equation.

Try It 5.27

Solve the system by substitution. { x + y = 6 y = 3 x − 2 { x + y = 6 y = 3 x − 2

Try It 5.28

Solve the system by substitution. { 2 x − y = 1 y = −3 x − 6 { 2 x − y = 1 y = −3 x − 6

If the equations are given in standard form, we’ll need to start by solving for one of the variables. In this next example, we’ll solve the first equation for y .

Example 5.15

Solve the system by substitution. { 3 x + y = 5 2 x + 4 y = −10 { 3 x + y = 5 2 x + 4 y = −10

We need to solve one equation for one variable. Then we will substitute that expression into the other equation.

Try It 5.29

Solve the system by substitution. { 4 x + y = 2 3 x + 2 y = −1 { 4 x + y = 2 3 x + 2 y = −1

Try It 5.30

Solve the system by substitution. { − x + y = 4 4 x − y = 2 { − x + y = 4 4 x − y = 2

In Example 5.15 it was easiest to solve for y in the first equation because it had a coefficient of 1. In Example 5.16 it will be easier to solve for x .

Example 5.16

Solve the system by substitution. { x − 2 y = −2 3 x + 2 y = 34 { x − 2 y = −2 3 x + 2 y = 34

We will solve the first equation for x x and then substitute the expression into the second equation.

Try It 5.31

Solve the system by substitution. { x − 5 y = 13 4 x − 3 y = 1 { x − 5 y = 13 4 x − 3 y = 1

Try It 5.32

Solve the system by substitution. { x − 6 y = −6 2 x − 4 y = 4 { x − 6 y = −6 2 x − 4 y = 4

When both equations are already solved for the same variable, it is easy to substitute!

Example 5.17

Solve the system by substitution. { y = −2 x + 5 y = 1 2 x { y = −2 x + 5 y = 1 2 x

Since both equations are solved for y , we can substitute one into the other.

Try It 5.33

Solve the system by substitution. { y = 3 x − 16 y = 1 3 x { y = 3 x − 16 y = 1 3 x

Try It 5.34

Solve the system by substitution. { y = − x + 10 y = 1 4 x { y = − x + 10 y = 1 4 x

Be very careful with the signs in the next example.

Example 5.18

Solve the system by substitution. { 4 x + 2 y = 4 6 x − y = 8 { 4 x + 2 y = 4 6 x − y = 8

We need to solve one equation for one variable. We will solve the first equation for y .

Try It 5.35

Solve the system by substitution. { x − 4 y = −4 −3 x + 4 y = 0 { x − 4 y = −4 −3 x + 4 y = 0

Try It 5.36

Solve the system by substitution. { 4 x − y = 0 2 x − 3 y = 5 { 4 x − y = 0 2 x − 3 y = 5

In Example 5.19 , it will take a little more work to solve one equation for x or y .

Example 5.19

Solve the system by substitution. { 4 x − 3 y = 6 15 y − 20 x = −30 { 4 x − 3 y = 6 15 y − 20 x = −30

We need to solve one equation for one variable. We will solve the first equation for x .

Since 0 = 0 is a true statement, the system is consistent. The equations are dependent. The graphs of these two equations would give the same line. The system has infinitely many solutions.

Try It 5.37

Solve the system by substitution. { 2 x − 3 y = 12 −12 y + 8 x = 48 { 2 x − 3 y = 12 −12 y + 8 x = 48

Try It 5.38

Solve the system by substitution. { 5 x + 2 y = 12 −4 y − 10 x = −24 { 5 x + 2 y = 12 −4 y − 10 x = −24

Look back at the equations in Example 5.19 . Is there any way to recognize that they are the same line?

Let’s see what happens in the next example.

Example 5.20

Solve the system by substitution. { 5 x − 2 y = −10 y = 5 2 x { 5 x − 2 y = −10 y = 5 2 x

The second equation is already solved for y , so we can substitute for y in the first equation.

Since 0 = −10 is a false statement the equations are inconsistent. The graphs of the two equation would be parallel lines. The system has no solutions.

Try It 5.39

Solve the system by substitution. { 3 x + 2 y = 9 y = − 3 2 x + 1 { 3 x + 2 y = 9 y = − 3 2 x + 1

Try It 5.40

Solve the system by substitution. { 5 x − 3 y = 2 y = 5 3 x − 4 { 5 x − 3 y = 2 y = 5 3 x − 4

Solve Applications of Systems of Equations by Substitution

We’ll copy here the problem solving strategy we used in the Solving Systems of Equations by Graphing section for solving systems of equations. Now that we know how to solve systems by substitution, that’s what we’ll do in Step 5.

How to use a problem solving strategy for systems of linear equations.

• Step 1. Read the problem. Make sure all the words and ideas are understood.
• Step 2. Identify what we are looking for.
• Step 3. Name what we are looking for. Choose variables to represent those quantities.
• Step 4. Translate into a system of equations.
• Step 5. Solve the system of equations using good algebra techniques.
• Step 6. Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense.
• Step 7. Answer the question with a complete sentence.

Some people find setting up word problems with two variables easier than setting them up with just one variable. Choosing the variable names is easier when all you need to do is write down two letters. Think about this in the next example—how would you have done it with just one variable?

Example 5.21

The sum of two numbers is zero. One number is nine less than the other. Find the numbers.

Try It 5.41

The sum of two numbers is 10. One number is 4 less than the other. Find the numbers.

Try It 5.42

The sum of two number is −6. One number is 10 less than the other. Find the numbers.

In the Example 5.22 , we’ll use the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle, P = 2 L + 2 W .

Example 5.22

The perimeter of a rectangle is 88. The length is five more than twice the width. Find the length and the width.

Try It 5.43

The perimeter of a rectangle is 40. The length is 4 more than the width. Find the length and width of the rectangle.

Try It 5.44

The perimeter of a rectangle is 58. The length is 5 more than three times the width. Find the length and width of the rectangle.

For Example 5.23 we need to remember that the sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees and that a right triangle has one 90 degree angle.

Example 5.23

The measure of one of the small angles of a right triangle is ten more than three times the measure of the other small angle. Find the measures of both angles.

We will draw and label a figure.

Try It 5.45

The measure of one of the small angles of a right triangle is 2 more than 3 times the measure of the other small angle. Find the measure of both angles.

Try It 5.46

The measure of one of the small angles of a right triangle is 18 less than twice the measure of the other small angle. Find the measure of both angles.

Example 5.24

Heather has been offered two options for her salary as a trainer at the gym. Option A would pay her $25,000 plus $15 for each training session. Option B would pay her $10,000 + $40 for each training session. How many training sessions would make the salary options equal?

Try It 5.47

Geraldine has been offered positions by two insurance companies. The first company pays a salary of $12,000 plus a commission of $100 for each policy sold. The second pays a salary of $20,000 plus a commission of $50 for each policy sold. How many policies would need to be sold to make the total pay the same?

Try It 5.48

Kenneth currently sells suits for company A at a salary of $22,000 plus a $10 commission for each suit sold. Company B offers him a position with a salary of $28,000 plus a $4 commission for each suit sold. How many suits would Kenneth need to sell for the options to be equal?

Access these online resources for additional instruction and practice with solving systems of equations by substitution.

• Instructional Video-Solve Linear Systems by Substitution
• Instructional Video-Solve by Substitution

Section 5.2 Exercises

Practice makes perfect.

In the following exercises, solve the systems of equations by substitution.

{ 2 x + y = −4 3 x − 2 y = −6 { 2 x + y = −4 3 x − 2 y = −6

{ 2 x + y = −2 3 x − y = 7 { 2 x + y = −2 3 x − y = 7

{ x − 2 y = −5 2 x − 3 y = −4 { x − 2 y = −5 2 x − 3 y = −4

{ x − 3 y = −9 2 x + 5 y = 4 { x − 3 y = −9 2 x + 5 y = 4

{ 5 x − 2 y = −6 y = 3 x + 3 { 5 x − 2 y = −6 y = 3 x + 3

{ −2 x + 2 y = 6 y = −3 x + 1 { −2 x + 2 y = 6 y = −3 x + 1

{ 2 x + 3 y = 3 y = − x + 3 { 2 x + 3 y = 3 y = − x + 3

{ 2 x + 5 y = −14 y = −2 x + 2 { 2 x + 5 y = −14 y = −2 x + 2

{ 2 x + 5 y = 1 y = 1 3 x − 2 { 2 x + 5 y = 1 y = 1 3 x − 2

{ 3 x + 4 y = 1 y = − 2 5 x + 2 { 3 x + 4 y = 1 y = − 2 5 x + 2

{ 3 x − 2 y = 6 y = 2 3 x + 2 { 3 x − 2 y = 6 y = 2 3 x + 2

{ −3 x − 5 y = 3 y = 1 2 x − 5 { −3 x − 5 y = 3 y = 1 2 x − 5

{ 2 x + y = 10 − x + y = −5 { 2 x + y = 10 − x + y = −5

{ −2 x + y = 10 − x + 2 y = 16 { −2 x + y = 10 − x + 2 y = 16

{ 3 x + y = 1 −4 x + y = 15 { 3 x + y = 1 −4 x + y = 15

{ x + y = 0 2 x + 3 y = −4 { x + y = 0 2 x + 3 y = −4

{ x + 3 y = 1 3 x + 5 y = −5 { x + 3 y = 1 3 x + 5 y = −5

{ x + 2 y = −1 2 x + 3 y = 1 { x + 2 y = −1 2 x + 3 y = 1

{ 2 x + y = 5 x − 2 y = −15 { 2 x + y = 5 x − 2 y = −15

{ 4 x + y = 10 x − 2 y = −20 { 4 x + y = 10 x − 2 y = −20

{ y = −2 x − 1 y = − 1 3 x + 4 { y = −2 x − 1 y = − 1 3 x + 4

{ y = x − 6 y = − 3 2 x + 4 { y = x − 6 y = − 3 2 x + 4

{ y = 2 x − 8 y = 3 5 x + 6 { y = 2 x − 8 y = 3 5 x + 6

{ y = − x − 1 y = x + 7 { y = − x − 1 y = x + 7

{ 4 x + 2 y = 8 8 x − y = 1 { 4 x + 2 y = 8 8 x − y = 1

{ − x − 12 y = −1 2 x − 8 y = −6 { − x − 12 y = −1 2 x − 8 y = −6

{ 15 x + 2 y = 6 −5 x + 2 y = −4 { 15 x + 2 y = 6 −5 x + 2 y = −4

{ 2 x − 15 y = 7 12 x + 2 y = −4 { 2 x − 15 y = 7 12 x + 2 y = −4

{ y = 3 x 6 x − 2 y = 0 { y = 3 x 6 x − 2 y = 0

{ x = 2 y 4 x − 8 y = 0 { x = 2 y 4 x − 8 y = 0

{ 2 x + 16 y = 8 − x − 8 y = −4 { 2 x + 16 y = 8 − x − 8 y = −4

{ 15 x + 4 y = 6 −30 x − 8 y = −12 { 15 x + 4 y = 6 −30 x − 8 y = −12

{ y = −4 x 4 x + y = 1 { y = −4 x 4 x + y = 1

{ y = − 1 4 x x + 4 y = 8 { y = − 1 4 x x + 4 y = 8

{ y = 7 8 x + 4 −7 x + 8 y = 6 { y = 7 8 x + 4 −7 x + 8 y = 6

{ y = − 2 3 x + 5 2 x + 3 y = 11 { y = − 2 3 x + 5 2 x + 3 y = 11

In the following exercises, translate to a system of equations and solve.

The sum of two numbers is 15. One number is 3 less than the other. Find the numbers.

The sum of two numbers is 30. One number is 4 less than the other. Find the numbers.

The sum of two numbers is −26. One number is 12 less than the other. Find the numbers.

The perimeter of a rectangle is 50. The length is 5 more than the width. Find the length and width.

The perimeter of a rectangle is 60. The length is 10 more than the width. Find the length and width.

The perimeter of a rectangle is 58. The length is 5 more than three times the width. Find the length and width.

The perimeter of a rectangle is 84. The length is 10 more than three times the width. Find the length and width.

The measure of one of the small angles of a right triangle is 14 more than 3 times the measure of the other small angle. Find the measure of both angles.

The measure of one of the small angles of a right triangle is 26 more than 3 times the measure of the other small angle. Find the measure of both angles.

The measure of one of the small angles of a right triangle is 15 less than twice the measure of the other small angle. Find the measure of both angles.

The measure of one of the small angles of a right triangle is 45 less than twice the measure of the other small angle. Find the measure of both angles.

Maxim has been offered positions by two car dealers. The first company pays a salary of $10,000 plus a commission of $1,000 for each car sold. The second pays a salary of $20,000 plus a commission of $500 for each car sold. How many cars would need to be sold to make the total pay the same?

Jackie has been offered positions by two cable companies. The first company pays a salary of $ 14,000 plus a commission of $100 for each cable package sold. The second pays a salary of $20,000 plus a commission of $25 for each cable package sold. How many cable packages would need to be sold to make the total pay the same?

Amara currently sells televisions for company A at a salary of $17,000 plus a $100 commission for each television she sells. Company B offers her a position with a salary of $29,000 plus a $20 commission for each television she sells. How many televisions would Amara need to sell for the options to be equal?

Mitchell currently sells stoves for company A at a salary of $12,000 plus a $150 commission for each stove he sells. Company B offers him a position with a salary of $24,000 plus a $50 commission for each stove he sells. How many stoves would Mitchell need to sell for the options to be equal?

Everyday Math

When Gloria spent 15 minutes on the elliptical trainer and then did circuit training for 30 minutes, her fitness app says she burned 435 calories. When she spent 30 minutes on the elliptical trainer and 40 minutes circuit training she burned 690 calories. Solve the system { 15 e + 30 c = 435 30 e + 40 c = 690 { 15 e + 30 c = 435 30 e + 40 c = 690 for e e , the number of calories she burns for each minute on the elliptical trainer, and c c , the number of calories she burns for each minute of circuit training.

Stephanie left Riverside, California, driving her motorhome north on Interstate 15 towards Salt Lake City at a speed of 56 miles per hour. Half an hour later, Tina left Riverside in her car on the same route as Stephanie, driving 70 miles per hour. Solve the system { 56 s = 70 t s = t + 1 2 { 56 s = 70 t s = t + 1 2 .

• ⓐ for t t to find out how long it will take Tina to catch up to Stephanie.
• ⓑ what is the value of s s , the number of hours Stephanie will have driven before Tina catches up to her?

Writing Exercises

Solve the system of equations { x + y = 10 x − y = 6 { x + y = 10 x − y = 6

ⓐ by graphing. ⓑ by substitution. ⓒ Which method do you prefer? Why?

Solve the system of equations { 3 x + y = 12 x = y − 8 { 3 x + y = 12 x = y − 8 by substitution and explain all your steps in words.

ⓐ After completing the exercises, use this checklist to evaluate your mastery of the objectives of this section.

ⓑ After reviewing this checklist, what will you do to become confident for all objectives?

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5: Systems of Equations and Inequalities

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In this chapter, we will investigate matrices and their inverses, and various ways to use matrices to solve systems of equations. First, however, we will study systems of equations on their own: linear and nonlinear, and then partial fractions.

• 5.1: Prelude to Systems of Equations and Inequalities In this chapter, we will investigate matrices and their inverses, and various ways to use matrices to solve systems of equations. First, however, we will study systems of equations on their own: linear and nonlinear, and then partial fractions. We will not be breaking any secret codes here, but we will lay the foundation for future courses.
• 5.2: Systems of Linear Equations - Two Variables A system of linear equations consists of two or more equations made up of two or more variables such that all equations in the system are considered simultaneously. The solution to a system of linear equations in two variables is any ordered pair that satisfies each equation independently. Systems of equations are classified as independent with one solution, dependent with an infinite number of solutions, or inconsistent with no solution.
• 5.3: Matrices and Matrix Operations To solve a systems of equations, we can use a matrix, which is a rectangular array of numbers. A row in a matrix is a set of numbers that are aligned horizontally. A column in a matrix is a set of numbers that are aligned vertically. Each number is an entry, sometimes called an element, of the matrix. Matrices (plural) are enclosed in [ ] or ( ), and are usually named with capital letters.
• 5.4: Solving Systems with Gaussian Elimination A matrix can serve as a device for representing and solving a system of equations. To express a system in matrix form, we extract the coefficients of the variables and the constants, and these become the entries of the matrix. We use a vertical line to separate the coefficient entries from the constants, essentially replacing the equal signs. When a system is written in this form, we call it an augmented matrix.
• 5.5: Solving Systems with Cramer's Rule In this section, we will study two more strategies for solving systems of equations. A determinant is a real number that can be very useful in mathematics because it has multiple applications, such as calculating area, volume, and other quantities. Here, we will use determinants to reveal whether a matrix is invertible by using the entries of a square matrix to determine whether there is a solution to the system of equations. Cramer’s Rule to solve a system of equations in two & three variables.
• 5.6: Solving Systems with Inverses A matrix that has a multiplicative inverse is called an invertible matrix. Only a square matrix may have a multiplicative inverse, as reversibility is a requirement. Not all square matrices have an inverse. We will look at two methods for finding the inverse of a  2×2  matrix and a third method that can be used on both  2×2  and 3×3  matrices.

Thumbnail: Possible types of solutions for the points of Intersection of a circle and an ellipse.

Contributors and Attributions

Jay Abramson (Arizona State University) with contributing authors. Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0  license. Download for free at  https://openstax.org/details/books/precalculus .

Math With Mrs. Molina

There are two things we must give children: the first one is roots and the other wings., unit 3: equations and inequalities, click here to go to the ixl website for all kinds of 8th grade topics and review problems..

What is an equation?

Examples: 4 + 3  = 7        or        3x + 5 = 10

An equation is a number sentence. We call it an equation because it has an equal sign.

The 5 Steps to Writing an Equation or Inequality

Step 1. read and  underline   the question, step 2. find your   χ  (your variable/unknown) and box it, step 3. circle the math words  (product, quotient, each,                per, together, sum, difference, squared ), step 4 . replace the operation words with their symbols (              • , + , – ,  ÷ , / , = , < , > , ≤ , ≥ ,√ , ≠ , ² , ³ ), step 5. write the equations.

  Don’t forget our cool ‘dance’ we did to remember this!

WRITING EQUATIONS PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

Click here  to practice Writing Equations online and get automatic feedback (it grades it)! 🙂

With Equations, Inequalities and Expressions we always want to combine like terms 1st!

Here is an example on how to do that:

Once all like terms have been combined then we can solve.

Solving Equations with Models

To create your own equations using models click here !

MODELING EQUATIONS PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

Click here  to practice Modeling Equations online and get automatic feedback (it grades it)! 🙂

Solving Equations Algebraically

Here is another example solving algebraically, solve √(x/2) = 3.

And the more “tricks” and techniques you learn the better you will get.

Here is an example of how we solved equations in class:

SOLVING EQUATIONS (with variables on both sides PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

Click here  or here  to practice Solving Equations online and get automatic feedback (it grades it)! 🙂

Systems of Equations

For information on systems of equations click here ., simple vs. compound  interest, introduction to interest :.

http://www.mathsisfun.com/money/interest.html

SIMPLE INTEREST

  I = Prt  

• I = interest owed  [$] (this is ONLY the interest borrowed)
• P = amount borrowed (called “Principal”)  [$]
• r = interest rate   [%] (you have to divide the percent by 100)  For information On Percents click here !
• t = time    [years]

Simple interest is money you can earn by investing some money (the principal). The interest (percent) is the rate that makes the money grow!

COMPOUND INTEREST

  A = P(1+r)^t  

• A = All of it / Actual / total amount owed (this amount includes the interest and the principal)   [$]
• P = amount borrowed (called “Principal”)    [$]
• r = interest rate     [%]

Compound interest is very similar to simple interest. The difference is that compound interest grows much faster ! The reason it grows faster is because the interest (percent) has an exponent .

********** MAKE SURE TO READ THE QUESTION AND SEE EXACTLY WHAT IT IS ASKING DOES IT JUST WANT THE INTEREST OR THE TOTAL (All of it) ???????? *************************

For information on compound interest click  here.

SIMPLE INTEREST PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

Click here  or here  to practice Simple Interest online and get automatic feedback (it grades it)! 🙂

COMPOUND INTEREST PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

Click here  or here  to practice Compound Interest online and get automatic feedback (it grades it)! 🙂

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All Things Algebra®

Math 7 Unit 3: Equations & Inequalities

This unit includes 62 pages of guided notes, homework assignments, three quizzes, a study guide, and a unit test that cover the topics listed in the description below.

• Description
• Additional Information
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This unit contains the following topics:

• One-Step Equations with Addition and Subtraction • One-Step Equations with Multiplication and Division • One-Step Equations with Rational Numbers (Decimals and Fractions) • Translating One-Step Equations • One-Step Equation Word Problems • Two-Step Equations • Translating Two-Step Equations • Two-Step Equations Word Problems • Multi-Step Equations (Variables on One Side) • Multi-Step Equations (Variables on Both Sides) • Writing and Graphing Inequalities • Solving One-Step Inequalities • Solving Two-Step Inequalities • Translating One- and Two-Step Inequalities • One- and Two-Step Inequality Word Problems

This unit does not contain activities.

This is the guided notes, homework assignments, quizzes, study guide, and unit test only.  For suggested activities to go with this unit, check out the ATA Activity Alignment Guides .

This resource is included in the following bundle(s):

Math 7 Curriculum

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