how to get a supervisor for phd in canada

Finding a supervisor

A supervisor is a professor who oversees your research and the development of your thesis. They provide mentorship, support, and guidance throughout your studies. 

Your relationship with your supervisor will be an important factor in your experience and success as a graduate student. Focus on finding a supervisor who shares your research interests, complements your research and learning style, and supports you in your research and academic goals.

Learn more about supervisory roles and responsibilities in the  Guide for Graduate Research and Supervision .

This video will help you as you prepare to research, contact, and select a supervisor for your graduate studies.

Do you need a supervisor?

Looking for a supervisor, contacting potential supervisors, meeting potential supervisors.

Supervisors are not required for Waterloo professional coursework and professional  online programs .

Some research-based master's and doctoral programs require a supervisor prior to applying while others may assign a supervisor once you have started in your program. Contact your department/program  graduate co-ordinator  to determine if having a supervisor before you apply is required for your program.

Your graduate coordinator will be able to answer questions about program requirements, the admission process, supplemental materials, and funding opportunities.

Visit Faculty or Department websites to learn more about faculty members in your desired field. Faculty profiles or websites will often provide details about conference participation, course instruction, publications, and CVs. Consider how your research interests and experience may intersect with a faculty member's and identify opportunities to expand you knowledge in a desired area.

Use your findings to create a shortlist of potential supervisors to explore further.

The next step is to contact the supervisors on your list. Be sure to tailor your email for each potential supervisor. Your goal is to stand out and generate interest in working with you.

• Use proper letter format, formal salutations – Professor/Dr. (last name) and close with “Yours sincerely” followed by your full name and contact information
• Attach your CV and current transcripts
• Specify the program for which you are applying
• Ask if they are accepting graduate students under their supervision for your desired admit term
• If you already have funding or a scholarship, specify the source, value, and duration
• Explain your interest in graduate studies, your academic and career goals, and your research experience
• Explain your interest in the faculty member and discuss how your research aligns with theirs (this can be a great way to differentiate yourself and make a strong case for your candidacy)
• Suggest a follow-up meeting with options for date and time

Once you hear back from an interested potential supervisor, you may wish to arrange for a phone call or virtual meeting. We suggest using that time to learn more about the faculty member’s experience, expectations, and availability.

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School of Graduate Studies

Find a supervisor.

If you’re enrolled in a thesis-based graduate program, you will conduct your own research under the guidance of a supervisor. You are responsible for selecting your research topic and seeking out a potential supervisor.

The supervisory relationship is a foundation of graduate education, particularly in the doctoral-stream programs.

The success of good supervision is a shared responsibility. It depends on both student and supervisor communicating well, being tolerant and understanding, and each holding the other to high standards. The graduate unit (department, centre, or institute) also plays a role, providing clarity and consistency of expectations, upholding academic standards, administering the program fairly and effectively, and intervening where necessary to help resolve problems.

“ I enjoy teaching graduate courses and seminars, but my favourite part is supervising dissertations.

Choose a supervisor.

The responsibility to find a supervisor, in most graduate units, rests with the student. Securing a supervisor may however even be a condition of admission. Some graduate units assign a supervisor, typically in master’s programs. How do you know? Check your graduate handbook or with your graduate administrator.

Full members of graduate faculty may serve as the sole or major thesis supervisor for either doctoral or master’s students in the graduate unit while associate members of graduate faculty may serve as members of a doctoral supervisory committee, but may only be the sole or major supervisor for master’s students.

Faculty members A to Z listing .

Get Advice & Support

Talk to your graduate unit. Read your graduate handbook. Know what procedures your graduate unit has in place to help you find a supervisor, or to change a supervisor in the unlikely event that becomes necessary.

The SGS Graduate Supervision Guidelines – Students is a good resource, a set of best practices, general guidelines, policies, and suggestions that provide direction on choosing a supervisor, establishing a supervisory committee, and maintaining a productive working relationship among all three. The guidelines include a supervision checklist for students.

Identify Clear Expectations

Your supervision relationship will benefit from having clear, shared expectations with your supervisor. Set timelines for each stage of work. Identify preferred methods of communication. Discuss intellectual property issues. Complete an intellectual property awareness form . Identify publication expectations and other matters.

Know Your Deadlines

All doctoral students are required to have a supervisor and supervisory committee in place by the end of the second year of their program. Some graduate units have earlier deadlines. Securing a supervisor, supervisory committee and an approved thesis proposal is a requirement for doctoral students to achieve candidacy in their program. Know your deadlines. Compliance with the deadlines is required to maintain satisfactory progress and good academic standing in your degree program.

Maintain Healthy Supervisory Relations

A doctoral student is expected to meet with the supervisory committee at least once a year, and more often if the committee so requires. Supervisory Committee meetings are vital for monitoring doctoral progress in a doctoral program.

The supervisory committee consists of your supervisor and at least two faculty members. Its role is to provide support to you and your supervisor by broadening and deepening the range of expertise and experience available, and by offering advice about, and assessment of, your work. Graduate students who establish their supervisory committees early in their programs and who meet with their committees regularly, tend to complete their degree programs successfully, and sooner than students who wait to establish their committees.

Further information on maintaining good academic standing and supervision is found in the General Regulations section of the SGS Calendar and on the policies and guidelines page of this website.

Recognize Your Supervisor

Do you know a great graduate supervisor who has made a big difference in a student’s development as a researcher and in pursuing future academic and professional careers? The JJ Berry Smith Award for Doctoral Supervision recognizes outstanding performance in the multiple roles associated with doctoral supervision. It is awarded annually to an active faculty member who, over a minimum of 15 years, has demonstrated excellence in supervision at U of T. Recognize your supervisor.

When Problems Arise

Should a problem arise in your supervisory relationship, try to resolve the difficulty amicably through informal discussion first. If that does not resolve the problem, there are several avenues to pursue within your graduate unit: the supervisory committee, the Graduate Coordinator and the Chair of the graduate unit. If the graduate unit is unable to find a satisfactory solution, advice may be sought from the Vice-Dean, Students, School of Graduate Studies. If all else fails, and if the nature of the issue is academic, you have recourse to a formal academic appeal.

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Become a Graduate Student

• Finding a research supervisor

Graduate students in research-intensive programs (i.e., one that requires a thesis) will often need a faculty supervisor.

We strongly encourage you check with your graduate program of interest to see if a supervisor is needed, and to find a supervisor at the time of application if necessary. This will increase your chances at admission, and allow for a better and more productive graduate student experience .

Finding a Supervisor

There are a few ways you can find a supervisor:

• If you are an undergraduate student at Memorial, consider the senior courses you are taking or have taken that interest you the most. If the subject matter is something that you can envision studying further independently, talk to the course instructor about either supervising you for a master’s project, or advice on who might be looking for graduate students in that area.
• Talk to current graduate students about their experience working with their supervisors or other faculty members in your discipline. 
• If you completed your prior degree at a different university, you have a few options. Try reviewing the faculty directory on the departmental website . They should offer a list of all active faculty members, their research interests, publications, current and past graduate students, and contact information. Try looking at the faculty directors of multiple departments that might be related to your field of study.
• Do a search using www.yaffle.ca , using keywords that best describe your research interests. The search results should yield several names of faculty members in your area of interest along with their contact information. You can also search for faculty members who are specifically seeking graduate students and willing to supervise . Please keep in mind not all of Memorial’s graduate supervisors are listed on this site.
• Contact the Graduate Officer of the academic unit or program you are interested in, and ask for suggestions on faculty members who might be looking for students. Graduate Officers can also provide important information on admission and program requirements, the application review process, and funding awarded for students in research programs.

Contacting a Supervisor

When contacting potential supervisors, it is important to make a good first impression. We suggest you take the following steps:

• Review the faculty member’s information online and become familiar with their research. Consider their publications as well as those of their graduate students.
• Write a concise introductory email to the faculty member you would like to work with. Introduce yourself, your academic credentials (GPA, academic awards, research experience, etc.), and the kind of research you would like to pursue and the reason for it. Tailor your email to the individual recipient and do not send a general email to multiple faculty members.
• Use formal salutations (“Dr./Professor” followed by last name) and close (“Yours sincerely” followed by your name and contact information). Attach your current CV and transcripts.
• If you have your own funding (e.g., external scholarship), specify the source and amount you have been awarded.
• Advise them you have applied for a graduate program at Memorial University and ask them if they might be interested in serving as your supervisor for a program.
• Ask for further discussion by phone, videoconference or in person (if possible).
• If you don’t receive an immediate response, do not be discouraged. Faculty members might just need some time to review and get back to you, especially in the middle of a busy semester or during the summer if they are in the field or away at a conference.

Questions to Ask a Supervisor

When communicating with potential supervisors, it is important to discuss a few topics in addition to research interests and plans:

• Most full-time graduate students in research programs must be funded. Ask about funding levels for your program and options for scholarships in your field.
• Ask about potential start date for your program and whether they might be away on research leave at any point during your study period.
• Discuss the work of the faculty member’s current and past graduate students. What kind of research are current graduate students doing now, and what kind of careers do former graduate students now have?
• What kind of professional skills training opportunities will you have as a graduate student? Will you be able to publish, present at conferences, and network with peers?
• What is the faculty member’s supervisory style? Do they meet with graduate students frequently, or expect graduate students to work fairly independently?

If you have any other questions, please reach out. The School of Graduate Studies, as well as 60 academic units across all of Memorial’s campuses, are committed to making the admissions process clear and seamless. In addition to our Graduate Officers, who can serve as invaluable resources for you, our dedicated team of professional staff are available to answer any question you might have, within one business day.

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The majority of graduate programs are NOT impacted by recent government announcements about tuition increases. PhD students from the rest of Canada will continue to pay Quebec fees. International PhD fees will see the same 3% increase as Quebec fees.

Connecting with a Supervisor

How to find and connect with potential supervisors.

Your relationship with your supervisor will be one of the most important factors contributing to the success of your graduate studies. Taking the time to find a supervisor who will complement your research and learning style will help to ensure the success of this relationship. Below are some important considerations to assist you in your efforts.

Do you need to select a supervisor?

Every department at McGill has different admissions procedures. While some will expect you to connect with a potential supervisor prior to applying, others will assign a supervisor to you after you have been accepted. Make sure to carefully read the requirements of the program into which you are applying, available on the departmental website, to find out the supervisory procedures for that department. If it is unclear, contact the Graduate Program Director to clarify.

Identify Potential Supervisors

• Browse our Program Pages to identify the department in which your research of interest is taking place.
• Develop a shortlist of potential supervisors from the Faculty members working in your area. In comparing them, try to identify who would be the ideal supervisor for you both in terms of research interests and teaching/learning style.
• Review Faculty member research profiles to locate potential supervisors with research interests similar to your own. Check Departmental websites under the menu heading ‘Faculty’.
• Think laterally – if you don’t find what you’re looking for in one department, look at the research profiles of Faculty in related fields.

What to look for

By looking at a Faculty member’s CV and talking to them as well as to their current and former students, you can get a good idea as to who might be the best supervisor for you. 

A good supervisor should be able to provide you with some direction, while allowing you to take initiative. There are a number of factors that can promote a successful supervisory relationship. These include:

• Expertise : Are they working on your area of research?
• Experience: Have they supervised many students before?
• Availability : Will they be available to meet with you when you need them?
• Research agenda : How active is their research?
• Publishing: How often do they publish? Do they co-author with other professors in the department or with students?
• Collegiality and interpersonal relationship: How well will you get on with each other?

Make a connection

Prior to researching and speaking to potential supervisors, make sure to contact the academic unit offering your program in order to establish a relationship. 

The Graduate Program Coordinator will be your main contact person within the unit and will provide you with pertinent information. They will answer your questions about program requirements, the admissions process, supplemental materials, funding opportunities and the procedure for finding a supervisor within the department.

When you are ready to contact potential supervisors, approaching them by email is a good initial step. Ensure that your messages are tailored to each professor, not generic. You must catch the interest of the professor quickly and make a good first impression.

• Write a concise and professional letter.  The message should start with Dear Professor/Dr. (lastname) and end with "Yours sincerely" followed by your full name and contact information (or the formal equivalent in a message written in French). 
• Attach your Curriculum Vitae and unofficial transcripts. Note, you may complete and submit the Canadian Common CV . State why you are writing  (e.g.  I am applying to the M.Sc. program in specify program).
• State why you are interested in graduate studies (including career goals) and emphasize any research or leadership experience and analytical skills.
• If you already have funding, state the amount, duration and source.
• State why you are approaching this particular professor, and why your research interests and goals are a good match. Refer briefly to specific published articles by the professor that interest you.
• Offer an opportunity for further discussion (teleconference, videoconference, or if you are in Montreal, an in-person interview).

Questions and issues to discuss with potential supervisors:

• Capacity:  Does the professor currently have graduate students? Not enough? Too many? Looking for more?
• Expectations: Working hours, frequency of student-supervisor meetings, group meetings, reports, record keeping, contribution to general duties, assistance from and to other personnel/students, and meeting program milestones.
• Expected attendance at journal clubs, seminars, etc, aside from official requirements of the Graduate Program.
• Financial considerations: stipend, presentation/attendance at conferences.
• Conventions on authorship (within the norms of the discipline and McGill’s Regulation on the Conduct of Research .
• Review of written work : extent of supervisor’s involvement with student’s presentations, thesis preparation, time frame for return of comments, etc.
• Supervisory style: keeping in mind the questions above.
• Student Success :   how many students have they supervised through to graduation? Have the students finished their program in good time? Have many of the students published? How have the students done in the job market?
• Personality: trust your instincts as to whether you would be a good match.

Visit Campus

If at all possible, try to visit McGill and meet with your potential supervisor. Not only will this give you an opportunity to show them how excited you are to work together, but it will also allow you to get a sense of their personality. After identifying potential supervisors, call or email them to find out if they are taking on new students.

Away from McGill?

If you are unable to visit with your potential supervisor in person, you will need to rely on communication by phone, email or videoconference. Even if you are communicating at a distance, try to establish a personal connection. Show your potential supervisor why you are interested in working with them in particular.

Talk to current/former students

Talking to the current and former students of a potential supervisor is a good way to find out about their supervisory style, and will allow you to determine whether you work in a similar way.

• If you are visiting McGill, consider meeting up with some students in person to discuss working with this supervisor.
• If not, ask either the professor or the Graduate Program Coordinator/Secretary to provide you with email addresses or phone numbers.

Questions to ask current/former students

• What has been their experience working with this supervisor? Is the supervisor readily available when questions or problems arise?
• What is expected of them as graduate students working under this supervisor? Does the supervisor take a hands-on or laissez-faire approach to supervision?
• What do they feel are this supervisor’s strengths in terms of graduate supervision?
• What do they feel are their weaknesses in terms of graduate supervision?

Department and University Information

Graduate and postdoctoral studies.

Find a supervisor

Before being admitted to a research program, you must have a professor who agrees to act as your major research paper or thesis supervisor. The supervisor will guide you throughout your research and the writing of your project. We strongly recommend that you find a supervisor before submitting your application.

Before you contact a potential supervisor

Here is some advice to follow before you make the first contact:

• When possible, talk to professors in the academic unit about your field of interest, and find out who would be best able to supervise you.
• Take a look a the  list of available MRP and Thesis supervisors  (PDF, 147KB)
• Read the scholarly publications of  potential supervisors  to see if their field of research and methods are tailored to the topic or project you have in mind.
• Make a list of questions to ask during the interview and points to be addressed.
• When meeting with a potential supervisor, you should make sure to come prepared with as much information as possible about your topic of interest.

Making first contact

• Send an e-mail to the potential supervisors to introduce yourself.
• State clearly, what your interests are and how they match those of the professors you are contacting.
• Include information on your academic background.

When you meet with a potential supervisor come prepared with as much information about your topic as possible. Make a list for yourself of questions you would like to ask and issues you would like to discuss when you meet, and bring this list to the meeting.

If you cannot come on campus for your meeting, ask for a telephone or Internet interview.

Remember, a professor is not obliged to agree to supervise you if he or she feel the collaboration will not be successful due to a lack of compatibility.

Following your meeting

After establishing a good relationship with your supervisor, here are the next steps:

• if you have not done so already,  submit your application and prepare your documents ;
• familiarize yourself with  course sequences  and  program requirements ;
• keep in regular contact with the professor who has agreed to supervise you and start reading articles related to your areas of interest.

Finding a supervisor for your MSc or PhD

All students must secure an appropriate LMP Graduate faculty supervisor before initial registration in a graduate program.

Selecting a supervisor is of utmost importance and should be made carefully. 

Although you are encouraged to contact potential supervisors before being admitted, supervisors can only officially accept you as a student after you have met the admission requirements and received an offer of admission (see MSc and PhD application process and deadlines ). 

The process is complete when the faculty member agrees to accept you into their research program and agrees to pay the required stipend.

You should then notify the graduate office of the agreement by email ( [email protected] ) and copy the supervisor. 

• International (visa) students:  you are encouraged to contact faculty members during the application phase in order to have the support of a potential supervisor prior to the application deadline. You may be recommended for admission but will not gain admission without securing a supervisor.  

Tips for selecting a supervisor 

• Go the  Faculty Directory : you can filter by those accepting MSc or PhD, using the 'refine by' field. We regularly update our website to reflect who is accepting students. Only faculty  marked ‘yes’ under Graduate Faculty will supervise students . If you are interested in COVID-19 related research, see  COVID-19 research and initiatives in LMP .
• Browse through the list of researchers to find potential supervisors. 
• Read publications from potential supervisors to determine whether the research topics align with your interests. 
• why you are interested in the laboratory;
• describe your educational background;
• provide a short description of your past research experience(s), and;
• request an interview. 

See  Supervision Guidelines for Students and Faculty   on the School of Graduate Studies website.

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Find your supervisor

Do you need a supervisor?

If you are planning to apply for a thesis-based master’s or PhD program, you may need to identify a supervisor to oversee your studies before you begin the application process. Some faculties will pair you with a thesis-supervisor after you are accepted, and course-based programs don’t require a supervisor at all. 

To find out if it’s necessary to secure a supervisor, please check with the  faculty,  department, or school  that offers your program. 

Identifying a supervisor 

• Visit the website of the  faculty, department, or school  that offers your program to discover current faculty members who share your research interests.  
• Once you’ve found one or two potential supervisors, read a few of their publications to learn more about their area of study and to determine if they have the right expertise for the project or subject area you plan to focus your thesis work on. 
• If your prospective supervisor looks like a good fit for your research interest, send them a clear and concise email explaining that you are planning to apply for a program in their faculty or department and are looking for a supervisor.  Feel free to include your research interests as well as unofficial transcripts and a CV.

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Finding a Supervisor

How to seek a postdoctoral fellow position at york.

Any individual interested in becoming a Postdoctoral Fellow at York is responsible for taking the required first step of securing the support of at least one prospective supervisor who is a York faculty member. Requests and/or proposals for this support must be made directly by the prospective Fellow to the prospective supervisor.

To find and contact a prospective supervisor, the potential postdoctoral fellow is advised to:

• Visit the websites of the Faculties, departments and units of interest to them to see if there are any postdoctoral opportunities available;
• Browse the Research Chairs section of the York Research website;
• Every department at York has a website which can be found online by clicking on the relevant Faculty ;
• Each departmental page has an online list of faculty members and their research topics.
• Once a potentially compatible faculty member is identified, requests and/or proposals for a postdoctoral supervisory relationship can be made directly to the specific faculty member(s);
• It is also recommended that interested applicants review the available external funding opportunities , in tandem with a search for a prospective supervisor, to become aware of potential funding sources which they may use to fund their research at York.

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Canadian Immigration Updates

Applicants to Master’s and Doctoral degrees are not affected by the recently announced cap on study permits. Review more details

The supervisor is the key person in a thesis-based graduate degree program. The principal role of the supervisor is to help students achieve their scholastic potential and to chair the student’s Supervisory Committee. The Supervisor will provide reasonable commitment, accessibility, professionalism, stimulation, guidance, respect and consistent encouragement to the student. Learn more

Graduate programs have different expectations regarding prospective students contacting faculty members. Some require commitment of a faculty member as thesis supervisor prior to applying while others assign supervisors in the first year. Please review the requirements for each program in the degree listing under the heading "Admission Information & Requirements" in step 3 "Prepare Application" under "Thesis Supervision".

Advice on how to reach out to supervisors

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Reaching Out Tips

Complete these steps before you reach out to a faculty member.

• Familiarize yourself with program requirements. You want to learn as much as possible from the information available to you before you reach out to a faculty member. Be sure to visit the graduate degree program listing and program-specific websites.
• Check whether the program requires you to seek commitment from a supervisor prior to submitting an application. For some programs this is an essential step while others match successful applicants with faculty members within the first year of study. This is either indicated in the program profile under "Admission Information & Requirements" - "Prepare Application" - "Supervision" or on the program website.
• Identify specific faculty members who are conducting research in your specific area of interest.
• Read up on the faculty members in the program and the research being conducted in the department.
• Familiarize yourself with their work, read their recent publications and past theses/dissertations that they supervised. Be certain that their research is indeed what you are hoping to study.
• Do not send non-specific, mass emails to everyone in the department hoping for a match.
• Address the faculty members by name. Your contact should be genuine rather than generic.
• Include a brief outline of your academic background, why you are interested in working with the faculty member, and what experience you could bring to the department. The supervision enquiry form guides you with targeted questions. Ensure to craft compelling answers to these questions.
• Highlight your achievements and why you are a top student. Faculty members receive dozens of requests from prospective students and you may have less than 30 seconds to pique someone’s interest.
• Convey the specific ways you are a good fit for the program.
• Convey the specific ways the program/lab/faculty member is a good fit for the research you are interested in/already conducting.
• Be enthusiastic, but don’t overdo it.

G+PS regularly provides virtual sessions that focus on admission requirements and procedures and tips how to improve your application.

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Find a supervisor

For many of our academic programs, you will be working closely with a faculty supervisor who will guide you through your research project or thesis. It is often helpful to find a supervisor who has similar research interests to your own. Use the form below to search through our faculty. Note that this list is not comprehensive. If you cannot find a faculty member who is doing work in your field, contact the Graduate Chair of a similar program and they may be able to suggest a potential supervisor.

Before contacting a potential supervisor, we recommend that you review our Tips for Finding a Supervisor page. 

Supervisor search

What field do you want to do research in? We'll tell you who is doing work in that area and what programs may be a good match for you:

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Potential Graduate Supervisors

Some of UPEI's graduate programs require students to secure a graduate supervisor prior to application.

Please contact the co-ordinator for each program to find out about UPEI faculty members currently accepting graduate students.

Master of Applied Health Services Research Dr. Joel Ross, program co-ordinator [email protected]  

Master of Science (MSc) Dr. Joel Ross, program co-ordinator [email protected]

Master of Science (MSc) and PhD in Sustainable Design Engineering Dr. Grant McSorley, program co-ordinator [email protected] Engineering Graduate Studies page

Master of Veterinary Science (MVSc) Rosemary Mciver [email protected]   AVC Graduate Studies page

PhD in Environmental Sciences Dr. Joel Ross, program co-ordinator [email protected]

PhD in Molecular and Macromolecular Sciences Dr. Joel Ross, program co-ordinator [email protected]

PhD in Veterinary Medicine Rosemary Mciver [email protected]   AVC Graduate Studies page

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Finding a Supervisor

Not all programs require you to secure a supervisor before applying. Generally, research-based programs require a supervisor for your thesis project. The Master of Science in Bioscience, Technology, & Public Policy and the Master of Environmental & Social Change programs require that you find a supervisor and write a research proposal before being admitted.

For the Master of Science in Applied Computer Science & Society program, a supervisor is required if you are applying to the research-based program. Applicants to the Master’s in Development Practice: Indigenous Development program are not obligated to consult with or secure a supervisor before applying. Upon admission to the MDP, students will be assigned an academic supervisor according to their area of interest. If you are unsure if you need to find a supervisor, you should contact the program chair .

If you have been advised that you require a Graduate Supervisor, you will need to contact professors to determine if they are taking on new graduate students. The first step is often to browse the web pages of faculty members in your department to see which research projects interest you. To contact a professor, be sure to send a tailored enquiry, rather than a generic message, attach a copy of your Curriculum Vitae, and offer an opportunity for further discussion (via teleconference, video-conference, or in-person interview).

You may also consider contacting the Graduate Program Chair with a brief research proposal, asking if they could recommend anyone in the program engaging in similar work. It is always a good idea to reach out to the Graduate Program Chair before applying to any graduate program. They will be your main point of contact to answer questions about eligibility requirements, funding, or assistantship opportunities.

A Graduate Advisor is responsible for assisting students with planning a program of study and ensuring that students are aware of all general regulations, program requirements, and degree regulations of the graduate department. Advisors also attend all supervisory committee meetings as well as student thesis, clinical or technical practicum examinations and prepare an annual report of the progress of the graduate student.

A Graduate Supervisor is responsible for supervising and providing guidance on all aspects of a student’s thesis, practicum, or research program and staying informed of the student’s progress and preparing an annual report summarizing progress in research, clinical, or technical activities and ensuring that scientific research is conducted in a way that is effective and safe. Supervisors review and evaluate student theses and major research papers in draft and final form and attend all supervisory committee meetings as well as student thesis, clinical or technical practicum examinations.

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How to apply for a PhD in Canada

If you are an international student planning to apply to a canadian university to study a phd, this guide will answer all the questions you might have, jens locher, .css-76pyzs{margin-right:0.25rem;} ,, shane moore, julian dierkes.

Once you’ve decided to apply for a postgraduate programme, starting the application process can often be the hardest part. If you’re planning to pursue your PhD in Canada, this guide will help you understand the application process and how to write a research proposal. 

While this guide covers the main questions that students might have around applying for a PhD in Canada, it is important to check the requirements for your university and ask the admissions team if you have any questions about the process. 

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How do i apply to do a phd in canada as an international student.

Once you have decided to apply to a PhD programme in Canada, you can use degree databases to find which university offers PhDs in your area of interest, such as  Universities Canada or provincial bodies such as Education Planner BC . Search engines or other global commercial degree directories may also help you identify a suitable programme.

Alternatively, you could search for which faculty members conduct research in your area via publication databases and then look up the universities where they teach.

If you already know which university you are most interested in, you should look at both its departmental/programme web pages and the pages of a central graduate school if applicable.

Unlike at undergraduate level, where you can apply via a central application system, application to graduate programmes is usually targeted to each programme, which can vary across institutions.

What qualifications do I need to apply for a PhD ?

We recommend that applicants check the admissions requirements for their programme of interest.

In terms of qualities admission committees may be looking for, these will vary by subject area – for example graduate programmes in natural sciences may look for different attributes from those in the performing arts. 

Graduate students in Canada are usually expected to work independently and be self-directed. As such, applicants may want to provide evidence of how they have taken initiative and shown self-direction and perseverance. Passion, curiosity, focus, commitment, collegiality and enthusiasm are all qualities that applicants may find mentioned on programme websites.

How do I look for a PhD supervisor?

The first step would be to check with your programme of interest to see if contact with a supervisor is encouraged or required. Processes vary and some programmes assign you supervisors based on interests identified in your application, some require commitment from a supervisor prior to the application, and some may determine supervisors after some initial coursework or rotations.

If a programme requires you to contact potential supervisors, begin by researching faculty members and their research topics. Most universities, including the University of British Columbia  (UBC), have a research supervisor database where prospective students can search faculty. 

Candidates should read recent papers by potential supervisors and look for a good match between their own interests and those of the faculty member. Reading graduate student stories can also help, as applicants will be able to see current research projects students are working on, and get a sense of the faculty or programme they are looking into.

Once you have found a faculty member you would like to work with, you can reach out to them individually. Prospective students should be aware that academics often receive many such requests every week. Plan carefully who to contact and customise each message to the particular faculty member, explaining your research interests and why you are interested in working with them.

Everything you need to know about studying in Canada Everything international students need to know about student visas in Canada

How should I write my research proposal?

Your research proposal is a crucial part of your application. It gives a sense of how prepared you are to conduct research and what directions of research you’re likely to pursue. A specific proposal is more likely to impress than some general ideas.

Your research areas and interests may change once you have entered your programme, so you will not be held to the ideas you’ve proposed. However, it gives prospective supervisors a sense of how your research aligns with theirs and that of the department in general.

Be sure to stay within the word count requested, and of course it’s essential you avoid any spelling or grammatical errors. We always recommend that applicants write several iterations of their research proposal and gain feedback from friends, colleagues and, if possible, professors at each stage. When you approach previous professors for a letter of reference, it’s worth sharing your proposal to get their feedback on it.

When should I start applying?

Applicants need to meet the application deadlines, which are often a year or more in advance of the desired start date (eg apply in December to start the following September). On top of that it is important to allocate enough time to prepare and complete various steps to be able to submit a completed application in time.

International applicants will need to ensure there is enough time to take the required English language tests. Applicants should also check if they have to complete any other courses before applying and that they have enough time to collect the necessary documentation and proofread everything. 

We recommend that prospective students review application timelines for their programme of interest and then plan backwards, ensuring they have time to complete all aspects of the application. All the steps may take longer than expected, so give yourself extra time to compile the strongest possible application.

How long will the application process take?

This will depend on each university, programme and sometimes supervisor. Once you have applied, the process will probably take a further two to three months at least. At UBC, many graduate programmes close applications in December and January, with offers being made February to April as a rough guideline. Depending on subject area, applications can close as late as April or May for a September start though.

What supporting documents do I need as an international student?

In general, required supporting documents won’t be too different from those for a domestic applicant, with the exception being proof of English language ability. Examples of supporting documents could be: 

• Transcripts of all post-secondary courses/degrees previously enrolled in
• Reference letters 
• Statement of interest/research statement
• English language test scores
• Depending on programme, test scores or portfolio

Many institutions allow applicants to apply with scans of their transcripts initially. However, once applicants receive an admission offer they will usually have to submit official copies, which may include translations for international applicants. 

International applicants are encouraged to familiarise themselves with other details, such as study permit procedures, work opportunities and health insurance. While not required for the application itself, these are important considerations for which to plan and budget if the application is successful.

Do I have to pay for my PhD application?

Most universities in Canada will charge an application fee. At UBC, the application fee for international applicants is CAD$168.25. UBC automatically waives these fees for applicants from countries identified among the world’s 50 least developed nations. Other universities in Canada may have similar measures in place, so be sure to check this.

Other than application fees, students should make a financial plan that incorporates tuition and living costs, as well as checking what financial aid you could be eligible for and which scholarships are available for international students. 

What would be your top pieces of advice for an international student applying for a PhD?

Deciding to go to graduate school is a big decision and often a difficult one if you do not have a clear understanding of what it will be like. It is important to go to graduate school for the right reasons, including:

• Being interested in a given field.
• Desiring to be part of an intellectual or professional community.
• Gaining qualifications for career progression.
• Acquiring expertise to change sector or professional area.
• Gaining experience and entry requirements for an academic career.

Also, it is important to think about where you would like to study. Location and lifestyle can make a significant difference. Think about how this will affect your life, and importantly, is it a place where you could live in the future?

Regarding being successful in the process, preparation is key. Most universities provide a lot of information on their websites about the process and how to prepare strong applications. Make use of these resources, take the time to read the advice and treat the application itself as an opportunity to show that you possess key qualities faculty members are looking for, such as paying attention to detail, and writing ability. 

• Shane Moore is marketing and recruitment manager at the University of British Columbia .
• Julian Dierkes is associate dean of funding at graduate and postdoctoral studies, and assistant professor, school of public policy and global affairs at the University of British Columbia .
• Jens Locher is assistant dean, strategic technologies and business initiatives at the University of British Columbia .

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Discover top Ph.D. streams and scholarships available in Canada - enhance your academic journey with a Ph.D. in Canada at renowned universities.

PhD Streams and Scholarships in Canada

Wesley Allan

Wesley Allan has been writing professionally for over five years and about immigration for a year. With a BA in English Language and Literature and Film Studies.

Reviewed by David Allon

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David Allon

A professional and knowledgeable RCIC with a passion for migration and international policies. He will ensure that you are provided with the best immigration service and business guidance on your journey to Canada.

In recent years, Canada has emerged as one of the most popular destinations for international students seeking higher education. With its world-class universities, diverse culture, and excellent quality of life, it's no surprise that many students are drawn to the prospect of a PhD in Canada. Universities in Canada offer a wide range of opportunities for students at the doctoral level, including various PhD streams and a plethora of scholarships to choose from.

Whether you're an international student looking to further your education or a Canadian resident seeking to expand your knowledge and skills, this guide will help you navigate the exciting world of opportunities for a PhD Canada.

Why Pursue a PhD in Canada?

Pursuing a PhD in Canada has become increasingly attractive for international students, thanks to the country's excellent universities and generous scholarship opportunities. If you want to take advantage of these amazing opportunities, the next step in your Canadian journey is to find a scholarship program that will support your needs. Some of the best PhD scholarships in Canada are as follows:

Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships

The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships are among Canada's most prestigious PhD scholarships, designed to attract and retain world-class doctoral students. These scholarships are awarded to students who demonstrate academic excellence, research potential, and leadership qualities. The scholarship provides $50,000 per year for up to three years of study and is available to Canadian and international students.

The University of British Columbia Four-Year Doctoral Fellowship

The University of British Columbia (UBC) offers a Four Year Doctoral Fellowship to outstanding PhD students. This fellowship provides financial support of at least $18,200 per year and full tuition coverage for up to four years of doctoral studies. Both domestic and international students are eligible for this fellowship, which is awarded based on academic merit and research potential.

Ontario Trillium Scholarship

The Ontario Trillium Scholarship is available to international students pursuing a PhD in Ontario universities. This scholarship provides $40,000 annually for up to four years of study and aims to attract top international talent to the province. Candidates must demonstrate academic excellence, research potential, and strong communication skills.

The Ontario Graduate Scholarship

The Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS) is open to domestic and international students pursuing a graduate degree (including PhD) at an Ontario university. The scholarship provides $15,000 per year for up to two years, with one-third of the funding provided by the university. Candidates must demonstrate academic excellence, research ability, and communication skills.

University of Calgary Graduate Scholarships

The University of Calgary offers a variety of graduate scholarships to both domestic and international students pursuing a PhD in various fields. These scholarships range in value and duration, with some providing full tuition coverage and others offering a stipend to cover living expenses. Eligibility criteria and application procedures vary depending on the scholarship, so thoroughly research each opportunity.

The University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship

The University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship (UMGF) is available to Canadian and international students pursuing a PhD at the University of Manitoba. The fellowship provides funding of $18,000 per year for up to four years, with the possibility of additional funding for exceptional candidates. Applicants must demonstrate academic excellence and research potential.

The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Doctoral Scholarships

The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation offers doctoral scholarships to outstanding Canadian and international students pursuing a PhD in the social sciences and humanities. The scholarship provides up to $60,000 annually for up to four years and includes a travel and networking allowance. Applicants must demonstrate academic excellence, leadership skills, and a commitment to public engagement.

How to Apply for PhD Scholarships in Canada

Finding the right PhD scholarship in Canada may seem daunting, but several resources are available to help you. Applying for a scholarship in Canada is a relatively straightforward process, but it can differ depending on your program and institution. Here's a basic breakdown of the scholarship application process:

However, applying for a regular scholarship and a PhD scholarship can be slightly different. Here are a few things to remember when applying for a PhD.

Check Your University's Website

First, explore the websites of the universities you're interested in attending, as many offer their own scholarships and financial aid packages.

Check the Scholarship Organizations' Websites

Additionally, check out the websites of major Canadian scholarship organizations, such as the Canadian government's scholarship portal , the Canadian Bureau for International Education (CBIE), and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC).

When applying for PhD scholarships in Canada, it's essential to carefully review the eligibility criteria and application requirements for each opportunity. Be sure to submit all required documents, including transcripts, letters of reference, and a well-crafted research proposal or statement of purpose. Keep track of application deadlines and give yourself ample time to complete the application process. 

Choose the Right Program and Supervisor

Before applying for a PhD in Canada, it's essential to research different programs and universities to find the best fit for your research interests and career goals. Additionally, you'll need to identify a potential supervisor who shares your research interests and can provide the support and guidance you'll need throughout your PhD journey.

Ensure You Have The Right Documents

The right documents are vital to ensuring a smooth application process. You must check your university or organization's website to ensure you have all the required documents as many. However, most PhD programs in Canada require the following:

Academic Transcripts

Applicants must provide official transcripts from all post-secondary institutions attended.

Letters of Reference

Applicants must provide letters of reference from academic or professional references who can speak to their academic abilities and research potential.

Research Proposal or Statement of Purpose 

Applicants must provide a research proposal or statement of purpose outlining their research interests, motivation for pursuing a PhD, and career goals.

Standardized Test Scores

Some programs like the GRE or GMAT may require standardized test scores.

Language Proficiency

International students may need proof of English proficiency, such as CELPIP or IELTS .

It's essential to research the application requirements for each program carefully and ensure that all documents are submitted by the deadline. Additionally, it is essential to reach out to potential supervisors and faculty members to express your interest in the program and seek their guidance throughout the application process.

Prepare a Strong Research Proposal

Your research proposal is crucial to your PhD application, as it demonstrates your ability to think critically, conduct independent research, and communicate your ideas effectively. Be sure to clearly outline your research question, methodology, and expected outcomes, while demonstrating your familiarity with relevant literature in your field.

Highlight Your Academic Achievements and Research Experience

When applying for a PhD in Canada, you must showcase your academic accomplishments and research experience. Be sure to include details of any publications, conference presentations, or research projects you've been involved in.

Obtain Strong Letters of Reference

Letters play a vital role in your PhD application, providing insight into your academic and personal qualities. Be sure to ask for letters from professors or supervisors who can speak to your intellectual abilities, research potential, and work ethic. 

Prepare for Interviews

If you're shortlisted for a PhD program or scholarship, you may be invited to participate in an interview. Be prepared to discuss your research proposal, previous research experience, and motivation for pursuing a PhD in Canada. It's also essential to familiarize yourself with the university, program, and supervisor, as you may be asked about your reasons for choosing them. If you're unsure if your Canadian interview skills are up to scratch, here's a handy guide to interviews in Canada

Top Universities in Canada for PhD programs

How to Find and Contact Potential Supervisors while Applying for MS in Canada/US

• June 14, 2021
• Post graduate , Study Abroad

The majority of Masters (MS) programs in Canada require securing a potential supervisor in your desired field of studies  prior to submitting an application . If you are particularly keen on pursuing a thesis-based or research-based Master’s program, this is kind of mandatory. In fact, even if you are looking for MS at the top universities in the US, contacting potential supervisors is recommended. In this post, we will discuss how to find and contact potential supervisors while applying for MS in Canada (or US).

Why is it important to contact supervisors prior to submitting an application?

A supervisor is a professor (or faculty member) who oversees your research and the development of your thesis. They provide mentorship, support, and guidance throughout your Master’s program. 

Your relationship with your supervisor will be one of the most important factors contributing to the success of your graduate studies.

Taking the time to find a supervisor who will complement your research and learning style will help to ensure the success of this relationship.

Your master’s thesis or dissertation is an important component of your degree program. Additionally, it will also shape your future job prospects. Read How to Choose a Master’s Dissertation (Thesis) Topic to Improve Job Prospects .

So, by all means, you should make sure if you are going to work with the right mentor.

Do all Masters Program in Canada Require Contacting Supervisors Before Submitting an Application?

Every department at Canadian universities has different admissions procedures. While some will expect you to connect with a potential supervisor prior to applying, others will assign a supervisor to you after you have been accepted.

Make sure to carefully read the requirements of the program into which you are applying, available on the departmental website, to find out the supervisory procedures for that department. If it is unclear, contact the  Graduate Program Director  to clarify.

For coursework-based and professional Master’s programs, usually, you don’t need to contact potential supervisors. So, the best way forward would be to contact the department/program graduate coordinator to determine if having a supervisor before you apply is required for your program.

Your graduate or course coordinator will be able to answer questions about program requirements, the admission process, supplemental materials, and funding opportunities.

This video will help you as you prepare to research, contact, and select a supervisor for your graduate studies.

How to Find Potential Supervisors for MS?

Start with asking yourself questions about your own research interests and learning style:.

• What topics of research do I want to explore? Why do I find a particular topic or area of study interesting? How familiar am I with this topic?
• What skills and knowledge do I have that complement my research interests? What expert knowledge do I want to acquire? What skills do I want to enhance or develop?
• What level of supervision do I thrive under when completing independent learning? Am I an independent learner and worker, or do I require more supervisor involvement and guidance?

These questions will help you understand your personal needs as a graduate student. It is important that both the student and supervisor are able to communicate clearly and to understand roles, responsibilities, and expectations.

Once you’ve determined your field of study, and, if the graduate program of your interest requires securing a potential supervisor at pre-admission stage, you can begin your search. 

What to look for in Potential Supervisors?

By looking at a Faculty member’s CV and talking to them as well as to their current and former students, you can get a good idea as to who might be the best supervisor for you. 

A good supervisor should be able to provide you with some direction, while allowing you to take initiative. There are a number of factors that can promote a successful supervisory relationship. These include:

• Expertise : Are they working on your area of research?
• Experience:  Have they supervised many students before?
• Availability : Will they be available to meet with you when you need them?
• Research agenda : How active is their research?
• Publishing:  How often do they publish? Do they co-author with other professors in the department or with students?
• Collegiality and interpersonal relationship:  How well will you get on with each other?

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to identify potential supervisors or MS in Canada/US:

• Browse the Program Pages of your target/shortlisted universities to identify the department in which your research of interest is taking place.
• Faculty profiles or websites will often provide details about conference participation, course instruction, publications, and CVs.
• Create a shortlist of potential supervisors from the Faculty members working in your area. In comparing them, try to identify who would be the ideal supervisor for you both in terms of research interests and teaching/learning style.
• Review Faculty member research profiles to locate potential supervisors with research interests similar to your own. Check Departmental websites under the menu heading ‘Faculty’.
• Think laterally – if you don’t find what you’re looking for in one department, look at the research profiles of Faculty in related fields.
• Consider how your research interests and experience may intersect with a faculty member’s and identify opportunities to expand your knowledge in the desired area.
• Use your findings to further refine the list of potential supervisors to explore further.

How to Contact Potential Supervisors for MS?

• Review the faculty member’s information online and become familiar with their research. Consider their publications as well as those of their graduate students.
• Write a concise introductory email to the faculty member you would like to work with. Introduce yourself, your academic credentials (GPA, academic awards, research experience, etc.), the kind of research you would like to pursue, and the reason for it.
• Few universities (e.g. Queen’s or Lethbridge) have got specific forms for contacting potential supervisors.
• Use formal salutations (“Dr./Professor” followed by the last name) and close (“Yours sincerely” followed by your name and contact information). Attach your current CV and transcripts.
• It is advisable to have a CV/Resume prepared with your educational history, research interests, and CV/Resume highlights (e.g., work experience, scholarships, publications, and conference papers) to aid you as you fill in the contact form. 
• If you have your own funding (e.g., external scholarship), specify the source and amount you have been awarded.
• Advise them you are going to apply for a graduate program at the university and ask if s/he might be interested in serving as your supervisor for a program.
• Ask for further discussion by phone, video conference, or in-person (if possible).
• If you don’t receive an immediate response, do not be discouraged. Faculty members might just need some time to review and get back to you, especially in the middle of a busy semester or during the summer if they are in the field or away at a conference.
• After contacting a potential supervisor, please allow 5 business days for the faculty member to respond. Faculty members are very busy and it may take time for them to respond to your email.

How to Increase the Chances of Getting Response from Potential Supervisors?

• While sending the email, stress how your interests align and why you’d like to join the professor’s research group.
• Be specific. Send a specific email that makes it clear you know the area of research of the potential supervisor and that it aligns with your interests.
• You should understand the potential supervisor’s research and read their recent publications. In the email, you must clearly express interest in some areas of that research.
• Gain as much relevant project and/or lab experience as possible. This will help you find out how you like to learn and conduct research. Then, you can search for potential supervisors who match your learning and working styles.
• Tailor your email to the individual recipient and do not send a general email to multiple faculty members. Ideally, you should not reach out to more than three professors in the same department. Professors within the same department are likely to discuss the resumes.
• Talk to current grad students and/or recent alumni (who are working with your shortlisted potential supervisors) to discuss their research, workloads, working experience with supervisors, the application process, etc.
• Do follow up if you don’t receive a reply after one week

Example of Email for Contacting Potential Supervisors

Dear Dr. Smith,

I am a prospective graduate student at the University of XX. I am in my final year of the undergraduate program in Biology with a focus on plant breeding research. My GPA is 86% and my TOEFL iBT is 100.

My current research project for my master’s program is in canola breeding for fungus disease resistance and I have just submitted a co-authored article which was accepted by XXX. I have attached a brief research interest statement with more details. I was reading about recent work in genetically modified wheat on the website and it looks very interesting. I am interested in building upon my master’s experience and expanding my research into related areas. I have attached a copy of my C.V. for your review.

I wish to begin MS in XX in September YYYY and would be very interested in working under your supervision. I would appreciate if you could review the attached documents and let me know what the possibilities might be.  

Yours Sincerely,

Related Articles:

4 Common Mistakes to Avoid While Applying to US and Canada for MS Programs

How to Contact Potential Supervisors for PhD in STEM fields

Sources: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 .

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• Phd in Canada

Home » Admissions » Phd in Canada

Why Study Ph.D. in Canada?

Let’s Look at the Numbers!

• As per QS World University Rankings 2023, 3 Canadian universities are in the top 50 list – the University of Toronto (Rank 34) ,  McGill University (Rank 31) and the University of British Columbia (Rank 47) .
• In Canada, the University sector is the 2nd largest research driver in the country after the private sector.
• Fortune Magazine has named Toronto the best international city to live in.

Following are some reasons to study PhD in Canada for international students:

Globally Recognized Degree : There are 3-4 universities in Canada for PhD that rank among the top 150 in the world. These top-ranked Canadian universities provide world-class research facilities as well as teachers with the most up-to-date academic expertise.

Post-study opportunity : After completing your Ph.D. programs in Canada, you can stay for up to three years through the PGWPP. After which you can apply for permanent residency in Canada.

Affordability : In Canada, the cost of earning a Ph.D. ranges from 4,000 to 19,000 CAD. When compared to other destinations to study abroad such as the United States and the United Kingdom, this is significantly low.

Scholarships : There are a number of Ph.D. scholarships in Canada for international students. Ontario Trillium Scholarships, Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships, Ontario Graduate Scholarships, and others are among the most popular scholarships. Some of these scholarships include a yearly stipend of 15,000 to 40,000 Canadian dollars.

Work-study opportunities : During the academic year, PhD students in Canada can work for 10 hours every week. This enables you to fund and sustain your everyday costs while learning and getting experience in the field.

Ph.D. in Canada: Highlights

Academic year for ph.d. in canada.

The academic year in Canada begins from September to April, but semester dates vary by province and university.

Top Canadian University Rankings for Ph.D. in Canada

Universities within canadian provinces and territories.

Because of its huge geographic size and colonial past, Canada has evolved a federal structure consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Provinces are self-governing sovereign entities (equivalent to states in the United States), whereas territories are governed by the federal government.

Here is the list of the 10 Canadian provinces:

• British Columbia
• New Brunswick
• Nova Scotia
• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Prince Edward Island
• Saskatchewan

Best Cities to Study in Canada

Here is the list of some best cities to study in Canada:

• Study in Montreal
• Study in Québec City
• Study in Edmonton
• Study in Vancouver
• Study in Toronto

Research Universities and Graduate Schools

In Canada, there are approximately 100 research universities. These universities frequently hold their doctoral programs in specialized graduate schools that have all of the necessary resources and expertise to let students complete advanced postgraduate (or ‘graduate’) degrees. Depending on how they are funded, Canadian universities can be either public or private. Public universities (the majority) are funded by their respective provinces or territories and tend to provide a broader range of academic options, including doctoral programs. Private universities are smaller as well as more specialized and are sponsored by third-party sources.

Are You Planning to Pursue Ph.D. in Canada? Click Here to Book Your Free 1-On-1 Session with Experts

Eligibility criteria for ph.d. programs in canada.

As a PhD aspirant, you need to properly network with a professor (supervisor, mentor) who has accepted to supervise your research and thesis work. The first step is to send out networking letters to professors whose areas of expertise match your interests and then wait for their reply.

A student who wants to pursue PhD programs in Canada must meet the eligibility criteria mentioned below:

• Master’s degree with excellent academic records
• Strong GRE or GMAT score
• Scores of language proficiency test:
• TOEFL: 100 (iBT) , 600 (pBT)

Know more about Entry Requirements for Canadian Universities .

Powerful Reasons to Study in Canada

Related Blog: Top Reasons to Study in Canada .

Popular Ph.D. Courses in Canada

Following is the list of popular courses to study Ph.D. in Canada for Indian students:

• Natural Sciences & Mathematics
• Social Sciences
• Medicine & Health
• Business & Management
• Engineering & Technology
• PhD in computer science in Canada
• Agriculture & Forestry
• Applied Sciences
• Environment and Earth Sciences

Cost of Education for Ph.D. in Canada

Financial aid is available from universities as part of acceptance to Ph.D. programs. This financial aid can come as graduate assistantships in varied forms, including teaching and research assistantships, fellowships, and/or tuition waivers.

The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship award, for example, comes in at CA$50,000 (~US$37,210) per year for highly qualified international and local Ph.D. students in the fields of social sciences and/or humanities, natural sciences and/or engineering and health.

The  Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation doctoral scholarships award $40,000 (~US$29,770) per year for three years to Canadian citizens and foreign students -with applications particularly welcomed from students from developing countries.

The University of British Columbia Four Year Doctoral Fellowship meanwhile, provides a stipend of at least CA$18,200 (~US$13,545) per year plus full tuition for outstanding international/home doctoral students for all four years of their studies.

Ph.D. Course Duration in Canada

Some Ph.D. programs in Canada last 2-3 years, while others last up to ten years, it is heavily dependent on the type of university you will attend and the field you will pursue.

• Management: 4 years
• Accounting: 4 years
• Organization Studies: 5 years
• Finance: 4-5 years
• Industrial Engineering: 4 years
• Civil Engineering: 3 years
• Philosophy: 4 years
• Social Sciences: 4 years
• Anthropology: 2-3 years
• IT: 3-4 years

PhD Program Structure

The doctorate in Canada is typically the last ‘terminal degree,’ or the greatest level of academic certification that a student can achieve after earning a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree.

Along with the traditional academic Ph.D., a variety of doctoral degrees are offered, including professional doctorates such as the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) and Doctor of Education (EdD).

Supervision and Research for Ph.D. in Canada

Your Ph.D. will be completed under the supervision of at least one academic supervisor. They’ll be an expert in your overall subject and field. Other members of your graduate school may assist you with supervision and training, especially if your degree requires additional classes and coursework. The completion of a Ph.D. thesis will be the primary criterion of your degree. If you are pursuing a professional doctorate degree, such as a DBA or an EdD, you will have to concentrate on practical work and case studies along with your academic research. A thesis will still be required, although it may be shorter and complemented by other resources.

Assessment and Examination for Ph.D. in Canada

The originality and quality of your doctoral thesis are the major factors for evaluating a Canadian Ph.D.

After you submit your thesis, it will be read and considered by a committee of examiners (which will include at least one external expert). After that, you’ll have a verbal presentation of your thesis.

This process may be slightly more involved than viva voce, which is commonly done in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Instead of discussing your work in a room,’ you may be expected to give a presentation about your research before being questioned about its content and significance.

The examiners will next meet separately to determine whether or not you performed well on the examination and if you have performed well then you will be awarded your PhD.

Admission Requirements for Ph.D. in Canada

A Master’s degree in a relevant field is usually the minimal PhD requirement in Canada. PhD admission in Canada can be quite tough. Students frequently take classes and modules together, and graduate institutions only accept a specific number of students each year. This means that your previous academic achievements will be examined carefully.

GPA Scores for Ph.D. in Canada

Instead of just providing your final degree result, you will be asked to offer a Grade Point Average (GPA) score. The GPA system is widely used in the United States and Canada (as well as a few other nations), although it is less widespread in the United Kingdom and Europe. It gives you a more comprehensive picture of your total performance over the course of your studies.

A GPA of 3.0 or better is usually required for admission to a Canadian PhD program.

Graduate Admissions Tests for Ph.D. in Canada

As part of your application, you may be asked to submit a score from the Graduate Records Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT). This allows universities to evaluate applicants’ readiness for higher graduate work and, in some cases, choose between candidates with similar academic histories.

Specific criteria (and expected scores) differ per university and graduate school, so double-check ahead of time.

Language Requirements for Ph.D. in Canada

You can consider the following language proficiency test for pursuing a Ph.D. program in Canada:

Student Visas in Canada

Canada is a kind and friendly country that is keen to attract international students. Its student visa and immigration systems reflect this. To enter Canada as a student and stay for your PhD, you’ll typically require two documents: • Electronic travel authorization • Study Permit

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Applying for an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA)

The majority of overseas students will require permission for studying in Canada. You can obtain this by submitting an application for an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA). This document serves as your visa, allowing you to enter Canada. The application process for an eTA is convenient and it is done online.

Along with your passport information and payment details, you would need to pay a fee of CAD 7 It’s important to note that while your eTA permits you to enter Canada, it doesn’t give you the right to stay there for the duration of your PhD. To do so, you must first apply for your Study Permit.

Cotutelle Programs in Canada

In addition to the traditional Ph.D. process, several Canadian universities collaborate with other international schools to offer a ‘cotutelle’ (French for ‘co-tutored’) route to a Ph.D. These programs require students to spend time at two distinct universities, each of which supervises, examines, and awards the Ph.D. project. A cotutelle agreement, unlike some other joint PhDs, is usually tailored to the student’s thesis rather than a long-term cooperation between two (or more) universities.

This option may or may not be available at each Canadian university. It is recommended to contact the University for More Information.

A Sneak Peek into the Ph.D. Application Process in Canada

The following documents are required:

• College Transcripts
• Detailed Resume
• Scanned Copy of the Passport
• Some universities additionally ask for a research proposal
• Application Form
• Statement of Purpose
• Letters of Recommendation

Learn more on How to Apply for PhD Abroad .

Intake & Application Deadlines for PhD in Canada

Canadian PhDs follow a 3-semester deadline system

• Fall (September to December)
• Winter (January to April)
• Summer (May to August)

The funding available to study in Canada is maximized for autumn, so it is preferred over the other two-semester intakes. The deadlines are different for all universities; nonetheless, the commencement dates for applications are more or less in September.

Know more about the Upcoming Intake to Study in Canada .

Student Visa Terms and Provisions for PhD in Canada

International students need study permits to pursue their PhD in Canada. You must submit a visa application online, and submit relevant documents to the VFS office. Additionally, an acceptance letter from the specific department of your university, proof of adequate funds, and a cover letter to the Canadian High Commission are also required.

Usually, students need to commit to specific hours of teaching or research as part of their assistantships and are generally not allowed to preoccupy themselves with any other form of employment on or off campus. Post-degree, a work permit must be applied for within 90 days and the student must carry a valid study permit to acquire this work permit.

Related Blog: Things to Consider Before Pursuing a Ph.D Abroad

How to Apply for Ph.D. in Canada?

Decide the type of ph.d. course you want to pursue.

You can pursue structured or open Ph.D. programs in Canada. The research studies for the Structured Ph.D. program are determined by the university. For an Open Ph.D., you must propose and outline your own research subject. You must choose a supervisor for one of the two courses who will guide you through the research process. Some colleges may require a letter of support from your supervisor in addition to your application.

Submit Research Outline

If you want to pursue open PhD programs in Canada, you’ll need to submit a research proposal outlining the scope of your subject and its relevance in today’s world. The proposal must be written in accordance with the university’s research requirements.

Apply Online and Submit Relevant Documents

Submit your application online with the university of your choice and pay the application fees. While submitting your application, make sure that you are submitting all the required documents in the correct sequence and order. Following is the list of documents that are generally required for PhD courses in Canada:

• Academic transcripts
• Score of language proficiency test
• Portfolios (if required)

Give the Interview

Some universities in Canada conduct virtual interviews before selecting you.

Get Your Study Permit

After receiving your letter of acceptance you must start applying for a study permit. Following is the list of documents required for applying for study permit in Canada:

• Health insurance
• Proof of sufficient funds
• Medical certificate
• Acceptance letter from the university
• Language proficiency test results
• The intention of leaving back to home country

Tuition Fees for Ph.D. in Canada for Indian Students

Fees for Ph.D. programs in Canada typically range from CAD $2,500 to $17,000 per year, while certain programs of Ph.D. in Canada cost up to CAD $25,000.

Recent Fee Changes for International Students

From 2018, local and international Ph.D. students at the University of Toronto will be charged the same fees. This implies that you’ll pay the same as a local Canadian student for your Ph.D.

Brock University has started covering international Ph.D. expenses through its own grants.

Following is the list of Ph.D. fees in Canada at the top universities:

Ph.D. in Canada Scholarships

There are a number of top universities in Canada for PhD. Following is the list of most renowned scholarships to study PhD in Canada for Indian students:

• Ontario Trillium Scholarship: 40,000 CAD a year (renewable)
• Ontario Graduate Scholarship: 15,000 CAD
• Robert Hartog Graduate Scholarship: 5,000 CAD (renewable)
• UAlberta Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship: 45,000 CAD (for two years)
• The University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship: 18,000 CAD per year
• UBC four-year Doctoral Scholarship: 18,200 CAD per year (stipend)
• Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Doctoral Scholarship: 40,000 CAD
• Ontario Graduate Fellowship: 12,000 CAD (renewable)
• Hira and Renu Ahuja International Graduate Scholarship: 20,000 CAD

So, these were some Ph.D. scholarships in Canada.

Government Scholarships for Indian Students in Canada

Following is the list of government scholarships to study PhD in Canada for Indian students:

• IDRC Research Awards
• Vanier Graduate Scholarships
• Ontario Trillium

Non – Government Scholarships for PhD in Canada

Following is the list of non-government scholarships to study PhD in Canada for Indian students:

• Anne Vale Ecological Fund
• Canada Memorial
• Trudeau Scholarship & Fellowship

Other Funding Opportunities for PhD in Canada

Teaching/Research Assistantship : In a research assistantship, you would have to assist a faculty member with data collection, lab organization, report writing, analysis, and other tasks.

Work-Study : With a study permit, you can work for ten hours per week while pursuing your PhD in Canada. The government sets the salaries for part-time employment to ensure that everyone receives a minimum wage.

Ph.D. in Canada Without IELTS

English proficiency is required for Ph.D. admission in Canada. Most major colleges require EILTS, while many university courses do not require IELTS scores.

Following is the list of some universities that allow students to pursue PhD in Canada without IELTS:

• University of Winnipeg
• University of Saskatchewan
• University of Regina
• Brock University
• Memorial University

Ph.D. in Canada Without GRE

Despite the fact that many institutions require GRE scores for Ph.D. admission in Canada but there are some universities in Canada that do not require GRE scores. Following is the list of some universities that allow students to pursue Ph.D. in Canada without the GRE:

• Trent University
• Lake head University
• Laval University
• Carleton University
• Royal Roads University
• Laurentian University

Ph.D. in Canada Without GMAT

A GMAT score is required for pursuing Ph.D. in management in Canada. The GMAT is needed by nearly all major universities. On the other hand, several universities do not require the scores of GMAT.

Following is the list of some universities that allow students to pursue PhD in Canada without GMAT:

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Can I work in Canada after my PhD?

Yes. You’ll be a strong candidate for a variety of jobs in, research and other fields as a PhD graduate. Furthermore, Canada will be eager to keep you, and the country’s post-study immigration system is geared to make that option as appealing as possible. The post-graduation work permit (PGWP) allows international graduates of Canadian universities to reside and work in the country for up to three years after receiving their doctorate degree.

Is college cheaper than university in Canada?

College is usually less expensive than university. This is because college programs are typically shorter than university ones, and universities are generally held in higher regard. Your decision between college and university is largely influenced by the type of career you wish to follow. The tuition fee in Universities per year generally ranges between CAD 25 – 40K for Bachelor’s degree programs, whereas the tuition fee at colleges generally ranges between CAD 12K and 25K.

Do Indian students get scholarships in Canada

The Government of Canada and many post-secondary schools provide students with various sorts of scholarship awards, grants, or bursaries to help them pay for their studies. This attracts a big number of Indian students who wish to pursue higher education and a better quality of life in Canada.

How much percentage is required to earn a scholarship in Canada?

To be considered for a scholarship, a candidate must have scored at least 80% in their class 12 examination. In addition, the candidate’s parent’s annual income should not exceed Rs. 4.5 lacs.

Which language proficiency test should I consider for pursuing PhD in Canada?

Below is the list of the most renowned language proficiency test that you can consider for pursuing PhD in Canada:

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FHS PhD candidate wins national research excellence award

by Sharon Mah

PhD candidate Aniqa Shahid has won the Canadian Association for HIV Research’s (CAHR) New Investigator Award for Basic Sciences!

The award is given to the top young HIV basic sciences researcher in Canada who presents their work at CAHR’s annual conference.

This year, Shahid presented the findings from her recently published paper, “The replication-competent HIV reservoir is a genetically restricted, younger subset of the overall pool of HIV proviruses persisting during therapy, which is highly genetically stable over time” (link ) 

Modern antiretroviral therapies that are used to treat HIV are incredibly effective, but these medications must be taken for life. This is because HIV persists in the body even during long-term treatment. The copies of HIV that persist are called the "viral reservoir." Shahid's research seeks to understand reservoir evolutionary dynamics – that is, when these HIV copies first entered the reservoir and how long they persist there. Understanding this is critical to developing an HIV cure.

In her award-winning study, Shahid reconstructed HIV's within-host evolutionary histories in seven women living with the virus, and leveraged this information to understand their viral reservoirs. She found that participants viral reservoirs preserved HIV copies of a wide range of ages, from very old HIV sequences that entered the reservoir shortly after infection, to "younger" ones that were created around the time of therapy initiation. But, many of these persisting HIV copies, particularly the older ones, were genetically defective. In contrast, when Shahid specifically examined replication-competent viruses that emerged from the reservoir when HIV therapy was interrupted, she found that these were a genetically restricted and overall "younger" subset of HIV sequences. The key implication of this research is that HIV cure strategies may need to eliminate a reservoir that differs in key respects from the overall pool of HIV sequences that persist in the body.

Shahid was one of five new investigators honoured at the 33 rd Canadian Conference on HIV/AIDS Research recently held in London, Ontario. The New Investigator Award recognizes promising new researchers in the areas of basic sciences, clinical sciences, epidemiology and public health, social sciences, and key populations research tracks.

Aniqa Shahid is supervised by FHS professor and British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS Laboratory Director, Zabrina Brumme.