find a phd 2021

U.S. News Education Rankings Grad Schools

U.S. News Best Graduate Schools rankings are designed to help prospective students research more than 2,000 graduate programs.

Read the methodology

Business Schools

Law Schools

Medical Schools

Engineering Schools

Nursing Schools

Education Schools

Fine Arts Schools

Health Schools

Library and Information Studies Schools

Public Affairs Schools

Science Schools

Social Sciences and Humanities Schools

Top Business Schools

Earning an MBA or another master's degree in business can help prospective students advance their careers in the public and private sectors. U.S. News weighs factors such as employment rates, student selectivity and reputation to rank the top graduate business schools.

2024 Best Business Schools

• # 1 Stanford University  (tie)
• # 1 University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)  (tie)
• # 3 Northwestern University (Kellogg)  (tie)
• # 3 University of Chicago (Booth)  (tie)

2024 Part-time MBA

• # 1 University of Chicago (Booth)
• # 2 University of California, Berkeley (Haas)
• # 3 Northwestern University (Kellogg)

MBA Programs

Executive MBA

MBA Specialties

Business Analytics

Entrepreneurship

Information Systems

International

Production / Operations

Project Management

Real Estate

Supply Chain / Logistics

Top Law Schools

Students interested in pursuing a legal career can find a wide range of options among the law schools accredited fully by the American Bar Association. U.S. News factors in data on reputation, LSAT scores, job placement success and more when ranking the top law schools.

2024 Best Law Schools

• # 1 Yale University  (tie)
• # 3 University of Chicago

2024 Part-time Law

• # 1 Georgetown University
• # 2 Fordham University
• # 3 George Washington University

Law Programs and Specialties

Business/Corporate Law

Clinical Training

Constitutional Law

Contracts/Commercial Law

Criminal Law

Dispute Resolution

Environmental Law

Health Care Law

Intellectual Property Law

International Law

Legal Writing

Trial Advocacy

Top Medical Schools

Students who dream of donning a white coat can explore separate rankings of the top medical schools for primary care and research. To produce the rankings, U.S. News collects data on student selectivity, faculty resources and more from both allopathic and osteopathic medical schools.

2023-2024 Best Medical Schools: Research

• # 1 Harvard University
• # 2 Johns Hopkins University
• # 3 University of Pennsylvania (Perelman)

2023-2024 Best Medical Schools: Primary Care

• # 1 University of Washington
• # 2 University of Minnesota
• # 3 Oregon Health and Science University

Medical Programs and Specialties

Anesthesiology

Family Medicine

Internal Medicine

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Most Diverse Medical Schools

Most Graduates Practicing in Medically Underserved Areas

Most Graduates Practicing in Primary Care Fields

Most Graduates Practicing in Rural Areas

Top Engineering Schools

Engineers can build on the skills they learned as undergraduates with advanced degrees in areas ranging from biomedical engineering to nuclear engineering. U.S. News weighs factors such as reputation, research activity and student selectivity to rank the top graduate engineering schools.

2023-2024 Best Engineering Schools

Engineers can build on their skills with advanced degrees.

• # 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• # 2 Stanford University
• # 3 University of California, Berkeley

Engineering Programs and Specialties

Aerospace / Aeronautical / Astronautical Engineering

Biological / Agricultural Engineering

Biomedical Engineering / Bioengineering

Chemical Engineering

Civil Engineering

Computer Engineering

Electrical / Electronic / Communications Engineering

Environmental / Environmental Health Engineering

Industrial / Manufacturing / Systems Engineering

Materials Engineering

Mechanical Engineering

Nuclear Engineering

Petroleum Engineering

Top Nursing Schools

Nurses are increasingly encouraged to earn a graduate degree to enhance their knowledge of patient care and advance in a rapidly evolving field. U.S. News factors in data on reputation, faculty resources and more when ranking the top nursing master's programs and the top Doctor of Nursing Practice programs.

2024 Best Nursing Schools: Master's

• # 1 Emory University (Woodruff)  (tie)
• # 1 Johns Hopkins University  (tie)
• # 3 Duke University

2024 Best Nursing Schools: Doctor of Nursing Practice

• # 1 Johns Hopkins University
• # 2 George Mason University
• # 3 Duke University  (tie)
• # 3 University of Washington  (tie)

Nursing Programs

Schools ranked in these areas may offer programs at the master's and/or DNP level

Nursing-Anesthesia

Nursing-Midwifery

Nursing Specialties

DNP Leadership

DNP Nurse Practitioner: Adult / Gerontology, Acute Care

DNP Nurse Practitioner: Adult / Gerontology, Primary Care

DNP Nurse Practitioner: Family

DNP Nurse Practitioner: Psychiatric / Mental Health, Across the Lifespan

Master's Nurse Practitioner: Adult / Gerontology, Acute Care

Master's Nurse Practitioner: Adult / Gerontology, Primary Care

Master's Nurse Practitioner: Family

Master's Nurse Practitioner: Psychiatric / Mental Health, Across the Lifespan

Master's Nursing Administration

Top Education Schools

Educators, including those who want to move into leadership positions, may find it necessary to earn a graduate degree to achieve their career goals. U.S. News weighs factors such as faculty resources, reputation and research activity to rank the top graduate education schools.

2024 Best Education Schools

Educators can earn a graduate degree to achieve their career goals.

• # 1 Teachers College, Columbia University  (tie)
• # 1 University of Wisconsin--Madison  (tie)
• # 3 University of California--Los Angeles  (tie)

Education Programs and Specialties

Curriculum and Instruction

Educational Administration and Supervision

Educational Psychology

Education Policy

Elementary Teacher Education

Higher Education Administration

Secondary Teacher Education

Special Education

Student Counseling and Personnel Services

Top Fine Arts Schools

Artists interested in pursuing a master's degree in fine arts can explore a wide range of schools offering programs in areas such as graphic design, photography and sculpture. The U.S. News fine arts programs rankings are based solely on opinions of each program's quality as rated by academic experts at peer institutions.

Best Best Fine Arts Programs Schools

Pursue a master's degree in fine arts by exploring a wide range of schools

• # 1 University of California--Los Angeles
• # 2 School of the Art Institute of Chicago  (tie)
• # 2 Yale University  (tie)

Fine Arts Specialties

Graphic Design

Painting / Drawing

Photography

Printmaking

Time-Based Media / New Media

Top Health Schools

Graduate degrees in health cover a range of fields, from audiology to veterinary medicine. The U.S. News rankings of graduate health programs are based solely on ratings of each program's quality by academics.

Health Specialty Rankings

Clinical Psychology

Health Care Management

Occupational Therapy

Physical Therapy

Physician Assistant

Public Health

Rehabilitation Counseling

Social Work

Speech-Language Pathology

Veterinary Medicine

Top Library and Information Studies Schools

Students who wish to become librarians generally must earn a graduate degree in the field. The U.S. News rankings of library and information studies master's programs are based solely on opinions of each program's quality as rated by academic experts at peer institutions.

Best Best Library and Information Studies Programs Schools

Future librarians need a graduate degree in the field.

• # 1 University of Illinois--Urbana-Champaign
• # 2 University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill  (tie)
• # 2 University of Washington  (tie)

Library and Information Studies Specialties

Archives and Preservation

Digital Librarianship

Health Librarianship

School Library Media

Services for Children and Youth

Top Public Affairs Schools

Earning a master's degree in public affairs and administration can help prepare students for leadership roles in government, the nonprofit sector or a related field. The U.S. News rankings of public affairs programs are based solely on opinions of each program's quality as rated by academic experts at peer institutions.

Best Best Public Affairs Programs Schools

Earn a master's degree in public affairs can help prepare for leadership roles.

• # 1 Syracuse University
• # 2 Indiana University--Bloomington
• # 3 Harvard University

Public Affairs Specialties

Environmental Policy and Management

Health Policy and Management

Homeland Security and Emergency Management

Information and Technology Management

International Global Policy and Administration

Local Government Management

Nonprofit Management

Public Finance and Budgeting

Public Management and Leadership

Public Policy Analysis

Social Policy

Urban Policy

Top Science Schools

Students interested in furthering their knowledge of the sciences can explore programs ranging from chemistry to physics. The U.S. News graduate science rankings are based solely on ratings of each program's quality by academics.

Science Specialty Rankings

Biological Sciences

Biostatistics

Computer Science

Earth Sciences

Mathematics

Top Social Sciences and Humanities Schools

Graduate programs ranked in the social sciences and the humanities range from economics to sociology. The U.S. News rankings are based solely on ratings of each program's quality by academics.

Social Sciences and Humanities Specialty Rankings

Criminology

Political Science

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics

• All previous cycle years

The SED is an annual census of research doctorate recipients from U.S. academic institutions that collects information on educational history, demographic characteristics, graduate funding source and educational debts, and postgraduation plans.

Survey Info

• tag for use when URL is provided --> Methodology
• tag for use when URL is provided --> Data
• tag for use when URL is provided --> Analysis

The SED is an annual census conducted since 1957 of all individuals receiving a research doctorate from an accredited U.S. institution in a given academic year. The SED is sponsored by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics within the National Science Foundation and by three other federal agencies: the National Institutes of Health, Department of Education, and National Endowment for the Humanities. The SED collects information on the doctoral recipient's educational history, demographic characteristics, graduate funding source and educational debts, and postgraduation plans. Results are used to assess characteristics of the doctoral population and trends in doctoral education and degrees.

Areas of Interest

• STEM Education
• Science and Engineering Workforce

Survey Administration

The 2021 survey was conducted by RTI International under contract to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics.

Survey Details

• Survey Description (PDF 135 KB)

Featured Survey Analysis

Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2021

SED Overview

Data highlights, the number of research doctoral degrees awarded by u.s. institutions in 2021 decreased to 52,250, down from 55,224 in 2020..

Black or African American doctorate recipients were the largest minority group in health sciences and in non-science and engineering fields, particularly in education.

In the News

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Pandemic Led to Historic Drop in U.S. STEM Ph.D. Graduates, New Data Suggest

Methodology, survey description, survey overview (2021 survey cycle).

The SED collects data on the number and characteristics of individuals receiving research doctoral degrees from U.S. academic institutions.

Data collection authority

The information collected by the SED is solicited under the authority of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended, and the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010. The Office of Management and Budget control number is 3145-0019, expiration date 30 April 2022.

Survey contractor

RTI International.

Major changes to recent survey cycle

Changed the SED field of study taxonomy to the modified 2020 Curriculum of Instructional Program (CIP).

Key Survey Information

Initial survey year.

Academic year 1957–58.

Reference period

Academic year 2020–21 (1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021).

Response unit

Individuals.

Sample or census

Population size, sample size.

Not applicable.

Key variables

Key variables of interest are listed below.

• Academic institution of doctorate
• Baccalaureate-origin institution (U.S. and foreign)
• Citizenship status at graduation
• Country of birth and citizenship
• Disability status
• Educational attainment of parents
• Educational history in college
• Field of each degree earned
• Graduate and undergraduate educational debt
• Marital status, as well as the number and age of dependents
• Postgraduation plans (e.g., work, postdoc, other study or training)
• Primary and secondary work activities
• Source and type of financial support for postdoctoral study or research
• Type and location of employer
• Basic annual salary
• Race and ethnicity
• Sources of financial support during graduate school
• Type of academic institution (e.g., historically Black colleges and universities, Carnegie codes, public or private) awarding the doctorate

Survey Design

Target population.

The population for the 2021 SED consists of all individuals receiving a research doctorate from a U.S. academic institution in the 12-month period beginning 1 July 2020 and ending 30 June 2021. A research doctorate is a doctoral degree that (1) requires completion of an original intellectual contribution in the form of a dissertation or an equivalent culminating project (e.g., musical composition) and (2) is not primarily intended as a degree for the practice of a profession. The most common research doctoral degree is the PhD. Recipients of professional doctoral degrees, such as MD, DDS, DVM, JD, DPharm, DMin, and PsyD, are not included in the SED.

Sampling frame

The sampling frame of doctorate recipients is created by first identifying all institutions that confer research doctorates and then identifying all individuals receiving a research doctorate from those institutions in the 12-month period ending 30 June 2021. The list of institutions is based principally on the institutions in the prior survey cycle augmented by any new institutions on the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and other higher education resource databases. The list of doctorate recipients is created from administrative sources such as commencement lists from the institutions and commercial databases of doctorate dissertations. The total universe in 2021 included 52,250 persons from 448 institutions that conferred research doctorates.

Sample design

The SED is a census.

Data Collection and Processing

Data collection.

Two modes of data collection are used in the SED: self-administered Web survey and computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). The self-administered Web survey is the primary mode of SED completion. The proportion of SED completions using the Web has increased each year since it was introduced in 2001, and it reached 97.6% in 2021.

Nonrespondents are contacted by e-mail and mail to complete the Web survey. If the series of follow-up e-mails and mailings is unsuccessful, the survey contractor attempts to reach nonrespondents to complete an abbreviated survey by CATI. Approximately 2.4% of SED completions were from CATI in 2021. At the end of data collection phase, institutional coordinators are contacted to obtain information on a small number of critical SED data items for nonrespondents from their institution.

Data processing

The data collected in the SED are subject to automated editing and coding procedures. Imputation is not performed for missing survey data items except for the month value used in calculation of the age at doctorate and time to degree variables.

Estimation techniques

The survey is a census, which does not require any sampling; weighting is not used to adjust for nonresponse.

Survey Quality Measures

Sampling error.

Not applicable because the SED is a census.

Coverage error

Due to the availability of comprehensive lists of doctorate-granting institutions and the institutions’ high levels of participation in the survey, coverage error of institutions is minimal. Because the graduate schools collect the survey data from degree recipients at the time of doctorate completion, coverage error for the universe of doctorate recipients is also minimal. Comparisons of the institutions and the number of research doctorate recipients covered by the SED with the total number of doctorate recipients (including non-research doctoral degree recipients) reported by institutions to the National Center for Education Statistics confirm that there is minimal coverage error of doctorate recipients. In 2021, 12 doctorate-granting institutions declined to fully enumerate their doctorate recipients for academic year 2021. Information on the graduates for all of these institutions were found from other sources, such as ProQuest.

Nonresponse error

Unit nonresponse.

Of the 52,250 individuals granted a research doctorate in 2021, 91.5% completed the survey. A limited number of SED critical data items (doctoral institution, year of doctorate, field of doctorate, type of doctorate, and, if available, baccalaureate institution, master’s degree institution, and sex) are constructed for nonrespondents from commencement programs, graduation lists, and other similar public records. Nonresponse was concentrated in a small number of institutions, with 22 institutions accounting for 50% of the total unit nonresponse.

Item nonresponse

Among the 52,250 individuals who received a research doctorate in 2021, item nonresponse rates for the five key SED demographic variables—sex, citizenship, country of citizenship, race and ethnicity, and location after graduation—range from 0.0% for sex to 7.9% for location after graduation.

Measurement error

Measurement error in the SED is attributable to several sources, including errors in respondent reporting and errors that occur during data processing. Data reported by respondents about their educational history, including degree institutions and field of study, that are not self-coded within the survey instrument are reviewed and coded by trained coders. Generally, the percentage of responses that require manual coding is low. In 2021, 1.6% of doctorate fields of study were manually coded, as well as 1.8% of associate’s degree fields, 0.7% of bachelor’s degree fields, and 1.3% of master’s degree fields.

Data Comparability

Data availability.

Each year’s survey data are compiled into the Doctorate Records File (DRF) and trend data are available back to 1958; more limited information (sex, institution, field, and year of doctorate) is contained on the DRF for PhDs who graduated in 1920–56.

Data comparability

Because of procedural changes implemented during the 1990 survey cycle to improve the completeness of race, ethnicity, and citizenship data, the data from 1990 and later years are not directly comparable to data before 1990.

In 2021, the education history section was changed to a table format in which respondents can select all the postsecondary degrees received, up to nine degrees. Based on the degrees reported, follow-up questions asked about each type of degree, including any professional doctorate being earned.

Beginning in 2021, field of study and doctorate dissertation field data are collected using a modified version of the 2020 Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) codes. Therefore, the field of study data in 2021 may not be comparable to prior survey cycle data; see the 2021 survey cycle “Technical Notes” at https://ncses.nsf.gov/sed for more information.

Data Products

Publications.

The data from this survey are published annually in the series Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities . Other survey data products are also available at https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorates/#tabs-3 .

Information from the survey is also included in the series Science and Engineering Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients , in Science and Engineering Indicators , and in Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering .

Electronic access

Access to tabular data on selected variables from 1958 onward is available in an interactive data tool from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). Users can create custom tables of the number of doctorate recipients by academic discipline and institutional characteristics of either the doctorate-granting institution or the baccalaureate-granting institution of doctorate recipients. A limited set of demographic characteristics are available to create custom tables by academic discipline. A more comprehensive set of analysis variables are available in the SED Restricted Data Analysis System (RDAS) for the data user to generate custom data tables in a secured platform.

Restricted access

Access to restricted data for researchers interested in analyzing microdata can be arranged through a licensing agreement. For more information, see the NCSES Licensing Page .

Technical Notes

Technical tables, questionnaires, view archived questionnaires, featured analysis.

Survey of Earned Doctorates Field of Study Taxonomy Changes in 2021 and Impact on Trend Data

Related content, related collections, survey contact.

For additional information about this survey or the methodology, contact

Get e-mail updates from NCSES

NCSES is an official statistical agency. Subscribe below to receive our latest news and announcements.

Meet our new PhD students: Autumn 2021

Management Science and Engineering is excited to welcome all new students as we begin the new school year!

As they arrived on campus, we had the pleasure of meeting some of our vibrant, diverse and talented 2021 PhD cohort. The students come from specializations in a variety of fields, such as environmental science, bioengineering, data science, cognitive science, computer science engineering, physics, mathematics and more.

Get to know some of our newest PhD students below:

Meet Enrica Archetti

Hometown: Clusane, Brescia, Italy "I would like to understand better how markets work and make them more accessible."

Get to know Enrica

Meet Adrienne Baer

Hometown: Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania "My research interest aims to understand what drives successful teaming among parties with differing expertise, disciplines, and viewpoints, particularly when groups that are not often invited to the metaphorical 'table' are included."

Get to know Adrienne 

Meet Eduardo Batista

Hometown: São Paulo, Brazil "My life-long mission is to create new possibilities to be present in others’ lives—to touch, move, and inspire them to maximize the potential within themselves, their organizations, and the world."

Get to know Eduardo

Meet Paul Dupenloup

Hometown: San Francisco Bay Area, California "I hope to contribute to knowledge and tools which enable healthcare institutions to do more with their limited resources."

Get to know Paul  

Meet Aldís Elfarsdóttir

Hometown: Palo Alto, California "My mission is to advance and accelerate the implementation socially perceptive and scientifically rigorous climate solutions at local and global levels."

Get to know Aldís  

Meet Marc Eskew

Hometown: Kansas City, Missouri "My entire career has been focused on leadership and interactions between people and the ability to integrate decision and data science into real world processes which has led me to this program."

Get to know Marc  

Meet Monte Fischer

Hometown: South St. Paul, Minnesota "In my field, I would like to obtain an original, insightful, and beautiful result that increases our appreciation of some facet of probability. "

Get to know Monte  

Meet Christopher Flowers

Hometown: Columbia, Maryland "I want to support underrepresented groups interested in entrepreneurship and business ownership."

Get to know Christopher  

Meet Samuel Liu

Hometown: Short Hills, New Jersey "I work to ensure technological advancements deliver meaningful positive impact to the world. This spans a wide range (e.g. climate change, bioethics, etc.), but at Stanford, this means working to make algorithms that are increasingly part of our lives more fair and more just."

Get to know Samuel  

Meet Shahab Mousavi

Hometown: London, Ontario, Canada & Tehran, Iran "I hope to pursue a career in which I can both contribute to my field academically and support upcoming academics & entrepreneurs on their own journey to find their unique way to improve the world and support the next generation of students in the field."

Get to know Shahab

Meet Ali Teshnizi

Hometown: Shahrekord, Iran "The PhD journey is quite unpredictable, but what I have in my mind right now is enabling small businesses to utilize the unprecedented amount of data they are gathering by making novel data analytics tools accessible to them."

More about Ali

Meet Annie (Wanqiao) Xu

Hometown: China "I hope to develop theoretical frameworks that help data-driven decision-making in healthcare, education, energy, management and more."

Get to know Annie  

Meet Haoran Xu

Hometown: Shenyang, China "I would like to apply stochastic optimization to the fields that are important to the world. "

Get to know Haoran  

MS&E Newsletter April 2024

How breakthrough statistical models are helping us reduce our carbon footprint, one building at a time

Symposium inaugurates Center for Computational Market Design

Finding a PhD

Discover the best places to search for your PhD, learn what you should look for and how to approach a potential supervisor for enquires.

Key Resources

Find Your Perfect PhD

Your PhD starts here. Search our database of available projects and read expert advice on finding, applying for and doing a PhD.

Is Doing a PhD Worth It?

Find out how a PhD can benefit you, from improved career prospects to transferable skills and entry into higher education teaching roles.

Supporting Resources

PhD in USA – A Guide for 2020/21

A PhD in USA takes 5-6 years, costs between $12-45k per year and has a different structure to UK and EU PhDs. Find out if a US PhD is for you!

How to Choose a PhD Research Topic

From reading publications, talking to supervisors and using your career plans, read our guidance on choosing the right PhD Research Topic for you.

Gain valuable insight from our collection of exclusive interviews with both current and past PhD students. Learn from their best advice, personal challenges and career path after completing their doctorate.

Universities in Moscow, Russia - Rankings & Reviews -

For business studies see our separate ranking of business schools in Moscow, Russia

• 06 Mar, 2024: Publication of Scimago Institutions Rankings . National Research University Higher School of Economics with highest ranking among universities in Moscow ranked #649.
• 19 Dec, 2023: URAP World Ranking - University Ranking by Academic Performance updated with Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov ranked highest among 13 listed universities in Moscow.
• 05 Dec, 2023: British Quacquarelli Symonds, UK published most recent results of QS World University Rankings: Sustainability . Includes 8 universities from Moscow.
• 27 Oct, 2023: Latest GRAS Global Ranking of Academic Subjects - ShanghaiRanking (Textile Science and Engineering) from ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. 39 universities from Moscow appear in this ranking.

Rankings of universities in Moscow, Russia 2024

Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov

• University rankings (19)

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

• University rankings (20)

National Research University Higher School of Economics

• University rankings (17)

in Business, Computer Science, Medicine, Law, Education, Health... Study at your own pace , conveniently from home .

National Research Nuclear University MEPI

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

Bauman Moscow State Technical University

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

• University rankings (14)

National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"

• University rankings (16)

Finance Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation

• University rankings (11)

Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

• University rankings (15)

National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute

• University rankings (8)

MGIMO University

• University rankings (6)

Russian National Research Medical University

• University rankings (7)

Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia

• University rankings (10)

Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)

Skolkovo Institute of Science & Technology

Russian presidential academy of national economy and public administration.

Russian State University for the Humanities

Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

• University rankings (9)

Moscow School of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University

• University rankings (1)

Moscow State Pedagogical University

Russian Technological University MIREA

• University rankings (12)

Russian State Agricultural University

Russian State University of Oil and Gas

Moscow Polytech

Moscow City Teachers' Training University

• University rankings (4)

Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics

• University rankings (5)

New Economic School

Moscow State University of Psychology and Education

• University rankings (2)

Moscow State Technological University "Stankin"

Moscow State Regional University

Russian New University

Russian State Social University

Moscow State University of Railway Engineering

Moscow State University of Food Production

• University rankings (3)

Pushkin State Russian Language Institute

Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation

Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography

Moscow University for the Humanities

Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory

Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University

State University of Land Management

Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy

Modern University for the Humanities

Moscow International Higher Business School

Moscow State University of Design and Technology

Moscow State Linguistic University

Russian State Geological Prospecting University

Moscow State University of Technology and Management

Highest subject rankings of universities in moscow, moscow key facts for international students.

50 out of 69 Universities in Moscow Ranked in at least one ranking

24 Different Rankings list Universities in Moscow (18 institution and 6 subject rankings)

16 Global Rankings rank Universities in Moscow Among TOP 200

Population: 10382000

Time: GMT +3

District/province: Moscow,

* 100 = prices in London

• Living costs without accommodation 61* (39% cheaper than London)
• All costs including accommodation 57* (43% cheaper than London)
• Meals (grocery & lower cost restaurants) 59* (41% cheaper than London)
• Average Big Mac price 192.06 RUB

• Residential voltage: 230 V
• Frequency: 50 Hz

Map with location of universities in Moscow

Useful related pages

What is the best ranked university in Moscow?

What university in moscow is listed in most university rankings, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying business, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying languages & literature, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying natural sciences, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying mathematics, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying education, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying social studies & humanities, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying engineering, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying law, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying computer science, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying medicine & health, what university in moscow is best ranked for studying agriculture, ranking publishers, british quacquarelli symonds, uk, qs world university rankings  (published: 27 june, 2023).

Academic Reputation 40% Employer Reputation 10% Faculty/Student Ratio 20% Citations per faculty 20% International Faculty Ratio 5% International Student Ratio 5%

view methodology

QS Employability Rankings  (Published: 23 September, 2021)

Employer reputation 30% Alumni outcomes 25% Partnerships with Employers per Faculty 25% Employer/Student Connections 10% Graduate employment rate 10%

QS 50 under 50  (Published: 24 June, 2020)

Based on the QS World University rankings methodology, the top 50 universities that are under 50 years old.

QS University Rankings: EECA Emerging Europe & Central Asia  (Published: 15 December, 2021)

Academic reputation 30% Employer reputation 20% Faculty/student ratio 10% Papers per faculty 10% International research network 10%

QS University Rankings BRICS  (Published: 06 May, 2019)

Academic reputation 30% Employer reputation 20% Faculty/student ratio 20% Staff with a PhD 10% Papers per faculty 10%

QS World University Rankings: Sustainability  (Published: 05 December, 2023)

Cwur center for world university rankings, cwur center for world university rankings  (published: 25 april, 2022).

Research Performance: 40%

• Research Output: 10%
• High-Quality Publications: 10%
• Influence: 10%
• Citations: 10%

Quality of Education: 25%

Alumni Employment: 25%

Quality of Faculty: 10%

Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Netherlands

Cwts leiden ranking  (published: 22 june, 2022).

Scientific Impact Number of Publications Collaboration Open Access Gender Diversity

NTU ranking

Ntu performance ranking of scientific papers  (published: 11 july, 2023).

Research Productivity: 25%

• # Articles last 11 years: 10%
• # Articles current year: 15%

Research Impact: 35%

• # Citations last 11 years: 15%
• # Citations last 2 years: 10%
• Average # citations last 11 years: 10%

Research Excellence: 40%

• H-index last 2 years: 10%
• # Highly cited papers last 11 years: 15%
• # Articles current year in high-impact journals: 15%

Nature Index

Nature index - young universities  (published: 08 december, 2021), rur ranking agency (moscow, russia), rur world university rankings  (published: 25 may, 2023).

Teaching: 40%

• Ratio Faculty/Student: 8%
• Ratio Faculty/Bachelor Degrees Awarded: 8%
• Ratio Faculty/Doctoral Degrees Awarded: 8%
• Ratio Doctoral Degrees Awarded/Bachelor Degrees Awarded: 8%
• World Teaching Reputation: 8%

Research: 40%

• Citations per Academic/Research Staff: 8%
• Doctoral Degrees per Accepted PhD: 8%
• Normalized Citation Impact: 8%
• Papers per Academic/Research Staff: 8%
• World Research Reputation: 8%

International Diversity: 10%

• International Faculty: 2%
• International Students: 2%
• International Co-Authored Papers: 2%
• Reputation Outside Geographical Region: 2%
• International Level: 2%

Financial Sustainability: 10%

• Institutional Income per Faculty: 2%
• Institutional Income per Student: 2%
• Papers per Research Income: 2%
• Research Income per Academic/Research Staff: 2%
• Research Income per Institutional Income: 2%

RUR Academic Rankings  (Published: 25 May, 2023)

Normalized citation impact (Citations of research publications from all university authors compared with world averages) 20% Citation per papers 20% Papers per academic and research staff 20% International research reputation 20% Share of research publications written in international co-authorship 20%

RUR Reputation Ranking  (Published: 25 May, 2023)

Teaching Reputation 50% Research Reputation 50%

Scimago Institutions

Scimago institutions rankings  (published: 06 march, 2024).

Research 50% Innovation 30% Societal 20%

ShanghaiRanking Consultancy

Arwu academic ranking of world universities - shanghairanking  (published: 15 august, 2023).

Quality of Education 10%

• Alumni winning Nobel Prizes/Field Medals 10%

Quality of Faculty 40%

• Staff winning Nobel Prizes/Field Medals 20%
• Highly Cited Researchers 20%

Research Output 40%

• Papers published in Nature and Science 20%
• Papers indexed in Science Citation Index-Expanded & Social Science Citation Index 20%

Per Capita Performance 10%

THE Times Higher Education, UK

The world university rankings  (published: 27 september, 2023).

30% Teaching (the Learning Environment)

• Reputation survey: 15%
• Staff-to-student ratio: 4.5%
• Doctorate-to-bachelor’s ratio: 2.25%
• Doctorates-awarded-to-academic-staff ratio: 6%
• Institutional income: 2.25%

30% Research (Volume, Income and Reputation)

• Reputation survey: 18%
• Research income: 6%
• Research productivity: 6%

30% Citations (Research Influence)

7.5% International Outlook (Staff, Students and Research)

• Proportion of international students: 2.5%
• Proportion of international staff: 2.5%
• International collaboration: 2.5%

2.5% Industry Income (Knowledge Transfer)"

THE World Reputation Rankings  (Published: 27 July, 2023)

Research Reputation 66,6% Teaching Reputation 33,3%

THE Emerging Economies University Ranking - Times Higher Education  (Published: 19 October, 2021)

Teaching 30% Research (volume, income and reputation) 30% Citations 20% International outlook (staff, students, research) 10% Industry income (knowledge transfer) 10%

THE Young University Rankings  (Published: 03 July, 2023)

Teaching 30% Research (volume, income and reputation) 30% Citations 30% International outlook (staff, students, research) 7.5% Industry income (knowledge transfer) 2.5%

THE World University Impact Rankings - Overall  (Published: 01 June, 2023)

The china subject ratings overall  (published: 11 may, 2022), urap world ranking - university ranking by academic performance  (published: 19 december, 2023), us news: best global universities  (published: 24 october, 2022), webometrics, webometrics ranking web of universities  (published: 31 july, 2023).

Visibility 50% Excellence 35% Transparency 10% Presence 5%

940,000 Taxpayers Have Just 2 Weeks to Claim Part of the $1B the IRS Is Holding. See If You're Owed Money

If you're missing a tax refund from the 2021 filing season, you only have two weeks to claim your money before it's gone forever.

After three years, the IRS turns over any unclaimed tax refunds to the US Treasury.

The IRS is holding onto more than $1 billion in unclaimed refunds for tax year 2020, but it won't be hanging on to this cash for much longer. If you didn't file taxes in 2021 because you didn't think you qualified, you forgot or you didn't want to deal with the stress of filing , the IRS could be holding onto your tax refund money, including a  2020 recovery rebate credit . The average unpaid refund amount is $932, which is a lot of cash to leave on the table. And, the IRS won't be hanging on to these funds for much longer. 

According to the IRS , almost 940,000 taxpayers have unclaimed refunds from 2020. If you're one of the many taxpayers who never claimed their 2020 refund, you don't have much time left to act. By law, the IRS keeps these unclaimed tax refunds for three years. The agency usually transfers the money to the US Treasury after the deadline passes to claim your refund. 

Usually, taxpayers have three years from the end of the tax season when they didn't claim their refund, but this year is a bit different. Back in 2021, the deadline to file your taxes was extended until May 17, 2021, and that means that you have until May 17, 2024 if you want to claim any missing money. 

Online tax software can help you complete your tax return to claim a tax refund for 2021 (you can also use your  phone to scan your important tax documents ), but you can't file 2020 returns electronically. You must file prior-year tax returns on paper. To do that, you'll need to print and mail your 2020 tax return for 2021 to a specific regional IRS office, depending on where you live.

Read on to learn about how to claim your 2021 tax refund, including what to do if you're missing old forms and where to mail your 2020 tax return.

For more, if you're still waiting for this year's refund, here's how to track the status of your refund .

When is the IRS deadline to claim a tax refund from 2020?

By law, the IRS is required to hold on to unclaimed income tax refunds for three years, and filers have a three-year window from the original due date to claim their refunds. If you don't file to claim your tax refund after three years, the money becomes the property of the US Treasury, and you won't be able to get it back.

What is the due date this year? Back in 2021, the IRS extended the tax deadline from April 15, 2021 to May 17, 2021, due to continued financial strain from the  COVID-19 pandemic , so if you want to claim your missing money, you'll need to file 2020's return by May 17, 2024. 

Since tax returns for prior years cannot be filed electronically, you'll need to ensure that your 2021 return is addressed to the proper IRS regional office and postmarked by that May 17 date for most taxpayers. 

What is the Recovery Rebate Credit? 

Think back to 2020 and 2021 -- you'll likely remember the three economic impact payments, more commonly known as stimulus checks, that were sent out. While many received the full amount of their economic impact payments, it's possible that you could be missing all or part of one or more of those payments. 

Enter the recovery rebate credit. If you missed one or more of your economic impact payments or didn't get the full amount you were owed, you could have indicated this on your 2020 and 2021 tax returns, and the government would pay you the money you were owed. If you missed out on all or part of your stimulus check payments in 2020 and you didn't file your 2020 tax return, you have until May 17, 2024, to claim your missing money. If you only missed out on 2021's Economic Impact Payment and didn't file your 2021 return, you have until April 15, 2025 to file your return and claim your missing money.

How can I find out if the IRS has an unclaimed tax refund for me?

There's no easy way for taxpayers to discover whether or not they're missing tax refund money from 2021. The only way to learn if the IRS is holding an old refund for you is to file a return for that year.

The IRS  Where's My Refund tool can't help; it only reports the refund status of those who've already filed their taxes.

You can find out the amount of your missing recovery rebate credit. According to the IRS , you'll need the tax years and amounts of the economic impact payments you received so you can calculate your recovery rebate credit. After you've found the necessary information, you can either plug the information into your tax preparation software of choice or you can use the Form 1040 Recovery Rebate Credit Worksheet to calculate how much you are owed. 

To find the amount of your economic impact payments, you can either check your IRS online account or one of the several mailed notices the IRS sent with the amounts of the payments. The mailed notices are Notice 1444 (for the first Economic Impact Payment which was delivered in 2020), Notice 1444-B (for the second Economic Impact Payment which was delivered in 2020) and Notice 1444-C (for the third Economic Impact Payment delivered in 2021). 

How can I claim my 2020 income tax refund from the IRS?

To claim a refund for 2020, you will need to submit your 2020 tax return through the mail. Most tax software publishers keep their prior years' software available for three years. Tax software can help you complete IRS Form 1040 and all the other required forms and schedules, but it cannot e-file for you. You'll need to print, sign and properly address the printed tax return, which needs to be postmarked no later than May 17, 2024 for most tax filers.

To file an old 2020 tax return, you'll need to mail it to a specific regional IRS center listed on the last page of this year's   IRS Form 1040 instructions (these instructions are from last year's filing season, but the addresses of the regional IRS centers are still valid). The address you need to use depends on the state or US territory in which you live.

The IRS notes that the agency may continue to hold your 2020 tax refund if you have not filed tax returns for 2021 and 2022.

What documents do I need to file my 2020 income tax return?

You can find the tax forms for 2020 on the IRS  forms page . If you're missing a W-2, 1098, 1099 or 5498 from 2019, the IRS recommends you request a copy from your employer or bank.

You can also order a free wage and income  transcript from the IRS and then use the information from the transcript to file your tax return. To download an instant transcript, you'll need to create an online IRS account if you don't already have one.

Can my unclaimed refund be kept by the IRS to cover tax debt?

If you think you were due a refund from 2021 but you don't receive one after you file your old tax return, all or part of your tax refund may have been offset , meaning it was used to pay past-due federal tax, state income tax, state unemployment compensation debts, child support, spousal support or other federal debts such as student loans.

Tax refund offsets that cover past-due federal taxes are managed by the IRS, and you should receive a notice from the agency explaining the offset. All other refund offsets are handled by the Bureau of Fiscal Services' Treasury Offset Program , which should also send you a notice if your tax refund was used to pay debts.

If you don't believe you owe back federal taxes and receive an offset notice from the IRS, you can call the agency at 800-829-1040 for more information. For all other debt-related tax return offsets, you can call the Treasury Offset Program at 800-304-3107 to find out more details.

Tesla Autopilot investigation closed after feds find 13 fatal crashes related to misuse

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration closed a long-standing investigation into Tesla’s Autopilot driver assistance system after reviewing hundreds of crashes involving its misuse, including 13 that were fatal and “many more involving serious injuries.”

At the same time, NHTSA is opening a new investigation to evaluate whether the Autopilot recall fix that Tesla implemented in December is effective enough.

NHTSA’s Office of Defects Investigation said in documents released Friday that it completed “an extensive body of work” which turned up evidence that “Tesla’s weak driver engagement system was not appropriate for Autopilot’s permissive operating capabilities.”

“This mismatch resulted in a critical safety gap between drivers’ expectations of [Autopilot’s] operating capabilities and the system’s true capabilities,” the agency wrote. “This gap led to foreseeable misuse and avoidable crashes.”

The closing of the initial probe, which began in 2021, marks an end of one of the most visible efforts by the government to scrutinize Tesla’s Autopilot software. Tesla is still feeling the pressure of multiple other inquiries, though.

The Department of Justice is also investigating the company’s claims about the technology, and the California Department of Motor Vehicles has  accused Tesla of falsely advertising the capabilities of Autopilot and the more-advanced Full Self-Driving beta software. The company is also facing multiple lawsuits regarding Autopilot. Tesla, meanwhile, is now going “balls to the wall for autonomy,” according to CEO Elon Musk.

NHTSA said its investigation reviewed 956 reported crashes up until August 30, 2023. In roughly half (489) of those, the agency said either there “was insufficient data to make an assessment,” the other vehicle was at fault, Autopilot was found to not be in use or the crash was otherwise unrelated to the probe.

NHTSA said the remaining 467 crashes fell into three buckets. There were many (211) crashes where “the frontal plane of the Tesla struck another vehicle or obstacle with adequate time for an attentive driver to respond to avoid or mitigate the crash. It said 145 crashes involved “roadway departures in low traction conditions such as wet roadways. And it said 111 of the crashes involved “roadway departures where Autosteer was inadvertently disengaged by the driver’s inputs.”

These crashes “are often severe because neither the system nor the driver reacts appropriately, resulting in high-speed differential and high energy crash outcomes,” the agency wrote.

Tesla tells drivers they need to pay attention to the road and keep their hands on the wheel while using Autopilot, which it measures via a torque sensor and, in its newer cars, the in-cabin camera. But NHTSA, and other safety groups, have said that these warnings and checks do not go far enough. In December, NHTSA said these measures were “insufficient to prevent misuse.”

Tesla agreed to issue a recall via a software update that would theoretically increase driver monitoring. But that update did not really appear to change Autopilot much — a sentiment NHTSA seems to agree with.

Parts of that recall fix require the “owner to opt in,” and Tesla allows a driver to “readily reverse” some of the safeguards, according to NHTSA.

NHTSA spent nearly three years working on the investigation into Autopilot, and met or interacted with Tesla numerous times throughout the process. It performed many direct examinations of the crashes, and relied on the company to provide data about them as well.

But the agency criticized Tesla’s data in one of the supporting documents.

“Gaps in Tesla’s telematic data create uncertainty regarding the actual rate at which vehicles operating with Autopilot engaged are involved in crashes. Tesla is not aware of every crash involving Autopilot even for severe crashes because of gaps in telematic reporting,” NHTSA wrote. According to the agency, Tesla “largely receives data from crashes only with pyrotechnic deployment,” meaning when air bags, seat belt pre-tensioners or the pedestrian impact mitigation feature of the car’s hood are triggered.

NHTSA claims that limiting to this level means Tesla is only collecting data on around 18% of crashes that are reported to the police. As a result, NHTSA wrote that the probe uncovered crashes for which Autopilot was engaged that Tesla was not notified of via telematics.