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Health and safety refers to the study of various aspects of maintaining health and securing the safety of the people. Health and safety are crucial duties of the state. Doctors keep people healthy and soldiers provide security. Research in this field is important for people's well-being. Thus, students must choose quality health and safety dissertation topics for their research modules.

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Home » Blog » Dissertation » Topics » Occupational Health and Safety » 80 Occupational Health and Safety Research Topics

80 Occupational Health and Safety Research Topics

FacebookXEmailWhatsAppRedditPinterestLinkedInWelcome to the world of Occupational Health and Safety research, where the well-being and safety of workers take centre stage. As a student seeking engaging research topics in occupational health and protection for your undergraduate, master’s, or doctoral-level studies, you’ve come to the right place. Occupational Health and Safety is as critical as it is […]

Welcome to the world of Occupational Health and Safety research, where the well-being and safety of workers take centre stage. As a student seeking engaging research topics in occupational health and protection for your undergraduate, master’s, or doctoral-level studies, you’ve come to the right place.

Occupational Health and Safety is as critical as it is diverse, encompassing various issues impacting individuals and organizations. In this blog post, we embark on a journey through the rich landscape of research opportunities in this field. Whether you’re intrigued by workplace safety strategies, employee well-being, technological advancements, or the intricate interplay between human factors and safety outcomes, these research topics will ignite your curiosity and provide a solid foundation for your academic exploration. Your insights and discoveries have the potential to shape safer and healthier workplaces, making a profound impact on the lives of workers worldwide.

A List Of Potential Research Topics In Occupational Health and Safety:

• Guiding resilience: investigating how organizations navigate safety challenges.
• Principles of resilience: guiding organizations in navigating evolving safety challenges.
• Exploring the link between occupational health and safety and employee productivity
• Investigating the effectiveness of safety leadership development programs
• The influence of occupational stress on decision-making and safety performance
• Tech talk: assessing the interplay between technology and traditional safety practices.
• Is employee empowerment crucial for fostering a culture of safety, and how is it achieved? A comprehensive study.
• Can the principles of resilience guide organizations in adapting to changing safety challenges? A comprehensive examination.
• The role of occupational health and safety in enhancing employee resilience
• Virtual horizons: assessing the efficacy of virtual reality in safety training.
• Investigating the impact of automation and robotics on occupational health and safety
• Behind the mask: understanding the impact of remote work on employee safety.
• The psychological and physiological impacts of occupational burnout on employee safety
• Striking a balance: the intersection of human-centric and technology-driven safety approaches.
• Enhancing safety culture in construction projects: best practices and challenges
• Can occupational health and safety programs align with environmental sustainability efforts? An exploratory inquiry.
• Building bridges: exploring the synergy between safety Incentive programs and employee behaviour.
• Tech-tonic shift: evaluating the role of technology in enhancing or hindering occupational health and safety.
• Can technology-driven safety monitoring systems enhance organizational safety culture? A thought-provoking study.
• Can safety incentive programs drive a culture of continuous safety improvement? A comprehensive analysis.
• Analyzing the role of leadership in navigating occupational health and safety during crises
• Is there a connection between mental health support and employee engagement in safety practices? A thought-provoking analysis.
• Game on: assessing the efficacy of gamification in enhancing safety awareness among employees.
• Is mental health support adequately integrated into occupational health and safety frameworks? An exploratory study.
• Does the use of technology in safety training effectively engage and educate employees? A comprehensive analysis.
• Can technology-driven safety monitoring systems enhance employee well-being? A critical examination.
• Promoting psychological safety in the workplace: strategies and implementation
• Cultivating safety: the dynamic relationship between leadership styles and safety culture.
• Can leadership communication effectively promote safety as a shared value? An exploratory study.
• Exploring the integration of health promotion programs with occupational safety
• Is there a link between employee empowerment and a culture of safety innovation? An exploratory study.
• Does occupational health and safety intersect with corporate social responsibility initiatives? An exploratory inquiry.
• Safety beyond borders: analyzing the link between occupational health and safety and corporate social responsibility.
• Are organizational crisis management strategies aligned with occupational health and safety requirements? A critical review.
• Communicating safety: navigating how leadership communication shapes safety practices.
• Does the use of wearable technology enhance employee safety and well-being? A critical examination.
• Is the fear of repercussions hindering employees from reporting safety concerns? A comprehensive analysis.
• Psychological safety and reporting: unpacking the dynamics of speaking up for safety.
• Is there a connection between diversity and inclusion efforts and occupational health and safety outcomes? An in-depth analysis.
• Analyzing the relationship between occupational health and safety and employee engagement
• Safety through empowerment: investigating the connection between employee empowerment and safety behaviour.
• Can psychological safety at work significantly impact employee willingness to report safety concerns? A thought-provoking study.
• Embracing mental health: analyzing how mental health support programs impact safety outcomes.
• A matter of trust: investigating how safety training bridges the gap between compliance and behaviour.
• Does technology enhance or hinder occupational health and safety efforts? A comprehensive exploration.
• Assessing the effectiveness of personal protective equipment in hazard mitigation
• Investigating the effectiveness of safety training programs in reducing workplace accidents
• Exploring the Link between job insecurity and Safety Performance
• Are personal protective equipment (PPE) and safety gear effective in mitigating workplace hazards? A meticulous analysis.
• Is strict compliance with safety protocols enough, or should a safety-conscious mindset be emphasized? An investigation.
• Virtual boundaries: analyzing the role of wearable technology in safety enhancement.
• Analyzing the impact of work-from-home arrangements on employee well-being and safety
• Is employee engagement linked to a heightened commitment to occupational health and safety? A critical inquiry.
• Addressing mental health challenges in high-pressure work environments.
• Assessing the mental health implications of high-stress occupations and safety measures.
• Mental well-being and safety: unpacking the intricate relationship.
• Analyzing the role of safety climate in preventing occupational injuries
• Is the role of safety committees undervalued, and how do they contribute to a safer workplace? An exploratory analysis.
• Can gamification effectively promote safety awareness and compliance among employees? A comparative study.
• The role of leadership styles in shaping occupational health and safety culture
• Is the integration of human psychology critical in designing effective safety programs? A critical examination.
• The influence of leadership communication on occupational health and safety culture
• Can leadership communication positively influence the adoption of safety practices? A comprehensive analysis.
• Is the role of leadership styles in shaping safety behaviour underemphasized? A critical exploration.
• Beyond wearable tech: assessing the impact of wearable technology on employee safety and well-being.
• Does mental health stigma impede the reporting of safety concerns in the workplace? An in-depth analysis.
• Does the normalization of remote work hinder the implementation of traditional safety practices? A thought-provoking study.
• Is there a tension between human-centric and technology-driven safety practices? A thought-provoking analysis.
• Leading through adversity: exploring how leadership styles guide safety behaviour in challenging times.
• Can the integration of health promotion programs foster a safer work environment? A thorough examination.
• Lighting the path: assessing how leadership communication drives a culture of safety.
• The role of employee empowerment in enhancing safety awareness and compliance
• Evaluating the efficacy of safety communication strategies in enhancing workplace safety
• Bridging the gap: investigating the link between leadership styles and occupational health and safety practices.
• Well-being and wisdom: exploring the relationship between employee well-being and safety practices.
• Can promoting work-life integration enhance overall employee health and safety outcomes? A holistic analysis.
• Empowering resilience: how organizations embrace change to enhance safety practices.
• Is there a connection between perceived job security and employee commitment to safety? A thought-provoking analysis.
• Does the use of virtual reality enhance safety training effectiveness? A critical examination.
• Safety on the line: investigating the relationship between employee engagement and safety adherence.

In closing, the provided Occupational Health and Safety research topics encapsulate the vital realm of workplace well-being. As you explore these areas through your undergraduate, master’s, or doctoral dissertations, remember the lasting influence your contributions can have on workplace safety and employee welfare. Your research is a decisive step toward building safer, healthier work environments and shaping the future of occupational health practices.

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Research Topics & Ideas: Healthcare

100+ Healthcare Research Topic Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

Finding and choosing a strong research topic is the critical first step when it comes to crafting a high-quality dissertation, thesis or research project. If you’ve landed on this post, chances are you’re looking for a healthcare-related research topic , but aren’t sure where to start. Here, we’ll explore a variety of healthcare-related research ideas and topic thought-starters across a range of healthcare fields, including allopathic and alternative medicine, dentistry, physical therapy, optometry, pharmacology and public health.

NB – This is just the start…

The topic ideation and evaluation process has multiple steps . In this post, we’ll kickstart the process by sharing some research topic ideas within the healthcare domain. This is the starting point, but to develop a well-defined research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , along with a well-justified plan of action to fill that gap.

If you’re new to the oftentimes perplexing world of research, or if this is your first time undertaking a formal academic research project, be sure to check out our free dissertation mini-course. In it, we cover the process of writing a dissertation or thesis from start to end. Be sure to also sign up for our free webinar that explores how to find a high-quality research topic.

Overview: Healthcare Research Topics

• Allopathic medicine
• Alternative /complementary medicine
• Veterinary medicine
• Physical therapy/ rehab
• Optometry and ophthalmology
• Pharmacy and pharmacology
• Public health
• Examples of healthcare-related dissertations

Allopathic (Conventional) Medicine

• The effectiveness of telemedicine in remote elderly patient care
• The impact of stress on the immune system of cancer patients
• The effects of a plant-based diet on chronic diseases such as diabetes
• The use of AI in early cancer diagnosis and treatment
• The role of the gut microbiome in mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety
• The efficacy of mindfulness meditation in reducing chronic pain: A systematic review
• The benefits and drawbacks of electronic health records in a developing country
• The effects of environmental pollution on breast milk quality
• The use of personalized medicine in treating genetic disorders
• The impact of social determinants of health on chronic diseases in Asia
• The role of high-intensity interval training in improving cardiovascular health
• The efficacy of using probiotics for gut health in pregnant women
• The impact of poor sleep on the treatment of chronic illnesses
• The role of inflammation in the development of chronic diseases such as lupus
• The effectiveness of physiotherapy in pain control post-surgery

Topics & Ideas: Alternative Medicine

• The benefits of herbal medicine in treating young asthma patients
• The use of acupuncture in treating infertility in women over 40 years of age
• The effectiveness of homoeopathy in treating mental health disorders: A systematic review
• The role of aromatherapy in reducing stress and anxiety post-surgery
• The impact of mindfulness meditation on reducing high blood pressure
• The use of chiropractic therapy in treating back pain of pregnant women
• The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine such as Shun-Qi-Tong-Xie (SQTX) in treating digestive disorders in China
• The impact of yoga on physical and mental health in adolescents
• The benefits of hydrotherapy in treating musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinitis
• The role of Reiki in promoting healing and relaxation post birth
• The effectiveness of naturopathy in treating skin conditions such as eczema
• The use of deep tissue massage therapy in reducing chronic pain in amputees
• The impact of tai chi on the treatment of anxiety and depression
• The benefits of reflexology in treating stress, anxiety and chronic fatigue
• The role of acupuncture in the prophylactic management of headaches and migraines

Topics & Ideas: Dentistry

• The impact of sugar consumption on the oral health of infants
• The use of digital dentistry in improving patient care: A systematic review
• The efficacy of orthodontic treatments in correcting bite problems in adults
• The role of dental hygiene in preventing gum disease in patients with dental bridges
• The impact of smoking on oral health and tobacco cessation support from UK dentists
• The benefits of dental implants in restoring missing teeth in adolescents
• The use of lasers in dental procedures such as root canals
• The efficacy of root canal treatment using high-frequency electric pulses in saving infected teeth
• The role of fluoride in promoting remineralization and slowing down demineralization
• The impact of stress-induced reflux on oral health
• The benefits of dental crowns in restoring damaged teeth in elderly patients
• The use of sedation dentistry in managing dental anxiety in children
• The efficacy of teeth whitening treatments in improving dental aesthetics in patients with braces
• The role of orthodontic appliances in improving well-being
• The impact of periodontal disease on overall health and chronic illnesses

Tops & Ideas: Veterinary Medicine

• The impact of nutrition on broiler chicken production
• The role of vaccines in disease prevention in horses
• The importance of parasite control in animal health in piggeries
• The impact of animal behaviour on welfare in the dairy industry
• The effects of environmental pollution on the health of cattle
• The role of veterinary technology such as MRI in animal care
• The importance of pain management in post-surgery health outcomes
• The impact of genetics on animal health and disease in layer chickens
• The effectiveness of alternative therapies in veterinary medicine: A systematic review
• The role of veterinary medicine in public health: A case study of the COVID-19 pandemic
• The impact of climate change on animal health and infectious diseases in animals
• The importance of animal welfare in veterinary medicine and sustainable agriculture
• The effects of the human-animal bond on canine health
• The role of veterinary medicine in conservation efforts: A case study of Rhinoceros poaching in Africa
• The impact of veterinary research of new vaccines on animal health

Topics & Ideas: Physical Therapy/Rehab

• The efficacy of aquatic therapy in improving joint mobility and strength in polio patients
• The impact of telerehabilitation on patient outcomes in Germany
• The effect of kinesiotaping on reducing knee pain and improving function in individuals with chronic pain
• A comparison of manual therapy and yoga exercise therapy in the management of low back pain
• The use of wearable technology in physical rehabilitation and the impact on patient adherence to a rehabilitation plan
• The impact of mindfulness-based interventions in physical therapy in adolescents
• The effects of resistance training on individuals with Parkinson’s disease
• The role of hydrotherapy in the management of fibromyalgia
• The impact of cognitive-behavioural therapy in physical rehabilitation for individuals with chronic pain
• The use of virtual reality in physical rehabilitation of sports injuries
• The effects of electrical stimulation on muscle function and strength in athletes
• The role of physical therapy in the management of stroke recovery: A systematic review
• The impact of pilates on mental health in individuals with depression
• The use of thermal modalities in physical therapy and its effectiveness in reducing pain and inflammation
• The effect of strength training on balance and gait in elderly patients

Topics & Ideas: Optometry & Opthalmology

• The impact of screen time on the vision and ocular health of children under the age of 5
• The effects of blue light exposure from digital devices on ocular health
• The role of dietary interventions, such as the intake of whole grains, in the management of age-related macular degeneration
• The use of telemedicine in optometry and ophthalmology in the UK
• The impact of myopia control interventions on African American children’s vision
• The use of contact lenses in the management of dry eye syndrome: different treatment options
• The effects of visual rehabilitation in individuals with traumatic brain injury
• The role of low vision rehabilitation in individuals with age-related vision loss: challenges and solutions
• The impact of environmental air pollution on ocular health
• The effectiveness of orthokeratology in myopia control compared to contact lenses
• The role of dietary supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids, in ocular health
• The effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure from tanning beds on ocular health
• The impact of computer vision syndrome on long-term visual function
• The use of novel diagnostic tools in optometry and ophthalmology in developing countries
• The effects of virtual reality on visual perception and ocular health: an examination of dry eye syndrome and neurologic symptoms

Topics & Ideas: Pharmacy & Pharmacology

• The impact of medication adherence on patient outcomes in cystic fibrosis
• The use of personalized medicine in the management of chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease
• The effects of pharmacogenomics on drug response and toxicity in cancer patients
• The role of pharmacists in the management of chronic pain in primary care
• The impact of drug-drug interactions on patient mental health outcomes
• The use of telepharmacy in healthcare: Present status and future potential
• The effects of herbal and dietary supplements on drug efficacy and toxicity
• The role of pharmacists in the management of type 1 diabetes
• The impact of medication errors on patient outcomes and satisfaction
• The use of technology in medication management in the USA
• The effects of smoking on drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics: A case study of clozapine
• Leveraging the role of pharmacists in preventing and managing opioid use disorder
• The impact of the opioid epidemic on public health in a developing country
• The use of biosimilars in the management of the skin condition psoriasis
• The effects of the Affordable Care Act on medication utilization and patient outcomes in African Americans

Topics & Ideas: Public Health

• The impact of the built environment and urbanisation on physical activity and obesity
• The effects of food insecurity on health outcomes in Zimbabwe
• The role of community-based participatory research in addressing health disparities
• The impact of social determinants of health, such as racism, on population health
• The effects of heat waves on public health
• The role of telehealth in addressing healthcare access and equity in South America
• The impact of gun violence on public health in South Africa
• The effects of chlorofluorocarbons air pollution on respiratory health
• The role of public health interventions in reducing health disparities in the USA
• The impact of the United States Affordable Care Act on access to healthcare and health outcomes
• The effects of water insecurity on health outcomes in the Middle East
• The role of community health workers in addressing healthcare access and equity in low-income countries
• The impact of mass incarceration on public health and behavioural health of a community
• The effects of floods on public health and healthcare systems
• The role of social media in public health communication and behaviour change in adolescents

Examples: Healthcare Dissertation & Theses

While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a healthcare-related research topic, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses to see how this all comes together.

Below, we’ve included a selection of research projects from various healthcare-related degree programs to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.

• Improving Follow-Up Care for Homeless Populations in North County San Diego (Sanchez, 2021)
• On the Incentives of Medicare’s Hospital Reimbursement and an Examination of Exchangeability (Elzinga, 2016)
• Managing the healthcare crisis: the career narratives of nurses (Krueger, 2021)
• Methods for preventing central line-associated bloodstream infection in pediatric haematology-oncology patients: A systematic literature review (Balkan, 2020)
• Farms in Healthcare: Enhancing Knowledge, Sharing, and Collaboration (Garramone, 2019)
• When machine learning meets healthcare: towards knowledge incorporation in multimodal healthcare analytics (Yuan, 2020)
• Integrated behavioural healthcare: The future of rural mental health (Fox, 2019)
• Healthcare service use patterns among autistic adults: A systematic review with narrative synthesis (Gilmore, 2021)
• Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Combatting Burnout and Compassionate Fatigue among Mental Health Caregivers (Lundquist, 2022)
• Transgender and gender-diverse people’s perceptions of gender-inclusive healthcare access and associated hope for the future (Wille, 2021)
• Efficient Neural Network Synthesis and Its Application in Smart Healthcare (Hassantabar, 2022)
• The Experience of Female Veterans and Health-Seeking Behaviors (Switzer, 2022)
• Machine learning applications towards risk prediction and cost forecasting in healthcare (Singh, 2022)
• Does Variation in the Nursing Home Inspection Process Explain Disparity in Regulatory Outcomes? (Fox, 2020)

Looking at these titles, you can probably pick up that the research topics here are quite specific and narrowly-focused , compared to the generic ones presented earlier. This is an important thing to keep in mind as you develop your own research topic. That is to say, to create a top-notch research topic, you must be precise and target a specific context with specific variables of interest . In other words, you need to identify a clear, well-justified research gap.

Need more help?

If you’re still feeling a bit unsure about how to find a research topic for your healthcare dissertation or thesis, check out Topic Kickstarter service below.

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15 Comments

I need topics that will match the Msc program am running in healthcare research please

Hello Mabel,

I can help you with a good topic, kindly provide your email let’s have a good discussion on this.

Can you provide some research topics and ideas on Immunology?

Thank you to create new knowledge on research problem verse research topic

Help on problem statement on teen pregnancy

This post might be useful: https://gradcoach.com/research-problem-statement/

can you provide me with a research topic on healthcare related topics to a qqi level 5 student

Please can someone help me with research topics in public health ?

Hello I have requirement of Health related latest research issue/topics for my social media speeches. If possible pls share health issues , diagnosis, treatment.

I would like a topic thought around first-line support for Gender-Based Violence for survivors or one related to prevention of Gender-Based Violence

Please can I be helped with a master’s research topic in either chemical pathology or hematology or immunology? thanks

Can u please provide me with a research topic on occupational health and safety at the health sector

Good day kindly help provide me with Ph.D. Public health topics on Reproductive and Maternal Health, interventional studies on Health Education

may you assist me with a good easy healthcare administration study topic

May you assist me in finding a research topic on nutrition,physical activity and obesity. On the impact on children

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370 Safety Research Topics & Examples

In this list of safety essay examples, explore the health and safety research topics and dig deep into the challenges of maintaining it. Discuss the strategies to prevent accidents, mitigate risks, and create secure environments. Don’t miss our ideas about food safety, road safety, occupational safety, and others!

🦺 TOP 10 Safety Research Topics

🏆 best safety essay examples, 👍 unique safety research topics, ❓ research questions about safety, 🌶️ catchy safety essay examples, 🎓 interesting safety topics to research, 📌 easy safety topics for a project, 💡 simple safety topics ideas.

• Importance of Traffic Safety Education at the School Level
• Food Safety Issues in Modern Agriculture
• The Importance of Health and Safety Training at the Workplace
• New Zealand Cultural Safety in Nursing Practice
• Traffic Situation and Safety Concerns in Saudi Arabia
• The Six Major Elements of a Food Safety Plan (FSP)
• Transportation Safety and Security Regulations: Advantages and Disadvantages
• Health and Safety Regulations in the Engineering Environment
• Safety in the Mining Industry
• Patient Safety and the Problem of Poor Service Delivery
• Avalanches, Their Nature and Safety Precautions Snow avalanches are frequent in the mountainous regions of the planet. This paper explores the subject of avalanches, their mechanisms, anatomy, and safety precautions.
• Car Seat Safety and Educational Awareness Programs The paper discusses car seat safety and highlights the safety procedures and recommendations needed to be taken care of.
• Patient Safety: Medication Errors Patient safety remains a highly disturbing health care issue, and medication errors relate to the most typical causes of damage to life or health.
• Tesla Inc.’s Workplace Safety Conflict Tesla Inc. was founded by Elon Musk in 2003 and has become one of the most innovative companies on the market.
• Health and Safety Assessment Health and safety laws are designed to ensure that working environments are safe for all workers. The law requires that both employers and employees take caution.
• Occupational Health and Safety: Workers Neglect of Precautionary Measures Occupational health and safety within the organizations are extremely significant as the opportunity to work in safe conditions is one of the most important rights of any employee.
• Occupational Health and Safety Communication Occupational Health and Safety allows for improved employee productivity, reduced workplace illnesses and injuries, retained workers, and numerous other advantages.
• CDC’s Top Ten Public Health Achievements of Workplace Safety The mining industry is associated with a risk to life, as a historical retrospective demonstrates the mortal danger to workers.
• The Air Safety and Security The purpose of this paper is to investigate the aspect of air safety and security and discover and evaluate existing regulations within this area.
• Safety Technique: The Hierarchy of Controls In the article, the author expresses his opinion on the safety measures that must be taken to avoid injury to workers when working with mechanical shears for metal.
• Joint Commission: National Patient Safety Goals Patient safety remains to be one of the main concerns in areas of health care and nursing. The paper will discuss the two NPSGs and explain how they are addressed in CAHs.
• Food Safety and Hazards Manufacturers are obligated to maintain safe control measures to ensure products are fit for human consumption.
• Occupational Safety and Health Threat Scenarios The supervisors should investigate and report promptly all incidences about employees within their respective fields to allow immediate response.
• Occupational Health and Safety: Precautionary Principle Occupational health and safety officers in many industries are usually very concerned with the exposure of the workforce to potentially harmful situations, including radiation.
• Employee Engagement in Safety Improvement Employee involvement and engagement can be attained by ensuring that safety meetings have representatives from the human asset base.
• Nursing Care: Differentiated Practice Model and Patient Safety The practice of nursing is the most challenging and demanding as compared to other jobs since nurses are also called upon to provide patients care in hospitals and homes.
• Incomplete or Missing Documentation: Patient Safety in Healthcare Patient safety is among the top concerns for healthcare set-up due to the associated negative consequences affecting care outcomes and other related issues, such as legal suits.
• Case of Boeing 737-MAX: Safety Issues and Management Safety is the primary concern for those travelling by air. Interestingly enough, statistically, the chances of perishing due to an airplane crash are meager.
• Food Additives and Problem of Safety Certain food additives are believed to have side effects in adults and most importantly in children, such as increased hyperactivity, allergies, asthma problems, and migraines.
• Medication Error: Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan This paper aims to identify the root causes of a high medication error rate and discuss evidence-based methods to mitigate medication errors and present a safety improvement plan.
• The Boeing and FAA Safety Risks Assessment Improving flight safety in the global air transport system is the fundamental and most important strategic goal of both the International Civil Aviation Organization and all national regulators.
• Health and Safety Training for Early Childhood Educators Nutrition, health, and safety training are significant for early childhood educators. They have a great impact on the child since a child is highly receptive at an early age.
• Food Safety Sanitation Requirements for a Child’s Health To maintain optimal diet and nutrition for a child’s health and welfare, emphasis must be made on sanitary criteria for food safety, storage, preparation, and food presentation.
• Family Safety Guidelines: The Safety Measures This essay seeks to discuss some of the safety measures that one can take to avoid risks that can occur through the items listed in the safety-check list.
• Aviation Safety: Ground Accidents and Their Prevention The paper states that ground accidents remain a serious issue for the aviation sector. The causes might include human error, poor reporting, and risk assessment.
• Public Safety and Individual Rights The state should adequately address the need of protecting the rights of suspected offenders in the process of maintaining law and order.
• Health and Safety Effects of Computer Use This paper seeks to illustrate this health and safety complication in relation to using computers and how the effects can be reduced.
• The Role of Nurses in Enhancing Patient Safety This paper examines the role of nurses in enhancing patient safety through the implementation of change for evidence-based practice.
• Quality Improvement and Safety in Nursing Improving the nurses’ work environment and facilitating collaboration between all participants in the system responsible for medication within the hospital setting is essential.
• The Effects of Nurse Burnout on Patient Care and Safety This paper aims to review the issue of professional and job burnout in nursing practitioners, as well as to identify the primary causes and the main consequences of this problem.
• Importance of Medication Safety The safety of administering medication is influenced by nurses who have the authority to perform the job: they must ensure that it has all information to dispense medication safely.
• What Is Process Safety Management and Why Is It Important? One of the process safety hazards that can endanger human lives and damage property for millions of dollars are pressure hazards.
• The Relationship Between Understaffing of Nurses and Patient Safety This paper aims to investigate aspects related to the problem of nurse understaffing by referencing the scholarly literature on the topic.
• Irish Aviation Safety: Strategic Position and Strategic Choices The commercial aviation industry plays a central role in facilitating the transportation of people and goods in various parts of the globe.
• Fire Safety Education and Risks for Children The paper focuses on adolescent firesetting, children with special needs, fire safety education, and socioeconomic characteristics as determinants of fire risks.
• Food Safety: A Policy Issue in Agriculture Today Food safety constitutes proper preparation, storage and preservation of all foods. Markets are increasingly calling for improvement in the quality and safety standards of food crops.
• Occupational Health Safety Management in the USA The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has recorded achievements in enhancing occupational health and safety performance amid participating organizations.
• The Importance of Effective Leadership in Public Safety Effective public safety leadership requires individuals to use effective leadership styles, tools, and strategies that conform to the Franciscan Tradition.
• Microplastics as an Environmental Safety Issue One of the priorities of today’s ecologists, biotechnologists, community activists, and environmentalists is the problem of microplastic pollution.
• “Supplements and Safety” Documentary by Frontline The documentary “Supplements and Safety” by Frontline presents an insightful description of the hidden dangers of supplements and vitamins.
• Nursing Staffing Ratio and Patient Safety & Care Nurse staffing is directly proportional to the clinical outcome. Studies have revealed nurse staffing as an essential variable worth considering in promoting patient recovery.
• Proactive Safety Management System in Aviation Proactive safety and risk management are essential in organizations as they enable identifying and mitigating potential hazards in aviation.
• Patient Identification: Risks and Safety Measures The issue that has been reported at Vila Health is the placement of two patients with similar names and identical birthdays in two rooms in close proximity.
• Electrical Safety in the Perioperative Environment In a perioperative environment, the electrical risks experienced are a result of the use of electrical equipment when carrying out surgical procedures.
• Community Health Nursing and Occupational Safety Occupational Health Nurses (OHNs) are involved in ensuring workplace safety in different work environments as the key primary care providers in such environments.
• Nurses’ Burnout and Patients’ Safety This paper describes a rationale for researching topic A Relationship Between Nurses’ Burnout and Fatigue and Levels of Patients’ Safety: A Quantitative Study.
• PharmaCARE: Product Safety & Intellectual Property Using the case of PharmaCARE, this paper discusses legal and ethical considerations in marketing and advertising, product safety, and intellectual property.
• Healthcare Quality, Safety, and High-Reliability Healthcare quality is outcome-oriented. Healthcare safety encompasses the well-being of the patient. High reliability reduces errors and risks.
• Lewis Blackman Case: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses After discovering that Lewis Blackman had pectus excavatum, his parents decided to have him undergo surgery at a university medical center.
• Discussion of Food Safety Issues The paper discusses food tampering and bioterrorism are those issues that can result in fundamental problems in food safety area.
• Nurses and Patient Safety Culture Nurses are responsible for promoting quality in healthcare organizations by proposing improvement initiatives and accessing patient safety culture.
• Ireland’s Aviation Safety Strategic Plan Safety is one of the primary concerns for air transport. This report is concerned with the Irish aviation safety strategy and the ways to improve it.
• Fire and Life Safety Education Program for K-12 Although the concept of fire safety might seem self-explanatory to an adult, young students need to be taught essential rules on the subject.
• Occupational Health Safety for Nurse Practitioners The paper highlights the four most significant threats to nurse practitioners’ health in the workplace and discusses methods for mitigating hazards.
• Environmental & Best Safety (EBS) in China The given article EBS in China, written by Lin Liu and colleagues in 2018, explores the company Environmental & Best Safety (EBS), its background, and initiatives.
• Engineering Ethics: Exploitation and Worker Safety Issues This paper aims to review two types of engineering ethics issues and their solutions: exploitation and worker safety issues.
• Human Development and the Security and Safety Index The objective of this research was to look at the connection between human development and the security and safety index.
• Team Strategies & Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety In the video “Successful Outcomes Using TeamSTEPPS Techniques”, the staff demonstrates how to cooperate, make decisions, achieve the best results, and avoid mistakes.
• Health Safety in the Police Department It is especially important to provide a healthy working environment for workers of a police department, as they need to continue their service even at the time of a health crisis.
• Safety and Security Solutions at School The current proposal is concerned with enhancing the safety and security of students at schools through following three basic steps.
• Nursing: Safety for a Heart Failure Patient This case study about patient safety presents clinical indicators, team interactions, and safety concepts for a heart failure patient.
• Auditing and Metrics in Process Safety Management This paper describes characteristics of effective metrics, benefits of using metrics in Process Safety Management, and components of the auditing process.
• Quality and Safety Education for Nurses: Conceptual Model Quality and Safety Education for Nurses is a project that has been initiated to promote essential security features into health care specialists’ preparation.
• The Importance of Medication Safety The paper discusses medical safety. It is considered under the prism of modern technologies that allow medical staff to prescribe the treatment.
• Food Donation and Food Safety: Environmental Health Food safety is often taken for granted, with most people relying on basic practices and following essential hygiene standards without giving a second thought.
• Scientific Approach to Food Safety at Home The paper states that a scientific approach to handling, preparing, and storing food that explains how to prevent sickness is known as food safety.
• Risk Management and Patient Safety This report explores the 2022 Safety Management Plan for Management of the Environment of Care (EOC) at Duke University Hospital (DUH), North Carolina.
• Ireland’s Civil Aviation Safety’s Strategic Position This paper aims to analyze the current strategic position of Ireland concerning civil aviation safety and its choice of methods to continue the evolution of the sphere.
• Health and Safety Concerns Among Nurses The paper describes Australian nurses face a wide variety of work-related threats that can have devastating impacts on their health and safety.
• Patient Safety and Quality of Care Health equity is the foundation of patient safety, quality of care, and improved health outcomes for vulnerable populations.
• Family Nurse Practice Promoting Patient Safety Family Nurse Practitioners (FNPs) should get the best education in clinical practice. This essay explains how FNPs can promote patient safety.
• Crises Management in Aviation Safety Aviation security is achieved by combining information and response, the correct order of actions, and timely delegation of authority.
• Motorcycle Safety and Its Psychological Aspect The purpose of the research paper is to define how various psychological factors influence motorcyclists’ behavior in terms of safety.
• Performance in Safety Management Systems (SMS) The study will collect data on improvement patterns of SMS regulations and technologies as two qualitative independent variables and risk factors.
• Research Drug Safety Approaches Adverse effects of drugs implemented in certain treatment and care plans began to be noted a long time ago by health care specialists and scientists.
• Pressure Ulcers as a Patient Safety Issue My proposal focuses on the evidence-based practice (EBP) research project that examines different approaches to measure pressure ulcer risk and comparison of their effectiveness.
• Safety Risks in the Modern Aviation Industry The given paper is devoted to the critical evaluation of the existing safety risks in defenses available to mitigate them.
• Malnutrition and Patient Safety Healthcare Policy The paper considers patient safety as the health care policy issue of high priority. Especially, it focuses on poor nutrition as the neglected aspect of patient safety.
• Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Competencies QSEN Competencies include graduate, pre-licensure, and safety competencies targeted at developing skills and knowledge for future nursing graduates.
• Patient Safety Culture and Its Elements Every patient expects to be safe inside a hospital. It is one of the core priorities of a health provider, to avoid all possible harm that can come to the patient.
• How Should the Health Benefits of Food Safety Programs Be Measured?
• What Affects Safety When Riding Bicycle?
• How Can the Five HRO Principles Help Health Care Organizations Improve Patient Safety?
• How do Health and Safety Policies and Procedures Protect People?
• Why the FAA Has Hindered the Development of Airline Safety?
• How Are Safety Assessments Conducted on GMOs?
• Can Social Safety Nets Alleviate Seasonal Deprivation?
• How Your Actions Online Could Impact Your Safety?
• How Does Safety Influence Mining Industry?
• How Culture Can Affect an Aviation Organization‘s Safety and Performance?
• How Leadership Styles Can Help Promote Patient Safety?
• How Technology Can Aid Patient Safety during the Medication Administration?
• How Should Colleges and or Legal Regulations Balance Privacy and Safety?
• How does Medical Product Safety Affect the Patients and General Nursing?
• How Interprofessional Communication Can Impact Service User‘s Safety?
• What Does Creativity Mean in Safety-Critical Environments?
• What Are Five Patient Safety Concerns within the Operating?
• How Can Employee Involvement Contribute to Improving Occupational Health and Safety?
• How Does the Roofing Harness Help Ensure Complete Safety?
• Why Gun Safety Should Be Mandatory in School?
• How Can Safety Nets Contribute to Economic Growth?
• Why Product Liability May Lower Product Safety?
• What Safety Features Can Be Added to Cars to Cut Down on Injuries When a Car Crash Occurs?
• How does Nestle Provide Health and Safety at Work?
• How does Race Affect the Public Safety Organization?
• Acetone-Related Safety of Sigma-Aldrich Company Acetone is a dangerous chemical to deal with, and it has several safety guidelines outlined in the Safety Data Sheet of Sigma-Aldrich company.
• Fire Service Safety: Sample Plan This paper studied the main points of drawing up a sampling plan. It consists of three main points: the sampling unit, its size, and procedures.
• Aviation Safety: Technologies and Approaches This paper highlights current trends and issues related to aviation security and the many innovations and approaches taken to solve fundamental problems.
• AI, Human Control and Safety The given evaluative analysis will primarily focus on the topic of artificial intelligence, human control, and safety.
• Navigation Safety Management System & Risk Assessment The objective of the research paper is to provide an overview of the Navigational Safety Management System and Risk Assessment.
• Irish Aviation Safety and Its Strategic Position This report discusses the strategic position of aviation safety in Ireland and highlights the strategic choices and best practices.
• Threats to Patient Safety in Nursing Practice This paper identifies misdiagnosis/wrong medication prescription as the leading threats to patient safety in hospitals.
• A Safety Case Report: Coast Guard Helicopter The report has focused on the operations, functions, environment, and performance of CGH. It has explained the risk that is linked to each of these factors.
• The Healthcare Programs: Quality and Safety Measures This paper will attempt to define quality and safety measures, describe their position in nursing science, and identify the components that are required for a program’s evaluation.
• Behavior-Based Safety in the Food Industry: DO IT Method The so-called DO IT method is useful when applied to jobs in the restaurant industry, leading to an improvement in the work behavior of employees.
• A Car: Technical Specifications & Safety Features The paper provides an overall description of the car that includes the various highlights of the vehicle, its standard & safety features as well as technical specifications.
• Food Safety in the Commercial Industry In considering food safety in the commercial industry, it is important to consider this seriously since food production is carried out on a large scale to serve many people.
• Injection Safety and Syringe Reuse The reuse of syringes and needles by nurses, doctors, and other healthcare providers in Nevada and Las Vegas led to the spread of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.
• Road Safety Precautions for Drivers Many people, who have disobeyed traffic laws, exist for the safety of everyone; have ended up dead or killing innocent people.
• Patient Safety in the Healthcare Workplace Culture The participation of the entire workers in the healthcare environment in improving the safety standards enhances the culture of safety.
• Effects of Nurse Staffing Levels on Patient Safety Low levels of nursing are not strongly associated with the actual quality of care since the latter depends on nurses’ competence and nurse-patient communication.
• Patient Safety: Practice Change Project The concept of patient safety is a vital part of nursing that is, however, sometimes excluded from the staff’s discussions about organizational culture.
• Nurse Staffing and Patient Care Quality and Safety The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of nurse staffing on patient care and reveal opportunities for quality improvement.
• The Relationship Between Understaffing of Nurses and Patient Safety in Hospitals The healthcare system should be in compliance with numerous factors of a different kind to provide proper adherence to treatment and medication for every individual.
• Pedestrian: Promoting Safety and Reducing Risk This work presents the outline for the implementation of a simple educational program and intervention to promote pedestrian safety and reduce injury risk for childhood.
• Patients Safety and Needs in Healthcare Environment Creating the environment in which patients’ needs can be identified and met successfully is essential in the ever-changing environment of global healthcare.
• Labor Relations Issue: Occupational Health and Safety The problem of occupational health and safety is of high significance from both the ethical and the practical perspectives.
• Patient Safety Competency of Nursing Education The key KSA captured in Quality & Safety Education for Nurses safety includes the adoption of “national patient safety resources” in nursing practice.
• Ergonomics and Work Safety in the Foundry Industry Ergonomics plays the key role in the workplace safety and the process excellence regarding the foundry industry. The research is based on studying two foundry companies.
• Safety Plan for the Warehouse with Refrigeration This is a safety plan for a very large warehouse with a large refrigerated section. The necessity of the plan is caused by workers’ reports about cases of illnesses.
• The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Project Nurses who acquired competencies identified in the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses project can manage and change practices to improve service standards.
• Teamwork and Improved Patient Safety Researches in the field of healthcare present new ideas and concepts for improving practice to the emerging needs of the identified patients.
• Patient Safety in Dental Hygiene This paper emphasizes the importance of patient safety in the field of dental hygiene and highlights the health risks associated with dental procedures.
• Patient Safety Improvement After Sentinel Event The hospital must ensure the proper quality of medical equipment and supplies so that no errors occur due to equipment failures.
• Error Chains and Safety Management Systems Due to their inherent hazards and lethal potential, aviation accidents constitute critical events requiring thorough investigations
• Safety Management Systems in Aviation The authors consider the current state of the SMS in aviation, suggesting general approaches such as a comparative assessment based on a unified system, offering detailed calculations.
• Safety Management System (SMS) in Aviation SMS is directly related to the provision of safety to the staff that is largely founded on the adherence to and advocating of the established standards by the personnel themselves.
• Safety Presented by the Use of Bisphenol-A (BPA) Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an essential chemical compound used in the manufacture of a variety of plastic-based materials.
• Port Safety and How to Improve It Risks in the event of a collision include loss of confidence in port security procedures by stakeholders, which can result in loss of revenue for the port.
• Model of Nursing Care and Patient Safety Describe how the model of nursing care practiced in the workplace relates to the ANA Nursing Code of Ethics and patient safety.
• Safety Management System at Work Altogether, relying on safety procedures can ensure stability in implementing defense management, but it can also negatively impact the output.
• Aviation Industry and Safety Management Systems The research question for this study is whether the available technology and regulations improve safety management systems in airlines/airports.
• Healthcare Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan Communication failures or errors of emission between the medical workers are considered the most common cause of medical failures in about 30% of the cases.
• Enhancing Quality and Safety of the Patient This paper will discuss the risk factors of patient falls and evidence-based solutions to this issue and will explore the role of nurses in preventing falls.
• Patient Safety Culture in the Healthcare Workplace The issue ofsafety became so polarizing and crucial, patient safety measures became one of the focuses of every health care institution.
• Management of Change and Professional Safety – Article Critique Risk management is the procedures and actions that allow a manager to identify, evaluate, monitor and eliminate risks before or during their transformation into problems.
• Nurse Empowerment, Self-Efficacy, and Patient Safety Nursing professionals’ vigilance at the bedside is essential to safeguard patient care and to detect medical errors such as incorrect medication orders.
• Jackson Memorial Hospital: Risk Management and Safety Officers Jackson Memorial Hospital is one of the teaching non-profit healthcare organizations located in Miami, Florida.
• Urban Parks between Safety and Aesthetics The park visitors need to know how to take care of the park, and the officials need to know how to do their job properly.
• Patient Care in Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Nurses should understand a variety of care forms while paying attention to patients’ preferences and backgrounds, coordination of care, communication, emotional support, education.
• Nurses’ Work-Life Balance and Patient Safety The research problem is to reveal the connection between the work schedule of nurses and work/family balance, health, and patient safety.
• The Roles of Nurses in Providing Nutrition Safety While health care specialists pay a lot of attention to safety of medications, care, technology, and hygiene, the problem of malnutrition remains heavily underestimated.
• Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.’s Safety Policies The case study overviews the Health, Safety and Environment aspects of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. policies. It raises the issues of positioning and differentiating.
• Food Safety and Information Bulletin Factors that contribute to food poisoning include; holding food at the wrong temperature which is mostly caused by inadequate cooling and inadequate cooking.
• Nursing: Medication Errors and Patients’ Safety Nursing involves a variety of responsibilities, that are crucial to help patients heal. The paper analyzes medication errors and patients’ safety.
• The Meat Inspection and Food Safety Issues The safety of the food that people consume must be carefully checked before it hits the shelves. However, the inspection only checks some pieces of meat that enter the stores.
• Risk Management, Quality and Safety in Healthcare To reduce the risks of errors, clinics improve the quality and safety of medical activities and the efficiency of workers. They carry out internal quality control of medical care.
• The Line Operation Safety Audit (LOSA) Benefits Line operation safety audit (LOSA) is a safety tool designed to gather cockpit observation without jeopardy whenever a normal flight operation occurs.
• Enhancing Patient Safety Through Health Care Standards A shared understanding of standards and practices eliminates prejudice, provides quality treatments for every patient, and makes the healthcare industry more transparent.
• Enhancing Aviation Safety: Monitoring Pilot Fatigue With ECG Signals Fatigue poses a critical safety risk to civil and military aviation because may lead to errors that could potentially compromise the safety of the crew and passengers.
• Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment Rapid action is required from emergency response organizations to avert potential dangers to medical personnel.
• NCSBN’s Role in Promoting Quality Nursing Care and Patient Safety Generally, the nursing sector is a sensitive area that requires proper oversight of the practices undertaken by different practitioners and agencies.
• Accountability, Leadership, Professionalism, Good Communication, and Safety in Prescribing An essential worldwide health resource management concern is the dearth of healthcare professionals in many settings.
• Patient Safety and Clinical Handover Process Patient safety is one of the factors that hospitals aim to improve. In settings where the number of patients increases, the clinical handover process becomes an issue of quality.
• Advocating for Workplace Health and Safety in Nursing The current paper states that workplace health and safety standards for nurses are prerequisites for efficient and productive working.
• The Lack of Food Safety in Kansas City, Missouri Food safety is crucial in storing, preparing, and handling food in restaurants and other establishments where meals and refreshments can be ordered.
• Special Response Teams: Safety Issues Though Special Response Teams are beneficial, administrators in law enforcement should effectively manage the risks associated with special response police officers.
• Hoeganaes Corporation’s Fire Safety Assessment The paper states that Hoeganaes Corporation in Gallatin reported three incidents related to the violation of the fire safety protocols.
• Patient Safety Culture and Related Practice Changes The paper aims to explain the concept of patient safety culture and the paradigm that can facilitate change in a healthcare environment when practice changes are necessary.
• Self-Assessment of Public Safety Followership When leaders formulate or settle on policies, their followers must carry them out and ensure they have adhered to them.
• Civil Aviation Safety Authorities in Australia Aviation safety is enabled and ensured by a wide range of mandatory practices, policies, assessments, evaluations, and systems.
• Quality Safety and Outcome of Cleveland and Mayo Clinics Healthcare organizations use numerous methods to assess quality; as a result, the data from the Cleveland Clinic and Mayo Clinic will be analyzed in this study.
• Hazard Analysis in Food Safety In the United States, just like in any other country, it is the manufacturers’ responsibility to produce fairly safe products.
• Food Industry: The Safety Issues Among the many problems of the food industry, the identification of food products is the most relevant and multifaceted.
• Drug Errors: Enhancing Care Quality and Safety Though numerous new technologies have been developed to improve healthcare delivery, drug errors continue to be an issue in the United States.
• Risk Management and Patient Safety: Health Services Management The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act designates a voluntary reporting system to expand the available data to evaluate and address patient safety.
• The Safety of the McDowell Company’s Employees Abroad The paper discusses the main details necessary for a clear designation of the workspace and the steps needed to ensure the safety of the McDowell company’s employees abroad.
• Military Aviation Safety and Human Factor The current report examines the connection between military aviation safety and the human factor, exploring the most pressing concerns within the topic.
• The Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials International To become a member of the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials International, a person needs to submit an application and pay a membership fee.
• Medication Safety: Deconstructing Clinical Workflow Pharmaceutical mistakes are risky, and these errors have a high financial and human cost to the American healthcare system.
• Data Safety Monitoring Theory and Practice The present lecture provides information in regard to the process of data safety monitoring and the correct organization of a data safety monitoring board.
• Domestic Shipping Safety in Pacific Region One of the most challenging difficulties facing Pacific archipelagic states is ensuring the supply of appropriate, efficient, and dependable domestic shipping services.
• Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Project’s Impacts QSEN is a nursing project that aims to link nursing education with best practices regarding quality and safety standards.
• Agriculture and Food Safety in the United States Agriculture in the United States has grown progressively centralized. The shortcomings in the 2018 U.S. farm legislation resulted in multiple challenges in the food system.
• The Proactive Aviation Safety There are many indications that commercial air travel increases, meaning that the number of incidents will also increase without specific measures to decrease the accident rate.
• Boeing 737 MAX Aircraft: Safety Issues
• A Spontaneous Reporting System for Drug Safety Surveillance
• 911 Evolution: Computer-Aided Design for Personal Safety
• Safety Improvement in Cockpit and Airport Operations
• Analysis of BP’s Safety Program Failure
• Festivals in Kamloops: Safety and Security Issues Related to the COVID-19
• How Network Security Devices and Safety of the Computer Systems and Networks
• Researching of Fire Service Safety
• Summer Safety in the Beach: The Viral Video
• Global Issues in Healthcare: Cultural Competence and Patient Safety
• Society’s Safety and Ways of Improvement
• Gender, Emotional Labor, Harm, and Safety
• Vulnerable Population: Safety Concerns
• The Implementation of a Safety Improvement Initiative in Healthcare Institutions
• Abortion Safety as Topic of Sociological Studies
• Researching of Patient Safety and EPB System
• Impact of Information Literacy on Safety
• Parents and Children’s E-Safety Education During the Pandemic
• Safety Culture in the Healthcare Workplace
• Safety Considerations of a Commercial Airport
• Bullying and Patient Safety in Clinical Settings
• Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety
• The Healthcare Workplace: Patient Safety Culture
• Safety and Health Care Quality in Nursing
• Deadly Deliveries: Insufficient Safety Practices & Maternal Death
• Safety Committees of Kindred Hospital Houston Northwest
• Safety Management System for Non-Part 121 Operator
• Improving Patient Safety in the Radiology Department of a Hospital
• Safety and Effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
• Safety Measures of Social Worker in Education
• Gun Safety Policy Towards a Safer Future for Kids
• Safety Responsibility: Samsung Case
• Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Evaluation
• Medicare: Choosing a Healthcare Facility Based on Quality and Safety
• Nursing Areas of Difficulty: Patient Safety and Expectations
• Safety Professional Working In an Australian Context
• Practices for Healthcare Staff’s Personal Safety
• Sao Paulo Airport Safety Evaluation
• Safety, Communication, and Informatics in Nursing
• Sobriety Tests by National Highway Transportation Safety Administration
• Speed Limits as the Cornerstone of Road Safety
• Bike Safety Promotion: Grant Application
• Safety Management Systems in Aviation
• Cultural Safety Position of Family Planning Victoria
• Patient Safety: Caring for the Public’s Health
• Documentation, Emr, and Patient Safety
• Safety Management: Paris-Le Bourget Airport
• Criminal Justice System for Public Safety
• The Online Personal Health Records on Medication Accuracy and Safety
• Fire Laboratory Conversion Into a Lecture Theatre: Fire Safety Report
• Scientific Overview of Orthokeratology Technique and Safety
• Medical Error and Patient Safety
• Psychotropic Medication Prevalence: Safety Issues
• Healthcare: The Focus on Patient Safety
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Benzene Exposure Rule
• The Patient Safety Issues in Today’s Diverse Global Environment
• Medication Safety and Drug Therapy Process
• Healthcare: Safety in the Nursing Field
• Safety Evaluation Techniques and Accident Data Analysis
• Health Care and Public Safety in California
• Championing Quality and Patient Safety
• Law That Aims to Protect School Safety Acts of Kindness in Society
• Patients’ Safety in the United States
• Nurse-Led Program on Food Safety Problem
• The Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Engineering Ethics
• Reducing Risks Through Safety Design
• Clinical Practice Summary: Efficacy of Safety Helmets
• Community Resources that Promote Safety. Marion Senior Services
• Traffic Accidents and Infant Safety Seats
• Labor Laws: Occupational Health and Safety Act & Fair Labor Standards Act
• The Motor Vehicle Safety Analysis
• Risk Management and Safety
• Nurse Staffing Standards for Patient Safety
• An Approach to Studying Patient Safety by Stichler
• Improvement in Aviation Safety Management Systems
• Medication Safety and Reconciliation in a Homecare Setting after Discharge from the Hospital
• Safety, Independence and Least Restrictive Environments
• How Health Informatics Impacts Patient Safety: Telemedicine and Virtual Visits
• Radiation Safety at an Organization
• Alternative Methods in Safety Management in Engineering
• The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Allowing Armed Teachers on Campus as Safety Measures
• Acme Manufacturing Company and Employees’ Safety
• Consumer Product Safety: Relations and Standarts
• The Safety Hierarchy and Hierarchy of Controls
• Plastic Contamination and Marine Ecosystem Safety
• Patient Safety Incidents in the Home: Nursing Case
• How Health Informatics Impacts Patient Safety
• Design and Implementation of the Safety Program
• Does Lean Management Improve Patient Safety Culture
• Public CCTV Surveillance: Safety vs. Privacy
• National Patient Safety Overview
• The Safety in Nursing Analysis
• Safety & Lean: One Manufacturer’s Lessons Learned and Best Practices
• Research Methodologies for Crane Workers Safety
• Energy Safety and Earthquake Hazards Program
• A Person’s Safety Is Not Increased by Buying a Gun
• Risk and Safety Management in Project Development
• Food Safety Issues and Standards
• Public Safety Department of Connecticut vs. John Doe
• Health Care Leaders and Patient Safety
• Efficacy and Safety of Human Papillomavirus ‘Gardasil’
• Airline Safety Practices and Medication Administration
• The Range of Regulations Applicable to Health and Safety in Construction
• Nursing Research for Patients’ Safety and Health
• Organizational Culture in Public Safety in Harris County
• US Safety in the State of International Anarchy
• Safety and Secure Risk Management
• Safety and Security Risk Management
• Oncology Nursing Society: Chemotherapy Safety Standards
• Nurse Safety Adherence During Chemotherapy
• Implementation of a Patient Engagement Tool to Improve In-Clinic Safety of Diabetic Patients
• Health Informatics: Impacts on Patient Safety and Care
• National Patient Safety Goals: Critical Care Access
• Nurse Staffing Standards for Hospital Patient Safety
• Patient Safety Promotion as Nursing Practice Issue
• Patient Safety Culture and Practice Change Frameworks
• Effect of Transformational Leadership on Job Satisfaction and Patient Safety
• Patient Safety and Nursing Satisfaction Project
• Safety Officer at the Palmetto General Hospital in Miami
• Safety Guidance Adherence Among Oncology Nurses
• Unified Model of Patient Safety and Nursing Care
• Technology for Patient Safety: Change Proposal
• Violence and Safety Concerns in the Emergency Department
• Safety and Violence Protocol: Evaluation Plan
• Safety and Violence Protocol in Emergency Care
• The Issues of Safety and Violence in the Emergency Care
• Medication Errors: Patient Safety Concern in Nursing
• School Safety and Gun Violence Prevention
• Train Control and Safety: Public Policy Meeting
• Crime Scene Safety and Security in the United States
• Economic Analysis of Airline Safety
• Employee Subsidies, Benefits and Workplace Safety
• RFID Chips: Safety in Personal Identification Tags
• Six Sigma Phases and Lean Principles for Safety
• Genetically Modified Food Safety and Benefits
• Clinical Decision Support System for Patient Safety
• Implementation of Workplace Safety Standards Regarding Chemicals
• Pressure Ulcer: Safety Score Improvement Plan
• Healthcare Reform for Availability and Safety
• Medication Administration Errors and Patient Safety Risks
• Safety and Violence Policies in Emergency Departments
• Private Health Information’s Safety
• Patient Safety and Nurse Working Conditions
• Patient Safety and Healthcare Quality
• Medication Compliance and Safety Use
• Hospital Risk Management and Patient Safety
• Healthcare-Associated Infections and Safety Practice
• Patient Safety Standards and Medication Errors Policy
• Nursing Education: Quality, Safety and Systems Thinking
• Medical Errors Minimization for Patient Safety
• Safety Check Improvement at Sikorsky Aircraft
• Drug Safety Approach in Advanced Nursing Practice
• Medical Errors as a Threat to Patient Safety
• Nursing’s Informatics and Patient Safety
• How Canadian Government Could Improve Food Safety?
• Medical Errors, Economic Effect and Patient Safety
• Alzheimer’s Patient Safety Improvement Strategies
• Safety of Healthcare Information: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
• Patient-Oriented Care and Safety in Healthcare
• Exxon Mobil Company’s Sustainable Safety Culture
• Electronic Health Records and Safety Incidents
• Casinos: Occupational Safety and Drug-Free Workplace
• Medication Safety in Patient-Centered Nursing Care
• Patient Safety in the Delivery of Nursing Services
• Drug Safety Approach in Administration and Nursing
• Iraq and Afghanistan Wars for American Safety
• Healthcare Accessibility, Disparity, and Safety
• Patient Safety and Risk Management Plan Development
• Patient Safety as Nursing Core Competency
• Immunization, Safety Concerns, and Public Attitude
• Occupational Safety Change Management
• Packaging in Marketing, Food Safety, Environment
• Linking Cultural Diversity and Work Safety

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StudyCorgi . "370 Safety Research Topics & Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/safety-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "370 Safety Research Topics & Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/safety-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Safety were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 21, 2024 .

Workplace Health and Safety Research

Completed research projects.

We have completed research projects across several areas important to workplace health and safety. 

A major area of our research has focused on leading indicators of health and safety in workplaces.

Some examples of reports produced in our completed research projects are shown below.

Reports available:

Health, safety and work-related violence experienced by healthcare workers (2023)

This report presents a summary of the key findings of a research project exploring experience of work-related violence and aggression faced by Victorian healthcare workers. The project was completed in 2022-2023 in collaboration with WorkSafe Victoria and three Victorian unions: the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation Victorian branch (ANMF Vic Branch), the Health and Community Services Union (HACSU), and the Victorian Allied Health Professionals Association (VAHPA). Using a mixed methods approach, the findings of this project are based on 1,435 online surveys completed by members of the three unions and 50 interviews conducted with union members and healthcare industry experts.

The results from this project show that most of the healthcare workers surveyed had experienced work-related violence and aggression. Workplace bullying was experienced by approximately half of the workers responding to the survey, which is higher than has been found in previous studies with comparable groups. Work-related gendered violence was experienced by approximately 15 percent of the surveyed healthcare workers. The impact of experiencing any form of work-related violence and aggression on personal wellbeing and psychological distress is substantial and consistent across the healthcare sector. We also found that work-related violence and aggression can not only affect the individual experiencing it but also those who have witnessed or heard about it.

The prevention and management of work-related violence and aggression in the healthcare sector is complex and resolving this problem requires change and commitment at all levels and across the span of of the healthcare system.

Psychological safety at work: Attitudes to bullying (2021 )

This report was prepared for WorkSafe Victoria and the Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research (ISCRR).  The main aims of this project were to: (a) develop and validate a brief suite of tools that can be used as a “pulse check” to measure: (a) attitudes towards bullying, (b) bullying behaviour, and (c) perceptions of the psychosocial work environment. To further these aims,  we conducted an anonymous online survey with a sample of 1,000  employed adults from the State of Victoria. Our validated suite of tools can be used to help identify workplaces and industries where negative attitudes and behaviours may place employees at risk of psychosocial harm, and  monitor the outcomes of attitude-based interventions to improve psychosocial safety at work.

O n-demand economy: A snapshot review (2020)

This snapshot review of literature was prepared for WorkSafe Victoria and the Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research (ISCRR). The aims of this snapshot review were to:

• define the gig economy;
• examine the characteristics of gig economy workers and their working environments in Australia;
• compare the characteristics of gig workers and their working environment in Australia to the characteristics of gig workers and their working environments in similar liberal market economies;
• summarise the regulatory challenges created by the gig economy; and
• summarise the opportunity for policy developments with a comparison between Australia and similar liberal market economies.

On-demand economy in Victoria: A survey report (2020)

This survey report was prepared for WorkSafe Victoria and the Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research (ISCRR).

Responses to an online survey were received from 1,015 gig workers. The report presents an overview of the characteristics of gig workers and their working environment in the State of Victoria, as well as their motivations for working in the on-demand economy. We also report on respondent perceptions of their health, safety and wellbeing as well as self-reported safety incidents (i.e., injury or illness, near misses, violence and aggression, sexual harassment and racial vilification).

OHS Survey of Australian Education Union (Victorian Branch) Members (2020)

This report presents results of a survey conducted with members of the Australian Education Union (AEU) Victorian branch in August and September 2019 by the Monash Workplace Health and Safety Research Team. The survey addressed a range of areas relevant to occupational health and safety (OHS).

Previously, in 2014, the Monash Workplace Health and Safety Research Team conducted a survey with the AEU Victorian branch with the aim of providing an overview of their members’ perceptions of OHS, safety behaviours and other elements of work-related experiences along with self-reported OHS outcomes. The current report presents a similar analysis of union members’ perceptions of OHS, their safety behaviours within the workplace and OHS outcomes along with new information related to work demands and levels of incivility, aggression and violence experienced by the Victorian educator workforce. This new information can be used as the basis for ongoing recording of these issues in subsequent years.

The aim of the report is to present the AEU with an overview of their members’ perceptions of OHS, safety behaviours and other elements of work-related experience, as well as self-reported OHS outcomes.

An investigation of post-incident support for healthcare workers experiencing occupational violence and aggression (2018)

This report presents results from a larger survey that was conducted with members of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF) (Victorian Branch) in April and May 2014. The focus of this report is on respondent perceptions of post-incident support following their experience of occupational violence and aggression (OVA). By investigating the barriers and challenges related to the reporting of OVA, this report identifies areas for the development and implementation of policy, workplace-based strategies, evaluation and research focused on OVA.

Testing the predictive validity of the Health and Safety Inspector Checklist (HaSIC): A follow-up study (2018)  

This report presents the results of a follow-up validation study of the Health and Safety Inspector Checklist (HaSIC), a brief tool that can be used by inspectors to assess the potential of workplaces to keep everyone healthy and safe. For details of the initial trial project, see the 2016 report ‘Development and Testing of the Health and Safety Inspector Checklist (HaSIC)’. This follow-up study provides important evidence showing that the HaSIC has sound predictive validity as demonstrated by the findings that initial ratings by inspectors using this tool are predictive of a number of subsequent WorkCover claim outcomes.  The findings demonstrate that the HaSIC has very good psychometric properties with the potential to: 1) assist inspectors and the health and safety regulator to identify workplaces most at risk of OHS incidents; 2) standardise the inspection process; and 3) enhance the development of new inspectors with limited tacit knowledge.

Final Report on the OHS Leading Indicators Research Project (2016) 

This report presents a summary of all stages of the OHS Leading Indicators Project and information about the Organizational Performance Metric – Monash University (OPM-MU).

Development and Validation of the Health and Safety Inspector Checklist (HaSIC) with WorkSafe Victoria inspectors (2016)

This report presents the development and testing of the Health and Safety Inspector Checklist (HaSIC), a brief, generic OHS checklist that could be used by inspectors in their evaluations of worksites.

An analysis of leading indicators as predictors of workplace OHS outcomes in Australian workplaces (2015)

This report presents the results of the Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) Survey with 3605 workers, supervisors and managers in 66 workplaces in six industries.

Survey of Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (Victoria) Members (2015)

This report shows results from the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Survey, with responses from 4,891 members of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF) (Victorian Branch)

Survey of Australian Education Union (Victoria) Members (2015)

This report shows results of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Survey, with responses from 4,750 members of the Australian Education Union (AEU) (Victorian Branch).

Comparison of AEU and ANMF members’ views on OHS (2015)

This report compares key results of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) surveys with ANMF and AEU members, focusing on safety climate, OHS leadership and workers’ engagement in safety.

Comparing OHS for public hospital workers and aged care workers (2016)

This report compares key results of an Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) survey with ANMF members working in aged care facilities and public hospitals.

Brief Survey of Health and Safety Representatives (2015)

This report shows results of a brief survey with responses from 639 attendees at a session in the WorkSafe Victoria Health and Safety Week 2015 Health and Safety Representatives’ Conference.

Leading indicators of OHS – A snapshot review (2012)

This report presents a review of the literature on leading indicators of OHS and identifies and evaluates scales that measure this construct, including the IWH Organizational Performance Metric (IWH-OPM: Amick, 2010; IWH, 2011).

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A New Model Proposal for Occupational Health and Safety

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Occupational health and safety aims to protect the life, health and safety of employees by taking measures for occupational accidents, health problems, occupational diseases and various risks that may occur in the working environment. Even if the assurance systems are fully implemented, the success rate will be adversely affected when it comes to the human factor. Although OHS is subject to various laws and procedures, the processes need to be improved and made lean in order to be implemented successfully. The workplace environment needs to be regular, visible and quickly accessible in order to be safe. Applying lean philosophy for this purpose brings great success in creating this environment. This study presents a “Lean Occupational Health and Safety Model”, which acts as a guide for meeting the occupational health and safety requirements of the environment. The aim of the presented model is to increase the success of OHS practices by making work environments lean and visual. Successful results were obtained by applying the model step by step to a laboratory. The risks identified as a result of applying the model were corrected using Lean Techniques.

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Ulu, M., Birgün, S. (2022). A New Model Proposal for Occupational Health and Safety. In: Durakbasa, N.M., Gençyılmaz, M.G. (eds) Digitizing Production Systems. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90421-0_29

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151+ Public Health Research Topics [Updated 2024]

The important area of public health research is essential to forming laws, influencing medical procedures, and eventually enhancing community well-being. As we delve into the vast landscape of public health research topics, it’s essential to understand the profound impact they have on society.

This blog aims to provide a comprehensive guide to selecting and understanding the diverse array of public health research topics.

Overview of Public Health Research Topics

Table of Contents

Public health research encompasses a wide range of subjects, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the field. From epidemiology and health policy to environmental health and infectious diseases, researchers navigate through various dimensions to address complex health challenges.

Each category holds its own significance, contributing to the overall understanding of public health dynamics.

Key Considerations in Selecting Public Health Research Topics

• Current Relevance: Assess the timeliness of potential topics by considering recent health trends, emerging issues, and societal concerns.
• Impact on Public Health: Evaluate the potential impact of the research on improving health outcomes, addressing disparities, or influencing policy and interventions.
• Feasibility and Resources: Gauge the practicality of conducting research on a particular topic, considering available resources, data accessibility, and research infrastructure.
• Ethical Considerations: Scrutinize the ethical implications of the research, ensuring it aligns with ethical standards and guidelines, especially when dealing with vulnerable populations or sensitive topics.

Top 151+ Public Health Research Topics

Epidemiology.

• The Impact of Social Determinants on Disease Outcomes
• Patterns and Trends in Emerging Infectious Diseases
• Investigating Health Disparities among Different Ethnic Groups
• Childhood Obesity and its Long-Term Health Consequences
• Assessing the Effectiveness of Contact Tracing in Disease Control

Health Policy

• Universal Healthcare: Comparative Analysis of Global Models
• The Role of Telemedicine in Improving Healthcare Access
• Evaluating Mental Health Policies and Their Impact on Communities
• Assessing the Impact of Affordable Care Act on Public Health
• Vaccine Policies and Public Perception: A Comprehensive Study

Environmental Health

• Climate Change and Health: Adapting to the Challenges
• Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Urban Environments
• Waterborne Diseases and Strategies for Safe Water Supply
• Occupational Health Hazards: A Comprehensive Workplace Analysis
• The Impact of Green Spaces on Mental Health in Urban Areas

Infectious Diseases

• Antimicrobial Resistance: Strategies for Mitigation
• Vaccination Strategies and Herd Immunity
• Global Health Security: Preparedness for Pandemics
• The Impact of Vector-Borne Diseases on Public Health
• Emerging Trends in Antibiotic-Resistant Infections

Chronic Diseases

• Lifestyle Interventions for Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases
• Genetic Factors in the Development of Cancer: A Comprehensive Study
• Aging and Health: Addressing the Healthcare Needs of the Elderly
• Diabetes Prevention Programs: Efficacy and Implementation
• Mental Health in Chronic Disease Patients: Bridging the Gap

Maternal and Child Health

• Maternal Mortality: Understanding Causes and Prevention
• The Impact of Breastfeeding on Infant Health and Development
• Childhood Immunization: Barriers and Strategies for Improvement
• Teenage Pregnancy and Its Long-Term Health Consequences
• Mental Health Support for Postpartum Women: Current Gaps and Solutions

Health Behavior and Promotion

• Smoking Cessation Programs: Effectiveness and Challenges
• Physical Activity Promotion in Schools: Strategies for Success
• Nutrition Education and Its Impact on Healthy Eating Habits
• Mental Health Awareness Campaigns: Assessing Public Perceptions
• The Role of Social Media in Health Promotion

Global Health

• Assessing the Impact of International Aid on Global Health
• Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Programs in Developing Countries
• The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Global Health
• Communicable Disease Control in Refugee Populations
• Global Access to Essential Medicines: Challenges and Solutions

Community Health

• Community-Based Participatory Research: Best Practices and Challenges
• The Impact of Community Health Workers on Health Outcomes
• Health Literacy and its Relationship to Health Disparities
• Assessing the Effectiveness of Mobile Health (mHealth) Interventions
• Community Resilience in the Face of Public Health Crises

Healthcare Quality and Patient Safety

• Hospital-Acquired Infections: Strategies for Prevention
• Patient Safety Culture in Healthcare Organizations
• Quality Improvement Initiatives in Primary Care Settings
• Healthcare Accreditation: Impact on Patient Outcomes
• Implementing Electronic Health Records: Challenges and Benefits

Mental Health

• Stigma Reduction Programs for Mental Health Disorders
• Integrating Mental Health into Primary Care Settings
• The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health: Long-Term Implications
• Mental Health in the Workplace: Strategies for Employee Well-being
• Suicide Prevention Programs: Effectiveness and Outreach

Health Disparities

• Racial Disparities in Healthcare: Addressing Systemic Inequities
• LGBTQ+ Health Disparities and Inclusive Healthcare Practices
• Socioeconomic Status and Access to Healthcare Services
• Geographical Disparities in Health: Rural vs. Urban
• The Impact of Gender on Health Outcomes and Access to Care

Public Health Education

• Evaluation of Public Health Education Programs
• Innovative Approaches to Teaching Public Health Concepts
• Online Health Education Platforms: Opportunities and Challenges
• Interdisciplinary Training in Public Health: Bridging Gaps
• Continuing Education for Public Health Professionals: Current Landscape

Digital Health

• The Role of Wearable Devices in Health Monitoring
• Telehealth Adoption: Barriers and Opportunities
• Health Apps for Chronic Disease Management: User Perspectives
• Blockchain Technology in Healthcare: Privacy and Security Implications
• Artificial Intelligence in Disease Diagnosis and Prediction

Health Economics

• Cost-Effectiveness of Preventive Health Interventions
• The Impact of Healthcare Financing Models on Access to Care
• Pharmaceutical Pricing and Access to Essential Medicines
• Economic Evaluation of Health Promotion Programs
• Health Insurance Coverage and Health Outcomes: A Global Perspective

Innovations in Public Health

• 3D Printing in Healthcare: Applications and Future Prospects
• Gene Editing Technologies and their Ethical Implications
• Smart Cities and Public Health: Integrating Technology for Well-being
• Nanotechnology in Medicine: Potential for Disease Treatment
• The Role of Drones in Public Health: Surveillance and Intervention

Food Safety and Nutrition

• Foodborne Illness Outbreaks: Investigating Causes and Prevention
• Sustainable Food Systems: Implications for Public Health
• Nutritional Interventions for Malnutrition in Developing Countries
• Food Labeling and Consumer Understanding: A Critical Review
• The Impact of Fast Food Consumption on Public Health

Substance Abuse

• Opioid Epidemic: Strategies for Prevention and Treatment
• Harm Reduction Approaches in Substance Abuse Programs
• Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Public Health Outcomes
• Smoking and Mental Health: Exploring the Connection
• Novel Psychoactive Substances: Emerging Threats and Strategies

Occupational Health

• Workplace Stress and Mental Health: Intervention Strategies
• Occupational Hazards in Healthcare Professions: A Comparative Analysis
• Ergonomics in the Workplace: Improving Worker Health and Productivity
• Night Shift Work and Health Consequences: Addressing Challenges
• Occupational Health and Safety Regulations: A Global Overview

Disaster Preparedness and Response

• Pandemic Preparedness and Lessons from COVID-19
• Natural Disasters and Mental Health: Post-Traumatic Stress
• Emergency Response Systems: Improving Timeliness and Efficiency
• Communicating Health Risks During Emergencies: Public Perception
• Collaborative Approaches to Disaster Response in Global Health

Cancer Research

• Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment: Current Advancements
• Cancer Screening Programs: Efficacy and Challenges
• Environmental Factors and Cancer Risk: Exploring Connections
• Survivorship Care Plans: Enhancing Quality of Life after Cancer
• Integrative Therapies in Cancer Care: Complementary Approaches

Sexual and Reproductive Health

• Access to Contraception in Developing Countries: Challenges and Solutions
• Comprehensive Sex Education Programs: Impact on Teen Pregnancy
• Reproductive Health Rights: Global Perspectives and Challenges
• Infertility Treatment: Ethical Considerations and Societal Impact
• Maternal and Child Health in Conflict Zones: Addressing Challenges

Cardiovascular Health

• Hypertension Prevention Programs: Strategies and Effectiveness
• Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Gender-Specific Risk Factors
• Innovations in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs
• Artificial Heart Technology: Advancements and Ethical Implications
• Impact of Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Health: A Global Concern

Social Determinants of Health

• Educational Attainment and Health Outcomes: Exploring Links
• Income Inequality and its Impact on Population Health
• Social Support Networks and Mental Health: A Comprehensive Study
• Neighborhood Environments and Health Disparities
• Employment and Health: The Interplay of Work and Well-being

Genomics and Public Health

• Population Genomics and its Implications for Public Health
• Genetic Counseling and Education: Empowering Individuals and Families
• Ethical Issues in Genetic Research: Privacy and Informed Consent
• Pharmacogenomics: Tailoring Drug Therapies to Individual Genotypes
• Gene-Environment Interactions in Disease Risk: Unraveling Complexities

Public Health Ethics

• Informed Consent in Public Health Research: Current Practices
• Ethical Challenges in Global Health Research: Balancing Priorities
• Confidentiality in Public Health Reporting: Striking the Right Balance
• Research with Vulnerable Populations: Ethical Considerations
• Ethical Implications of Emerging Technologies in Healthcare

Health Communication

• The Role of Media in Shaping Public Health Perceptions
• Health Literacy Interventions: Improving Understanding of Health Information
• Social Media Campaigns for Public Health Promotion: Best Practices
• Tailoring Health Messages for Diverse Audiences: Cultural Competency
• Risk Communication in Public Health Emergencies: Lessons Learned

Nutrigenomics

• Personalized Nutrition Plans based on Genetic Makeup
• Impact of Nutrigenomics on Chronic Disease Prevention
• Ethical Considerations in Nutrigenomics Research
• Public Perceptions of Nutrigenomic Testing: A Qualitative Study
• Integrating Nutrigenomics into Public Health Policies

Public Health and Artificial Intelligence

• Predictive Analytics in Disease Surveillance: Harnessing AI for Early Detection
• Ethical Considerations in AI-Driven Health Decision Support Systems
• Machine Learning in Epidemiology: Predicting Disease Outbreaks
• Natural Language Processing in Public Health: Text Mining for Insights
• Bias in AI Algorithms: Implications for Health Equity

Health Disparities in Aging

• Geriatric Health Disparities: Bridging the Gap in Elderly Care
• Ageism in Healthcare: Addressing Stereotypes and Discrimination
• Social Isolation and Health Consequences in Aging Populations
• Access to Palliative Care for Older Adults: A Global Perspective
• Alzheimer’s Disease and Ethnic Disparities in Diagnosis and Treatment
• Loneliness and Mental Health in the Elderly: Interventions and Support

Research Methodologies in Public Health

Public health research employs various methodologies, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches. Each method brings its own strengths to the research process, allowing researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex issues they investigate. 

Community-based participatory research is another valuable approach, emphasizing collaboration with communities to address their specific health concerns.

Challenges and Opportunities in Public Health Research

While public health research is immensely rewarding, it comes with its own set of challenges. Funding constraints, ethical dilemmas, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the integration of technology pose both obstacles and opportunities. 

Researchers must navigate these challenges to ensure their work has a meaningful impact on public health.

In conclusion, public health research topics are diverse and dynamic, reflecting the complex nature of the field. As researchers embark on their journeys, they must carefully consider the relevance, impact, and ethical implications of their chosen topics. 

The collaborative and interdisciplinary nature of public health research positions it as a powerful tool in addressing the health challenges of our time. By exploring the depths of these topics, researchers contribute to the collective effort to build healthier and more equitable communities. 

As we move forward, a continued exploration of relevant public health research topics is essential for shaping the future of healthcare and improving the well-being of populations worldwide.

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1.1 Introduction

1.2 survey results comparison, 1.3 closing remarks, chapter 1: introduction to challenges for health and safety in research.

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O. Kuzmina and S. Hoyle, in Challenges for Health and Safety in Higher Education and Research Organisations, ed. O. Kuzmina and S. Hoyle, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020, pp. 1-18.

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Results from the University and Research Institutions survey are presented in this chapter revealing what are the most common challenges faced by health and safety professionals, managers and researchers in these organisations. Barriers discovered are collated in five categories: physical, economical, organisational, behavioural and industry specific. Where appropriate this chapter directs the reader to a relevant chapter for further in-depth analysis. The appendix at the end of the chapter is a collection of feedback from survey responders on how workplace health and safety, in their view, could be improved.

This is the first time I have been involved with writing and helping to produce a book. All was going well; chapter drafts were being sent to us by the various authors and we enjoyed reading about experiences and the challenges faced in our sector (we hope you do too!). Our day-to-day work was busy and my team were focused on providing great advice and support to our academic colleagues. We were preparing for various challenges and reviewing how we could improve and provide staff and students with skills to apply principles of risk assessment to their work. Then on 18th March our university was effectively closed, and all work was stopped due to COVID19.

The effect of this was acute – labs having to be safely shut down in a very short period of time, and stressful for all involved due to the logistics of being able to achieve this while also thinking about the potential impact on work, life, family and our future.

It is June 5th and in the UK the lockdown is being eased. Olga and I must admit that for the last few months this chapter has been left to gather dust while we worked remotely to support our Departments in their decision making, and provided advice on assessments for work on COVID19 related projects. For the last two weeks I have returned to our campuses in London to help with planning for the gradual reintroduction of staff and students into our buildings and for work to start again in this ‘new normal’.

Many of the chapters in this book have been written and completed before the COVID19 crisis, however I think the experiences are still relevant to practitioners in our sector and beyond, even with the introduction of social distancing and other COVID19 controls. The COVID19 work requirements will require us as a profession to adapt and be even more innovative in our approaches. We don't believe that higher education, and in fact most workplaces, will be able to return to pre COVID19 working for a while yet. Looking through the chapter titles our authors have provided, you can see that the challenges to operating successfully with social distancing and other strategies to reduce infection will require significant thought and planning. Therefore, we think we can confidently say that a revised edition of this book will contain reflections by our returning authors (and new ones) on how they and their workplaces adapted to COVID19 and how it influenced their approaches.

Crucially I would say that in my experience so far during this crisis, the work done by technical staff, admin support and estates to get buildings and procedures ready for a phased return of researchers has been magnificent. Academic leadership from our Departments and Faculty has been excellent, and we have all pulled together to provide support to each other and direction through these difficult times. We are on the cusp of having the first few researchers return to work on the 8th June, with more returning over the coming weeks. Currently the plan for our Departments is to achieve up to 25% occupancy of research buildings using cohort models or similar that allow lab-based researchers within a department to complete their lab work while remaining socially distant. Where this is not possible, other control measures must be used. Departments have ‘COVID19 oversight’ management teams to receive feedback from the researchers to ensure procedures reflect their needs. My team have produced ‘return to work’ induction materials delivered via online learning platforms to ensure researchers are reassured that buildings are safe to return to, and to provide information on the new procedures for them and their colleagues to work safely. Face-to-face inductions and training are moving online which creates additional challenges. The next large piece of work for us is to support our colleagues in teaching to plan for lab practicals for returning students in October.

All areas of health and safety described in this book will be impacted by the reaction to the COVID19 crisis, those of us in health and safety operations are in a unique position to provide advice and support to many operational areas. The changes to our working practices and behaviours will be profound, but we hope that it will lead to improved communication and trust between health and safety advisers, academics and students. Then, no matter what the conditions, we will achieve a safe working environment and a healthy balance between work and home.

Research laboratories provide a unique environment of continually evolving work, varying levels of individual competence and increasingly shared workspaces between different projects and research groups. Health and safety management in research laboratories faces unique challenges to ensure that science and knowledge is advanced without being a barrier to scientific progress. Health and safety, rather than being a barrier, needs to be an enabler to these aims in these dynamic and challenging environments.

A recent review and critique of academic lab safety 1   highlights how little progress has been made over the past ten years to improve safety practices and culture in the academic environment. The aims of this book are to examine some of these challenges in detail, from the perspective of the health and safety practitioner, researcher and academic. This book is an analysis of health and safety management in the research laboratory environment across a broad spectrum of topics (predominantly within the university sector). As well as literature reviews and chapters on specific topics by individual experts we have revisited a survey, the results of which were first published in Nature. 2   It is interesting to note the differences seven years on and reflect on why these have occurred and, most importantly, what can be improved to support researchers and enable safe scientific progress.

What are the challenges that modern researchers face and how do these impact on safety culture and the implementation of a safety management system? Various barriers have been identified 2,3   or conjectured in previous studies. The shift in focus from theory, reflection and evolution of ideas to milestones, defined end points and real-world applications with monetary value has significantly changed the economic landscape at many universities. Academic and research careers are hard to achieve and maintain, with pressure from internal reviews, funding bodies, politicians, the public and business to ensure continual progress and value for money. Obtaining funding to do research is extremely competitive, even at the most prestigious institutions. Time is critical to ensuring work that is funded is then completed on time and within budget. Key stakeholders are the organisations hosting the research. They must ensure that their estates and infrastructure can keep pace with technical requirements, the need for flexible lab spaces and deliver a modern comfortable environment for study and work. The need for a physical space to be able to accommodate diverse research activities while achieving the lowest impact on the environment has never been greater, more challenging and expensive.

These factors have an impact on end user health and safety operations in various ways. From the need to ‘take a shortcut’ due to time pressure to meet a milestone, install an item of equipment in a less than optimal lab environment with insufficient cooling or extraction, to working in an overcrowded lab space. From the lab bench it can appear that the organisation or university is not managing its space with their scientific requirements or health and safety in mind, potentially leading to a poor relationship between researchers and ‘central services’ and poor safety culture. A recent review of what researchers think of the culture they work in by The Wellcome Trust 4   indicated that ‘their working culture is best when it is collaborative, inclusive, supportive and creative, when researchers are given time to focus on their research priorities, when leadership is transparent and open, and when individuals have a sense of safety and security’. But too often research culture is not ‘at its best’.

It is critical that health and safety in a research lab environment is practicable to those working in the labs and those that support the researchers (technicians, estates staff and contractors). Over the last 20 years there has been a definite shift of approach in health and safety from prescriptive top-down management to a consultative approach to facilitate this.

Team leaders are responsible for their group members and reliant on their PhD students, research assistants and postdoctoral researchers to ensure their projects are progressed. These individuals will have different technical competencies as well as different attitudes towards health and safety. Their previous training, either formal or informal will determine their personal attitudes and approach to safety in the lab environment. Those in the lab face the risks on a day-to-day basis and make critical decisions about risk based on their competence and the prevailing culture they are working in. They are constantly monitoring experiments and adjusting processes and procedures based on previous results. A key skill for researchers is to be able to identify when a risk has changed significantly and be able to either ask for help or devise a suitable control measure. How do researchers gain these skills? Is it trial and error? Or, is there a need to integrate risk, hazard and safety considerations into undergraduate degree courses formally and on a wider basis across the sector?

On a day-to-day basis, academic leaders are reliant on individual members of their research groups to ensure the work is done safely and the labs managed appropriately. The researchers are then reliant on the academic to continue to gain funding to continue research. This needs to be maintained to ensure work progresses, careers are successful and scientific knowledge improves. If the working environment is not optimal it is foreseeable that health and safety could be a secondary consideration and either ignored or bypassed.

The nature of cutting-edge research science in a multi-disciplinary setting (science, engineering and medicine) can lead to a focus by health and safety support services on bureaucratic solutions. This is driven by the regulatory landscape of the host country, and the need to comply with separate Regulations relating to individual hazards and risks. For example, in the UK a laboratory could be subject to multiple regulatory requirements depending on the hazards and risks they are dealing with. These hazards and risks are often fundamental to the research, restricting the ability to substitute hazards with those which are less hazardous. The lab worker normally experiences this as a large volume of paperwork, which from their perspective can be thought of as a barrier to completing research activity in a timely manner. The worker may perceive it as unhelpful and a way for the institution to ‘cover their own backs’. Chapter 2 of this book examines how these risks should be managed from a legal perspective to ensure that compliance and a safe working environment can be achieved.

Technology has reduced barriers to international communication, resulting in increased opportunities for research and collaboration. Scientific research groups are international in composition. Individuals not only bring their personal experiences and attitudes to the workplace but also their cultural influences. The short-term nature of most research contracts requires scientists to continually seek further employment, either at home or abroad, so these cultural influences on the approach to health and safety are a significant factor when assessing health and safety culture within the workplace.

On the other hand, technology, and specifically combined software solutions, do not appear to have been able to be fully utilised. The challenge of creating a flexible system of interactive online assessment forms, health and safety training records, computerised lab notebooks and health and safety management software is difficult to achieve across a large teaching and research organisation with multiple disciplines. The researcher is then confronted with a fragmented system within their organisation that can be inefficient and confusing.

Are health and safety practices in research laboratories less stringent than in other sectors? In a manufacturing environment, process-related safety rules are followed. These rules may seem to be excessive and are often criticised by safety professionals. 5   The impression is that industry and manufacturing have a tighter control of health and safety due to adherence to requirements set by quality control or safety management systems, fewer changes in established processes, strict policies related to employment, and are more sensitive to the financial impact of delays to business activities. In 2019 the ACS President Elect of the American Chemical Society (ACS) ran an initiative on collaborations and safety, specifically “Bridging the (Safety) Gap between Academia & Industry”. 6   As researchers move into industry and vice a versa there is an opportunity to identify what these differences are and whether they can be harnessed to improve safety culture in both sectors.

In 2013 Nature Journal published results from a survey among laboratory workers revealing that despite 86% of the scientists considering their lab to be “safe”, almost half of them had experienced work related injuries. 2   We have conducted a similar survey and collected 427 replies from mainly UK based researchers (but also from some US, EU and Asian organisations). Approximately a third of the responses were from students, the rest comprised of postdoctoral research assistants, research fellows, technicians and other support staff. Scientists within industrial research development were also represented ( Figure 1.1 ).

Representation of the responders of the survey by their position.

Like the 2013 survey, invitation to take part was by email and social media. Similarly, 86% of responders considered their lab as “safe” ( Figure 1.2 ). The percentage of responders who indicated they had experienced some injury was 35% in our survey (46% in the 2013 survey).

Perception of laboratory safety by the survey responders.

The most commonly occurring injuries are lacerations/cuts/bites, thermal burns and needle pricks ( Figure 1.3 ). In our survey, 14% of responders did not report their incidents to their supervisors. The willingness of an organisation to receive data on incidents is critical to establishing a good reporting culture. The organisation must review its resources for following up and closing out incidents. Clear guidance on what needs to be reported, as well as a simple, easy to use reporting mechanism is essential. Trained individuals completing the investigations, closing them out and identifying recommendations that can be implemented to reduce risks of reoccurrence are also a key factor. The research scientist needs to be reassured that if they do report an incident that it will be dealt with quickly and efficiently.

Types of injuries reported to be experienced by the survey responders.

In 2013 40% of researchers admitted that they had not received suitable safety training. Our survey indicated that less than 5% of responders had not received training on specific hazards in their work. The survey did not attempt to identify how useful the responders found their health and safety training.

It was previously indicated that two thirds of British scientists were using formal risk assessment templates; our survey showed the use of formal organisational risk assessment templates to be 70% in this sample. However, it is worrying that 2% of responders admitted not assessing the risks, and 27% conducted informal risk assessments. Risk assessment is the cornerstone of health and safety in the UK so strategies for ensuring the process is understood and applied appropriately are essential.

Figure 1.4 represents the opinions of the responders to selected statements regarding safety culture. While 89% of responders agreed that “Safety is paramount and takes precedence over all other lab priorities”, almost one fifth of them also admitted that safety rules impact negatively on their productivity.

Responses to the selected statements about safety and its perception.

The majority of the responders admited that safety inspections improve safety compliance which is already known from other studies. 7   What is key is that the inspection process is perceived to be there for the health, safety and wellbeing of the researcher rather than institutional compliance. The majority of inspections are completed by health and safety officers, who can be seen as ‘outsiders’ 8   and therefore either not qualified or ‘safety police’, only listened to when in the lab. Some responders suggested increasing the number of inspections as a solution to improve safety in their lab. While this seems to be a logical suggestion, more inspections by safety officers, in our opinion, will not deliver the systemic improvements in lab safety that are needed. Current methods are taking a more collaborative approach, giving the responsibility for monitoring and inspecting to the researchers and their peers and ensuring that research leaders and senior management are taking part in the inspections with support from health and safety practitioners.

Of the respondents, 21% believed that they do not have any safety duties or were not sure what their safety duties are. At a time when health and safety in labs has a relatively high profile (due to serious incidents over the last 10 years) this is a worrying indication. Part of acting responsibly is to know what your responsibilities are. Then you can ensure your actions will not only keep you safe but also those around you. In the UK, the University Safety and Health Association (USHA) produced a Safety Leadership and Management Guidance document 9   for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This provided a template for all management and worker levels to understand their health and safety responsibilities. Potentially using this as a training tool, HEIs in the UK could improve individuals understanding of their health and safety responsibilities, depending on their position within the organisation. It is not currently possible to identify how many UK HEIs have provided training to not only senior management but all workers based on this document.

Almost one third of the responders for our survey were working in chemistry laboratories. Respondents from biological, physical and medical sciences also took part in the survey. Overall, we received a snapshot from experiences of workers from 17 disciplines, who worked in over 30 countries in many universities and research institutes.

We would echo the recent Nature Chemistry article 1   in which it is identified that to get more than ‘indications’ from these types of survey, health and safety practitioners and social scientists need to work together to devise suitable experiments and test hypotheses. Until then conclusions supported by data will not be possible.

The indicative responses we received have been collated into discreet categories, detailed below. Additionally, we collected the individual views on how safety could be improved at the end of this chapter in Appendix 1.

1.2.1 Category 1: Physical Barriers

Researchers identified that building infrastructure, ageing equipment, lack of appropriate equipment and space are serious barriers to working safely. Space constraints are often a reason why researchers neglect safety, particularly with the evolving nature of research work and research groups growing or moving in and out of universities on a regular basis. The work changes, but physical space does not. When new hazards are introduced this can result in engineering controls that are either too expensive (for example installation of a LEV system) or compromised to fit the space.

Lack of appropriate space also leads to overcrowded labs, inappropriate storage of reagents and waste, poor housekeeping and consequently more near-misses and accidents. The management of space and its contents is also an issue in research laboratories. Labs do not always have appointed managers or technical services to assist researchers in waste removal and housekeeping duties. These duties can often be neglected if the researchers are expected to complete these duties, partly due to a lack of time and partly due to attitude i.e. ‘I'm here to do research, not manage the lab on a day-to-day basis’. This is a persistent concern which does not have enough attention in the literature. In 2006 Francisco Javier Penas and others 10   described the implementation of industrial standards when designing and starting up a laboratory for chemical engineering teaching. Their experience proved to be a successful example of setting high safety expectations when assessing the risks from every point of view. The detailed design of the research labs and considerations when starting a new research site will be discussed in Chapters 12, 13 and 14.

The costs of clearance of legacy materials that have accumulated in a lab space can be considerable and will normally have to be paid for by the host department or School. In 2017–2018 when the Chemistry Department at Imperial College London relocated to a new building over 5 tonnes of chemicals were disposed of. Legacy material introduces increased risks associated with fire loading and takes up valuable working or storage space. Chapter 16 provides an insight into legacy materials and issues around old equipment and facilities.

1.2.2 Category 2: Economical Barriers

When responding to our survey researchers have blamed a lack of finances and limited funding streams for poor safety performance. Proposals are often submitted without consideration of what safety implications will arise if the grant is awarded and the work begins. Ideally a risk assessment of the work will be completed so that the physical spaces and engineering control measures can be designed in and costs identified at the earliest stage. As not all applications result in funding, there is limited appetite to spend a considerable amount of time detailing required safety infrastructure or ongoing requirements for each proposal submitted. However, if the application is successful, additional funds may be needed to ensure the required safety controls can be implemented. This can be significant sums of money. The funding bodies may assume (or require) that the organisation will cover the safety costs of a project via central funds. For example, if a scientific proposal involves work with high powered lasers, the UK Artificial Optical Radiation Regulations 2010 require engineering controls to be in place to prevent exposure to hazardous lasers. The costs for a system to achieve this can be significant. These costs will depend on several factors including:

What size is the space?

What are the existing services?

What new mechanical and engineering or electrical infrastructure will be required?

What interlocks, containment levels, safety protocols or licences does the research involve and what requirements or restrictions does that impose?

What furniture is required?

What equipment (if any) is to be included?

What level of professional fees will be required ( i.e. how much design will be required from architects, engineers, specialists etc. )?

If the funding body cannot fund the safety requirements the department or researcher must. This can lead to delays if the design assessment has not been done in advance of the work being funded. This is where safety requirements will be perceived as “barriers for effective work” and the organisation itself as “not supportive” as the funded work will not be possible to begin until it is safe to do so. It also places the safety officer or adviser in an awkward position as they could be pressured to ‘relax’ the rules or are perceived as barriers to effective research.

It is unfortunate that these economical barriers are not getting more attention in the literature. An individual approach may be needed for each organisation so that a process for efficiently identifying potential costs for new research can be established.

1.2.3 Category 3: Organisational Barriers

Our survey indicated that researchers are concerned by the lack of clear guidance, insufficient supervision and training, lack of accountability and a burgeoning bureaucracy. The reliance on documentation is perceived as a way for the organisation to reduce regulatory risks rather than as tools to aid the scientist and reduce the risks to themselves. The varied nature of work in a research laboratory and decentralised management of universities can exacerbate these issues. This can result in multiple documents from different parts of the organisation for the management of the same risk. This can lead to confusion or delays, particularly as the increase in multi-disciplinary work between departments, schools and laboratories continues. The lack of ease of access to electronic health and safety management systems in the research sector is a major problem for researchers, managers and health and safety practitioners. If the end user cannot easily find the correct documents or forms to complete easily, the researcher can be tempted to ignore the requirement.

A common criticism of health and safety management is that it is reliant on documents, rather than practicality. Researchers need to be able to access high quality training that reflects their type of work and be directly involved with decision making when it comes to the implementation of new policies or procedures. Researcher consultation takes time but will result in better practical solutions to safety issues and higher rates of compliance. Some organisations have instigated student-led organisations, 11–13   involving students in the management of safety 14,15   and developing specific safety training programmes (especially with practical components). 16–21   As noted in the recent Nature Chemistry article, there is a pressing need for more research on how to devise effective safety training, how to measure its impact and achieve improved safety attitudes, not only in the undergraduate teaching labs but in the research labs as well. 1   This is addressed in our book in the chapters dedicated to safety management of new sites (Chapter 9), spin-outs (Chapter 15) and training of safe chemists (Chapter 6) and generally throughout the university (Chapter 5).

Our ability to teach and educate new students on approaches to risk and to have a sensible view of risk is a key area that needs further development. The undergraduates of today are the researchers of tomorrow, so if safety culture is to improve further, training at this level is required. There will be benefits to integrating risk and safety management into undergraduate degree programmes. This would need to be carefully designed to be relevant to the field of study and connected to work that the student is undertaking. It should also form part of the marks associated with the work. For example, an MRes course director at the Imperial College London Department of Life Sciences introduced training in fieldwork risks and completion of a fieldwork risk assessment into their course. Students are provided with training and information and asked to write the assessment for their proposed fieldwork. The assessment is then marked according to specified marking criteria and provides up to 5% of the marks towards the student's degree. This incentive towards the final marks resulted in significant improvements in the assessment quality and the students’ feedback was very positive in terms of the learning outcomes and the skills gained for future employment. We are also seeing innovative approaches to teaching practical skills to students, for example, the ‘Chemical Kitchen’ is a part of the Imperial College London Pedagogy Transformation Project, 22   an interdisciplinary practical course that introduces students to the mindset and fundamental skills needed in a laboratory setting through a non-threatening parallel of cooking. It aims to teach practical laboratory skills, planning, creativity, safe working, precision, dexterity, making and recording observations, and the application of knowledge. Identifying opportunities for this type of learning and communicating safety knowledge to students in this manner increases the chances that key skills are learnt and embedded for future use. In this book, our authors provided insights into the teaching of students in Chapters 6 (Chemistry), 7 (Medicine) and 8 (outside the classroom).

Separately, a perceived lack of action on reported safety related infrastructure issues is highlighted in research institutions, particularly the university sector. Due to the complex nature of scientific buildings, an end user may not appreciate the complexity of fixing what appears a relatively simple issue. Feedback to end users on the current status of reported defects is critical to ensuring good communication between scientists and the estates team. Potentially delays in repairs to engineering controls (for example local exhaust ventilation systems) and therefore completion of experiments can increase risks if the experiments are conducted without the controls in place.

A successfully integrated safety programme has been reported that included institutional, administrative, and faculty efforts combined with an initiative from graduate and postdoctoral researchers. 21   However, there is a lack of successful documented examples on how these communication and collaborative networks can be achieved. Best practice examples in these areas would be a useful resource for research institutions to learn from.

Inevitably in the research lab there will be several rules for scientists to follow. In some cases, these rules are perceived as being prohibitive and overstated. For example, to comply with chemical storage requirements researchers will be required to store reagents in a dedicated location, not necessarily at their immediate work bench. If the reasons requiring the storage location are not made clear during training or induction the researcher may not follow the guidance, leading to a potentially hazardous situation.

Although discrete disciplines exist within a university setting, these lines are becoming blurred as more research funding focuses on interdisciplinary research and providing solutions to ‘real world issues’. This can result in researchers from one discipline, where they have achieved success in educational and research terms, to venture into another domain where their knowledge of the risks associated with this new area may not be so competent. This is particularly an issue in ‘hack spaces’ or ‘innovation spaces’ where the crossing over of different disciplines is desired. Health and safety considerations, lab design and how these areas are managed are critical to ensuring a safe working environment. These issues are explored in detail in Chapter 14 ‘Innovation Spaces – the new campus risk paradigm’.

The safety practitioner has a critical role to play in coordinating safety management systems and providing advice. The challenge is to provide advice on a range of subjects to meet the needs of researchers in the modern laboratory. Multiple hazards and risks may be present in any one laboratory. It is unlikely that any one individual can provide competent advice at a technical level on a wide range of hazards, for example, chemicals, lasers, ionising radiation, biological agents, machinery etc. This requires a collaborative approach to health and safety management in these types of situation. Scientists and technical staff have the relevant technical expertise and the safety practitioner then assists to guide them through the key concepts of safety and risk management. Unfortunately, the feedback received in our survey showed that researchers sometimes receive inconsistent safety advice and safety professionals themselves don't always lead by example. Clear feedback on safety issues from those advising helps ensure researchers can continue working safely and with minimal delays. The health and safety practitioner must understand their own limits of knowledge and competence and seek advice where it is lacking, or insufficient and know when to refer to other competent professionals. Part of the complexity for higher education institutions and research institutes is the size and locations of their sites. Many universities are on several different campuses, or sharing campuses with other organisations, for example medical campuses and the NHS in the UK. This makes planning for emergency responses more complicated. Specific considerations should be made to ensure all those who may need help can access it quickly and efficiently while ensuring the emergency services themselves can be guided to the required location, which on campuses with multiple entry points and buildings is not always clear. Liaising with emergency services is the subject of Chapter 11 of this book.

1.2.4 Category 4: Behavioural Barriers

Apathetic attitudes, carelessness, ignorance, work culture, cultural background, poor communication, overconfidence, lack of common sense, “old” habits and laziness were often named among factors negatively affecting research safety. A response from the survey was: “People don't realize how bad something can be until it really happens”. Researchers are often facing deadlines and may have to make a choice between productivity and safety. Much of the time the safety infringement will not result in an incident reinforcing the notion that safety is not required at that point in the experiment. Only when a combination of variables align will the incident occur. Behaviour in the lab setting must be led by the most experienced and senior managers. New members of a research group will generally replicate the behaviours they see around them. If that involves a lack of care when it comes to health and safety issues, this will in turn increase the risks of an incident occurring at some point in the future. Therefore, safety rules and procedures cannot be perceived as “unnecessary”, “childish”, and safety “micromanagement”.

Solutions to these issues rely on the safety practitioners ‘soft skills’ and ability to create collaborative teams across areas that they have no line management responsibility for. Improving communication of safety matters, 23   “embedding” a safety professional in high hazard department, 24   and following established guidance and recommendations 25–28   also are essential to improving safety culture. We could find limited documented evidence of implementation of a safety behaviour programme in a research environment. This is an area worthy of further study.

In this book we have several chapters written by non-UK collaborators. Research science and higher education establishments will often have high levels of international staff and students. Researchers will often move between different institutions and countries, and their attitudes or approaches to safety culture and processes will be imported to their host institution. Communication of local safety culture and expectations is critical in a higher education or research environment. Chapter 3 of our book examines this issue from a European perspective.

1.2.5 Category 5: Industry-specific Barriers

Due to the nature of the research work environment and the preference for shared lab areas, several simultaneous unrelated experiments may be occurring in any one lab area. The hazards and risks associated with these will also be varied, as well as the controls required to keep risk down as low as reasonably practicable. It is impossible to build a specific lab for every process, especially as the processes often change as the research evolves. New reagents are constantly being tested, novel compounds developed, and experiments being amended due to previous results and published research. Researchers claim that “it is often the case that the safest way to perform an operation is not particularly convenient, especially where a minor increase in risk yields a significant increase in efficiency”.

In the research environment, especially in universities, those in the lab and doing work may have the least amount of experience, for example PhD students and new postdoctoral researchers. They are often on short term contracts and under pressure to produce results to ensure their career can progress. The team leader will be a guiding role and will be available for advice but not generally in the lab with their staff and students. The tension between time required to complete study or work and safety rules creates pressure for those working at the lab bench to take short cuts when it comes to safety. The relatively high turnover of staff and students from these positions inevitably leads to research groups losing valuable experience and knowledge of safety matters. In our experience there is little evidence of teams having formal handovers of local safety information to new staff and students. The safety culture in any one research team is being undermined by the continual replacement of researchers. Even responsible researchers are struggling to pass on their knowledge when leaving to preserve the same level of safety awareness. Reducing the risks from this is difficult without having lab managers or technical staff to support the researchers and not only provide advice but also monitor safety procedures in the lab and ensure consistency of approach to lab rules that are in place over a long period of time. The constant turnover of lab staff and students also requires the institution to ensure its training and induction procedures are restated frequently to ensure new starters have the same information as those that came before them. Reiteration of safety training and providing clear and concise practical guidance will help to make work in the labs safe. However, nothing will work without the support of the supervisors and dedication of research and support staff. The organisation needs to be focused on safety and have a coherent plan and allocate enough resources to support the implementation and maintenance of safety. In our experiences the technical support teams within departments, schools or faculty provide an organisational memory and are often called upon to assist academics and teaching beyond their normal duties. They are often involved in training in equipment and procedures and have key skills that the research and teaching activities benefit from. The role of technical staff in maintaining good health and safety is the subject of Chapter 10.

One item that the university and research institutions should be leading on is how they can reduce their impact on the environment. Running science labs and supporting research and teaching is an energy hungry business and can have significant impacts on the environment if not suitably managed. Various national schemes are being implemented across the sector to provide incentives for improvements to sustainability and the environment. These issues are discussed in Chapter 17, ‘Green and Sustainable while avoiding risks’.

An area that has received more attention in the last five years is stress and wellbeing within the higher education sector. Several initiatives have been launched for not only students but also staff, including access to confidential care lines, designing work programmes and teaching to reduce risks of overwork, raising awareness related to mental health issues and encouraging individuals to seek help where needed. Mental health and other training programmes for managers, tutors and others have been instigated and broadly they appear to be providing support where needed. A report by Universities UK in 2018  29   recommended a ‘whole universities approach’ meaning that all aspects of university life promote and support student and staff mental health. Many organisations have invested in training for mental health first aiders and awareness campaigns, however changing the core systemic issues to reduce risks of stress and overwork for staff will require in depth analysis, management structures and review of resources. Chapter 4 looks at stress and workplace wellbeing in a Higher Education (HE) and Research establishment in more detail and provides insights on how this is being managed in some institutions.

Our book ends with a chapter titled ‘Organise not Agonise – Getting the Best from Audits and Inspections’. This chapter covers concerns, successes and causes of failures around auditing, starting with a focus on interfaces, where there is often uncertainty and lack of knowledge as to who is responsible or in control in a research or university environment. Such areas have been the cause of most health and safety management problems, and as such are generally the most fruitful for an auditor.

We hope the information contained in this book will be of interest to you and provide useful examples of how to approach certain issues within the research and higher education sector. Ideally, it will lead to greater discussion in these organisations at senior management level with Finance Officers, Human Resources and Safety Directors, about how to further improve safety performance. By putting these chapters together, we have learned a lot, and it is our wish that you do to.

The survey provided some interesting views on how safety could be improved in the research setting. These are summarised here:

Having a system where an individual requires retraining if they have been seen to use an unsafe method x number of times ( x can be varied depending on how common the technique is and how unsafe they're being). Similar to a ‘three strikes and you're out’ system.

Introducing a well-advertised (and adequate) safety upgrade funding scheme. This is infrastructure and can't be paid for, in the main, by research grants.

Centralising and digitalising health and safety associated paperwork.

Offering supervisors and managers more training into good management skills and how they need to balance managing experimental outcomes and workers mental and physical health. Often a culture prevails of pushing or demanding too much from their workforce, and this leads to mental health issues and lapses in health and safety.

Ensuring that senior research investigators visit their laboratory space at least twice a week. I know of one group that has received only two visits from their supervisor/research lead in one year!

Focussing on real risks, rather than perceived risk. A safety culture anchored in data and statistics would be very welcome.

Getting supervisors to visit the labs more often and to accept the word/guidance of technical staff.

Appointing informal safety officers (like fire wardens).

Having “Keep your lab tidy” campaigns.

Holding monthly updates on lab activity across the research group while paying close attention to any safety breaches.

Implementing visible sanctions for non-compliance (such as closing labs).

  Following on the last suggestion we also received a quote from one of the responders: “I would like to think health and safety could be improved by providing incentives but trying that I have achieved no tangible results in the past. Funny enough, it is by threatening disciplinary action that engages people more but for all the wrong reasons”. We hope the experiences shared in this book will help you to avoid situations where sanctions and disciplinary actions have to be implemented.

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• How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 21, 2023.

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

• Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

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Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

• Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
• Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

• The proposed title of your project
• Your supervisor’s name
• Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

• Introduce your topic
• Give necessary background and context
• Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

• Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
• How much is already known about the topic
• What is missing from this current knowledge
• What new insights your research will contribute
• Why you believe this research is worth doing

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As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

• Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
• Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
• Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

• Improving best practices
• Informing policymaking decisions
• Strengthening a theory or model
• Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
• Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

• Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
• Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
• Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

• Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
• Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
• Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

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Research Proposal Topics: 503 Ideas, Sample, & Guide [2024]

Do you have to write a research proposal and can’t choose one from the professor’s list? This article may be exactly what you need.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

We will provide you with the most up-to-date undergraduate and postgraduate topic ideas. Moreover, we will share the secrets of the winning research proposal writing.

Here, you will find possible ideas for research proposal topics from the best custom writing service that may be used to create your own proposal project as well as a direction for further investigation! So let’s start!

• 🔬 Research Proposal Definition
• IT Research
• 📝 Writing Guide
• 📄 Proposal Sample

🔬 Research Proposal: Definition

First of all, let’s make clear what a research proposal is. A research proposal is a type of paper you write to show others that you have a project to investigate. A research proposal demonstrates the following:

The purpose of proposal writing is to persuade others that your topic needs to be investigated. Your task is to write a well-structured text that covers all the necessary points. Make sure that everyone can understand what you wish to investigate, why it’s important, and how you are going to do it.

💡 Research Proposal Topics

Now that you know what a research proposal is, it’s time to begin the work.

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What is the first thing to be done, then?

That’s right—you need to choose a topic!

The list of research proposal topics below will help you start the process. Some of the research topics are simple, while others are quite complicated. The more difficult problems also contain a short description, so that you can understand immediately whether that topic would be interesting for you.

Political Science Research Proposal Topics

Researching political science gives you plenty of room for exploration. Do you want to investigate local or global politics? Are you interested in historical or contemporary issues? The number of options is overwhelming. Have a look at this list to make choosing easier:

• Fascism and Nazism: the contemporary usage of the terms and their meaning in the history of politics. Nowadays, the terms “Fascism” and “Nazism” are often used interchangeably. The terms are originally meant to refer to Italian and German political regimes . However, the doctrines themselves have important differences.
• Contemporary religious extremism and its political and economic basis. The modern Western society is ambiguous. On the one hand, religious tolerance endorsed; on the other, religious extremism is often used to add some fuel to the fire of intolerance. Understanding the economic and political basis of religious extremism might prove helpful in breaking the illusions of both sides.
• Bernie Sanders and Jeremy Corbyn: socialists in the contemporary U.K. and U.S. politics. The U.S. Democratic Party devised its failure during the 2016 Presidential Elections by selecting Hillary Clinton . She wasn’t very popular with the public, unlike well-loved, but so-scarily-leftist Bernie Sanders. At the same time, Jeremy Corbyn and his supporters were partially successful in addressing the stagnation in the British Labor Party. Comparing the two leftist leaders and their political agenda might serve as an interesting research project topic.
• Anarchism as a political orientation and a worldview. Anarchism is commonly mistaken for chaos. In fact, it simply means the absence of formal authority and prevalence of grassroots cooperation. Numerous movements exist within anarchism , such as anarcho-syndicalism, anarcho-pacifism, etc. Their proponents have a worldview that radically differs from the “center,” albeit often it’s by no means an extremist one. Classifying and elucidating different anarchist theories and worldviews can prove a worthy research topic.
• A fragile democracy: the contemporary political crisis in Myanmar. Myanmar has for a long time suffered under the dictatorship of a military junta. The junta only dissolved in 2011, and the National League for Democracy officially rules. Yet, the militaries remain strong and often uncontrollable. The resulting crisis is tragic, and writing about it could be a good topic for a research proposal.
• The Arab Spring and its impact on the contemporary Middle East . The Arab Spring was a wave of demonstrations, protests, and revolutions in the countries of the Middle East. There was a hope that they would result in more democratic political regimes across the region. However, the results were far from optimistic. The massive impact of this phenomenon makes the Arab Spring an excellent topic example for a research proposal.
• Sarah Palin and her role in the RNC .
• Shakespeare and his influence on politics.
• The military policy of Georgia toward South Ossetia .
• Racialization of Arab Americans in the post-9/11 era.
• What countries are most opposed to globalization ?
• The Supreme Court’s close decisions regarding minorities .
• The social credit system : myths and realities.
• Why are many people disappointed with the two-party system ?
• Discuss Mexico’s reaction to the US anti-immigration policies .
• How does religion influence secular countries’ politics?

Research Proposal Topics in Information Technology

In recent years, the demand for IT skills has skyrocketed. This trend is likely to continue for the next few decades. Humanity’s dependency on computers keeps growing. Because of this, solid knowledge in IT makes you an invaluable employee for any company. So, get started by writing about one of our engaging prompts:

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• Traditional envisioning centers on linear tracks. It connects lines to show differences or similarities. Explore how comparative genomics can analyze numerous genomes in 3D surfaces.
• Real-time feedback in education . Student’s feedback is essential for both teachers and learners. Examine the ways and existing technologies that allow a teacher to get feedback on how students understand the lessons. Suggest concepts aimed at improving the professor-student communication.
• WLAN Networks: H.264 video transmission. You can assess how to improve cross-layer architecture for video transmission in WLAN Network. Examine ways to enhance video quality performance.
• Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN): performance. This topic can help you generate a whole list of ideas for further IT studies: frameworks, analysis of existing solutions, etc. You can investigate transport, physical layers, or application of the communication protocol stack.
• WLAN Network: improvement of FEC algorithms. Explore the possible way to improve FEC schemes in cases of wireless channel loss.
• Software sizing and pricing: correlation . As you may know, software’s size significantly impacts its estimated price. In your proposal, suggest methods to evaluate and lower software size.
• Component-based software engineering (CBSE) process: ways to improve. You can choose this topic among other interesting IT project proposal ideas. Investigate how CBSE can shorten the time for production, increase software quality, and reduce its costs.
• User’s behavior in social networks . Social networks are under the risk of improper users’ behavior. Provide points to detect such behavior and how to prevent it.
• Education technologies in higher education . Research methods and tools that will enhance constructive alignment in higher education teaching.
• How can the government potentially abuse facial recognition ?
• Discuss unmanned vehicles from drivers’ perception.
• 5G : usage barriers and future developments.
• Review possible solutions to current AI-related issues .
• Discuss the role of IT in promoting false information .
• What do massive data breaches mean for regular users?
• How do social media algorithms impact user experience?
• Review e-governments and other attempts to digitalize the state.
• What can happen if we integrate organic processes into robots ?
• AI in the military : violence mitigation effects.

Computer Science Project Proposal Topics

Technology surrounds us everywhere. The internet, for one, has drastically changed the way we communicate. These developments affect all aspects of our lives. One big area that has significantly benefited from ICT is education.

• Machine learning use in prediction of students’ success. Analyze how machine learning can be useful in predicting students’ grades and the rates of course completion. You can use this example to get more ideas on measurement teacher’s effectiveness.
• Students’ profile and study courses . Wrong course choice can lead to poor grades and turn studying into a waste of time. Provide suggestions on how analytics can help in students’ course choices.
• Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in education. Examine how the use of AR and VR impacts students’ comprehension of the course contents. What effect do AR and VR have on students’ performance?
• Learning preferences and customized study process. You can analyze how various students’ learning preferences, e.g., Visual, Kinesthetic , etc. can benefit from optimized learning.
• IoT and teachers’ effectiveness. Provide suggestions on how educators can adjust their teaching styles using IoT devices and sensors .
• VR and AR roles in the assessment process. Virtual and Augmented Reality can be useful in students’ performance assessment. Suggest ways of how the professor can use VR and AR.
• Gamification in education . Gamification elements can be found almost everywhere: social media, professional software, and education. Analyze how gamification can be applied to various subjects. Assess the possible student outcomes.
• Social media and group projects . Social networks, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, are an integral part of our daily life. Assess how social media can be useful in learning, and, especially, for group projects.
• Mobile apps: usage growth. Here’s another great sample of quantitative titles. Analyze the factors that impact the usage rate of mobile applications .
• Will the Internet be available everywhere in the future?
• Describe preview techniques to compensate for low bandwidth.
• What are the weak points of financial cybersecurity ?
• Discuss the risks related to the use of smart appliances.
• Write about issues with online surveys.
• Review the trends in medical software development .
• What health issues are associated with the use of VR devices?
• Cyberwarfare: restored and new underpinning technologies.
• Assess the use of e-learning in initial employee integration.
• Desktop and mobile app versions: how to ensure better functionality.

Business Research Proposal Topics

There’s much more to business than just talking finances. Your topic can be theoretical as well as empirical. Writing about business can cover areas such as strategic planning, leadership, or sustainability.

• The impact of employee motivation on their performance . Is it true that highly motivated staff work better? And if yes, how much better does it work? The importance of this question warrants its further investigation and may prove a worthwhile topic for your dissertation research proposal.
• Disaster preparedness plans for the business. In many regions of the world, disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes occur frequently. The costs and losses of business due to such disasters may be tremendous. Consequently, the ways to make one’s company safe is an excellent research topic in business.
• Ways to transition to a new organizational culture . Studying the ways to make such a transition smooth and seamless could be a great research paper idea.
• The most effective leadership styles for various types of businesses. The leadership has a great impact on business performance, but it’s possible that for all types of companies there’s a certain management style that would be most effective. This theme could be a useful and interesting research topic for your proposal.
• Environmental friendliness of a business : additional costs or a way to make more profit? Many business leaders assume that decreasing the amount of waste their company produces will only result in losses. However, this is not true: eco-friendliness improves business reputation and attracts more clients. Investigating the effect of environmental friendliness on business performance could be an interesting research idea.
• The impact of various types of stakeholders on the success of a business . Exploring its exact impact on a company may be an excellent idea for your quantitative research proposal.
• Business management and innovation . Social engineering technologies caused significant changes in marketing, customer-organization relations, communications, etc. Assess how these technologies can be used in business.
• Effective energy management and its role in sustainable development. If you’re looking for business proposal topics, analyze this title. Provide suggestions on how enterprises can increase their energy effectiveness.
• Social entrepreneurship in developing countries. How can a business increase its social value without prejudice to its profits? You can use this topic for your master’s or business administration dissertation.
• Ethics and corporate social responsibility . Ethical issues remain a popular topic for research studies. Point out how corporate responsibility can increase the loyalty of employees.
• Accounting and accountability . If you’re looking for business quantitative topic examples, explore the connection between accounting and accountability.
• Business management and its effect on profits . The goal of any company is to make profits. Assess how business management influences company’s losses and profits.
• Sustainable development : the relationship with business in the 21 st century. How does sustainable development affect business? What does it mean to be a sustainable leader? Give examples of organizations that became successful in the 21st century. What are the factors that have influenced their success?
• Strategy of communication : old vs. new. Choose a company featuring a new communication strategy. Why did the management of the company decide to use it? Describe the existing practices of communication strategies . What is their effect on the company’s reputation? How do they affect performance and financial outcomes? What difference can a chosen way of communication make to stakeholders?
• China and the US: cultural and organizational behavior . Why is the Chinese market so attractive for US companies? Give examples of US companies who depend on the Chinese market. What barriers for building a business on the Chinese market are there? What are the best strategies to sell products or services in China? Recommend the best-suited regimen for the introduction of a product. Give information about organizational behavior in China. What makes it unique?
• New technologies in hospitals. What are the main difficulties associated with new technologies in a medical center? Why is there a need to keep up with the changing technologies? What healthcare issues create the biggest administration barriers? Does it affect the cost? Provide a real-life example.
• Small businesses vs. big enterprises. What is the current stand of small businesses in your area? How does their performance compare to that of big established brands? Is there a place for small businesses in the next decades, or are they dying out? If that happens, in what way will it affect the economy? What can one do to prevent monopolization of the market?
• Advertising strategies: how to advertise different types of businesses. What types of ads are known to give the best results market-wise? What advertising strategies work best for big corporations? What about small businesses? Give real-life examples. Does the cost of advertising correlate with marketing success?
• Inexperienced workers : how can they find a job? Is there a market for people fresh out of colleges and inexperienced workers? What social groups fall under the category? Is the demand for such people reflected in the paychecks? What can be done to maximize their appeal as employees? Will it benefit or harm the economy?
• Employee reward system : how to boost the workers’ performance? Describe the programs that companies set up to reward employees. Does it affect employees’ motivation? Illustrate your analysis with statistics. What types of rewards are there? Which of them work better? Should a company decide whom to reward?
• How to implement corporate ethical policy. What is ethical in the corporate world of the 21st century? Does the public image of a company reflect on its sales? Give examples of successful marketing campaigns centered on ethical issues . Can a company’s message affect employees’ productivity?
• Advertising strategies and the importance of advertising for business.
• Strategies for running a business .
• Importance of business planning .
• How does virtual reality attract customers?
• What influences employees’ adaptation to new practices?
• How does competition function in disadvantageous times?
• Small and medium-sized enterprises : how to survive.
• Discuss ways of marketing the same product to different generations .
• Digitalization and supply chain recovery in crises.
• Out-of-touch leaders: are they useful for business initiatives?

Management Research Proposal Topics

Management is a vital part of every company. That’s why good governance is the key to success. Researching this subject will prove helpful for your future career.

• Ruskin Bond’s team conflict dynamic model: how to achieve project success . Analyze various conflict types using Ruskin Bond’s team model. What resolutions can improve a project? What can result in the project’s success?
• How to improve product development using dynamic capability? Do relationships between employees affect their performance? How can they achieve knowledge integration and strategic flexibility? Use a theoretical framework in your study. Analyze the data using structural equation modeling.
• Allocation of human resources . What are the issues associated with human resource allocation? Investigate the mechanisms of top-down resource allocation. Use empirical research techniques in your research.
• Project benefit management: how to set effective target benefits? What is the scale of practical target benefits? Validate your research by presenting case studies. Use goal-setting theory in your study. Analyze the dimensions of comprehensiveness, attainability, and specificity.
• Person-centered vs. team-centered leadership . Describe how to balance a project manager’s style of interaction. Use Archer realist social theory in your research. Conduct the study using mixed methods of data analysis.
• Project managers . What is their role in internal and external relationship management? Use mixed methods in your research. Categorize the role groups. Illustrate the transition from traditional to new project management.
• The project’s added value and trust-conflict in an inter-team relationship. Do trust-conflict interactions impact project added value? Investigate relational and calculative trust dimensions. Study the influence of trust-conflict interactions on project added values. Explore task, project, and relationship conflicts.
• How to encourage the building industry to evolve into a lower carbon construction equivalent. Analyze the effects of building development project processes. How much energy does building consume, and how much are there carbon emissions? Does it affect indoor environmental quality? What are the associated needs of operations management?
• Project management practices in private organizations. Which project management practices are used in private organizations? What are the sectors of their activity? Examine the influence of managers’ personal characteristics. How do they choose their project management practices? Use a mixed-methods research methodology.
• Process groups vs. the project life cycle . How are both methods implemented in a project? Collect the data using questionnaires sampled from project managers in your area. Analyze the data using inferential statistics.
• What are the advantages of Facebook in the e-commerce field ?
• What are the skills related to management strategies ?
• Why is genuineness a major factor of success?
• What is a red ocean strategy in social media marketing ?
• The benefits of exponential thinking in management.
• Virtual human resources : is it a complication?
• Explore constructive deviance’s role in improving businesses.
• Ambiguous IT innovations in human resource management.
• Big data competencies for maintaining managerial competitiveness.
• Discuss talent cultivation and protection in competitive fields.

MBA Research Proposal Topic Ideas

Time is money. How can you use it more effectively? That’s one of the central questions you can suggest investigating in an MBA research proposal. For more inspiration, check out these ideas:

• Cost of packaging : does it affect manufacturer’s profitability? What are the most and the least popular types of packaging materials? How does the cost of packaging depend on its type? What are the problems associated with the most popular types of packaging? Give recommendations to improve the packaging strategies.
• Financial incentives as a tool for boosting workers’ motivation. What types of financial incentives do workers receive in different kinds of organizations? Do organizations recognize the correlation between productivity and financial incentives? Study how to enhance workers’ productivity and motivation.
• Effective employee selection and recruitment . Does it work as a tool for achieving top productivity in a company? What should one consider in the process of employee selection ? How can the knowledge of the labor turnover rate help choose a suitable candidate? How do you identify the candidates most suitable for career promotion?
• The durability of small scale business start-ups . How can one make sure that they’ve chosen the best project? How does one determine investment appraisal of small business in your area? Does this process benefit both the economy in general and the investors in particular? Can inaccurate methods of project assessment be identified early? What are the ways to avoid low returns?
• Time management in a company. Study how time is usually managed in companies. What types of work-time organization are there? Why would a company choose unconventional time management techniques? Does it reflect on the productivity of employees? Does it affect the company’s success in general?
• Ailing industries: will privatization help them? Identify the prospects and problems of ailing industries’ privatization. Conduct a case study. What are the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the service? Will the privatization help the business?
• Work environment and employees’ productivity. Study how to identify inadequacies of the workplace environment . What physical and psychological discomfort is involved? What solutions can be provided? Examine the environmental factors in a given company. Employ both the investigative and the descriptive approach in your research. Collect data using the interview and survey methods.
• Strategic human resource management . What are the ways to determine its effectiveness? Are strategic human resource practice and a company’s performance connected? Obtain the information for the study through questionnaire responses. Analyze your findings. Find out whether there is a relationship between strategic resource management and organization performance.
• Corporate governance . Study its impact on the management of an organization. Who designs and implements the processes and rules practiced in a company? What is the primary force that influences corporate governance ? Use research questions, surveys, and questionnaires in your study. Analyze the collected data through mean scores and frequencies. What are the systemic problems militating against corporate governance?
• Microfinance organizations and their impact on small-scale organizations. How do microfinance organizations encourage banking habits among poorer populations? How can the economic status of the small scale manufacturers be improved by giving them more capital? How can microfinance credit influence a company’s performance? What are the possible drawbacks of this business relationship?
• Review how leadership relates to job satisfaction .
• What is the key to success behind family enterprises ?
• HR training’s direct impact on retaining employees.
• Managing stakeholder attitude: potential performance implications.
• What factors are responsible for an organization’s sustainability?
• How can AI help strategic business management?
• Discuss business start-ups in the digital age.
• What happens when law and decision-making collide?
• Employee commitment during uncertain times.
• Leadership reinvention: effects for a chosen model.

Business Project Proposal Ideas

Have you been planning to start your own company? Or maybe you’d like to develop a product that makes life easier? A business project research proposal allows you to put your dream on paper. If you don’t have a concrete idea just yet, here is some inspiration:

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• A mobile application to recruit potential staff. The app will involve problem-solving puzzles. It will monitor the time spent on solving them without using outside resources. The top 10 players can be later contacted.
• A website specializing in collecting customized orders. The website will gather information on what people want to be made. It will send requests to affiliated creators. They, in turn, choose what they can complete based on their specialty.
• An e-book café and hardware/software funding. It will focus on convenient models with vast libraries. They will also provide customers with food and music.
• A traditionally animated film in the style of old classics. Most of today’s animated films rely on CGI. Due to the nostalgia factor, a hand-drawn feature could be successful.
• A representative-operated national food restaurant. The idea is to hire representatives of the culture the restaurant is based on. It may increase engagement with different demographics.
• A social media website that takes user’s suggestions into account. Competing with more established players in the field is challenging. However, you may take advantage of their known weaknesses. Your website would mind user feedback and thus avoid introducing unpopular changes.
• Safe-space avenue for online and offline presentations. Minority groups may find it challenging to access busier platforms. Offering them a spot that will guarantee their safety may benefit both parties.
• A reverse experience school for disabled people. The experiment will follow the principles of inclusivity . People without disabilities would comprise a minority. It would allow disabled people to feel less constrained.
• A digital platform for aspiring influencers . The service will offer advice and suggest the steps for building an audience.
• An analog fast food product for vegans. Today’s restaurants offer replacements for meat-based dishes. Still, it’s not always the case. That’s why a product designed with the help of clients’ feedback may become popular.
• A tattoo studio for writing-based designs.
• A streaming service for cult classics.
• A smart hotel for pets.
• A vintage CD-ROM music production kit.
• A real-life matchmaking service for single parents.
• A lactose-free nutritional drink for selling in gyms.
• A hotline with qualified mental health specialists.
• A TV show focused on Native American representation.
• A third-party mediator in a customer-realtor transaction.
• An organization providing research opportunities for students.

Research Proposal Topics on Education

Education plays a crucial role in our lives. It’s an area where constant research and improvement are incredibly important. Check out these ideas:

• The importance of early interventions in special education for children with disabilities . Investigating the “why” of it might be an interesting research topic for high school students.
• The use of innovative technologies in education . The ubiquity of computers and smartphones means that they also used in studies. Finding out new ways in which innovations might assist teachers could be an interesting research paper idea.
• The effectiveness of online universities in providing education. It could be an exciting research topic idea to compare online institutions to traditional.
• University education in a narrow specialization: a way to increase professionalism, or to spread ignorance? There exists a trend of providing education in a narrow area or specialty in the contemporary higher education setting. However, traditional universities have also been known to teach their students a wide range of courses. The benefits of an education in a narrow field and the costs of losing the tradition of an all-encompassing education are a worthwhile topic for a Phd. research proposal.
• Innovative approaches to teaching . The need for the instructor to interact with students is becoming more and more apparent in the contemporary educational setting. Studying the benefits and drawbacks of this approach might be an excellent idea for a research proposal topic list for education majors.
• The impacts of inclusive education on children without special needs. Inclusive learning is believed to have a positive influence on children with special needs and has become a trend nowadays. However, it’s unclear how such education affects children without special needs, which warrants further investigation of this research topic.

• Classroom management techniques for high school . High school teachers often have to deal with disruptive behaviors of their students. Finding out what classroom management techniques work best for this may prove a useful and engaging research topic idea.
• Problematic children: approaches to managing a child’s temperament . All children have their own personality. It can be difficult for parents to understand how to manage it. Many management approaches are depending on how a child behaves.
• How parents’ overprotectiveness may cause a child to become anxious? Some children are insecure and worrisome in unfamiliar situations. In this situation, parents should avoid being overprotective. Encouraging a child to explore is the best strategy.
• Impulsive children: parenting strategies . Parents often struggle with kids whose behavior is hard to predict. There are ways to make it easier. Parents should remain gentle with children. But, at the same time, they should promote their child’s self-discipline.
• What role does art play in child development ? It’s one of the most relevant and exciting topics for research proposals in education. Everyone supports art classes in early childhood development. However, in many countries, art disappears from the list of subjects in middle and high school. Is it the correct approach? How does art affect children’s development?
• Child development : aesthetic education as a core learning approach. Another great title of research proposal in education, also worth choosing it as a thesis topic. You can look into the benefits of aesthetic education. It helps children to become creative and see things from new points of view.
• Testing system: should it be reformed? Everyone agrees that there are too many flaws in the current testing system. Not only can it be unfair; it also puts pressure on children and college students. Look into why and how the testing system is flawed and if there is a need to fix it.
• Does the testing system impact on children’s self-confidence? Tests and exams cause children to develop anxiety and depression. Moreover, this problem may aggravate. It can lead children to develop low self-confidence and hurt their social skills.
• The purpose of early intervention . Some children need special or extra care and support throughout their development. But how to understand who needs it, and how will they benefit from it? Why would this approach be the best for them?
• Education and innovative technologies . E-books and tablets are replacing textbooks. Chalkboards are out of use since smart boards are the new solution. Both children and teachers are adapting to the latest technologies . You might research the most recent trends in this topic.
• Educational apps for children: advantages and disadvantages. Even toddlers can use smartphones and tablets now. Parents might as well use technologies for educational purposes. However, it may be tricky. Some apps combine the story with learning outcome goals and promote creativity. Others might have too much action and sound. This only distracts children from learning.
• What is the optimal “ screen time” for children ? When parents want some time to rest from kids, they just turn the TV on. Is it harmful or beneficial for children? Try to find out how much time they should spend with it.
• General education courses in college : are they necessary? Such courses include algebra, biology, and chemistry. But what if a student wants to focus on studying languages? It’s one of the best questions about higher education.
• Innovative approaches to contacting problematic children.
• Aesthetic education as a basis for child development .
• Advantages and disadvantages of a testing system .
• What’s your opinion on teachers instructing AI replacements?
• Real-time online classes or asynchronous learning models: what’s better?
• Assess learning loss in the top universities in 2024.
• Ineffective civics classes : where did the system fail?
• What are the health implications of remote teaching ?
• Learning to engineer : aims and instruments.
• Assess the importance of peer feedback in education.

Special Education Research Proposal Topics

There are many questions regarding the best approach in educating kids with special needs. Should they always study with their peers? Or do they need special classes to tackle their individual requirements? Your research proposal can focus on various aspects. The parents’ roles or the use of technology are compelling examples.

• Does inclusive education promote empathy in children without special needs? It’s one of the best learning strategies for kids with learning disabilities. No one asks what children without special needs think about it. Still, little kids are open-hearted. Most of them are happy to help their peers with difficulties.
• Does dyslexia affect a child’s social skills? In the company of loving parents, a child with dyslexia will be OK. As children start socializing, they start noticing the problems with reading . It may lead to shaming and excluding them from social groups.
• Classroom management for inclusive high schools. Disruptive behavior is a common thing in high schools. However, everything is different when the school is inclusive . Teachers face various challenges every day. New practical ideas in this field may be beneficial.
• Does early intervention impact children with learning disabilities ? Early intervention includes therapies for those who have issues with learning. Your research might consist of comparing and contrasting those methods. Find out which are the best. You may even try to develop a new approach!
• Should we educate children about their peers who have special needs ? There are training programs for teachers working with kids with learning disabilities . But what about their peers? Would children with special needs feel more support if their classmates were more understanding?
• Innovative approaches to teaching in special education . More individual interaction between a teacher and each student. In inclusive classes, it’s especially relevant. You would need to look for innovative approaches. Most research proposal questions in education are not as urgent as this one!
• Does stress influence children with learning disabilities more than others during testing? In this research, focus on the more vulnerable group of students. Special education should address this question with caution.
• How to identify and prevent reading problems in the early stage. In school, all the learning issues of a child come out. It’s vital to identify the problem immediately to prevent trauma. Look into the root causes of this problem and its possible solutions.
• Technology integration for children with special needs. This topic is connected with many questions. You would need to address all of them in your research. A sample would look like this: “What are the benefits of technology in special education?”
• How strict should educators be with children with learning disabilities ? Of course, it depends on each individual. Still, there should be some limits. All special education teachers should know how to balance being strict and permissive. Your research can serve as a guide for aspiring teachers!
• The role of parents in special education . Healthy development of a child with special needs doesn’t end with teachers. Parents also play an important role in their kids’ education. How exactly can they help their child with learning disabilities?
• The role of computers in accessible school environment.
• Learning disparity mitigation and special education certificates .
• Discuss the pros and cons of compromises in inclusive classrooms .
• What are the main challenges for FAPE’s universal application?
• Do we need new regulations in special education ?
• Review current school models for disabled students .
• Shortage of qualified educators: what can we do?
• Special education during a pandemic: lessons learned.
• What do co-occurring needs imply for teachers and students?

Research Proposal Topics in Early Childhood Education

Young children are extremely impressionable. Because of this, early childhood education has a huge impact on kids’ development. Many factors need careful consideration. Among them are learning techniques and the need of incorporating the child’s social background.

• Executive functions and early childhood education : working memory. It’s easily one of the most interesting research proposal topics in early childhood education. How do children connect their ideas? How does their mind work? And how can we use this in education?
• Early childhood : brain development through playing. The brain develops most actively during the first two years of our lives. At that age, the brain is especially vulnerable because it reacts to all environmental changes. It’s essential to support children’s development through play and stress reduction.
• Early childhood development : child care facilities vs. home. Increasingly more mothers prefer to get back to work right after the birth of their children. Daycare services are developing to meet all the child’s needs. However, can it replace the quality time children spend with their parents?
• Quality child care facility : an overview. What should high-quality child care be like? Parents often face the challenge of picking the right place for their child while they don’t know what to look for. You can provide research comparing and contrasting the best child care facilities in your area.
• Culture and early childhood education: immigrant families . Culture shapes the behavior and beliefs of small children. Immigrant families especially should always consider it. Education programs need to be adjusted to the cultural differences .
• How to divorce and not harm a child’s development. We all understand that there can be different life situations, and sometimes it’s better for people to be separated. However, it gets complicated when they are also parents. A child’s mental and emotional health is at risk during the divorce . What are the ways to protect children from this stress?
• Paternity and early childhood education . Fathers play an essential role in their children’s social skills. They affect children’s future relationships and emotional health. During your research on this topic, don’t forget to consider the sociocultural context.
• Early childhood development : gender socialization. It’s a controversial topic. Nowadays, more and more parents want to raise their children in a gender-neutral environment. How can they achieve a balance?
• Early childhood education and play-based learning. Play-based learning has been approved as one of the best approaches in early childhood development. It allows guidance from a parent while promoting a child’s independence. Play enables children to learn math, reading, and other skills engagingly.
• School readiness and early childhood education . Going to school can be stressful for both kids and parents. To minimize stress, parents can take an active part in preparing their children for this experience. This research would be aimed to identify the skills children need to gain to be ready for school.
• What are the benefits of learning the second language for children? In our globalized world, parents aim to give more opportunities to their children by teaching them foreign languages . It has been researched that learning a second language can be beneficial for children’s cognitive behavior.
• Aboriginal children education: obstacles to language development .
• Does the readiness rate contribute to injustice?
• Outline the new forms of play in schools.
• Discuss the use of relaxing games in class.
• How do teachers facilitate peer communication?
• Explore the implications of racial diversity in educators.
• Remote learning for young children: how much is enough?
• Assess teacher-child interactions during breaks.
• What activities contribute to improving reading skills ?

Sociology Research Proposal Topics

Humans are erratic creatures. Yet, we all manage to live together. Are you interested in studying the mechanics of society? Then you should consider a research proposal in sociology .

• The impact of citizen’s wealth elections . Determine how economic conditions and people’s income influence voting patterns.
• Correlation between personality, income, and career choice . You can explore how personal skills and family income motivate youth to choose their future career path.
• Population background and racial discrimination . Explore mechanisms to prevent racial discrimination in societies with a diverse background of people. You can also analyze the impact of Brexit and Trump’s slogan “Make America great again” on the rise of race discrimination .
• State pension age and its effect on the labor market . Identify how the increase of the state pension age (SPA) influences a person’s and country’s labor supply. What is the contribution of the increase of SPA to the state’s economy?
• Investing behavior: neuroeconomic approach. In the Ph.D. proposal, examine how cognitive factors influence success in the financial market. Offer your ideas on how to improve the decision-making process in investments.
• Poverty among ethnic minorities. Since the financial crisis in 2008, in-work poverty became a significant issue, especially among ethnic minorities . Analyze this issue and research how it impacts occupational mobility.
• Fiscal policy and its correlation to asset pricing . Generate risk aversion ideas and asset pricing concepts. Provide recommendations for optimal fiscal policy and its improvements.
• Racial identity and conflicts: interrelations. Conflicts are unavoidable in our daily life. In your Ph.D. research proposal, you can analyze how a person’s conflict behavior depends on their racial identity .
• Social responsibility : developing countries. Research what safety and health actions should take companies in the construction industry of developing countries.
• Describe the national specifics of poverty feminization.
• Is there a link between parental practices and children’s social attitudes?
• How did the meaning of happiness evolve through generations ?
• Segregation in modern cities.
• Discuss the early stages of language acquisition .
• Is the American dream attainable for minority groups?
• Social expectations and dating preferences: how to match pairs.
• Does family structure impact one’s occupation?
• Social networks and deviant tendencies: what’s the correlation?
• What factors are driving people to military enlistment?

Other Research Proposal Topics

History research proposal example topics.

Maybe you enjoy tracing the footsteps of past societies. Or perhaps you like to study the battles of the 20 th century. Whatever your preference is, researching any part of history will certainly yield fascinating results.

• The memory of World War II in the United States. American history books often depict the United States as a country that played a key role in defeating Nazi Germany and its allies. But was it true? And if not, what purpose did this image serve in the post-war years, and what is its function today?
• Witch Hunt in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The Holy Inquisition is notorious for its hunt and torturous murder of countless women for their alleged practice of witchcraft . The history of this hunt, as well as the doctrine of the Inquisition, might be an interesting research topic.
• Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin: a comparison of policies. The October Revolution played a significant role in history, resulting in the birth of the Soviet Union. The country was to become a communist utopia. Instead, the revolution proved violent. When Lenin died, and Stalin came to power , the country turned into a bloody dictatorship. A possible history research proposal, for example, would be the investigation of the differences between the policies of Lenin, who did try to build socialism, and Stalin, who organized a reign of terror.
• The French Revolution and its impact on the history of 19th century Europe . The French Revolution is known to be one of the most influential events in history, even though it ended in a dictatorship. The revolution’s impact on European history might serve as a worthwhile topic for research writing.
• European colonization of the Americas and the fate of Native Americans. Although the reputation of Christopher Columbus and other explorers of the New World is mostly positive, the reality was far more serious. The colonizers used ruthless and violent methods to deal with Native Americans , massacring them to gain land and enslaving them into labor. The history of cruelty might nonetheless prove an interesting topic for a history project proposal.
• The history of racism in the United States . Whether one likes it or not, racism played an important role in the history of the U.S. The country has not yet recovered from its consequences. The history of American racist ideas might be a good topic for research that may possibly help battle racial discrimination.
• History and evolution of Buddhism in the world.
• The fate of the Jewish people during World War II .
• Trace the development of the post-Macedonian empires.
• How did Princess Diana influence the Royal Family’s image ?
• Write about Magna Carta and its legacy.
• Discuss short-lived Chinese dynasties and their demise.
• Joan of Arc’s image throughout the ages .
• Explore the British Empire’s conflicts with its colonies.
• What was Caesar’s role in spreading Latin in Europe?
• The ideological background for 20 th -century civil wars .

Research Proposal Topics in English and World Literature

If you’re passionate about reading , this section is for you. From Dostoyevsky to Austen, this list contains only the most engaging prompts in literature.

• The character of Sonya Marmeladova in Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment . Sonya Marmeladova is one of the most appealing and sympathetic characters in world literature. A teenage girl, she is the embodiment of kindness and allegiance, which is not changed by the fact that she has to work as a prostitute to support her family. Analyzing her character can be an excellent research project topic.
• Tragic love in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet . The tragic story of Romeo and Juliet’s love is perhaps one of the most well-known stories in the world. It may prove a good writing topic for any course in English literature.
• The real-life plausibility of the role of Dorian’s portrait in Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray . The picture of Dorian played the role of a “moral mirror” for the protagonist of the story. But would a real-world person such as Dorian pay so much attention to such a portrait, if they had it? This is a good research question that can be investigated further.
• The character of Eliza Doolittle in G. B. Shaw’s Pygmalion . In Shaw’s play, a simple flower girl turned into a refined woman after Professor Henry Higgins taught her. Her unique transformation may be studied further if you choose this sample idea as your research proposal topic.
• Melville’s Moby-Dick : a story of a captain’s folly. One of the greatest novels in the history of American literature is devoted to Captain Ahab , planning his revenge on a white whale named Moby Dick. Would such anthropomorphization of a whale make sense in real-life, though? Selecting this as a research paper topic may help you find more about this question.
• Jane Eyre : the story of Cinderella by C. Brontë . Does the complicated and multifaceted nature of Jane Eyre make it a Cinderella story? Further study of C. Brontë’s masterpiece may be one of the best proposal ideas for your research.
• Analysis of Poe’s writing style in The Raven .
• Lost hope in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms .
• Racial discrimination in Uncle Tom’s Cabin .
• Explore white normativity in Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby .
• What is the proposed image of Prometheus in Frankenstein ?
• Freudian concepts of sexuality in The Monk .
• Gender expectations and the Bronte sisters’ works.
• Study the anatomical imagery in The Merchant of Venice .
• Domestic animals in T.S. Eliot’s poetry.
• Vanity Fair : are its main characters realistic or symbolic?

Chemistry Research Proposal Topic Ideas

Do you enjoy analyzing what our world is made of? With a research proposal in chemistry , you can do precisely that. Whether you’re into inorganic or biochemistry, this section has what you need.

• The impact of the temperature on chemical reaction speed. Generally speaking, higher temperature means that chemical reactions occur faster. Investigating in greater detail why this happens may be an interesting research topic for high school students.
• The use of organometallic compounds in the industry. Organometallic compounds play a vital role in modern chemistry and widely used in numerous spheres of production. Studying their profits might prove an interesting research proposal idea.
• The use of organic solvents in the contemporary world. Organic solvents are essential today, being widely used for a variety of purposes. Studying them might be a great research idea for a proposal.
• The difference between covalent and ionic bonds. Covalent and ionic bonds are two of the most important types of chemical bonds between atoms. Further elucidating the similarities and differences between them is a worthwhile research proposal idea for high school students.
• The mechanisms of reaction catalysis and inhibition. Chemical catalysts and inhibitors are widely used in the contemporary world to quicken or slow down the speed of chemical reactions. The mechanism by which catalysts and inhibitors work could prove a worthwhile paper topic.
• Chemically related toxicants: their impact on human health. Chemical toxicants may be present as contaminants released by factories. Another way toxicants can exist is pollution and the results of environmental effects. In your chemistry research proposal, examine how to prevent potential toxic influence on human lives.
• Allergy and chemistry: interrelations. If you’re looking for high school research proposal titles, analyze this topic. Every year more and more people suffer from allergies. Investigate what role chemistry and toxicants play in increased disease rates.
• Respiratory toxicity: Chlorine . Chlorine is a toxicant that is exposed from plastic, paper, and chlorinated chemicals. Research the impact of Chlorine on health. How can organic home cleaning products usage lower risks of allergic rhinitis?
• Anthropogenic chemicals in the contemporary world. We face anthropogenic chemicals everywhere in our daily life. Industrial, consumer, and agricultural activities cause chemicals emissions. Investigating this issue can help you build an outstanding title list for further research.
• Toxicity profiling and its importance. Toxicity profiling can become a great research area for college and university students. Find out more about sample toxicity profiling and its purposes.
• Chemistry of LSD.
• Chemistry of synaptic transmitters.
• Alchemy in relation to physics.
• Study the potential usage of hybrid materials.
• Discuss ways to develop novel catalysts through organics.
• Atom movement and modeling of artificial molecules .
• Heterogeneous environment: impact on subatomic particle transfer.
• What are the developments in correcting cell function abnormalities?
• Review safe alternatives for contamination procedures.
• Explore the role of metal oxide catalysts in energy renewal.

Psychology Research Proposal Example Topics

In many ways, human mind remains a mystery. That’s probably one of the main reasons why psychology is such a fascinating subject. Do you want to dive into an uncharted territory or stay on the beaten track? You decide!

• Importance of being knowledgeable about cognitive psychology . Exploring people’s thought processes can be among the most exciting cognitive psychology research proposal ideas.
• The role of family in the socialization of an individual . Family plays a critical role in a person’s life, surrounding them from their childhood, providing them with food and shelter, and educating them. However, it’s important to know how a family socializes a child growing up.
• The potential consequences of an untreated post-traumatic stress disorder . PTSD is a condition that may develop in an individual after a highly traumatic event. It needs treatment , or it may have a profoundly adverse influence on the life of that individual. It’s pivotal to realize how exactly PTSD may impact a person’s life, which makes this a good research topic for a paper.
• The phenomenon of bullying in high schools from a psychological point of view . It’s unfortunate that in many contemporary high schools, bullying still poses a significant problem . It may have a serious adverse effect on the victims of bullying, so it’s pivotal to understand the reasons for bullying and the mechanisms that the victims may use to defend themselves.
• Sociopathy (ASPD) and psychopathy : similarities and differences. The terms “ sociopathy ” and “psychopathy” may often be confused by non-professionals. However, important differences between the conditions exist, and it’s paramount to understand them well.
• The psychological causes of employee resistance to change . Employees in various companies often tend to resist organizational change. Nevertheless, such resistance may sometimes have an adverse influence on organizational performance.
• Empathy from an evolutionary point of view. It’s likely that empathy—the ability to comprehend what another person feels—is a trait that emerged in humans as a part of an evolutionary process. Examining the matter further from can be an excellent evolutionary psychology research proposal.
• Jean Piaget’s contribution to psychology
• Role of methodology in developmental research
• Overcompensation of gender roles in single-mother households.
• Little Albert experiment : where did it go wrong?
• Freud and feminism : do they go together?
• Is aromanticism a choice or not?
• Discuss the trial-and-error method in choosing a therapy.
• Explore the psychology behind Mandela’s effect.
• Aging without children: what are the potential substitutes?
• Pinker’s Better Angels thesis: unchanged violence perception.

Research Proposal Topics in Philosophy

What is good and evil? Philosophers have been asking questions like this for centuries. You can join their pondering with a research proposal topic from the list below.

• Theodicy in the works of medieval philosophers. Theodicy, or the explanation of why God permits the existence of evil , was always a serious problem for religious philosophy. Medieval philosophers made numerous attempts to create a plausible theodicy. Whether they were successful or not can be demonstrated if the problem is selected as a research topic for your study.
• Refutation of proofs of God’s existence in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason . Medieval philosophers tried hard to prove that God exists , but their “proofs” were all similar, wrote Kant. The great German philosopher argued that there are only a few main types of such proofs, and all of them do not work. Choose this as a research topic for your paper and find out why.
• Aristotelian Physics : verbalization of the “intuitively obvious.” Physics is a collection of works by Aristotle that deals with describing the physical world. Having no access to the experimental methods of science, Greek philosophers used reasoning, intuition, and speculation to build their theories. Aristotelian Physics is similar: it describes the physical world precisely as it intuitively appears to human senses.
• The concept of political power in John Searle’s works. John Searle is a contemporary American philosopher-analyst whose works cover a broad range of topics, from a philosophy of language and mind to political philosophy . Researching his ideas about political power can prove quite fruitful.
• The role of Aristotle’s works in the medieval Christian philosophy . Aristotle played a pivotal role in the development of medieval philosophy in Europe. Many philosophers of the Middle Ages based their philosophical theories and systems on what Aristotle had written. Studying Aristotelian influences on medieval philosophers is a great research topic.
• Thomas More’s Utopia and Tommaso Campanella’s The City of the Sun : a comparison of two utopias. Utopia and The City of the Sun are some of the most famous utopian writings in the history of philosophy; in fact, the very genre was named after More’s work . Comparing the two works can prove an interesting endeavor.
• Roger Bacon as the father of the experimental method in science. Roger Bacon is widely regarded as the person who introduced experimental method of inquiry into science. Investigate his works, as well as the context in which he worked. You will understand how Roger Bacon developed this idea if the proposed issue is chosen as a research topic for your study.
• What is the meaning of life?
• Ideas of philosophy and religion in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .
• How to deny the antecedent to enhance the argument.
• Define the meaning of a “norm” in its modern sense.
• Transhumanism: is digital immortality possible?
• Study the notions of free will and regret.
• Truthmaking: why are information gaps necessary?
• What do philosophical zombies mean for anti-materialism?
• Hume and miracles: a pro-religious justification.
• Is noncombatant immunity a beacon for warfare ethics?

Research Proposal Topics in Development Studies

The evolution of states and nations is at the core of developmental studies. You can observe this process from various perspectives. These include political, social, or cultural points of view.

• Education and success : interrelations. Explore the relations between success and education. Analyze the correlation between education, quality of life, and high living standards.
• Human rights : the impact of non-government organizations and social movements. Investigate how various social movements and NGOs impact and promote human rights in different countries.
• Conflicts and their impact on livelihood. The countries with conflicts are at risk of wars eruption, which will cause deaths and poor living conditions. Researching how conflicts must be addressed to avoid the problems mentioned above might be interesting if you’re searching for good project topics in development studies.
• Waste management programs : how they influence society. Nowadays, there are plenty of waste management projects and programs. Research this issue and analyze its impact on society, environment, and economics. You can examine the Swedish experience and suggest your waste management program.
• Women empowerment : how it contributes to women’s independence. Women empowerment programs significantly impact their autonomy and self-development. However, in some regions, women still have little or no access to education. Research how vocational education impacts empowering women in different societies.
• Social institutions and economic development: interrelations. Social institutions play a significant role in ensuring the well-being of citizens. In your study, you can explore how various social institutions contribute to the economic development of the country.
• The role of social movements in promoting equality . Minorities often face inequality and injustice, especially in countries where people have a diverse ethnic, religious, and economic background. In your research paper, highlight how various social movements ensure equality in a particular country.
• Globalization and the country’s development . We live in a world where countries can’t survive without multilateral relations. Analyze how international relations influence the economic growth of a country.
• Women leaders and their role in the country’s development. Many years women were not allowed to hold leadership positions. Even now female leaders often face criticism. In your research proposal, evaluate the perception of women leaders and their role in country’s development.
• How does globalization affect public health?
• Is microfinance in low-income communities a salvation?
• What does aging imply for one’s income level?
• Developing countries : what is in demand?
• Study capital accumulation in Taiwanese households.
• Review insurance risks in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Explore the saving habits of women in India.
• What did the current generation inherit from the Great Depression era ?
• What are the reasons behind excessive urban bias in Latin America ?
• Is pollution in developing countries inevitable?
• Caribbean states: external influences and countermeasure policies.

Medical Research Proposal Sample Topics

Thorough medical research is vital for human survival and wellbeing. The human body harbors many mysteries that need exploring. If you want to contribute to solving the puzzle, check out this section.

• Addictions among young people : treatment and prevention. Provide ideas for the treatment of young people and ways to help them live a drug-free life. Suggest concepts to prevent addictions to video games , alcohol, drugs, etc.
• Healthcare equality for minorities . Various minority groups may face inequality in healthcare. Analyze why the disparities occur for a certain minority group. Provide your suggestions on how to decrease the rates of under-insured minority representatives across the country.
• Healthcare in rural areas . People in backcountry often have limited or no access to adequate treatment. You can investigate and provide suggestions on how to improve quality of healthcare in these areas.
• Movement disorders: treatment. Neurologic conditions like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s are destructive for both the patient and their family. Assess ways to treat these conditions and help patients.
• Childhood obesity : prevention. According to the OECD report , one in six children suffers from obesity. Examine recent studies and suggest new concepts for obesity treatment and prevention .
• Pediatric transplants: patient survival. In your proposal, you can examine new drugs aimed to minimize the side effects of the treatment regimens or analyze challenges in the treatment of transplanted patients.
• Health education in high school . Numerous surveys show that more than 50% of parents are dissatisfied with the quality of health education their children receive at school. Suggest ideas to improve the quality of educational programs. What issues should they cover?
• Stress and depression among the youth . Stress-related disorders are common among students. Recent studies show that almost 75% of children up to 18 years with anxiety also suffer from depression. You can investigate ways to prevent depression and anxiety disorders.
• Mental health education . Examine the importance of proper mental health education in school, along with traditional health topics like abortions or drug abuse.
• What are the safer routes of estrogen intake for risk groups?
• Discuss disease prevention for pregnant women.
• Review the pros and cons of revascularization in older patients.
• Negligence of donor organs: who else can be potential patients ?
• The dark side of sports: diseases in athletes .
• Assess the accuracy of noninvasive screening .
• Delayed surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic : a difficult choice.
• Shift distribution in nursing : what are the adverse health outcomes?
• Sub-fertility in men and women: similarities and differences.

Biology Research Proposal Sample Topics

Biology is not just about watching birds or inspecting plants. The science of life has much to offer. If you choose to write a paper on this subject, why not study microbiology? Or maybe epidemiology? There is much left to understand about the organisms inhabiting this planet.

• Stem cell research: cloning . Examine the ethics of cloning and its effect on social development. Research what implications cloning may have on society.
• Honey bees’ disappearance . Research causes of mass disappearance of bees. What impact can it have on the agricultural industry? Provide suggestions on how to prevent its negative consequences.
• Cancer, stress, and treatment . Assess studies related to cancer and its causes. What role does stress play in cancer treatment? How can the atmosphere in hospitals help patients get better?
• Heart health and stimulants: interrelations. Examine the correlation between stimulants and risks of heart diseases .
• Diets and healthy food . Explore the most popular diets . How do they affect a person’s health? Are there any benefits of eating only certain vegetables and fruits?
• Pregnancy and hormones . Investigate how maternal hormones in the first trimester impact the risk of breast cancer . It can be a great topic for your Ph.D. dissertation since there is a lack of research on this issue. Most research works are related to the later gestation period.
• Human impact on marine life . Analyze how the Fukushima disaster influenced marine life and its effect on species population. What are the ways to protect rare or endangered species from radiation?
• Drug medicine in pediatrics. Discuss the ethics of drug prescription on children. Explore ways to improve pediatric drug trials and development.
• Indoor life and diseases : correlations. Modern life involves mostly indoor lifestyle. Analyze how it affects people’s ability to contract diseases. Is there a connection between the H1N1 flu epidemic and indoor life?
• Genetic engineering: what is possible in 2024 ?
• Discuss virus mutations and available means to prevent them.
• Explore priors in relation to epidemics .
• What biological factors influence a country’s economic stability?
• Recovery of endangered species: what obstacles persist ?
• Discuss the possible health effects of living on another planet .
• Study botanical structures in advanced artificial designs.
• What are the adverse effects of bioremediation in suburban areas?
• Rudimentary organs: which can be the next one?

Environmental Research Proposal Topics

Environmental disasters are happening at an unprecedented rate. Finding ways to combat them is an urgent mission. That’s why many countries made environmental issues a top priority on their political agendas.

• World’s coral reefs: how to prevent destruction . Provide ideas for the environmental management of the countries that will help to decrease the reefs’ destruction .
• Climate change: a scientific approach. Share your ideas on why governments criticize the Climate Change Agreement. Examine the Paris Climate Agreement and point out its weaknesses.
• LED lights and their role in environmental protection. LED lights become more and more popular. You can find them everywhere: in TVs, computers, and even cars. Point out why LED light bulbs are better than the traditional one and how they impact the environment.
• Acid rains and endangered species . Pollution is a significant issue, and one of the popular environmental proposal topics. Analyze the impact of acid rain on marine life and wildlife.
• Clothing industry and their impact on water contamination. Production of one T-shirt requires over 2,700 liters of water . Provide suggestions on how fashion trendsetters can impact the production of clothing. Suggest how upcycling programs can reduce water pollution.
• Alternative energy and transportation. Investigate whether alternative fuel vehicles can replace traditional ones. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of alternative energy.
• Fukushima disaster , Arkhangelsk explosion, and Chernobyl. Examine these three disasters: what role did a human factor play? Provide your ideas on how to prevent similar tragedies.
• Radon: how to protect families from its impact? Radon is a radioactive gas that can enter peoples’ homes through cracks in the home’s foundation. Investigate its effects on health and suggest concepts aimed to protect families from radon.
• Rainforests and their ecosystem. It’s a widely known fact that Amazon rainforests play a significant role in life on our planet. Assess the ecosystem of the rainforest and suggest methods aimed at rainforests restoration.
• How does invasive grass impact plants in arid lands?
• How do we regulate wildfire’s naturally beneficial functions?
• Review riparian forests’ role in carbon regulation .
• Explore the human factor in phenology-related disruptions.
• Describe successful watershed initiatives and their features.
• How can we replicate temperature tolerance in fish?
• Assess the environmental value of rangelands compared to other areas.
• Thriving ecosystems : what prevents their degradation?
• Modern species extinction : what happens when humans are uninvolved?
• Review existing instruments in predicting climate variability.

Research Proposal Topics in International Relations

Thanks to globalization, humanity is more interconnected than ever. How do various states, NGOs, and other global actors interact with each other? That’s the critical question of international relations. This subject contains aspects of economics, politics, and law.

• Female political leaders and their interaction specifics. Traditions inspire many political factors. Recently, women started bringing something new to it. For example, they eased the tension, especially in formal interactions.
• Representing a nation’s interest: who is the target audience? A country is at the most united while interacting with other nations. It has to present a consistent position. However, it doesn’t always reflect what the majority wants.
• The socio-economic system’s impact on foreign relations. Currently, there is a clash between two opposite views on production. Their differences might pose problems to cooperation.
• Wealth discrepancies: developing countries adopting free market approach. Many countries in the world currently require financial help. Providing it may lead to dependency on more prosperous partners. How can they adapt to capitalism?
• Free-trade organizations and their underlining political potential. Some people claim that countries in unions benefit only economically. However, they also build strong relations in other spheres. Besides, their membership may influence the union’s decision-making.
• State sovereignty : the extent of one’s independence. The countries involved in global cooperation are considered sovereign. You can debate whether we can say it about the countries dependent on others.
• The United Nation’s recent successes and failures. The organization is an influential actor on a global scale. It’s responsible for mitigating conflicts and disasters. However, not all of its initiatives are fruitful, such as Sudan.
• A personality in foreign policies : possible negative outcomes. Branches of the government cooperate on the unified state agenda. However, political leaders may eclipse this effort. For instance, their position can be unrelated to the country’s actual needs.
• Nationalism among global problems: advantages and risks . Currently, many issues require international cooperation . Still, some solutions may be harmful to particular countries.
• Debate takeover’s relevance to modern global discourse. Throughout history, countries were driven by their desire to conquer. See if this approach has transformed or outlived its purpose.
• Analyze barriers to nuclear disarming in the US.
• How do global companies affect native populations?
• What’s the impact of the liberal approach on long-lasting conflicts?
• Analyze favoritism in global relations.
• Discuss equality issues in smaller countries.
• Fake news in diplomacy and potential issues.
• Write about human rights promotion in autocracies.
• How does xenophobia influence diplomatic relations?
• Economic sanctions : how do they punish the population?
• Pick a local issue and discuss international responses to it.

Topics for a Research Proposal: Economics

It’s nice to have goods and valuables. But it’s also relevant to know how to properly handle them. Economics looks into how people produce, consume, and otherwise interact with resources.

• Subtle ways of violating workers’ rights . A government may present itself as a supporter of the working class . Study how actions such as prioritizing corporate interests reveal their real goals.
• Minimum wage equivalents in the freelance setting. A commission-based job has many advantages. However, the drawbacks are also numerous. Review them in your proposal.
• Income growth: which groups might be missing? The overall tendency for people is to earn more. Yet, it’s not always the case for minorities . See what the reasons behind it are.
• Newer industries fearing the power of unions. The benefits of labor unions are well-known. It includes better working environments and payment. But you may argue that corporations consider unions a nuisance.
• Homelessness : are we not addressing the problem’s root? Some communities have spent their budgets on making common spots for homeless people inaccessible. Yet, the underlying causes of this condition remain unresolved.
• Green proposals and initiatives : what are the reasons for rejection? Politicians have been offering plans to alleviate ecological damages. Yet, they are criticized by the representatives of the affected economic sectors.
• Federal aid: issues with transparency and legislature. Local and state governments manage their finances independently. Still, they remain under restrictions. It forces them to rely on higher-level support during difficult times.
• The fiduciary rule: who wants it revised? This rule aims to protect the customers’ interests in choosing investment plans. Discuss why some stakeholders view the initiative as an obstacle.
• Region-based wage increases : a potential temporary solution. The solution’s ultimate goal is to influence the federal wage. That’s why its proponents find regional proposals distracting. You can argue that they could work as a transitional mechanism.
• The US and migrant labor global standards. The issue with immigrants persists. Amid the crisis, select states strive to improve the situation. Does the federal level ignore international regulations?
• Wage suppression: what factors lead to it?
• Recent trade agreements ‘ implications for industry workers.
• How did COVID-19 affect farmworkers?
• Who are the potential benefactors for infrastructure investments?
• How do massive job losses impact state economies?
• Decreased economic growth : what could accelerate it?
• Why are pensions the central drawing aspect of a teacher’s profession ?
• New taxation suggestions: will the rich suffer?
• What should the fiscal policy target ?
• Tipping regulation policies and related issues.

Criminal Justice Research Proposal Topics

Criminal justice deals with the identification, judgment, and punishment of criminals. It encompasses three spheres: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections.

• Crime and emergencies . Is it true that a lot of crimes are committed during public emergencies? If so, what can be done to prevent them?
• The relationship between the police and people of different ethnicities. Can diverse police departments and body cameras prevent police violence? In what ways does the perception of police officers affect public safety?
• The efficiency of drug courts . What is the long-term effect of drug courts participation? Do they help or hurt people? What improvements can be made?
• The impact of parents’ incarceration on children. Children whose parents are imprisoned are indeed more likely to develop psychological problems. How can that be prevented? Who should take care of the children?
• How does gender influence criminal punishment ? Men are more likely to get the death penalty. Why? Are women mistreated in court?
• Can gun control reduce crimes ?
• How can drug trafficking be prevented?
• Can the death penalty ever be a fair punishment ?
• Will the legalization of prostitution cause more crimes or reduce them?

Qualitative Research Proposal Sample Topics

Are you more of a hands-on student? Does conducting interviews and fieldwork sound exciting to you? Then writing a proposal for qualitative research is the right thing for you.

• Beauty standards : women’s perception of themselves and others. The definition of beauty exists in society as an unspoken rule. Not everyone is fortunate to fit it. What does it entail?
• Feminism as an all-encompassing movement: opposing perspectives. Feminism has evolved from being about women to covering all gender rights. However, anti-feminist and notions continue to exist. See why some people insist on creating separate campaigns.
• The silent majority in non-democratic countries. Many such countries have a high population that could overthrow the regime. However, they seem content with the situation. Find a logical explanation for this phenomenon.
• Likes and reposts: how do they affect people? Social media are not just spots for sharing and discussing topics. They’re also about fame . Certain users make it their mission to achieve it.
• The allure of foreign media. Anime and Korean pop music have found success in the US. Discuss what makes them appealing to the audience.
• Successful women : what are their resilience factors? Some industries discriminate against their older female workers. However, opposite examples are also common. Demonstrate how a woman can stay on top at any age.
• The adult industry: how should we regulate it? People involved in the sex industry are often subject to abuse. The government makes attempts to prevent it. Would it be reasonable to ban the sector completely?
• Counter urbanization : why do people leave cities with opportunities? A new trend is moving into the countryside away from noise and pollution. Discuss what makes former city-dwellers make such a choice.
• Modern readers and their habits. People reading less is a topical issue. Analyze how people’s interactions with books have evolved.
• How hesitant decision-making affects abusive households . When abuse happens in a family, the sufferers often will trust experts to resolve the problem. But sometimes, the process can become complicated.
• What can people do to save the marine life ?
• Study race-based differences in accounts of police forces .
• How do you convince a child with disabilities not to give up?
• Research what happens when children’s favorite teacher retires.
• Review the methods of late-life language learning .
• What are the main obstacles when parting with one’s first job ?
• How are people with a Ph.D. degree perceived by society?
• Overweight people : what helps them the most?
• Subcultures of the past: are they coming back?
• Dealing with previously undiscovered diseases in children.

Quantitative Research Proposal Topics to Write About

If math doesn’t scare you, quantitative research might be what you’re looking for. It’s suitable for everything: from agriculture to microeconomics. Quantifying data collection and analysis is at the heart of this research method.

• Women’s contribution to the US economy . Since gaining equal rights, women started to work and buy goods actively. Assess the importance of their presence in the main economic sectors.
• The limited coverage of alternative energy sources . The world has known safer power generation means for years. Still, their usage remains limited. Discuss whether expansion is possible.
• Public security in democracies and modern autocracies. Security is one of our primary values. Sometimes people are willing to sacrifice their freedoms for it. But does it mean that less democratic countries are more secure?
• Cybercrimes: their rise and potential damage scope . Digitalization comes at a price. We can see it with criminal activity on the Internet. Discuss the forms of such activities.
• Online information sources vs. traditional media . Today, people have more news outlets than ever. Children start using social media from an early age. Yet, TV and newspapers might still have a large audience. What are their advantages?
• Violence is on the decline: myth or reality? The current time is relatively peaceful compared to earlier periods. Yet, violent incidents still happen. You can debate the trend’s universal nature in your paper.
• Natural disasters : does human activity affect their frequency? Earthquakes , landslides, and hurricanes have always posed a danger to people. Recently, they became more frequent than before. Is humanity involved in causing them?
• Smartphones as a catalyst for local decision-making. Today almost everyone owns a multi-functional mobile device. In what case can their use be an administrative issue?
• Social justice movements and feasible workplace outcomes. The recent years have seen several positive upheavals concerning women and minority groups. Evaluate their impact on employee discrimination around the world.
• Space exploration and environment: misguided priorities? Some believe that saving the Earth is hopeless. Thus, colonizing other planets is the solution. Could the money spent on those technologies have solved global issues?
• Discuss the millennials’ inclination towards volunteering .
• What’s the impact of streaming on the music industry ?
• Study cryptocurrencies and related tax evasion issues.
• Review recent trajectories in US media censorship .
• How successful are crowdfunding websites?
• Is it reasonable to choose homeschooling to avoid school shootings?
• LGBTQ’s mainstream media portrayal : a quantitative analysis.
• How do oil spills damage marine life?
• Does autocorrect function affect literacy levels in students?
• Assess satisfaction with medical services against their price.

Easy Research Proposal Topics for Students

A research doesn’t have to be about rocket science. Easy topics can be just as effective. Check out our collection of simple research proposal topics:

• Height reduction in children and older adults. Many people think that senior citizens are shorter than other age groups. Are all demographics affected by vertical changes?
• The Earth spins, but no one feels it. Some people still believe that the planet is flat. They argue that it’s so because we do not feel any movement. In fact, the sphere has certain features that prevent it. What are they?
• What is the mechanism of vaccination ? Some fear being vaccinated and prefer contracting viruses to develop immunity. It comes from not entirely understanding how vaccines work. How do they offer safer protection?
• Evolution of wings and humanity’s dreams of flying. People have always dreamed of conquering the sky. Evolution deprived them of such a skill. The dinosaur’s direct descendants were rewarded instead: common birds.
• Color perception in animals: humans vs. pets. Humans can see the world in all its glory. Yet, other creatures are not necessarily capable of that. Even cats’ and dogs’ color perception is limited.
• Time travel: is it only possible in fiction ? Many movies and TV shows use the concept of time traveling. Perhaps the future will make it possible, but under what conditions?
• How did the Solar System’s structure change over time? At some point, the Earth had eight accompanying planets. Later, the classification was overhauled. The system expanded, but it cost Pluto its planet status. What other changes occurred throughout history?
• The extent of regeneration : cells and organs. Humans are surprisingly capable of recovering from wounds. Does it also extend to whole organs?
• Current issues with space exploration and colonization. Decades ago, humanity managed to put people on the Moon. Since then, other space advancements have been made. Why weren’t they on the same scale?
• The origins of the modern-day Western calendar. Christian nations live according to the numerical system allegedly starting from Christ’s birth. It also includes seven days based on his life, although it predates him by long.
• Salt in tears and blood: is it the same?
• Assess noise sensitivity during sleep and intensive work.
• What determines the uniqueness of fingerprints?
• Alternative energy generators and how they work.
• What determines if a smell is unpleasant?
• How do optical illusions work ?
• Why do people’s preferences and hobbies change with age?
• What’s the purpose of bird songs?
• Dangerous wildfires : how much is humanity at fault?
• Animal extinction : potential impacts on other species.

If you still want to find some more topics, you are welcome to check science research proposal topics on our blog to make your academic writing life much easier.

📝   How to Write a Project Proposal

Before you start working on the proposal itself, it’s pivotal to understand the standard proposal writing format.

Every academic paper has defined rules to follow, so let’s take a look at the research proposal structure.

Components of Research Proposal

Typically, a research proposal consists of a title, abstract, introduction, research methodology, research results, discussion, ethical considerations, and references.

At the beginning stage, you should choose an interesting proposal title to investigate. It may sound unbelievable, but a carefully chosen title can do half the job in persuading your audience.

In this article, you’ll find research proposal topics in many different areas. It’s always easier to choose one if you have a list of proposal topics to browse. Once you’ve chosen your topic, make your research proposal title catchy and relevant.

Next, every research proposal needs an abstract. This part of your paper has a limited word count, typically between 100 and 300 words. If you want to convince your research committee in just a few lines, you should take this stage very seriously.

The abstract must summarize your research proposal, so it’s better to write it after the rest of your paper is done.

Introduction

This is a standard part of every paper, but different documents include various elements in their introductory texts.

A research proposal introduction should contain the following three parts:

Research Methodology

When writing a research proposal, you need to describe the methods you’ve used. It will make your work more credible and allow the readers to evaluate it properly.

Your methodology helps you carry out your research. It serves as a basis for any academic paper, and it’s closely connected with your research question.

Research Results

You may be wondering how you can write the research proposal results when you haven’t actually conducted the research yet.

Well, don’t worry—you’re not expected to draw final conclusions at this stage. Instead, just try to analyze what research proposal results you’ll get after your project is done and how those results will impact your field of study or the world at large.

This is an important part of your paper because it explains to the research committee whether or not your results will be worth the effort. Try to persuade the audience that you can get important results, but never promise too much.

Research Discussion

It’s okay to face some problems with your research, whether it’s trouble getting an interview from a foreign professor or having the funds to complete an expensive experiment.

Just don’t try to hide from the research committee the things you can’t do for your project. Instead, discuss them with your committee so they can have the whole picture and give you helpful advice on your research. Who knows—maybe one of them can introduce you to this foreign professor!

Ethical Considerations

If your research is conducted on people or animals, you should mention how you’re going to collect your data. Make sure your research proposal methodology doesn’t conflict with ethical guidelines.

References and Appendices

No research paper can be written without reading and studying dozens of sources. You site them all in the References section . If you have any questionnaires for your research proposal or any other documents related to your investigation, include them all in the appendices .

Outline of a Research Proposal: Step by Step

STEP #1. Write the abstract.

How should you write your research proposal abstract? Explain the primary problem you want to explore and tell why it’s important:

The next step is writing a research methodology section.

STEP #2. Introduce your methodological approach.

To choose a methodological approach, you need to analyze your research question. Do it from the following points of view:

STEP #3. Introduce your data collection methods.

Depending on how you answered the previous questions, choose which types of data you will need for your research:

• Primary data that you collect yourself.
• Secondary data , already available and presented by someone else.

Here are the main methods of primary data collection:

• Surveys are perfect for assignments where you need to gather information from a group of people. It can be done in the form of a questionnaire or as an interview.
• Observation is used when you need to see how something occurs in natural conditions.
• An experiment is a set of procedures conducted in order to test a theory.

Secondary data is usually obtained from books and articles. The main method here is the literature review , where you analyze and evaluate information from the source.

STEP #4. Describe your methods of analysis.

The methods of analysis can be qualitative or quantitative.

• T-tests estimate the difference between the means of two groups (e.g., populations of two cities)
• Simple linear regression analysis estimates the relationship between two variables (e.g., amount of rainfall and crop growth)
• Multiple regression analysis estimates the relationships between one dependent and several independent variables (e.g., pneumonia in people of different ages)
• Content analysis (e.g., the use of certain words in texts)
• Thematic analysis (e.g., to identify common topics in texts)
• Discourse analysis (e.g., to analyze the text in relation to its social context)

STEP #5. Justify your choices.

Here you should explain why you’ve chosen a particular methodology for your project. Show why your approach is the most appropriate one, and why other methods are not suitable. Here’s the list of the most common disadvantages:

• T-tests become unreliable when the normal distribution of data is violated.
• In simple linear regression , the results are often over-simplified.
• Multiple regression analysis can sometimes use incomplete data.
• Content analysis can disregard important nuances.
• Thematic and discourse analysis can be too subjective.

Research Proposal Cover Page & Format

Every academic paper has defined rules to follow, so let’s take a look at the research proposal writing format.

Research Proposal Title Page

The front page of a proposal includes the following:

• Your name ;
• Your project’s title ;
• Name of the institution or organization you’re applying to;
• Name and contact information of your research’s supervisor ;
• Submission date .

Formatting and References

Remember to make a reference to every article or website that you used to write your research proposal, and only use credible sources for your study, such as books and peer-reviewed articles. You are usually required to cite your sources in one of the existing citing styles, such as APA or MLA .

Research Proposal Timeline

A timeline is a plan that indicates the milestones of your research and the dates at which you could realistically achieve these milestones. Time schedules are especially important for lengthy researches.

Here are the milestones that you can include in your timeline:

• Research proposal completion
• Literature review
• Conducting experiments
• Data analysis
• First draft completion
• Rewriting and editing
• Final draft.

It’s handy to have two versions of the same timeline. First, make a shorter one to include in your research proposal. Then, write a more detailed version for your personal reference.

📄 Undergraduate Research Proposal Sample

Finally, we’ve prepared a research proposal example (MLA format) to help you better understand your task. Feel free to download it below.

This study examines the effect of mobile educational applications on pre-school children and their academic achievements. The research was conducted by studying and analyzing the information provided by similar previously conducted researches. The interpretive methods, which focus on understanding a phenomenon comprehensively, and secondary data collection, were used for this research.

We hope you’ve enjoyed this article. Have any interesting questions or ideas? Let us know in the comments!

Learn more on this topic:

• Research Proposal Help: Amazing Resources, Tips & Tools
• Best Research Proposal: How to Write, Sample and Tips
• The Importance of a Research Proposal: Purpose and Advantages

🔗  References

• Research Process, A Step-by-Step Approach: Nash Library & Student Learning Commons at Gannon University
• How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography: LibGuides at Cornell University
• Effective Writing: Grammar Rules
• Making an Outline, Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Research Guides at University of Southern California
• A Guide for Proposal Writing: The National Science Foundation
• What’s the Best Business Proposal Format: Bplans, Palo Alto Software, Inc.
• How to Write a Business Proposal, A Basic Guide: The Balance Small Business
• How to Write Your Research Proposal: University of Westminster, London
• Medical Students Topics: Medscape
• Psychology Research Paper Topics, 50+ Great Ideas: Kendra Cherry, Verywell Mind
• Topics: HISTORY, A&E Television Networks, LLC.
• 10 Best Proposal Examples [With Critical Critiques]: Mary Cullen, Instructional Solution
• Free Business Proposal Templates: Proposify
• Writing Your Research ProposaL: Oxford University Department for Continuing Education
• Writing a Good PhD Research Proposal: FindAPhD
• Nick Bostrom’s Home Page: Nick Bostrom
• Research Priorities: Minerva Research Initiative
• Generate Topic Ideas Quickly and Easily: Online Research Library Questia
• Faculty Research Topics: USC Viterbi, School of Engineering
• Writing Research Proposals: University of California, Berkeley
• Finding a project: Washington State University
• Undergraduate Sample Research Topics: Political Science: Western Michigan University
• World History: Britannica
• Literature Topics and Research: Purdue University
• Most Downloaded Journal of Business Research Articles: Elsevier
• Recent Research Topics on Management: Research Gate
• Business Administration: Academia.edu
• Sample Business Proposals: Proposal Kit
• Political Science Research and Methods: Cambridge University Press
• Articles: Frontiers of Business Research in China: Springer Open
• Management Science/Operations Research: Emerald.com
• Working Knowledge: Business Research for Business Leaders: Harvard Business School
• Education Research: EdSurge
• Special Education: American Institutes for Research
• Special Education Research Programs: US Department of Education
• Early Childhood Education Research: Australian Council for Education Research
• Research Areas: Department of Chemistry: Stanford University
• Research: Chemistry World
• Metaphysics and Epistemology: PhilPapers
• Research Programs in Development Studies: Princeton University
• Research Articles: The BMJ
• Medical Research News: Medical Xpress
• Nature Research: Nature.com
• Research Topics: Natural Resources and Environment: The University of Arizona
• Areas of Research: Economic Policy Institute
• International Affairs: RAND
• International Relations: SAGE Journals
• Quantitative Research Topics: Frontiers In
• Articles on Curious Kids: The Conversation
• Study of Impacts of Global Warming on Climate Change: Rise in Sea Level and Disaster Frequency: IntechOpen
• Research Methodology: Open.edu
• Background Research: Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts
• Background Research: LibGuides at University of Connecticut
• Data Analysis: The Office of Research Integrity: HHS.gov
• Five Principles for Research Ethics: American Psychological Association
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Interesting Topics

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• Indian J Occup Environ Med
• v.26(2); Apr-Jun 2022

A Study of the Effectiveness of Workplace Health and Safety Programmes in a University Setting in Canada

Zakia hoque.

Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada

Veeresh Gadag

Atanu sarkar, introduction:.

Nearly a quarter-million people work in universities in Canada, making it one of the fastest-growing sectors. Although each university provides occupational health and safety services and training programmes to their employees, there have been no studies conducted on the impact of such programmes on employees’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dissemination of information of workplace health and safety programmes to workers at a Canadian university.

The study compared two cross-sectional online surveys of employees of a Canadian university regarding workplace health and safety with a previously conducted cross-sectional study and thematic analysis of key informant interviews to address the issues raised in the surveys.

Participation in health and safety presentations could enhance understanding and practices of safety. Age, employment status and duration of employment were associated with the levels of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of employees and graduate students. The key informant interviews highlighted some new initiatives such as the establishment of workplace health and safety committees in all university buildings; the development of a safety app and health and safety management system; routine annual inspections of all university building offices and laboratories; new orientation for undergraduate students where general safety rules are described.

Discussion:

University should have regular presentations on the available health and safety programmes and should increase the number of safety training programmes and keep track of the employees that have not received any training, particularly for those working in hazardous environments.

I NTRODUCTION

The labour force in the university sector in Canada is large and has considerable occupational diversity. According to Statistics Canada, out of 17 million-member workforce, 1.3 million (8%) are in educational services, and almost 20% of these individuals (~250,000) work in various universities.[ 1 ] The 2016 census shows that educational services in Canada had the fourth-highest rate of growth and more than half of this increase was in universities.[ 2 ] The working environment in universities is highly diverse, as there are a wide range of disciplines involving teaching, research, administration and maintenance. Due to this multifaceted working environment in the universities, employees encounter various types of occupational health risks. Despite the complexity of occupational risks, little has been written about occupational health and safety programmes of the university employment sector.[ 3 ]

In Canada, workers are covered by provincial or federal labour codes, depending on the sectors in which they work. While workers in mining, transportation, and the federal government are covered by the Canada Labor Codes, other workers such as employees of universities are covered by provincial health and safety legislation.[ 4 ]

Venables and Allender (2007) described the occupational health services in 93 universities in the UK by drawing on data from surveys carried out in 2002, 2003 and 2004. Most survey responses were received from universities and in-house services. The surveys requested self-completed information on occupational health services from each university. The results indicated that 50% of the universities had an in-house health service, 32% relied on a contractor, 9% used the campus student health service, and a further 9% had an ad hoc arrangement or no arrangement. On average, the service was poor, as usually only one half-day doctor with one full-time nurse and a part-time clerk were available to provide service. The wide variation among universities in staffing levels suggested that some universities might have less-adequate services than others.[ 3 ] A study examining the safety concerns of faculty members of a university campus in USA (Alabama) showed that women faculty members took more personal safety precautions than men and felt more strongly about the need for the improvement of safety features on campus. A 160-item questionnaire was distributed to the faculty members asking about socio-demographic information, daily campus activities, personal safety protection taken while on campus, awareness and attitudes about safety on campus, and reported cases of victimization on campus. A few months later, the authors examined the safety awareness of male and female staff members in the same university using the same questionnaire. The results indicated that although female staff members reported more regarding acts of violence against them than male staff members, there was not much difference in their attitudes towards improving safety features on campus. Faculty and staff members identified that they like to use avoidance strategies such as walking with a friend or using objects as a weapon rather than contacting campus security.[ 5 ]

All Canadian universities have Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) or similar departments through which Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) services are provided. All the universities follow a similar practice such as a) having health and safety committees on the campus, b) promoting health and safety and providing risk management services, c) conducting regular workplace inspections and reviewing incident investigative reports, e) creating annual reports about incidents, lessons learned, and providing recommendations to senior administrators, and e) organizing health and safety information session for the employees. The EHS unit mainly offers training on fire safety, first aid, laboratory safety, biosafety, X-ray safety, radiation and laser safety, WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System), contractor safety, respiratory protection, ergonomics, hazardous waste management and disposal and also provides health and safety committee representative training.[ 6 ]

Despite the existence of occupational health and safety programmes in various Canadian universities, recorded evaluation of such programmes is sparse. Considering the large workforces in universities and their unabated positive growth, it is crucial to evaluate the existing occupational health and safety programmes in Canadian university settings. The aims of this study were: a) to evaluate the effectiveness of health and safety programmes through well-designed surveys of faculty members, staff and graduate students of a Canadian university (Memorial University of Newfoundland or MUN); and b) to conduct a key informant interview of the officials of MUN responsible for the operation of the health and safety unit to address the issues raised in the surveys.

In 2013, MUN contracted a third-party consultant to conduct an impartial assessment of the safety culture at the university. The consulting group was asked to do a complete assessment of the current state of health and safety programmes offered by MUN through the Office of the Chief Risk Officer and to identify gaps in the programme. The consulting group surveyed about 10% of the permanent employees of MUN in 2013 and produced a report in 2014. The Office of the Chief Risk Officer called the report a ‘Gap Analysis (GA) survey’. In 2015, to address the identified gaps and to increase awareness about the health and safety programmes, the Office of the Chief Risk Officer organized several health and safety presentations for MUN employees. We sought to examine if these presentations had any effect on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of the employees and graduate students at MUN and if their level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour are sustainable over time. As a result, in consultation with the EHS Unit in 2016, we administered two identical online surveys to employees and graduate students at MUN. The purpose of the first survey was to answer the following research questions:

• Has there been any significant improvement in the perception of the workplace health and safety of MUN employees since 2013 when the survey on gap analysis in safety culture was conducted?
• Do knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the health and safety of MUN employees differ with respect to demographic variables?
• Is there any significant difference in the perception of safety practices between those who attended the health and safety presentations and those who did not attend these presentations?

The purpose of the second survey (using the same questionnaires of the first survey) was to assess the retention of health and safety knowledge over the period of 6 months. The intent of conducting the surveys was to gain insight into important factors that could make MUN's health and safety programmes more effective. The study also intended to explore the responses of the officials to the issues raised in the surveys.

We used a mixed-methods approach by collecting, analysing and integrating quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (interviews) data to gain in-depth understanding and corroboration while offsetting the weaknesses inherent in using each approach by itself.[ 7 , 8 , 9 ] Approval from the ethics committee was obtained. The date of the approval 23rd August 2016.

Survey participants

The survey participants in the two surveys that we conducted, included graduate students/researchers, faculty members and staff, as they work for the MUN as employees. As the surveys were anonymous, the second survey was sent to the same entire population and not to only the respondents of the first survey. This allowed us to compare the results with those of the independent surveys to determine if there are any changes in the knowledge level of the employees on health and safety-related information.

Survey design

Two identical online surveys of MUN employees were conducted between 1) October 19, 2016 and November 30, 2016, and 2) April 10, 2017 and June 10, 2017. The purpose of the first survey was to gauge the level of uptake of the information on health and safety, disseminated by the EHS Unit to the MUN Community through their safety workshops in 2015–2016 as well as through their broader reach-out mechanisms. Further, we wanted to study the effect of the knowledge about health and safety on the attitudes and behaviour of the employees and graduate students at MUN. The second survey was conducted six months after the first survey. It targeted the same population and followed the same methodology as the first survey and aimed to understand the retention of knowledge over time and whether the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of the employees changed over time.

Our survey was developed based on input from the EHS unit. Some questions were based on questions from the GA survey with the intent of comparing the results. We also adopted some questions from the survey questionnaire of the study ‘Montana Tech Campus Safety, Security and Safety Awareness Survey’ conducted by Kristine Witt in 2011 at Montana Tech University, USA.[ 10 ] We conducted a pilot survey of some faculty members, staff and graduate students to ensure the readability, clarity, and organization of the survey questionnaire. We sent e-mails to all faculty and departments of MUN's main campus in St. John's and affiliated Grenfell campus in Corner Brooke, detailing the nature of the survey and provided a web-link (Survey Monkey ® ) to access the survey. The questionnaire with the references is presented in a supplementary file (S1) . At the beginning of the survey, online consent was obtained. The survey instrument was prepared to capture the awareness, attitudes and behaviour of employees and graduate students toward health and safety programmes offered by MUN. The questions were divided into three groups: 1. Knowledge (refers to the awareness and perception of the participants related to health and safety); 2. Attitudes (collects information on the viewpoints and beliefs of the participants about occupational health and safety); and 3. Behaviour (collects information on participants’ day-to-day safety practices/protocols at the workplace).[ 11 ] Questions 7-18, 21, 22, 25, 29, 31 and 40 were designed to test the knowledge of the participants regarding occupational health and safety; questions 19–20, 26–27 were combined to assess their attitudes; and questions 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 41 were grouped under behavioural questions (please refer to the questionnaire in supplementary file S1 ). The last few questions were on the perceptions of the participants about safety in specific areas on the campuses.

In the knowledge group, there are 18 questions. For each question, we assigned a score of 1 for the answer “No” and a score of 2 for the answer “Yes”. We added the scores of these 18 questions, which ranged from 18 to 36. We divided this range of responses into halves, 18–27 representing lower score and 28–36 representing higher score, following the procedure described in.[ 12 , 13 ] we used a similar procedure with four questions representing attitudes and six questions representing behaviour groups. The purpose of creating these categories was to test for the association between the levels of the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of the participants among themselves and with the demographic variables, using frequency analysis technique.

In order to compare with the GA survey, we selected only the Yes/No-type questions (similar to the GA survey) and divided them into three broad themes: i) Environmental Health and Safety Office-related questions, ii) Faculty/Building-related questions, and iii) Department/Division-related questions.

Key informant interviews (KII)

After completing the cross-sectional surveys, we conducted KII with eight officials who have been responsible for the development and implementation of health and safety programmes at MUN. Among them, five officials were from the Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) unit, two officials were from the Workplace Health and Safety Committee (WHSC) and one official was from Facilities Management (FM). The interviews were recorded in writing. A thematic content analysis approach was used for data analysis. Each transcript was reviewed and coded to identify key emerging themes. We then compared the coding of the transcripts. The first question of the interview is about the initiatives taken by the EHS unit to raise awareness about health and safety among MUN employees after 2013. For further analysis, we divided the rest of the questions into three groups. The first group is about knowledge and awareness of safety policies. Questions 2–6, 12 are included in this group. Questions 7–10 are in the group on laboratory safety and workplace hazards. Questions 11, and 13–15 are in the group of MUN facilities and services (please refer to the questionnaire in supplementary file S2 ). The primary motivation of the KII was to collect further information related to the survey questionnaire and to find answers to some of the comments made by the participants in the surveys. Therefore, some questions asked in the KII were based on the outcomes of the survey results.

Data analysis

Apart from descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests were conducted for correlation and P - value less than 0.05 was considered significant. For data analysis, SPSS (version 24) was used. For a detailed statistical analysis, please refer to the supplementary file (S3) .

In the first and second surveys, 148 and 103 valid independent respondents were identified, respectively. Table 1 shows demographic information of survey 1 and survey 2 participants. There was an increase in the level of the participants’ knowledge/awareness about MUN's health and safety policies, when compared to GA survey (please see detailed findings in Supplementary file (S4) ). There was an increase in the level of awareness among the employees about the presence of the EHS unit at MUN and improved communication with the Health and Safety Committee compared to GA results. On the other hand, there were lower levels of knowledge about MUN's working alone procedures, and about AED (automated external defibrillator) locations. In all three surveys, the participants demonstrated little familiarity with the OHS Act.

Demographic characteristics of the university worker participants

We have observed some association between demographic variables and knowledge, attitudes and behaviour (safety practices) of employees regarding health and safety programmes. Table 2 presents the association between the knowledge level score and demographics of the employees. In the first survey, there are associations between ‘the level of health and safety knowledge of the participants’ and their (a) ‘attendance at the safety presentations’ ( P < 0.05), b) ‘employment status’ i.e., faculty/staff/graduate student ( P < 0.05) and c) ‘age’ ( P < 0.05). For a detailed statistical analysis, please refer to supplementary file (S3) [Tables # S3.3.1 , S3.3.2 , S3.3.3 ]. In the second survey, there are associations between: ‘the level of health and safety knowledge’ and (a) ‘employment status’ ( P < 0.05), b) ‘age’ ( P < 0.05), and c) ‘duration of employment’ ( P < 0.05). For a detailed statistical analysis, please refer to supplementary file (S3) [Tables # S3.3.4 , S3.3.5 , S3.3.6 ].

Cross-tabulation between demographics and Knowledge level score

* Low score: 18-27; High score: 28-36; α significant for survey 1, β significant for survey 2

Table 3 presents the attitude level score and demographics of the participants. In the first survey, there are associations between ‘the level of attitude towards safety’ and: a) ‘employment status’ a) ( P < 0.05), and b) ‘age’ ( P < 0.05). In the second survey, no association was found between any of the demographic information and attitude towards safety. Please refer to Supplementary file S3 for a detailed statistical analysis [Tables # S3.4.1 , S3.4.2 ].

Cross-tabulation between demographics and attitude level and behaviour level scores

α significant for survey 1, β significant for survey 2

Table 4 also presents the association between ‘the behaviour (safety practice) level score’ and ‘demographic variables’ of the participants. In the first survey, there are associations between ‘behaviour level score’ and: a) ‘attendance at the safety presentation’ ( P < 0.05), and b) ‘employment status’ ( P < 0.05). In the second survey, there is an association between ‘attendance of the safety presentation’ and ‘behaviour level score’ related to health and safety ( P < 0.05). Please refer to Supplementary file S3 for a detailed statistical analysis [Tables # S3.5.1 , S3.5.2 , S3.5.3 ].

Laboratory safety related responses from different groups (in percentage)

In our two surveys, we observed that those who attended safety presentations had a better level of safety practices than those who did not attend the safety presentations. Overall, there is no significant difference in the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of the employees and graduate students between the two surveys. In Tables ​ Tables2 2 and ​ and3, 3 , the Chi square test results indicate that the levels of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of the employees and graduate students have not changed much over the period of six months.

The only change we observed is a decrease in the knowledge of graduate students and researchers regarding laboratory safety in the second survey [ Table 4 ]. In both surveys, the participants reported that some places on the campus are safe [ Table 4 ]. In the first survey, 70% of the faculty/staff reported that they felt safe in the campus labs, and 51% of graduate students/researchers reported that they felt safe in the campus labs. Compared to the first survey, the difference in knowledge regarding lab safety between faculty/staff/administrators and graduate students/researchers decreased in the second survey (Please refer to Table 5 for the results). It can, therefore, be stated that the graduate students/researchers need more awareness sessions and training on laboratory safety.

Group wise health and safety ratings of different on-campus areas (except laboratories) (in percentage)

For KII, five officials from the Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) unit of MUN, two officials were from the Workplace Health and Safety Committee (WHSC) and one official was from Facilities Management (FM). During the interviews, the participants from the EHS unit highlighted several initiatives undertaken by their unit since the release of 2013 Gap Analysis (GA) results. Some important recent initiatives undertaken by EHS were: (a) Five to seven safety campus-wide presentations were organized, some of which were geared towards senior management and WHSC members; (b) MUN restructured 27 WHSCs on its campuses to provide adequate safety services and to meet the legislated requirements of CCOHS and the University OHS Act and Regulations. Each of the 27 WHSCs covered few buildings on campus; (c) In 2014, MUN implemented electronic safety reporting system (e-alert) (d) MUN Safe App was introduced in 2016; (e) Inspections of all university building offices and 350 laboratories are being conducted annually; (f) Orientation sessions for new undergraduate students each year are being organized, where general safety rules are described; (g) Established a chemical management system for labs; and (h) Created annual water sampling procedure for drinking water safety. The participants from WHSCs also mentioned some initiatives undertaken by the EHS unit such as (a) an increase in the participation of representatives from the EHS Unit to sit on the WHSC meetings and (b) more frequent laboratory inspections. The participant from FM mentioned some initiatives such as maintaining a good database to track the expiry date of the employee training; and more engagement in the weekly Toolbox Talks to discuss potential hazard assessment.

Most of the KII participants mentioned that the graduate students’ supervisors are responsible for providing information to the students on laboratory safety rules and whom to call first in the event of an incident/accident. They placed the responsibility for providing laboratory safety equipment on the Department Heads. The participants emphasized budget and manpower as the main bottlenecks for addressing workplace hazards in a timely manner. There were some suggestions from the KII participants to improve health and safety at MUN such as (i) making attendance of safety presentations mandatory and included as part of the new employee and student orientation packages, (ii) demonstrating the AED in every building, (iii) encouraging all university members to install the MUN Safe App on their phones, and (iv) constantly improving app on a regular basis.

D ISCUSSION

The survey results indicate that there are significant associations between: a) ‘attendance at the safety presentation’ and ‘participant's health and safety knowledge’, b) ‘level of attitude’ and ‘behaviour levels’, c) ‘employment status’ and ‘participant's knowledge level on health and safety’, d) ‘participant's age’ and 'safety knowledge level’, and e) ‘length of service’ and ‘participants’ level of knowledge on health and safety. In our two surveys, we observed that those who attended safety presentations had much better understanding and practices of health and safety than those who did not attend. It is clear from the results that there should be more emphasis on dissemination of the activities of the EHS unit to a larger number of MUN employees and students on a regular basis. The results of the cross-sectional surveys (our two surveys and the GA survey) show consistency in the three survey results. As presented in Table 2 , the respondents increased their awareness about the presence of the EHS unit at MUN and improved their (respondents) communication with the Health and Safety Committee over time. On the other hand, we identified some issues that need to be addressed such as less familiarity with MUN's working alone procedures, AED locations, and OHS Act. The dissemination of information on the OHS Act needs improvement, as this is the basis of all health and safety-related regulations, responsibilities, and rights.

Health and safety programmes should be evaluated periodically to ensure that best practices are being followed on a regular basis. Programme Evaluation always helps the institute to update guidelines as necessary, and to address areas of need or concern in the institute. In some of the previous studies, periodical evaluations were conducted to investigate any change or improvement in population health. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in1990 and in 1998 in Copenhagen, Denmark to investigate whether the prevalence of skin-prick-test (SPT)-positive allergic rhinitis had increased in an adult general population in Copenhagen, Denmark. A screening questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was distributed in random samples of 15–41-year-old people in 1990 and in 1998. Among the responders, random samples were invited to a health examination including SPT.[ 14 ] Two International Studies on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - questionnaires based surveys were carried out in 1994 and in 2001 among school children in Singapore to evaluate the hypothesis that the prevalence of asthma would further increase and approach to western figures over time.[ 15 ] A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 1973 among 12 years old children in South Wales, Britain. In 1988, the survey was repeated in the same area among 12 years old children to again to observe whether the prevalence of asthma had increased.[ 16 ] Frequency of prescribed drugs use was assessed by a sample of elderly people 65 years and over in Nottingham in 1985 and 1989. The aim was to observe the change in numbers in the use of prescribed drugs.[ 17 ] Though in our study, we do not observe any significant difference overall in the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of the employees between the two surveys, we observe a significant decrease in the knowledge regarding laboratory safety in the second survey. Our study is therefore, successful to investigate the change in perceptions of the employees regarding workplace health and safety over time.

This study used a mixed-methods approach as such a method allows for a more robust analysis.[ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] We conducted online surveys as online survey can easily obtain large sample, it can control answer order, it required completion of answers, and online survey can ensure that respondents answer only the questions that pertain specifically to them.[ 18 ] Through the quantitative online survey analysis of MUN employees and graduate students, we learned of their perceptions regarding MUN's workplace health and safety programmes. These perceptions are a one-sided view of the survey participants, and quantitative survey analysis does not provide a detailed explanation of several issues. Through the KIIs, we collected further information related to health and safety programmes at MUN and clarified some of the issues raised by the participants in the surveys. Such as, the KII participants clarified that the graduate students’ supervisors are responsible for providing information to the students on laboratory safety rules and whom to call first in the event of an incident/accident; the Department Heads are responsibility for providing laboratory safety equipment; and budget and manpower are the two main bottlenecks for addressing workplace hazards in a timely manner. The KII participants also mentioned some recent beneficial initiatives such as, the arrangement of five to seven safety presentations campus-wide, restructuring of the WHS and EHS committees, the implementation of an electronic safety reporting system and the MUN Safe App, new orientation for undergraduate students where general safety rules are described, and development of the Health and Safety Management System. There had been a gap in understanding about health and safety matters between the employees and MUN health and safety officials. The qualitative analysis of the KII has filled this gap.

Our study is the first of this kind in the context of Health and Safety Program evaluation in Canadian university. Our study focused on the level of uptake of the information on health and safety disseminated by the university EHS unit through their safety presentations and workshops. We have also studied the effect of employee's and graduate student's knowledge about health and safety programmes at MUN on levels of their attitudes and behaviours. In addition, we have conducted KII interviews of the officials who are engaged in developing workplace health and safety programmes at MUN. As a result, improvements in the health and safety programmes have been planned by university officials. This is the practical implication of this study as the KII participants suggested some future procedures to improve health and safety at MUN such as making attending safety presentations mandatory for all employees and students; demonstrating the AED in every building; and encouraging all university residents to install the MUN Safe App on their phones.

There were some limitations of our study. The sample sizes of the surveys were small as participation was voluntary, and there was no incentive for participating in the surveys. The survey participants were not equally distributed across the disciplines, as the numbers of respondents from some faculties were much higher (Engineering faculty) than the number of respondents from other faculties (Arts and Education faculties). The survey data were anonymous, so our assertion on sustenance of the perceptions of the health and safety of respondents over the six-month period of time is not stronger.

In future surveys, undergraduate students should be included, as they are also exposed to similar risks as graduate students, and they outnumber graduate students. There is a sizable workforce involved in post-secondary university institutions in Canada, and this sector is growing. Varying ranges of working environments in the universities expose employees to multiple occupational risks. Safety training in a university is often not mandatory, and the survey analysis clearly indicates that there is need to increase the level of uptake on the information on health and safety programmes of university by employees and graduate students. Therefore, the universities should increase the number of safety training programmes and keep track of the employees that have not received training, particularly for those working in hazardous environments. Assured provision of financial resources is the key to maintaining a safe work environment and practices.

Key Messages

Universities should make safety training mandatory for all employees and graduate students. Therefore, there is a need to increase the number of training sessions to accommodate all eligible persons. Also, the universities should keep track of the employees and students that have not received training, particularly for those working in hazardous working conditions. The universities have to set aside financial resources for such regular trainings.

Financial support and sponsorship

Conflicts of interest.

There are no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Associate Director of the EHS Unit of the Office of the Chief Risk Officer, Memorial University, Ms. Barbara Battcock, for her valuable suggestions throughout the survey. We would also like to thank all the anonymous participants who volunteered for the surveys and for the key informant interviews.

Supplementary File S1

Memorial University-Workplace Health and Safety Survey .

1. Did you attend the Safety-Presentation provided by Environmental Health and Safety Unit at Memorial University?

[ ] I don’t remember.

2. Employment Status

[ ]Faculty.

[ ]Researcher/Graduate student.

[ ]Administrator.

4. Which faculty/office do you belong to?

[ ] Medicine

[ ]Pharmacy

[ ]Engineering

[ ]Business

[ ]Education

[ ]Administrative office

[ ]Other (Please specify)

5. In which age group do you fall?

[ ] Less than 30

[ ] 60 or more

6. How long have you been on the Campus as an employee?

[ ] less than 5 years

[ ] 5-9 years.

[ ] 10 -14 years

[ ] 15-19 years

[ ] 20-24 years

[ ] 25 years or more

7. Are you aware of the presence of the Environmental Health and Safety Unit at Memorial University? (GA Survey, 2013)

8. Are you aware of Workplace Health and Safety Committees (WHSC- formerly known as Occupational Health and Safety Committees) of the building you work in? (GA Survey, 2013)

9. Does the WHSC in your building communicate with you? (GA Survey, 2013)

10. Do you read newsletters, brochures, bulletins, etc., relating to health and safety e-mailed by Environmental Health and Safety Unit? (GA Survey, 2013)

[ ] I don’t receive any of them.

11. Were you informed about the Occupational Health and Safety Act? (GA Survey, 2013)

12 Do you know where to report a safety concern, a safety hazard or accident? (GA Survey, 2013)

13 Do you know your role in the event of an emergency? (GA Survey, 2013)

14) Do you know the campus emergency telephone number? (GA Survey, 2013)

15. Do you know the shortest exit route from your work area (s)? (GA Survey, 2013)

16. Do you know whom you call first if you get injured at work? (GA Survey, 2013)

17. Are you aware that there are Automated External Defibrillators (AED) available in campus buildings? (GA Survey, 2013)

18. Do you know where the AEDs are located in the buildings you work? (GA Survey, 2013)

19. If AED training is made available through MUN, would you be interested in participating in the training? (GA Survey, 2013)

[ ] I am already trained in using AED.

20. In your experience, do you think that safety is a priority within your department/division/faculty/office? (GA Survey, 2013)

21. Do you understand your responsibilities for your and your colleagues’ health and safety? (GA Survey, 2013)

22. Are you familiar with MUN's health and safety policies? (GA Survey, 2013)

23. Please rate how safe you feel in the following areas on campus. (Montana Tech Safety Awareness Survey, 2011).

Please elaborate on any other particular areas you feel unsafe.

24. What precautions do you think you should take to increase your safety on campus? (Check all that apply). (Montana Tech Safety Awareness Survey, 2011).

• i) Carry a cellular phone.
• ii) Let others know where I will be.
• iii Take safety- training classes.
• iv Other, please specify.

25. Are you aware of Memorial's online reporting system for the health and safety issues/concerns? (GA Survey, 2013)

26. Do you report unsafe acts/conditions if you see them? (GA Survey, 2013)

’Toolbox Talks’ is the name of a meeting, which gives opportunity to Memorial University workers, supervisors and Department Heads a means of communicating health, safety and environmental initiatives as well as accident/incident ‘Lessons learned’ and expressing concerns, obtaining information, and resolving issues related to safety in the workplace.

27. Are toolbox talks/safety meetings relevant to your task? (GA Survey, 2013)

[ ] I do not know.

28. Have you participated in a toolbox talk/safety meeting? (GA Survey, 2013)

29. Are you aware of MUN's working alone procedures? (GA Survey, 2013)

30. Do you work after hours at least some times? (GA Survey, 2013)

31. Are you aware of MUN's safety escort service? (GA Survey, 2013)

32. Do you work at a lab or visit one frequently?

33. Please rate the following regarding laboratories on campus.

34. Is safety discussed in your workplace? (GA Survey, 2013)

35. Were you provided information/training on the safe use and maintenance of tools and equipment necessary for your job? (GA Survey, 2013)

36. Have you requested specific safety training appropriate to your position? (GA Survey, 2013)

37. Were you informed about the hazardous materials that are present in your workplace? (GA Survey, 2013)

For the purpose of this survey a hazard is defined as: ‘Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work’.

38. How many hazards have you identified in your work place in the last one year.

0 1 2 3 4 or more.

In the above question if your answer is 1 or more than 1 go to question 34 or else go to question 35.

39. How many of them have been corrected in a timely manner?

40. Are Employees given feedback on accidents that occur in your workplace? (GA Survey, 2013)

41. Do you have any concerns regarding your safety and/or security in your faculty or department?

If you answered yes please specify.

42. Which of the following do you think MUN should provide to help increase the safety of the campus community? (Check all that apply). (Montana Tech Safety Awareness Survey, 2011)

• Improve safety escort service.
• More emergency call boxes.
• Additional lighting.
• More security guards.
• More safety presentations.
• Self-defence classes.
• Other, please specify

Supplementary File S2

Key Informant Interview Questions

Q1. After the 2013 Gap Analysis survey on safety culture, can you recall any additional initiatives that EHS Unit has initiated to create awareness on health and safety among MUN employees?

Q2. In the surveys less than 50% respondents (first survey 46.6%, second survey 40.8%) notified that they had participated in the safety presentation/workshop in 2015. Is this level of participation satisfactory? If not what additional steps can be taken to reach out to more people at MUN?

Q3. The survey results indicate that, the graduate students and researchers have low level of knowledge/awareness on occupational health and safety programmes compared to the faculty and staff. Knowing that the graduate students and researchers are more exposed group to different safety critical scenarios,

• i Does this appear as a concern?
• ii How do you think the safety awareness of graduate students and researchers can be improved?

Q4. In the surveys less than 65% of the participants know whom to call first if they get injured at work. Is this level of awareness acceptable? What are the current mechanisms to educate researchers/employees about this information? How do you think this information can be disseminated more effectively?

Q5. The respondents have suggested to improve communication and implementation of the policies and to provide more auditing of safety policies by EHS department to ensure compliance, do you have a similar observation? Is there any continuing effort to improve this concern?

Q6. The surveys indicate that, among the people who said Tool Box Talk is relevant to them, the level of participation in toolbox talk decreased over time. Does your observation support this finding? If so, what can be done to increase the participation?

Q7. The survey analysis indicates that, the graduate students and researchers need more training on eyewash station and safety shower, can you explain the current mechanisms for training graduate students on these basic safety practices? Do you see any way to improve the provision of training and increase the level of participation?

Q8. The respondents suggested to install more flammable gas detectors and improve the splash proof safety goggles. In your opinion are the units/labs equipped with adequate gas detectors and splash proof safety goggles?

Q9. The respondents commented on shortage of lab space and shortage of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment).

• i) Is there any continuing effort to create more lab space?
• ii) Who is normally responsible to provide the PPE to the researchers/graduate students? How can one address the shortage of PPE in labs at MUN?

Q10. In the surveys over 50% of the respondents mentioned that, none of the hazards at their workplaces had been addressed in a timely manner.

• (i) What are the current practices for reporting, follow-up and correction of hazards?
• (ii) Do you see any bottleneck in the addressing the hazards in a timely fashion?

Q11. The survey results show that over 70% of the respondents want to participate in AED training. Is there any continuing effort to provide AED training to the employees and students at MUN?

Q12. The surveys indicate that a significant portion of the employees is not aware of MUN's working alone procedure though most of the employees are working after hours at the office. Is this a concern? If so what can be done to increase awareness on working alone procedure among the employees?

Q13. The participants have suggested repair of walkways and parking lots and removal of thick layer of ice from the parking lots to prevent slips and falls. Does this come under the purview of EHS Unit? If yes how can one address this issue?

Q14. Many respondents showed their concern about the design and usage of MUN Safe App. Is there a continuing effort to improve the App and make it user friendly?

Q15. In the surveys many of the participants have suggested the improvement of the on-campus safety escort service. How is the current safety escort service implemented and what additional steps can be taken to improve it?

Supplementary File S3

Table s3.3.1.

Chi-Square Tests for table 3

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.02, * p-value < 0.05 considered significant

Table S3.3.2

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.89

Table S3.3.3

Chi-Square Tests for Table 3

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.08

Table S3.3.4

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.67

Table S3.3.5

Chi Square Tests for Table 3

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 12.53

Table S3.3.6

a. 1cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.67

Table S3.4.1

Chi-Square Tests for table 4

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.71

Table S3.4.2

Chi-Square Tests for Table 4

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.79

Table S3.5.1

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14.75

Table S3.5.2

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.94

Table S3.5.3

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.87

Supplementary File S4

Comparison of surveys

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Opening health for all: 7 research topics shaping a healthier world.

Despite recognizing health as a fundamental human right, we currently live in a world where half the population can't access the medical care they need , according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In response, World Health Day 2024 rallies under the theme "My health, my right," demanding quality healthcare, clean air, and healthy environments for all.

The call aligns with Sustainable Development Goal #3: good health and well-being , which includes targets such as universal health coverage and strengthening the capacity of all countries, particularly developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction, and management of national and global health risks.

To second this mission, we have picked 7 Research Topics that tackle some of the world's toughest healthcare challenges. These topics cover ensuring everyone's access to healthcare, life-limiting illness as a public health challenge, and the ethical challenges in digital public health.

All articles are openly available to view and download.

1 | Public Health in the Context of Life-Limiting Illnesses: Patient-Centered Care in Advanced and Life-Limiting Illnesses

Palliative care is holistic, person-centered care and has played a critical role in recent disease outbreaks, environmental disasters, and other humanitarian crises. It is also integral to public health and public health strategies.

At least 60% of people who die have a prolonged advanced illness. The need for palliative and end-of-life care will increase due to the rapidly aging world population and the increase of multiple long-term conditions.

Consequentially, this Research Topic discusses advanced and life-limiting illness as a public health challenge. It also explores the role of palliative and end-of-life care, including rehabilitation, in shaping person-centered care.

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2 | Ethical Considerations for Digital Public Health

Public health guidelines and policies relating to digital public health are essential to protecting the population. Accessing health services entails an obligation of care, and understanding the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is also necessary.

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The Business of Construction

Calculating the True Cost of Underinvesting in Construction Health and Safety

As the construction sector embarks on another fiscal year, prioritizing health and safety is increasingly imperative. New industry-specific safety research and technology aims to help directors effectively optimize their financial resources and more precisely understand the economic impacts of safety strategies.

SHIFTING THE PARADIGM

The construction industry across America is evolving quickly—especially when it comes to cutting-edge technological solutions in software and hardware, aimed at reinforcing safety protocols and yielding both operational and economic advantages. However, implementing these advancements often hinges on showing a tangible economic benefit, an issue that an innovative new initiative seeks to tackle by merging insights from academia and industry professionals.

Brad MacLean, founding chair of the Construction Safety Research Alliance, in partnership with Nathalie Moyen, a finance professor at the University of Colorado's Leeds School of Business, are two leaders for a CSRA team that is developing applied research to more effectively determine the return on investment of safety initiatives. This project introduces a rigorous, empirically based methodology for managing safety in construction, by focusing on forming a solid fiscal rationale for safety interventions, examining both immediate and enduring effects, and linking them to tangible financial outcomes. This effort is vital in creating a persuasive business-based argument for adopting safety innovations in construction, helping directors of health and safety in securing executive-level support.

The project involves four principal activities: first, pinpointing individual safety measures or safety interventions; second, evaluating their immediate or short-term effects; third, understanding how these short-term effects translate into long-term outcomes; and, finally, connecting these outcomes to the overall value of the firm.

This strategy is revolutionary, shifting from a tactical to a strategic mindset, with decisions rooted in specific financial returns on safety measures, in line with broader business development goals.

Reflecting on safety data, including accidents and near-misses, is a regular practice that highlights the dual risks—reputational and financial—that construction firms face. The high-risk nature of construction work, characterized by activities such as working at height, in challenging lighting conditions or with hazardous materials, makes safety a top priority, both morally and financially.

The repercussions of safety lapses are substantial. Incidents can lead to OSHA fines, legal actions from injured workers, equipment replacement costs and the loss of contracts, to name just a few direct impacts.

Additionally, in the current tight labor market, the impact on employee morale and employer brand can't be overlooked. The workforce has changed dramatically in recent years–health and safety is now at the forefront of any construction job, no matter how menial.

Construction firms are well versed in health and safety measures, what they need to do and why, but more could always be done to ensure everyone is well versed in the economic value of those solutions and that they are embraced at every level of leadership.

While people safety is paramount, safety lapses can have far-reaching effects on a company's operational efficiency and long-term profitability. Frequent accidents can disrupt project timelines, leading to delayed deliveries and strained client relationships. This not only affects current contracts but can also hamper the ability to secure future ones, as clients increasingly prioritize safety performance when selecting partners.

PROTECTING YOUR BRAND

In today’s environment, where employee wellbeing and corporate responsibility are increasingly under public scrutiny, the safety culture of a company has become more crucial than ever. Companies known for high safety standards are not only viewed more favorably in terms of brand perception, but they also tend to attract better talent and retain employees longer. And talent attraction is vital for any industry but particularly for the construction sector given the key challenges it faces.

For example, the sector is increasingly adopting new technologies like BIM, drones and automated machinery. This technological shift requires a new skill set, and attracting talent capable of working with these advancements is crucial for companies to stay competitive and innovative.

Younger, more technologically adept workers can also contribute to improved safety and efficiency on construction sites. They bring fresh perspectives and are often more receptive to new safety protocols and technologies that can reduce accidents and increase efficiency.

Although the role of advanced technology in enhancing workplace safety is also becoming more pronounced, construction firms need to recognize their potential to make their jobs easier and safer. For instance, the integration of tools such as AI for risk assessment, wearables for monitoring worker health and safety, and software for incident tracking and reporting are examples of how technology is not just supporting safer work environments but playing a meaningful role in the creation of them.

REVOLUTIONIZE

Traditionally in the United States, safety measures in the construction sector were primarily compliance driven. Today, the emphasis has shifted toward efficiency and risk management, propelled by the complexity of modern projects which demand enhanced safety solutions. In this era, technology plays a pivotal role, extending its value beyond safety to encompass overall operational improvement. Tools, both hardware and software, are instrumental not just in bolstering safety but also in streamlining operations, thus enabling contractors to manage risks proactively, reduce administrative workload onsite, and enhance worker productivity and project efficacy.

For example, digital safety platforms are redefining standard procedures such as employee induction and hazard control. Their implementation marks a significant transformation in workplace safety management, offering automation and real-time tracking and reporting of safety incidents. This ability to report incidents instantaneously facilitates swifter responses to hazards and may decrease accident likelihood. Additionally, the data amassed via these platforms can be scrutinized to identify trends and foresee potential risks, fostering a proactive rather than reactive approach to safety.

The CSRA's research will provide safety directors and strategists with empirical evidence to pinpoint the most effective safety measures, helping management to make more informed investment choices. By delivering solid data on the efficacy of different safety interventions and a protocol for testing new interventions, this research assists construction firms in allocating resources for optimal impact, a critical consideration in an industry grappling with balancing safety priorities against budget limitations.

THE GLOBAL APPLICATION

Once completed, the CSRA's work will offer comprehensive advice on effective safety measures, including how workplace injuries significantly affect company value. This methodology, comparable to clinical trials in healthcare, aims at safeguarding both employee welfare and organizational health.

By demonstrating the financial merits of safety measures, the project not only promotes safer work environments but also reports on profitability impacts, ushering in a new phase in construction safety, where ethical obligations and economic interests are scientifically documented. This approach will help establish a new benchmark for safety protocols in the United States.

Although the primary focus is on elevating safety standards in North America, the outcomes of this project hold the potential to redefine global safety norms. Leading North American construction companies, often involved in global projects, can disseminate these innovative safety insights worldwide, establishing a global standard in construction safety and operational efficiency.

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