case study on weather monitoring system using iot

Weather Reporting System Using IoT: Benefits & Use Cases

Imagine a world where the weather is no longer an unpredictable force that catches us off guard. This reality is already here, owing to IoT based weather monitoring systems . How do they work, which industries do they serve, and what benefits do they offer?

This article has you covered as we dive into these and even more questions. Learn how IoT technology allows businesses to adapt to changing weather conditions and optimize performance with WebbyLab, an experienced IoT development vendor .

We’ll navigate you through the applications of weather monitoring system using IoT and explain the importance of such ventures. Drawing from our weather reporting expertise in projects like 2Smart Standalone , we’re here to elevate your business operations through the Internet of Things .

Weather forecasting scenario in the 2Smart Cloud platform.

The Role of IoT in Weather Reporting Systems

Traditional weather monitoring systems are getting outdated. They’re often prone to errors and inaccurate predictions — and these factors can damage your business. But with IoT in place, these systems transform dramatically. Here’s how.

• Traditional weather reporting methods, while informative, often suffer from delays in data collection and transfer. IoT, in turn, gathers data from sensors in real time.
• IoT takes forecasting to the next level when combined with internet-connected weather stations. It can predict the weather accurately and quickly for different geographic locations.
• IoT-based weather monitoring systems seamlessly integrate data from a multitude of sources. Weather sensors , satellite imagery, weather stations, drones, and even personal devices are just some examples.
• The Internet of Things brings precision to weather insights. Businesses can collect data from specific places, e.g., by improving crop watering based on soil moisture or changing flight paths to avoid turbulence.

Check how we build custom solutions for clients

Benefits of Weather Reporting System Using IoT

With the Internet of Things, weather monitoring systems have stepped up their game, becoming more accurate, consistent, and quicker in operation. Now, that sounds great, but what does this tech actually offer businesses? Here are the main benefits:

• Real-time data collection. Thanks to IoT devices and sensors, businesses get weather updates from all sorts of locations right when they need them.
• Higher accuracy. A weather monitoring system using IoT gathers data from numerous sources, providing a detailed picture of what’s happening with the weather.
• Wider coverage. Traditional weather monitoring systems usually check conditions at just a few weather stations, leaving out other areas. When IoT technology steps in, businesses can cover more places, even the most distant ones.
• Predictive analytics. IoT-powered weather reporting systems use historical data and current trends to tell businesses what’s coming. That’s how companies can adjust their operations before any weather-related challenges appear.
• Reduced response time. Every second counts when the industry is about making fast decisions — aerospace or emergency services. That’s where IoT weather monitoring comes in as a solution , offering real-time insights for rapid response times.
• Cost-effectiveness. A weather reporting system using IoT allows companies to optimize resource usage and reduce waste. For example, agriculture businesses can leverage weather forecasts to adjust their irrigation and crop protection measures.
• Increased safety. Industries prone to weather-related risks, like construction or transportation, enjoy the advantages of IoT-based automatic weather stations . These businesses can plan their activities more safely with a minimum of accidents and disruptions.

Industries That Benefit from Weather Monitoring System Using IoT

Now that you know the main benefits that IoT systems bring to weather monitoring, let’s dive into the industries that reap these advantages. Here are several examples:

Manufacturing

Manufacturing processes are intricately linked to the weather. IoT technology ensures businesses time their production just right, coordinating with the best weather conditions. Whether it’s managing temperature-sensitive materials or adjusting supply chain logistics based on weather forecasts, manufacturing gains efficiency and precision. 

Flying safely and smoothly is the core of aviation, and the weather here is a big player. Thanks to IoT-based weather reporting, airlines and air traffic control get real-time updates on turbulence, lightning, and visibility — all necessary to make flights safer.

Agriculture

Imagine having a trusted partner in farming decisions — that’s what IoT weather insights are all about. When it’s time for planting, watering, or dealing with pests, these become essential. Farmers can get information on rainfall, temperature, and soil moisture with IoT to make smarter choices for their fields.

IoT based weather monitoring systems are handy in the automotive industry. When the weather gets worse and the roads get slippery, the Internet of Things may help. It assists in developing advanced driver assistance systems and fine-tuning cruise control based on visibility, ultimately adapting vehicles for safer driving.

Warehouse Management

Inventory management and logistics greatly depend on the weather. And that’s where IoT weather stations come into play. They help warehouses predict when severe weather might influence their goods and adjust storage conditions accordingly. The same goes for shipping schedules.

The energy sector, whether using renewable or non-renewable sources, is influenced by weather patterns. Using IoT energy management systems, this industry can predict when people will need more or less energy, ultimately optimizing resource allocation and enhancing grid stability.

Weather conditions are crucial for insurance companies. It’s a common instance in the US, where numerous insurance categories exist — from property protection in case of floods and hurricanes to evaluating risks for energy facilities, agriculture, health, and more. With IoT, insurers can assess risks and price their services properly.

Types of Sensors Used for Weather Monitoring

When learning how to develop IoT-based weather reporting system and considering deploying one, the sensors you choose depend on what you’re aiming to explore. There are various gadgets, each with its own particular purpose. Look at how different sensors work for various scenarios:

Boosting Crop Yields

If farmers are diving into smart agriculture, they need information on temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and rainfall. Here are the sensors used in such a case:

• Temperature sensor
• Humidity sensor or hygrometer
• Soil moisture sensor
• Rain sensor

Increasing Flight Safety

Think about pilots preparing for a smooth flight. They need to know all about wind speed, direction, atmospheric pressure, and even visibility. Check out the sensors suitable for this use case:

• Barometric sensor
• Visibility sensor

In a nutshell, the sensors you pick for weather monitoring depend on what you’re diving into.

Reasons to Invest in an IoT-Based Weather Reporting System

Whether in healthcare, agriculture, aviation, transportation, automation , warehouses, or laboratories, the right weather information is your compass. And here are the primary reasons to invest in a weather monitoring system using IoT :

• Continuous climate monitoring. An IoT-based weather reporting system tracks all environmental changes, whether small or big. It means you always know what’s happening and can prepare for unfavorable weather beforehand.
• Preventing losses. The IoT platform for weather monitoring serves as your early warning signal. It allows you to minimize damage and secure your business.
• Avoiding business disruptions. With IoT in place, you don’t have to shut down your business even if the weather gets rough since you’re ready to adapt. You can adjust schedules, reroute logistics, and ensure smooth operations, leveraging predictive analytics and real-time insights.

WebbyLab Experience in Weather Monitoring Using IoT

WebbyLab has a profound background in leveraging the Internet of Things for weather reporting. Here’s our case study on IoT system for weather monitoring :

Leveraging Ready-Made Solutions

We understand that building custom weather stations from scratch might seem the way to go, but we’ve taken a different route. Recognizing the extensive resources and time invested in refining and testing existing solutions, we’ve opted to work with these well-established options. This decision lets us focus on what truly matters — extracting accurate and reliable weather data.

Using Modern Devices

In today’s market, especially in industrial contexts, weather station devices are often designed for large ecosystems. Their software isn’t necessarily tailored to specific clouds or applications. To bridge this gap, we employ separate gateways. These gateways allow us to run our software, connect physically to devices through interfaces like RS-485, RS-232, One Wire, or Ethernet, and process the collected data. Owing to that, we can integrate weather insights into our solutions easily.

Integrating Weather Monitoring into 2Smart Standalone and 2Smart Cloud

Ease of access and usability are critical for us. That’s why integrating weather data into our 2Smart Standalone platform has been a priority. We’ve established integrations with virtual weather platforms like OpenWeather and YahooWeather. With these in place, users can create virtual devices effortlessly and receive real-time weather data for their locations.

The virtual weather stations in the 2Smart Standalone platform.

The same goes for our 2Smart Cloud platform , where anyone can set up a weather station and access weather information via our mobile application.

The weather station in the 2Smart Cloud platform.

Tailoring Weather Insights for Specific Needs

We’ve also tailored weather insights to specific applications. Our smart greenhouse solution, built on the 2Smart Standalone platform , incorporates a unique sensor-based weather forecasting scenario. Users can easily integrate their real-time pressure and wind direction data. Our algorithm then calculates the nearest weather forecast, enhancing precision for greenhouse operations.

Get Weather Insights with WebbyLab

If you’re tired of Mother Nature’s surprises and want to protect your business from weather-related disruptions, consider using an IoT based weather monitoring system . This solution allows for real-time data collection and unparalleled forecasting accuracy, ultimately optimizing your processes.

Ready to feel the difference between traditional weather monitoring and IIoT-based monitoring system ? Contact WebbyLab experts . With our profound experience in IoT projects , we’ll elevate your business with precise weather forecasting solutions.

Learn more about how we engage and what our experts can do for your business

Written by:

Kostiantyn Oliynyk

Head of IoT at Webbylab

With a robust academic background in Telecommunication Systems Engineering, I apply my knowledge to lead innovations in the IoT domain. Starting as the first team member in the newly formed IoT department at WebbyLab, I've spearheaded its growth, fostering the expansion into embedded and hardware development alongside our core software projects. My dedication lies in pushing the boundaries of IoT technology, fostering a culture of innovation and excellence that profoundly impacts our clients' operational success.

It uses sensors and devices that gather weather data, connect through messaging protocols , and transmit the information to a central hub or a cloud platform. The collected data is then analyzed to get up-to-date weather insights.

A weather monitoring system using Arduino can observe various parameters: temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, soil moisture, UV radiation, and more.

Businesses can implement different security measures to protect their IoT weather monitoring systems. Some examples include encryption, robust communication protocols, authentication mechanisms, and adherence to the latest IoT standards .

Users typically get weather information through mobile apps, web interfaces, and dashboards.

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NCESC - 2018 (Volume 6 - Issue 13)

Internet of things (iot) based weather monitoring system.

• Article Download / Views: 36,016
• Total Downloads : 13
• Authors : Girija C, Harshalatha H, Andreanna Grace Shires, Pushpalatha H P
• Paper ID : IJERTCONV6IS13149
• Volume & Issue : NCESC – 2018 (Volume 6 – Issue 13)
• Published (First Online): 24-04-2018
• ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
• Publisher Name : IJERT

Department of Electronics and Communication, NIEIT, Mysuru

Andreanna Grace Shires

Harshalatha H

Pushpalatha H P

Abstract- The system proposed in this paper is an advanced solution for monitoring the weather conditions at a particular place and make the information visible anywhere in the world. The technology behind this is Internet of Things (IoT), which is an advanced and efficient solution for connecting the things to the internet and to connect the entire world of things in a network. Here things might be whatever like electronic gadgets, sensors and automotive electronic equipment. The system deals with monitoring and controlling the environmental conditions like temperature, relative humidity and CO level with sensors and sends the information to the web page and then plot the sensor data as graphical statistics. The data updated from the implemented system can be accessible in the internet from anywhere in the world.

Keywords- Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded Computing System; Arduino Software, ESP8266, Smart Environment.

. INTRODUCTION

The internet of Things (IoT) is viewedas an innovation and financial wave in the worldwide data industry after the Internet. The IoT is a wise system which associates all things to the Internet with the end goal of trading data and conveying through the data detecting gadgets as per concurred conventions. It accomplishes the objective of keen recognizing, finding, following, observing, and overseeing things . It is an augmentation and extension of Internet-based system, which grows the correspondence from human and human to human and things or things and things. In the IoT worldview, many articles encompassing us will be associated into systems in some shape . It is a current correspondence paradigm that envisions a near future, in which the objects of regular day to day existence will be outfitted with microcontrollers, handsets for computerized correspondence, and reasonable convention stacks that will make them ready to speak with each other and with the clients, turning into a vital piece of the Internet. The IoT idea,consequently, goes for making the Internet much more immersive and unavoidable.Moreover, by empowering simple get to and association with a wide assortment of gadgets, for example, for example, home apparatuses, reconnaissance cameras, checking sensors, actuators, showcases, vehicles, et cetera, the IoT will encourage the advancement of various applications that make utilization of the possibly gigantic sum and assortment of information created by such questions give new

administrations to subjects, organizations, and open organizations. Present innovations in technology mainly focus on controlling and monitoring of different activities. These are increasingly emerging to reach the human needs. Most of this technology is focused on efficient monitoring and controlling different activities. An efficient environmental monitoring system is required to monitor and assess the conditions in case of exceeding the prescribed level of parameters (e.g., noise, CO and radiation levels). When the objects like environment equipped with sensor devices, microcontroller and various software applications becomes a self-protecting and self- monitoring environment and it is also called as smart environment. In such environment when some event occurs the alarm or LED alerts automatically. The effects due to the environmental changes on animals, plants and human beings can be monitored and controlled by smart environmental monitoring system. By using embedded intelligence into the environment makes the environment interactive with other objectives, this is one of the application that smart environment targets. Human needs demands different types of monitoring systems these are depends on the type of data gathered by the sensor devices.Event Detection based and Spatial Process Estimation are the two categories to which applications are classified. Initially the sensor devices are deployed in environment to detect the parameters (e.g., Temperature, Humidity and CO etc.)while the data acquisition, computation and controlling action (e.g., the variations in the temperature and CO levels with respect to the specified levels).

Sensor devices are placed at different locations to collect the data to predict the behaviour of a particular area of interest. The main aim of the this paper is to design and implement an efficient monitoring system through which the required parameters are monitored remotely using internet and the data gathered from the sensors are stored in the cloud and to project the estimated trend on the web browser. A solution for monitoring the temperature, humidity and CO levels i.e., any parameter value crossing its threshold value ranges, for example CO levels in air in a particular area exceeding the normal levels etc., in the environment using wireless embedded computing system is proposed in this paper. The solution also provides an intelligent remote monitoring for a particular area of interest. In this paper we also present a trending results of collected or sensed data with respect to the normal or specified ranges of particular parameters. The

embedded system is an integration of sensor devices, wireless communication which enables the user to remotely access the various parameters and store the data in cloud.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The implemented system consists of a microcontroller (ESP8266) as a main processing unit for the entire system and all the sensor and devices can be connected with the microcontroller. The sensors can be operated by the microcontroller to retrieve the data from them and it processes the analysis with the sensor data and updates it to the internet through Wi-Fi module connected with it.

A.BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. 1 Block Diagram of the Project

B.WI-FI MODULE

Fig 2.ESP8266

Here we used ESP8266 Wi-Fi module which is having TCP/IP protocol stack integrated on chip. So that it can provide any microcontroller to get connected with Wi-Fi network. ESP8266 is a preprogrammed SOC and any microcontroller has to communicate with it through UART interface.. It works with a supply voltage of 3.3v. The module is configured with AT commands and the microcontroller should be programmed to send the AT commands in a required sequence to configure the module in client mode. The module can be used in both client and server modes.

The system consists of temperature and humidity sensor(DHT

11) and CO sensor(MQ 6). These 2 sensors will measure the primary environmental factors temperature, humidity and the

CO levels. All this sensors will gives the analog voltage representing one particular weather factor. The microcontroller will converts this analog voltage into digital data.

D.TEMPERATURE SENSOR AND HUMIDITY SENSOR

The DHT11 is an essential, ultra minimal effort computerized temperature and humidity sensor.

Fig. 3 Temperature and Humidity Sensor DHT 11

It utilizes a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to gauge the surrounding air, and releases a digital data on the data pin (no analog information pins required). The main genuine drawback of this sensor is you can just get new information from it once every 2 seconds, so when utilizing our library, sensor readings can be up to 2 seconds old. Itworks on 3 to 5V power supply. Good for 20- 80% humidity readings with 5% accuracy and for 0-50°C temperature readings ±2°C accuracy

E.CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) SENSOR

Carbon Monoxide (CO) sensor, suitable for sensing CO concentrations in the air.

Fig. 4 Carbon Monoxide (CO) sensor MQ 6

Carbon monoxide sensor, suitable for sensing CO concentration in air. The MQ-6 can sense CO-gas concentration somewhere in the range of 20 to 2000ppm. This sensor has a high affectability and quick reaction time. The sensor's yield is aanalog resistance. The drive circuit is exceptionally straightforward; you should simply control the heater curl with 5V, include a load resistance, and associate the output to an ADC. The standard reference strategy for the estimation of carbon monoxide concentration in air depends on the ingestion of infrared radiation by the gas in a no dispersive photometer. This technique is reasonable for stable establishments at fixed site monitoring stations. All the more as of late, convenient carbon monoxide analyzers with data- logging have turned out to be accessible for individual presentation observing. These estimations depend on the electrochemical responses between carbon monoxide and de- ionized water, which are detected by exceptionally planned sensors. These days the determination, strength and affectability of the electrochemical analyzers are inside the details of the reference technique and, together with the data-

logging systems, they fit into a little rucksack or even a pocket.

Conversion factors

1 ppm= 1.145 mg/m3

1 mg/mg = 0.873 ppm

THING SPEAK

According to its developers, Thing Speak is an open source Internet of Things (IOT) application and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. Thing Speak enables the creation of sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and a social network of things with status updates".

Thing Speak has integrated support from the numerical computing software MATLAB from MathWorks allowing Thing Speak users to analyze and visualize uploaded data using Matlab without requiring the purchase of a Matlab license from Mathworks.

Fig. 5 Circuit Diagram of the system

SIMULATION RESULTS

After sensing the data from different sensor devices, which are placed in particular area of interest. The sensed data will be automatically sent to the web server, when a proper connection is established with sever device.The web server page which will allow us to monitor and control the system. The web page gives the information about the temperature, humidity and the CO level variations in that particular region, where the embedded monitoring system is placed. The sensed data will be stored in cloud (Google Spread Sheets). The data stored in cloud can be used for the analysis of the parameter and continuous monitoring purpose. The temperature and humidity levels and CO levels in air at regular time intervals. All the above information will be stored in the cloud, so that we can provide trending of temperature and humidity levels and CO levels in a particular area at any point of time.

Fig.6(a) Simulation of Temperature v/s Time

Fig.6(b) Simulation of Humidity v/s Time

Fig.6(c) Simulation of Smoke content v/s Time

By keeping the embedded devices in the environment for monitoring enables self protection (i.e., smart environment) to the environment. To implement this need to deploy the sensor devices in the environment for collecting the data and analysis. By deploying sensor devices in the environment, we can bring the environment into real life i.e. it can interact with other objects through the network. Then the collected data and analysis results will be available to the end user through the Wi-Fi. The smart way to monitor environment and an efficient, low cost embedded system is presented with different models in this paper. In the proposed architecture functions of different modules were discussed. The temperature, humidity and CO value can be monitored with Internet of Things (IoT) concept experimentally tested for monitoring three parameters. It also sent the sensor parameters to the cloud (Google Spread Sheets). This data will be helpful

for future analysis and it can be easily shared to other end users. This model can be further expanded to monitor the developing cities and industrial zones for weather monitoring. To protect the public health from pollution, this model provides an efficient and low cost solution for continuous monitoring of environment.

FUTURE SCOPE

An alarm can be added to the circuit to notify the user in case of excess smoke conditions i.e. Smoke alarm.

An SMS can be sent to clients notifying them with the temperature/humidity/smoke parameters.

E. Welbourne, L. Battle, G. Cole, K. Gould, K. Rector, S. Raymer et al., Building the internet of things using RFID: The RFID experience, IEEE internet comput., vol. 13, no. 3, pp.48- 55, May- Jun. 2009.

Shifeng Fang; Li Da Xu; Yunqiang Zhu; JiaerhengAhati; Huan Pei; Jianwu Yan; Zhihui Liu., An integrated system for regional environmental monitoring and management based on internet of things, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,vol.10, no. 2,pp.1596-1605, May-Jun. 2014.

J. A. Stankovic, Research directions for the Internet ofThings,

IEEE Internet ThingsJ., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 39, Feb. 2014

Shanzhi Chen; HuiXu; Dake Liu; Bo Hu; Hucheng Wang.

L. Atzori, A. Iera, and G. Morabito, The internet of things: A survey, Comput. Netw., vol. 54, no. 15, pp. 27872805, 2010

P. Bellavista, G. Cardone, A. Corradi, and L. Foschini,Convergence of MANET and WSN in IoT urban scenarios,IEEE Sens. J., vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 35583567, Oct. 2013.

BulipeSrinivasRao , Prof. Dr. K. SrinivasaRao , Mr. N. Ome, Internet of Things (IOT) Based Weather Monitoring system, IJARCCE Journal,vol. 5, no. 9, sept. 2016.

B. Vongsagon, J. Ekchamanonta, K.Bumrungkhet, and S.Kittipiyakul, XBee wireless sensor networks for temperature monitoring, Retrieved 7/11/15 World WideWeb http://citeseerx.i st.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.4 76.9630&rep

=rep1&type=pdf

Nashwa El-Bendary, Mohamed Mostafa M. Fouad, Rabie A. Ramadan, Soumya Banerjee and Aboul Ella Hassanien, Smart Environmental Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks,K15146_C025.indd, 2013

Grzegorz Lehmann, Andreas Rieger, Marco Blumendorf, SahinAlbayrakDAI, A 3-Layer Architecture for Smart Environment Models/A model-based approach/LaborTechnische University Berlin, Germany 978-1-4244-5328-3/10 © IEEE,2010.

CharalamposDoukas, Building Internet of Things with the ESP8266, CreateSpace Publications, 2012

Shifeng Fang et al., "An Integrated System for Regional Environmental Monitoring and Management Based on Internet of Things," , IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics , vol.10, no.2, pp.1596-1605, May 2014.

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IoT Based Weather Monitoring System Using Arduino

In this post we are going to construct an IoT based weather monitor system using Arduino which can report us weather status like atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, air quality, light intensity etc. of your locality in real time and the data from the sensors are logged to an IoT cloud service called Thingspeak for monitoring and analysis.

We will see:

• What is IoT based weather monitoring system?
• Why we need an IoT based weather monitoring system.
• Types of sensors involved in weather monitoring.
• Block diagram of IoT based weather monitoring system.
• Circuit diagram and description.
• How to setup your Thingspeak account?
• Program code for Arduino and ESP8266.
• How to upload data to generic ESP8266?
• Prototype images.
• How to operate the circuit?

What is an IoT based weather monitoring system?

It is a system that involves in acquiring weather and environment data using advanced electronic sensors and sending them to a web server via internet for real time weather monitoring and storage of data for future analysis and study.  

Why we need an IoT based weather monitoring system?

• Ease of monitoring your local weather conditions in real time from anywhere in the world.
• For storing weather and environment data for short and long term for studying weather pattern changes and to understand how human induced climate change affected your local weather.
• Easy deployment of the setup for monitoring local atmospheric conditions and microclimates for weather forecasting and prediction.

Types of sensors involved in weather monitoring:

We can find wide spectrum of electronic sensors involved in weather monitoring system depending on the kind of application.

For example:

Farmers need to know the temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture, rain fall etc. to enhance their crop production and the following type of sensors are utilized to obtain the data:

• Temperature sensor.
• Humidity / hygrometer sensor.
• Soil moisture sensor.
• Rain sensor etc.

For an airplane pilot he/she needs to know wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, visibility etc. before they takeoff and they use the following sensors:

• Barometric sensor – for measuring atmospheric pressure.
• Anemometer – for measuring wind speed.
• Rain sensor.
• Visibility sensor – for measuring visibility during snow, rain, storm etc.

In conclusion, the sensors used for monitoring weather depends on the type application we going to deploy for.

Block diagram of IoT based weather monitoring system:

We are going to develop the weather monitoring system using the above illustrated blocks. The brain of the project is an Arduino board and the surrounding blocks are digital and analog sensors for acquiring local weather and environment data.

A generic ESP8266 is used for interfacing the circuit setup with internet via 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band. The ESP8266 sends the sensor data to a cloud server where the data gets updated in real time and also gets stored for future analysis. We are utilizing a 16 x 2 LCD display to showcase the sensor data, so that we can observe real-time data locally.

Full circuit diagram for IoT based weather monitoring system:

The above circuit consists of the following modules:

• 5V / 3.3V Power supply regulator.
• Arduino Uno.
• 16 x 2 display with I2C adapter module.
• DHT11 temperature & humidity sensor.
• MQ-135 sensor air quality sensor.
• BMP180 – Barometric sensor.
• Light depend resistor (LDR).
• Generic ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.

Now, let’s explore what each of the module does and how it is interfaced with other modules.

Power supply 5V and 3.3V:

The above illustrated module takes 9V to 12V DC supply from a wall adapter and converts to 5V and 3.3V for providing power to Arduino board and sensors.

There are multiple 5V and 3.3V supply outputs in this module and you need to connect 5V supply to 5V sensor modules and 3.3V supply to 3.3V sensor modules. Mismatching will lead to malfunction of the respective modules / sensors.   

A button is provided on the module to turn ON/OFF the 5V / 3.3V output. A green LED indicates that the module is powered ON. There is also a USB power output but we won’t be using it for this project.

16 x 2 LCD display:

We are utilizing a 16 x 2 LCD display to showcase sensor data locally and it can display 16 alphanumeric characters in 2 rows.

An I2C display module is used in this project to reduce the number of wires that connect from microcontroller to LCD display to four; otherwise we need to connect 16 wires.

I2C display module operates on I2C bus and has the following four pins:

• SDA – Serial data.
• SCL – Serial clock.
• GND – ground.

The Vcc pin connects to 5V of the power supply module and GND connects to GND of the supply, the SDA connects to A4 of Arduino and SCL connects to A5.

The I2C module has backlight control, by removing the jumper we can turn off the backlight and vice-versa. You can adjust the display contrast by rotating the potentiometer (blue color on the module) using a small screw driver.

DHT11 temperature and humidity module:

DHT11 is a digital sensor responsible for collecting temperature and humidity data from your surroundings. It has three terminals namely:

Vcc connects to 5V supply, GND connects to GND and data pin connects to A0 of Arduino.

Note: The pin diagram for DHT11 module could differ from manufacture to manufacture and it is recommended to take a good look at your module to see which pins are Vcc, GND and Data before you apply power to the circuit.

BMP180 barometric sensor:

The above illustrated module is a barometric sensor which is capable of measuring atmospheric data; it can give out data like, atmospheric pressure at ground level, atmospheric pressure at sea level and altitude.

We will be only extracting atmospheric pressure data at ground and sea level to display it on the LCD, but we will be sending only the atmospheric pressure data at ground level to Thingspeak server, which is the relevant data for your locality.

It has the following pins:

• Vcc – 3.3V.

Care must be taken while connecting the supply to this module as it operates on 3.3V DC and 5V will kill the module. It operates on I2C bus, same as I2C display adapter module.

MQ-135 air quality sensor module:

MQ-135 is an analog air quality sensor which takes air samples from your surroundings and gives out an analog voltage at its output terminal. MQ-135 can detect the following gases:

• Smoke, CO2 etc.

The operating voltage of MQ-135 is 5V and consumes around 160mA, the sensor has built-in heater for heating the sensor for its normal operation and if the sensor is exposed to strong wind we may get incorrect readings. The sensor takes typically around 3 to 5 minutes to reach optimum temperature depending on surrounding air flow.

The sensor has good sensitivity to detect the above mentioned gases, but the disadvantage is it cannot differentiate which gas or gases have been detected.

Generic ESP8266 module:

The above illustrated module is called generic ESP8266 which is responsible for connecting the weather monitoring system to internet. This module is inserted on a breakout board adapter so that ESP8266 can be interfaced on a breadboard.

Pin diagram of ESP8266:

ESP8266 is not a just another ordinary module, it has a full-fledged 32-bit microcontroller which requires a program code to function. We will be using a programmer to upload the code to this ESP8266 module which we will see in the later part of this article. It operates on 3.3V and communicates on serial interface with Arduino.

Light depend resistor – LDR:

LDR is responsible for collecting data about the intensity of light at your surroundings and it is a passive analog sensor.

The LDR is essentially a resistor that is sensitive to the light, when higher intensity light falls on the photosensitive surface its resistance drops and when less light is received its resistance increases.

In other words, the resistance is inversely proportional to the intensity of the light on the photosensitive surface of LDR. 

This concludes all the modules and sensors used in the circuit setup.

Program code for Arduino:              

I2C LCD library : Click here

DHT library : Click here

BMP180 library : Click here

Program code for Generic ESP8266

Download Thingspeak Library : Click here

Insert your Wi-Fi credentials here the code:

Insert your Thingspeak credentials here:

How to upload code to generic ESP8266 module:

• You need to download ESP8266 board package.
• You need an ESP8266 programmer board.

1) How to download ESP8266 board package?

• Copy this link:  http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json
• Now open Arduino IDE and click on  File > Preferences .
• A window will open like this:

• Paste the URL on the box and click “OK”.
• Now go to  Tools > Board > Boards Manager.

 A window will popup:

• Type “ESP8266” on the box as shown and you will get installation option, select the  latest version  and click install.
• Now the IDE will download the necessary packages and this could take more than 5 minute to complete.
• Now go to  Tools > Board > ESP8266 boards > select “Generic ESP8266”.
• Now, copy the given ESP8266 program code and paste it on to Arduino IDE software.
• Now press compile button (Green tick button). The compilation of code may take more than couple of minutes so be patient. If the compilation failed please check whether have you selected the “Generic ESP8266 Module” in the board option or not.
• After successful compilation of code, now it’s time to upload the code to ESP8266.

2) USB ESP8266 Programmer:

The above illustrated USB device is used for programming the generic ESP8266 module.

Please note that two pins on the programmer must be shorted before you upload the code, otherwise you will get errors while uploading.

Now insert the ESP8266 on the programmer and plug it to your PC’s USB port, like this and click upload:

Once you successfully uploaded the code, you will the below info on your IDE:

Now, you may insert the ESP8266 on your main circuit setup.

How to setup your Thingspeak account for receiving data?

• To send sensor data to Thingspeak, you need a Thingspeak account and you can sign-up here .
• Create a new channel and do the following to your Thingspeak channel:

• Scroll down and press save.
• Please take note of your channel ID and you need to copy and insert the ID to the ESP8266 code.
• Now go to API key tab and you will see “write API” and “read API” keys. Write API key is a secret code for writing data to your Thingspeak channel.

• You need copy and paste the write API key to the ESP8266 code.

Prototype images of IoT based weather monitoring system:

How to operate the IoT based weather monitoring system:

• Make sure that you have connected all the wirings properly and all the modules are connected.
• Plug a 9V to 12V DC adapter to the power supply module’s DC socket and press the ON switch.
• You will see sensor data on the LCD cycling between sensors as shown below:

DHT11 temperature and humidity:

BMP180 atmospheric pressure at ground and sea level (unit is Pa):

MQ-135 Air quality sensor:

LDR sensor – intensity of the light:

Lower percentage indicates low light intensity and higher the percentage indicates higher light intensity.

Please note that air quality and light intensity values are between 0 and 100% and no unit. Also please note that MQ-135 sensor needs to heat up for its proper functioning, so initially while the sensor is heating up it will throw incorrect values and incorrect quality status like toxic or poor.

Data on Thingspeak:

• DHT11 sensor:

BMP180 and LDR:

MQ-135 sensor:

Note: Initially zero value will get updated on all the 5 fields on Thingspeak and after that real time data starts updating. 

If you have any questions regarding this project, feel free to ask us in the comment, you will get a guaranteed reply from us.

My nick name is blogthor , I am a professional electronics engineer specialized in Embedded System. I am a experienced programmer and electronics hardware developer. I am the founder of this website , I am also a hobbyist, DIYer and a constant learner. I love to solve your technical queries via comment section.

81 thoughts on “ IoT Based Weather Monitoring System Using Arduino ”

I want the email please sir to communicate with you regarding this project is necessary.

Yes, you can ask you questions here…

Do we need usb cable for data to be transferred to thingspeak , or will it be updated through wifi

Hi, it will be updated through Wi-Fi.

Hlo sir, I am getting error while i try to upload the code.

Hi, Please add all the libraries as mentioned in the post

value_1 = ((value[1] – 0x30) * 10 + (value[2] – 0x30)); value_2 = ((value[3] – 0x30) * 10 + (value[4] – 0x30)); value_3 = ((value[5] – 0x30) * 10000 + (value[6] – 0x30) * 1000 + (value[7] – 0x30) * 100 + (value[8] – 0x30) * 10 + (value[9] – 0x30)); value_4 = ((value[10] – 0x30) * 10 + (value[11] – 0x30)); value_5 = ((value[12] – 0x30) * 10 + (value[13] – 0x30));

Can u please explain the above code?

Hi, The input data from arduino to ESP8266 is received as stream of individual number, here we are grouping the numbers of a sensor using array, so that a sensor data is combined correctly before sending it via internet. For Example, LDR data is sent to ESP8266 as 1 0 0 for 100%. The above block of code combines individual digits to 100 before sending to cloud. The received individual digits by ESP8266 will be their ASCII values, so to convert them to proper integer (before combining) we are subtracting the received individual data with 0x30 hex value. Regards

Thanks a lot:-) Can u please say which value corresponds to which sensor… And how is array length 15?

Hi, Value 1 & 2 are DHT11, Value 3 is BMP180, Value 4 is LDR, Value 5 is MQ-135. Regards

Hello, Could anyone please tell me what is the programming language used for programming here? Thankyou

C language.

Thankyou so much for you’re previous reply. I had another doubt like how the power supply given to the entire circuit?

Hi, The circuit requires 3.3V and 5V, in our circuit setup we used a power supply that accepts 9V in and 3.3V & 5V out. Regards

I am getting DHT 11 SENSOR ERROR others are working what may be the issue. Sometimes it shows the temperature and Humidity but majority of the time it shows as DHT 11 SENSOR ERROR

Hi, There must be loose connections on one or more wires of the sensor.

I am using Nodemcu instead of ESP8266 is there any changes in the code I need to make. Please Share. I am getting output in LCD the problem is I am not getting serial output from Arduino and Node MCU as well as thingspeak. Please help.

Hi, We need to make the project from starch if we want to use NodeMCU.

We got the method and all other things about this project but i have to make it with model so can u suggest some example for what mode can i make for iot based weather monitor ???

Hi, You can use any plastic junk box as enclosure for the project and make some vent hole so that there will be proper air circulation for the sensors. Regards

Please check your VCC and GND connections. Check DHT11 sensor out cable connection.

Can we add gsm module in this project.

Hi, Yes you can, also we need to do some additional programming depending your requirements.

Hi. Thanks for the code and setup. But when uploading my code to esp8266 board, I am recieving following error message: esptool.FatalError: Failed to connect to ESP8266: Timed out waiting for packet header

Can you please tell me its meaning and how to solve it?

Hi, Are you using the illustrated programmer kit? If so you need to short the two terminals as shown in one of the images. Usually, it takes only one attempt to program the ESP8266. Regards

What are the advantages over other projects of the same theme?

Hi, This circuit is well tested one and we have integrated a lot of relevant sensors. Regards

Thingspeak shows only zero values

Initially it will show zeros just for one cycle then, it will update actual values. If you can see values on your LCD check Tx and Rx connections between Arduino and ESP8266 for Tx and Rx. Don’t alter any delay in the code.

If arduino nano is used, does the programming code change?

Yes, you can use arduino nano.

1.Sir, after how much time it will show the data, meaning after how long we can see the weather.

2. Sir how we check the practical data with actual data.

Hi, The data will appear after 1 to 2 mins on Thingspeak, initially it will update zeros and then sensor data starts updating. I did not understand your 2nd question. Regards

Hey buddy it’s showing dht11 sensor error

Hi, Please find its correct Vcc, GND and output Pin. These are differs from manufacture to manufacture.

Sir, can we see the results in mobile?

Hi, Yes, you can by logging into your Thingspeak account on your browser.

Is there any alternate method to upload code for wifi module.

Yes, there is check this article and scroll down to the section where I explained how to upload it.

MQ 135 is showing constant data and it is not varying while connecting to arduino what is the i am not understanding

can you please tell what is the constant value? It is a wiring issue on your setup.

I am able to get the output on the serial monitor in the Arduino IDE but unable to get the output on the things speak app.i have uploaded the code on the esp8266 also but unable to get on the things speak app.please help me

Assuming you have correctly put your SSID, password and write API key on ESP8266 code, then the only thing is to check your wiring and more importantly check Vcc and GND voltage at ESP8266’s terminal, it should be more than 3.0V only then it can upload the data.

It is showing 16 and good throughout the run time

Hi, it is a wiring fault please double check your wiring connection.

I have uploaded the esp8266 code in the esp8266 and it successfully uploaded .I have connected the circuit as mentioned above but unable to get the data on the things speak app.i have uploaded the correct wifi credentials and thingspeak credentials.But unable to get the data on the things speak app.It is also not showing zero also.i am unable to solve the issue .please can you tell me whether I have to do any extra things.please help me

Check the voltage at Vcc and GND terminal of ESP8266 it should be above 3.0V and lower than 3.3V.

sir i need your help with this project my name is kiran and i choose this project as a mini project in my college so disclosing your contact info here is unsafe so iam going to post my mail id here so that you can contact me [PROTECTED]

Hi, You can ask you queries here and I will try to address it here.

Sir, this might be a dumb question but can you use a powerbank to power the board aka the power regulator?

You you can, but still you need to provide 3.3V from a regulator.

I see, can you explain the part of uploading the code to arduino cuz I got confused between uploading the esp8266 code first and arduino code later? Thanks for the reply btw 🙂

Hi, You need to remove the microcontroller from the arduino board so that ESP8266 can be programmed, later you can reinstall the microcontroller to the board and upload the code designated to arduino. You can also upload the code for arduino first, but to make things easy for newbies I mention that.

I see, thanks again for the help 🙂

Can I get the ppt of this project? Because it will use for my study to do my project.kindly send me sir.

Sorry, we did not document a PPT for this project.

I need help, already done uploading the code and everything but the lcd just flashing on and off without displaying anything and in thingspeak nothing showing up 🙁

You wiring to LCD is not proper and also check the voltage that is going to LCD.

Sir, I’m getting dht11 error on lcd and I didn’t get anything in thingspeak. I have checked my wiring and replaced them with new components but the results stays the same

Hi, Your issue with DT11 is pin configuration of the sensor, connect the sensor properly, its +Ve, GND and output. Even if any one of the wire is mismatched you will error. Regards

how data is analysed in thinkspeak ?

Hi, you can download the data from your Thingspeak account in various formats and you may analyze it visually or with a software.

What kind of simulation you using for the circuit?

No simulation was used for this project.

CAN YOU SEND THE CODE FOR STM 32 BECAUSE I’M doing it in STM 32 (BLUE PILL), SO PLEASE CAN YOU SEND IT WILL BE A GREAT HELP

Hi, We will try to publish one in future 🙂

I am using Nodemcu instead of ESP8266 is there any changes in the code I need to make. Please Share I need it

Yes, you need to make a lot of change to the code! You may need to develop from scratch.

How do I add rain sensor to it ?

Hi, you can add a rain sensor on any of the digital pins (if your rain sensor’s output is digital). Configure the pin as digital input, create a new function for the rain sensor, put your values to send_data() function. You need to understand the code before you can start changes in your project. Regards

The ESP8266 is sending all values as 0. I have checked the RX and TX wires. They are connected properly.

Any modification from your side done in the code? only a few time it should update zero at max after that it should update the values.

i got dht 11 sensor error, my all wiring is totally ok, please help about the error

Hi, either you sensor is damaged or still your wiring to DHT11 is incorrect.

I am getting nan at the output terminal:

Hi, The serial terminal was not configured in the first place in this project 🙂

Sir the data is not showing in thingspeak website

Hi, Please give us more info about your circuit setup, is it updating on LCD display etc.

Hi sir I am facing an issue with the uploading of the arduino code it always says “programmer is not responding” what to do now ??

Are you using the programmer module?

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IOT-Based Weather Monitoring and Weather Prediction Using ML

• Conference paper
• First Online: 02 March 2023
• Cite this conference paper

• Brijesh Vadalia 12 ,
• Nisarg Thakkar 12 ,
• Shalin Tilva 12 ,
• Pratham Thakkar 12 &
• Ritiksha Modi 12  

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems ((LNNS,volume 563))

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A perfect local weather forecasting system can be greatly helpful to the lives of local people like farmers, people living around coastal regions, etc. Besides this it also provides accurate prediction of weather at local level so that any worse condition can be dealt with and possible to plan ahead of time and take the required precautions to avoid it. The circuit implemented, primarily makes use of a NodeMCU, for data collection it requires sensors like temperature, pressure, humidity, and rainfall. Also, it exhibits ML models for the prediction of the weather with great accuracy. Here with the help of this model it has the function to collect data and ML for prediction (for prediction we require a dataset of basic parameters like temperature, pressure, humidity, and rainfall) so that prediction model can be more accurate at local level and be cheaper. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the use of the Internet to interact with physical objects. Weather information can be accessed from a remote location via an Internet of Things (IoT)-based weather information system on any device, including Windows, Android, iOS, and Web sites.

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Vanmathi C, Mangayarkarasi R (2020) Real time weather monitoring using internet of things. In: 2020 international conference on emerging trends in information technology and engineering (ic-PETITE). IEEE, pp 1–6

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Department of Information Technology, Devang Patel Institute of Advance Technology and Research, Charusat University, Gujarat, India

Brijesh Vadalia, Nisarg Thakkar, Shalin Tilva, Pratham Thakkar & Ritiksha Modi

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Vadalia, B., Thakkar, N., Tilva, S., Thakkar, P., Modi, R. (2023). IOT-Based Weather Monitoring and Weather Prediction Using ML. In: Smys, S., Kamel, K.A., Palanisamy, R. (eds) Inventive Computation and Information Technologies. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 563. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7402-1_28

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Real-Time Weather Monitoring System Using IoT

Have you ever wondered about the rapid transition in the weather when you are travelling on a sunny day, and after a mile, it turns into a storm? Or the fluctuations of the weather that we see in the mountain areas?

If yes, then you are in the right place!

The introduction of IoT (Internet of Things) establishes the platform for the world to showcase hi-tech machine-to-machine interaction ranging from connected cars to smart cities to weather monitoring systems and smart homes. The IoT revolution is transforming the way humans interact with machines.

The Weather Monitoring System using the IoT abstract is one such application of IoT that has paved the way for organizations to create new and efficient solutions. Businesses are rapidly adopting smart management systems that improve the accuracy of weather forecasts and transform IoT to ‘ Weather of Things ’ that collect weather data from drones, connected vehicles, wireless signals, and other IoT devices.

So let’s dive into one of the most interesting topics of Weather Monitoring Systems using IoT.

IoT System for Weather Monitoring

Because of the rapidly changing climate, the weather forecast is uncertain and inaccurate these days. As a result, the Weather Reporting System is primarily utilized to monitor the constantly changing climatic and weather conditions over-regulated areas like homes, industry, agriculture, and so on.

When objects like an environment furnished with sensor devices, microcontrollers, and different software applications become a self-monitoring and self-protecting environment, it is called a smart environment.

Similarly, here, the system uses sensors to monitor and adjust environmental parameters such as temperature, CO levels, and relative humidity. Then, it sends the data to a web page to plot the sensor data, shown as graphical statistics. The data updated from this system can be accessed on the internet from anywhere in the world. The embedded system enables the user to access the various criteria and store the data in the cloud.

Hence, the Internet of Things (IoT) is the core root of linking all the sensors to the internet and monitoring the weather in real-time.

Weather Monitoring System Using IoT Block Diagram

Event Detection-based and Spatial Process Estimation are the two kinds to which applications are classified.

This ecosystem consists of a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino UNO or ESP8266) which acts as the main processing unit for the entire system and where all the sensors (e.g., Humidity Sensors and Temperature Sensors) and devices are connected. When a proper connection is established with the server device, the data collected from various sensor devices implanted in specific areas of interest is immediately relayed to the webserver. Using any Wi-Fi module such as Node-MCU, this processed sensor data is then uploaded and stored on a website to serve as a database.

We will be able to monitor and control the system using the webserver page. It provides information on the variations in humidity, temperature, and CO levels in the exact region where the embedded monitoring device is installed. The data collected will be saved on the cloud. The cloud data can be used for parameter analysis and continuous monitoring. Temperature, humidity, and carbon monoxide levels in the air are recorded at regular intervals. All this information will be stored in the cloud, allowing us to monitor temperature, humidity, and CO levels at a given place at any time.

Areas Benefiting from Weather Forecasting System Using IoT

An accurate weather report is forecasted directly or indirectly to influence other sectors of the economy to raise the need for a system that facilitates higher accuracy of real-time monitoring and future weather prediction.

But what exactly are the different sectors that benefit from the IoT weather station? Well, let’s have a look at them!

Agriculture

With the current global trends for agriculture and the depletion of natural resources, the demand has increased. Preparation of soil, sowing, irrigation, and harvesting of crops are directly dependent on weather conditions. Thankfully, the IoT technology is fueling the transformation, helping farmers vulnerable to weather hazards to use the IoT intelligence for improving their crop fertility and cost . The integration of real-time data into supply chain plans is assisting in the transportation of perishable commodities across the country, resulting in increased productivity and efficiency.

Manufacturing

The environment where a manufacturing plant is located can have an unnoticed but significant impact on the final product. Small changes in temperature and humidity, for example, might impact the way industrial glues adhere, affecting product quality directly.

A machine, for example, is built to run at a temperature of 100℉. If it runs in much hotter or colder areas, it will have a completely different life cycle.

Businesses may have a more accurate perspective of the condition of their important business assets with an IoT weather reporting system, allowing them to optimize their maintenance and efforts in the event of asset breakdown.

With the current trend of technology, cars are increasingly becoming digital computers on wheels. They are constantly gathering data about driving behaviour and component conditions. Its compilation with advanced analytics of real-time weather data gives a complete picture of how weather conditions impact driver behaviour and safety in different scenarios.

Future scope of IoT based weather monitoring system

The technology of IoT has expanded in all sectors, and with the future scope and advantages of IoT-based weather monitoring systems, numerous industries can leverage them.

• The IoT weather reporting system has an application for farmers where they can ensure higher productivity of crops and lower the risk of weather hazards via the IoT weather.
• The IoT-based weather station proves helpful for monitoring the weather in areas like places with volcanoes or rain forests. This is especially important with drastic changes in the weather conditions we are experiencing.
• The IoT weather monitoring system using IoT supporting controllers is fully automated and efficient. It does not require any manual labor or attention.
• You can plan and visit the places anytime you like with prior notification of the weather conditions. You can simply get the status of the weather condition and the air quality, etc.

Therefore, with the help of embedded devices and sensors, any environment can be converted to a smart environment for accumulating the data and analyzing the environment with real-time monitoring.

Hence, with such advances on the Internet of Things (IoT), organizations are focusing on understanding the impact of weather on their operations and finding cutting-edge analytics on how to control the impact of their business

Check out how Airtel IoT solutions are catering to various industries across the globe.

Need more information about Airtel Business solutions?

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