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Operators constitute the basic building block of any programming language. Java too provides many types of operators which can be used according to the need to perform various calculations and functions, be it logical, arithmetic, relational, etc. They are classified based on the functionality they provide.

Types of Operators: 

• Arithmetic Operators
• Unary Operators
• Assignment Operator
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Ternary Operator
• Bitwise Operators
• Shift Operators

This article explains all that one needs to know regarding Assignment Operators. 

Assignment Operators

These operators are used to assign values to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable, and the right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data type of the operand on the left side. Otherwise, the compiler will raise an error. This means that the assignment operators have right to left associativity, i.e., the value given on the right-hand side of the operator is assigned to the variable on the left. Therefore, the right-hand side value must be declared before using it or should be a constant. The general format of the assignment operator is, 

Types of Assignment Operators in Java

The Assignment Operator is generally of two types. They are:

1. Simple Assignment Operator: The Simple Assignment Operator is used with the “=” sign where the left side consists of the operand and the right side consists of a value. The value of the right side must be of the same data type that has been defined on the left side.

2. Compound Assignment Operator: The Compound Operator is used where +,-,*, and / is used along with the = operator.

Let’s look at each of the assignment operators and how they operate: 

1. (=) operator: 

This is the most straightforward assignment operator, which is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. This is the basic definition of an assignment operator and how it functions. 

Syntax:  

Example:  

2. (+=) operator: 

This operator is a compound of ‘+’ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by adding the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right and then assigning the result to the operand on the left. 

Note: The compound assignment operator in Java performs implicit type casting. Let’s consider a scenario where x is an int variable with a value of 5. int x = 5; If you want to add the double value 4.5 to the integer variable x and print its value, there are two methods to achieve this: Method 1: x = x + 4.5 Method 2: x += 4.5 As per the previous example, you might think both of them are equal. But in reality, Method 1 will throw a runtime error stating the “i ncompatible types: possible lossy conversion from double to int “, Method 2 will run without any error and prints 9 as output.

Reason for the Above Calculation

Method 1 will result in a runtime error stating “incompatible types: possible lossy conversion from double to int.” The reason is that the addition of an int and a double results in a double value. Assigning this double value back to the int variable x requires an explicit type casting because it may result in a loss of precision. Without the explicit cast, the compiler throws an error. Method 2 will run without any error and print the value 9 as output. The compound assignment operator += performs an implicit type conversion, also known as an automatic narrowing primitive conversion from double to int . It is equivalent to x = (int) (x + 4.5) , where the result of the addition is explicitly cast to an int . The fractional part of the double value is truncated, and the resulting int value is assigned back to x . It is advisable to use Method 2 ( x += 4.5 ) to avoid runtime errors and to obtain the desired output.

Same automatic narrowing primitive conversion is applicable for other compound assignment operators as well, including -= , *= , /= , and %= .

3. (-=) operator: 

This operator is a compound of ‘-‘ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by subtracting the variable’s value on the right from the current value of the variable on the left and then assigning the result to the operand on the left. 

4. (*=) operator:

 This operator is a compound of ‘*’ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by multiplying the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right and then assigning the result to the operand on the left. 

5. (/=) operator: 

This operator is a compound of ‘/’ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by dividing the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigning the quotient to the operand on the left. 

6. (%=) operator: 

This operator is a compound of ‘%’ and ‘=’ operators. It operates by dividing the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigning the remainder to the operand on the left. 

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The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases. See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases.

Assignment, Arithmetic, and Unary Operators

The simple assignment operator.

One of the most common operators that you'll encounter is the simple assignment operator " = ". You saw this operator in the Bicycle class; it assigns the value on its right to the operand on its left:

This operator can also be used on objects to assign object references , as discussed in Creating Objects .

The Arithmetic Operators

The Java programming language provides operators that perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. There's a good chance you'll recognize them by their counterparts in basic mathematics. The only symbol that might look new to you is " % ", which divides one operand by another and returns the remainder as its result.

The following program, ArithmeticDemo , tests the arithmetic operators.

This program prints the following:

You can also combine the arithmetic operators with the simple assignment operator to create compound assignments . For example, x+=1; and x=x+1; both increment the value of x by 1.

The + operator can also be used for concatenating (joining) two strings together, as shown in the following ConcatDemo program:

By the end of this program, the variable thirdString contains "This is a concatenated string.", which gets printed to standard output.

The Unary Operators

The unary operators require only one operand; they perform various operations such as incrementing/decrementing a value by one, negating an expression, or inverting the value of a boolean.

The following program, UnaryDemo , tests the unary operators:

The increment/decrement operators can be applied before (prefix) or after (postfix) the operand. The code result++; and ++result; will both end in result being incremented by one. The only difference is that the prefix version ( ++result ) evaluates to the incremented value, whereas the postfix version ( result++ ) evaluates to the original value. If you are just performing a simple increment/decrement, it doesn't really matter which version you choose. But if you use this operator in part of a larger expression, the one that you choose may make a significant difference.

The following program, PrePostDemo , illustrates the prefix/postfix unary increment operator:

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Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:

Try it Yourself »

Although the + operator is often used to add together two values, like in the example above, it can also be used to add together a variable and a value, or a variable and another variable:

Java divides the operators into the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Bitwise operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical operations.

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Java Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

In the example below, we use the assignment operator ( = ) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x :

The addition assignment operator ( += ) adds a value to a variable:

A list of all assignment operators:

Java Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values (or variables). This is important in programming, because it helps us to find answers and make decisions.

The return value of a comparison is either true or false . These values are known as Boolean values , and you will learn more about them in the Booleans and If..Else chapter.

In the following example, we use the greater than operator ( > ) to find out if 5 is greater than 3:

Java Logical Operators

You can also test for true or false values with logical operators.

Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values:

Java Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to perform binary logic with the bits of an integer or long integer.

Note: The Bitwise examples above use 4-bit unsigned examples, but Java uses 32-bit signed integers and 64-bit signed long integers. Because of this, in Java, ~5 will not return 10. It will return -6. ~00000000000000000000000000000101 will return 11111111111111111111111111111010

In Java, 9 >> 1 will not return 12. It will return 4. 00000000000000000000000000001001 >> 1 will return 00000000000000000000000000000100

Test Yourself With Exercises

Multiply 10 with 5 , and print the result.

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Java provides many types of operators to perform a variety of calculations and functions, such as logical , arithmetic , relational , and others. With so many operators to choose from, it helps to group them based on the type of functionality they provide. This programming tutorial will focus on Java’s numerous a ssignment operators.

Before we begin, however, you may want to bookmark our other tutorials on Java operators, which include:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Conditional Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise and Shift Operators

Assignment Operators in Java

As the name conveys, assignment operators are used to assign values to a variable using the following syntax:

The left side operand of the assignment operator must be a variable, whereas the right side operand of the assignment operator may be a literal value or another variable. Moreover, the value or variable on the right side must be of the same data type of the operand on the left side. Otherwise, the compiler will raise an error. Assignment operators have a right to left associativity in that the value given on the right-hand side of the operator is assigned to the variable on the left. Therefore, the right-hand side variable must be declared before assignment.

You can learn more about variables in our programming tutorial: Working with Java Variables .

Types of Assignment Operators in Java

Java assignment operators are classified into two types: simple and compound .

The Simple assignment operator is the equals ( = ) sign, which is the most straightforward of the bunch. It simply assigns the value or variable on the right to the variable on the left.

Compound operators are comprised of both an arithmetic, bitwise, or shift operator in addition to the equals ( = ) sign.

Equals Operator (=) Java Example

First, let’s learn to use the one-and-only simple assignment operator – the Equals ( = ) operator – with the help of a Java program. It includes two assignments: a literal value to num1 and the num1 variable to num2 , after which both are printed to the console to show that the values have been assigned to the numbers:

The += Operator Java Example

A compound of the + and = operators, the += adds the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right before assigning the result to the operand on the left. Here is some sample code to demonstrate how to use the += operator in Java:

The -= Operator Java Example

Made up of the – and = operators, the -= first subtracts the variable’s value on the right from the current value of the variable on the left before assigning the result to the operand on the left. We can see it at work below in the following code example showing how to decrement in Java using the -= operator:

The *= Operator Java Example

This Java operator is comprised of the * and = operators. It operates by multiplying the current value of the variable on the left to the value on the right and then assigning the result to the operand on the left. Here’s a program that shows the *= operator in action:

The /= Operator Java Example

A combination of the / and = operators, the /= Operator divides the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigns the quotient to the operand on the left. Here is some example code showing how to use the  /= operator in Java:

%= Operator Java Example

The %= operator includes both the % and = operators. As seen in the program below, it divides the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and then assigns the remainder to the operand on the left:

Compound Bitwise and Shift Operators in Java

The Bitwise and Shift Operators that we just recently covered can also be utilized in compound form as seen in the list below:

• &= – Compound bitwise Assignment operator.
• ^= – Compound bitwise ^ assignment operator.
• >>= – Compound right shift assignment operator.
• >>>= – Compound right shift filled 0 assignment operator.
• <<= – Compound left shift assignment operator.

The following program demonstrates the working of all the Compound Bitwise and Shift Operators :

Final Thoughts on Java Assignment Operators

This programming tutorial presented an overview of Java’s simple and compound assignment Operators. An essential building block to any programming language, developers would be unable to store any data in their programs without them. Though not quite as indispensable as the equals operator, compound operators are great time savers, allowing you to perform arithmetic and bitwise operations and assignment in a single line of code.

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Assignment operators in java: an overview.

We already discussed the Types of Operators in the previous tutorial Java. In this Java tutorial , we will delve into the different types of assignment operators in Java, and their syntax, and provide examples for better understanding. Because Java is a flexible and widely used programming language. Assignment operators play a crucial role in manipulating and assigning values to variables. To further enhance your understanding and application of Java assignment operator's concepts, consider enrolling in the best Java Certification Course .

What are the Assignment Operators in Java?

Assignment operators in Java are used to assign values to variables . They are classified into two main types: simple assignment operator and compound assignment operator.

The general syntax for a simple assignment statement is:

And for a compound assignment statement:

Read More - Advanced Java Interview Questions

Types of Assignment Operators in Java

• Simple Assignment Operator: The Simple Assignment Operator is used with the "=" sign, where the operand is on the left side and the value is on the right. The right-side value must be of the same data type as that defined on the left side.
• Compound Assignment Operator:  Compound assignment operators combine arithmetic operations with assignments. They provide a concise way to perform an operation and assign the result to the variable in one step. The Compound Operator is utilized when +,-,*, and / are used in conjunction with the = operator.

1. Simple Assignment Operator (=):

The equal sign (=) is the basic assignment operator in Java. It is used to assign the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side.

Explanation

2. addition assignment operator (+=) :, 3. subtraction operator (-=):, 4. multiplication operator (*=):.

Read More - Java Developer Salary

5. Division Operator (/=):

6. modulus assignment operator (%=):, example of assignment operator in java.

Let's look at a few examples in our Java Playground to illustrate the usage of assignment operators in Java:

• Unary Operator in Java
• Arithmetic Operators in Java
• Relational Operators in Java
• Logical Operators in Java
• Ternary Operator in Java

Q1. Can I use multiple assignment operators in a single statement?

Q2. are there any other compound assignment operators in java, q3. how many types of assignment operators.

• 1. (=) operator
• 1. (+=) operator
• 2. (-=) operator
• 3. (*=) operator
• 4. (/=) operator
• 5. (%=) operator

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1.7 Java | Assignment Statements & Expressions

An assignment statement designates a value for a variable. An assignment statement can be used as an expression in Java.

After a variable is declared, you can assign a value to it by using an assignment statement . In Java, the equal sign = is used as the assignment operator . The syntax for assignment statements is as follows:

An expression represents a computation involving values, variables, and operators that, when taking them together, evaluates to a value. For example, consider the following code:

You can use a variable in an expression. A variable can also be used on both sides of the =  operator. For example:

In the above assignment statement, the result of x + 1  is assigned to the variable x . Let’s say that x is 1 before the statement is executed, and so becomes 2 after the statement execution.

To assign a value to a variable, you must place the variable name to the left of the assignment operator. Thus the following statement is wrong:

Note that the math equation  x = 2 * x + 1  ≠ the Java expression x = 2 * x + 1

Which is equivalent to:

And this statement

is equivalent to:

Note: The data type of a variable on the left must be compatible with the data type of a value on the right. For example, int x = 1.0 would be illegal, because the data type of x is int (integer) and does not accept the double value 1.0 without Type Casting .

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Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. For example, + is an operator used for addition, while * is also an operator used for multiplication.

Operators in Java can be classified into 5 types:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Unary Operators
• Bitwise Operators

1. Java Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on variables and data. For example,

Here, the + operator is used to add two variables a and b . Similarly, there are various other arithmetic operators in Java.

Example 1: Arithmetic Operators

In the above example, we have used + , - , and * operators to compute addition, subtraction, and multiplication operations.

/ Division Operator

Note the operation, a / b in our program. The / operator is the division operator.

If we use the division operator with two integers, then the resulting quotient will also be an integer. And, if one of the operands is a floating-point number, we will get the result will also be in floating-point.

% Modulo Operator

The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a = 7 is divided by b = 4 , the remainder is 3 .

Note : The % operator is mainly used with integers.

2. Java Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used in Java to assign values to variables. For example,

Here, = is the assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right to the variable on its left. That is, 5 is assigned to the variable age .

Let's see some more assignment operators available in Java.

Example 2: Assignment Operators

3. java relational operators.

Relational operators are used to check the relationship between two operands. For example,

Here, < operator is the relational operator. It checks if a is less than b or not.

It returns either true or false .

Example 3: Relational Operators

Note : Relational operators are used in decision making and loops.

4. Java Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is true or false . They are used in decision making.

Example 4: Logical Operators

Working of Program

• (5 > 3) && (8 > 5) returns true because both (5 > 3) and (8 > 5) are true .
• (5 > 3) && (8 < 5) returns false because the expression (8 < 5) is false .
• (5 < 3) || (8 > 5) returns true because the expression (8 > 5) is true .
• (5 > 3) || (8 < 5) returns true because the expression (5 > 3) is true .
• (5 < 3) || (8 < 5) returns false because both (5 < 3) and (8 < 5) are false .
• !(5 == 3) returns true because 5 == 3 is false .
• !(5 > 3) returns false because 5 > 3 is true .

5. Java Unary Operators

Unary operators are used with only one operand. For example, ++ is a unary operator that increases the value of a variable by 1 . That is, ++5 will return 6 .

Different types of unary operators are:

• Increment and Decrement Operators

Java also provides increment and decrement operators: ++ and -- respectively. ++ increases the value of the operand by 1 , while -- decrease it by 1 . For example,

Here, the value of num gets increased to 6 from its initial value of 5 .

Example 5: Increment and Decrement Operators

In the above program, we have used the ++ and -- operator as prefixes (++a, --b) . We can also use these operators as postfix (a++, b++) .

There is a slight difference when these operators are used as prefix versus when they are used as a postfix.

To learn more about these operators, visit increment and decrement operators .

6. Java Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators in Java are used to perform operations on individual bits. For example,

Here, ~ is a bitwise operator. It inverts the value of each bit ( 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 ).

The various bitwise operators present in Java are:

These operators are not generally used in Java. To learn more, visit Java Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators .

Other operators

Besides these operators, there are other additional operators in Java.

The instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instanceof a particular class. For example,

Here, str is an instance of the String class. Hence, the instanceof operator returns true . To learn more, visit Java instanceof .

The ternary operator (conditional operator) is shorthand for the if-then-else statement. For example,

Here's how it works.

• If the Expression is true , expression1 is assigned to the variable .
• If the Expression is false , expression2 is assigned to the variable .

Let's see an example of a ternary operator.

In the above example, we have used the ternary operator to check if the year is a leap year or not. To learn more, visit the Java ternary operator .

Now that you know about Java operators, it's time to know about the order in which operators are evaluated. To learn more, visit Java Operator Precedence .

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Java Arithmetic Operators
• Java Assignment Operators
• Java Relational Operators
• Java Logical Operators
• Java Unary Operators
• Java Bitwise Operators

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Java Programming Assignment 5

Requirement

Write a Java abstract superclass (call it Pet) that contains protected instance variables for the name (String) and birthyear (int). The default values for the variables will be "No Name" and 2000 (recommend to assign in their declarations). Include the following instance methods: (each MUST refer to one or more instance variables)

protected String name = "No Name";

protected int birthyear = 2000;

public HW5_Pet()

public HW5_Pet(String s_Name, int i_birthYear)

setName(s_Name);

setBirthYear(i_birthYear);

public HW5_Pet(int i_birthYear)

// accessor

public String getName()

return name;

public int getBirthYear()

return birthyear;

public void setName(String s_Name)

if(s_Name != null)

name = s_Name;

public void setBirthYear(int i_birthYear)

GregorianCalendar oGregorianCalendar = new GregorianCalendar();

if(i_birthYear > 1900 && i_birthYear <= oGregorianCalendar.get(Calendar.YEAR))

birthyear = i_birthYear;

public int calcAge()

// instantiate a GregorianCalendar object (include java.util.*) using its default constructor, then call the get method on the object, passing Calendar.YEAR

return (oGregorianCalendar.get(Calendar.YEAR) - birthyear);

// Abstract methods

public abstract int convertYears();

public abstract int lifeExpectancy();

// method for display

public String toString()

return this.getClass().getSuperclass().getName() + ": Name: " + name + ", Birth Year: " + birthyear;

HW5_Cat class

private boolean isIndoor = true;

public HW5_Cat()

super(); // probably not needed

public HW5_Cat(String s_PetName, int i_PetBirthYear, boolean b_IsIndoor)

super(s_PetName, i_PetBirthYear);

setIsIndoor(b_IsIndoor);

public void setIsIndoor(boolean b_IsIndoor)

isIndoor = b_IsIndoor;

public boolean getIsIndoor()

return isIndoor;

// Equivalent human years using the rules: 1 cat year is 15 human years, 2 cat years is 24 human years, add 4 human years for every ca year over 2.

public int convertYears()

int i_CatAge = calcAge();

int i_EquivalentHumanYears = 0;

if (i_CatAge == 1)

i_EquivalentHumanYears = 15;

else if (i_CatAge == 2)

i_EquivalentHumanYears = 24;

i_EquivalentHumanYears = 24 + ((i_CatAge - 2) * 4);

return i_EquivalentHumanYears;

public int lifeExpectancy()

// Cat: 16 years if indoor cat, 4 years if outdoor cat

int i_lifeExpectancy;

i_lifeExpectancy = (isIndoor)? 16 : 4;

return i_lifeExpectancy;

String s_IsIndoor = (isIndoor)? "Indoor" : "Not Indoor";

return this.getClass().getName() + " " + super.toString() + ", " + s_IsIndoor ;

HW5_Dog class

private int numOfTricks = 0;

private char size = 'S'; // ('S', 'M', or 'L') later use enumeration type

public HW5_Dog()

public HW5_Dog(String s_PetName, int i_PetBirthYear, int i_NumOfTricks, char c_DogSize)

setNumOfTricks(i_NumOfTricks);

setDogSize(c_DogSize);

public void setNumOfTricks(int i_NumOfTricks)

if(i_NumOfTricks > 0)

numOfTricks = i_NumOfTricks;

public void setDogSize(char c_DogSize)

if (Character.isLetter(c_DogSize))

c_DogSize = Character.toUpperCase(c_DogSize);

if(c_DogSize == 'S' || c_DogSize == 'M' || c_DogSize == 'L')

size = c_DogSize;

public int getNumOfTricks()

return numOfTricks;

public char getDogSize()

return size;

// Equivalent human years using the rules: 1 dog year is 9 human years, add 7 years for every year over 1

int i_DogAge = calcAge();

if (i_DogAge == 1)

i_EquivalentHumanYears = 9;

i_EquivalentHumanYears = 9 + ((i_DogAge - 1) * 7);

// Dog: 16 years if a small dog, 12 years if a medium dog, 10 years if a large dog

if(size == 'S')

else if(size == 'M')

else // if(size == 'L')

return this.getClass().getName() + " " + super.toString() + ", # of Tricks: " + numOfTricks + ", Dog Size: " + size;

HW5_Main class

Name of program: Learn to use Inheritance, abstract class/methods using Pet, Dog, Cat classes

Programmer's name: ABC

Current Date: dd/mm/yyyy

Computer system and compiler you are using: Win 8, JDK 1.7

Brief description of the program (1-5 sentences): Learn to use Inheritance, abstract class/methods using Pet, Dog, Cat classes

Variable names (if any) and descriptions of what they represent:

static Scanner oScanner = new Scanner(System.in);

public static void main(String[] args)

HW5_Pet [] oPets;

// 1. Get Pet information from user

oPets = getPets();

// 2. Given Test class to skip method A

//oPets = getTestPetArray();

// Sort Pet list

SortPetList(oPets);

// Display all Pets

Display(oPets);

int numOfLargeDogs = NumberOfLargeDogs(oPets);

if(numOfLargeDogs >= 0)

System.out.println("Number of large dog(s): " + numOfLargeDogs);

System.out.println("No Dogs");

// Method that returns (in a return statement) an array of Pet objects. In this method, read the size of array from the user, (don't allow < 1 or > 20) allocate memory for the array, then assign to each element the return value from a static method that reads and PARSES the input (in another method, see A. below).

public static HW5_Pet [] getPets()

int i_NumOfPets = 0;

while (i_NumOfPets < 1 || i_NumOfPets > 20)

System.out.print("Enter total number of pets you want to create (between 1-20): ");

i_NumOfPets = oScanner.nextInt();

oScanner.nextLine(); // to flush new line before taking value from user

oPets = new HW5_Pet[i_NumOfPets];

for(int i = 0; i < oPets.length; i++)

oPets[i] = getPet();

if(oPets[i] == null) // if entered pet information has problem ask one more time, How to do it in a better way ??

return oPets;

// Method (in the same class as main that you write) to sort the array by name (be sure to use the length variable of the array), using the String class' compareToIgnoreCase method.

public static void SortPetList(HW5_Pet [] oPets)

HW5_Pet oTmpPet;

for (int j = i+1; j < oPets.length; j++)

if(oPets[i].getName().compareToIgnoreCase(oPets[j].getName()) > 0)

oTmpPet = oPets[i];

oPets[i] = oPets[j];

oPets[j] = oTmpPet;

// A. In the method that reads and parses the input, read into a String, tokenize (using a StringTokenizer or split method in the String class), convert the tokens into the expected types based on whether it's a Dog or Cat, and return an instance of Dog or Cat based on the tokens (converted to int if needed). To convert a String with an int to an int, use Integer.parseInt(str).

public static HW5_Pet getPet()

System.out.print("Enter pet info, separated by commas: ");

String s_PetInfo = oScanner.nextLine();

String [] a_PetInfo;

if(s_PetInfo.contains(","))

a_PetInfo = s_PetInfo.split(",");

if(a_PetInfo != null)

if(a_PetInfo[0].compareToIgnoreCase("CAT") == 0)

String s_CatName = (a_PetInfo.length > 0)? a_PetInfo[1] : "";

int i_CatBirthYear = (a_PetInfo.length > 1)? Integer.parseInt(a_PetInfo[2]): 0;

boolean b_IsIndoor = (a_PetInfo.length > 2)? Boolean.parseBoolean(a_PetInfo[3]): true; // default to true same as default initialize value of variable

return new HW5_Cat(s_CatName, i_CatBirthYear, b_IsIndoor);

else if (a_PetInfo[0].compareToIgnoreCase("DOG") == 0)

String s_DogName = (a_PetInfo.length > 0)? a_PetInfo[1] : "";

int i_DogBirthYear = (a_PetInfo.length > 1)? Integer.parseInt(a_PetInfo[2]): 0;

int i_NumOfTricks = (a_PetInfo.length > 2)? Integer.parseInt(a_PetInfo[3]): 0;

char c_DogSize = (a_PetInfo.length > 3)? a_PetInfo[4].charAt(0) : 'S';

return new HW5_Dog(s_DogName, i_DogBirthYear, i_NumOfTricks, c_DogSize);

System.out.println("Invalid input -- try again");

return null;

System.out.println("Invalid input -- try again"); // In case

// a method (in the same class as main that you write) that prints each object's toString AND the return value from convertYears AND return value from lifeExpectancy in an enhanced for loop.

public static void Display(HW5_Pet [] oPets)

for(HW5_Pet oPet: oPets)

System.out.println(oPet.toString() + ", Human Years: " + oPet.convertYears() + ", Life Expentancy: " + oPet.lifeExpectancy());

// Method (in the same class as main that you write) to return how many Dogs in the array (if any) are Large Dogs (described in B. below)

public static int NumberOfLargeDogs(HW5_Pet [] oPets)

int numOfLargeDogs = 0;

boolean b_IsDog = false;

for (HW5_Pet oPet: oPets)

if(oPet instanceof HW5_Dog)

HW5_Dog oHW5_Dog= (HW5_Dog) (oPet);

if(oHW5_Dog.getDogSize() == 'L')

numOfLargeDogs ++;

b_IsDog = true;

if(!b_IsDog) numOfLargeDogs = -1;

return numOfLargeDogs;

// Given Test Case

public static HW5_Pet [] getTestPetArray(){

return new HW5_Pet[]{

new HW5_Dog("Doby Doberman", 2006, 7, 'L'),

new HW5_Dog("Wienie Dog", 2003, 3, 's'),

new HW5_Cat("Calico Cat", 2006, true),

new HW5_Dog("banjo dog", 2008, 2, 'l'),

new HW5_Cat("FRAIDY CAT", 2010, false)

} //end getTestPetArray

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Minecraft Java Edition 1.20.6

Minecraft Java 1.20.6 Released

The shipping room sure has been bustling with activity lately! So much so that we managed to cram one last release into the month of April. Today we're shipping Java Edition 1.20.6, a hotfix release that takes care of some critical issues that managed to sneak their way into the Armored Paws drop (1.20.5) last week.

Happy llama-safe mining!

Fixed bugs in 1.20.6

• MC-271109 Trader llama inventory shifted, partially lost during upgrade

Get the Release

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A strong magnitude 6.1 earthquake shakes Indonesia's Java Island, felt in Jakarta

JAKARTA, Indonesia — A strong magnitude 6.1 earthquake shook the southern part of Indonesia’s main island of Java on Saturday, but there were no immediate reports of injury or significant property damage.

The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake struck 102 kilometers (63 miles) south of Banjar city at a depth of 68.3 kilometers (42.4 miles). There was no tsunami warning.

High-rises in the capital Jakarta swayed for around a minute and two-story homes shook strongly in the West Java provincial capital of Bandung and in Jakarta’s satellite cities of Depok, Tangerang, Bogor and Bekasi. The quake was also felt in other cities in West Java, Yogyakarta and East Java province, according to Indonesia’s Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysical Agency.

The agency warned of possible aftershocks.

Earthquakes are frequent across the sprawling archipelago nation, but they are rarely felt in Jakarta.

Indonesia, a seismically active archipelago of 270 million people, is prone to seismic upheaval because of its location on major geological faults known as the Pacific “Ring of Fire.”

A magnitude 5.6 earthquake in 2022 killed at least 602 people in West Java’s Cianjur city. It was the deadliest in Indonesia since a 2018 quake and tsunami in Sulawesi killed more than 4,300 people.

In 2004, an extremely powerful Indian Ocean quake set off a tsunami that killed more than 230,000 people in a dozen countries, most of them in Indonesia’s Aceh province.