examples of outlines for argumentative essays

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• How to write an essay outline | Guidelines & examples

How to Write an Essay Outline | Guidelines & Examples

Published on August 14, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An essay outline is a way of planning the structure of your essay before you start writing. It involves writing quick summary sentences or phrases for every point you will cover in each paragraph , giving you a picture of how your argument will unfold.

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Table of contents

Organizing your material, presentation of the outline, examples of essay outlines, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about essay outlines.

At the stage where you’re writing an essay outline, your ideas are probably still not fully formed. You should know your topic  and have already done some preliminary research to find relevant sources , but now you need to shape your ideas into a structured argument.

Creating categories

Look over any information, quotes and ideas you’ve noted down from your research and consider the central point you want to make in the essay—this will be the basis of your thesis statement . Once you have an idea of your overall argument, you can begin to organize your material in a way that serves that argument.

Try to arrange your material into categories related to different aspects of your argument. If you’re writing about a literary text, you might group your ideas into themes; in a history essay, it might be several key trends or turning points from the period you’re discussing.

Three main themes or subjects is a common structure for essays. Depending on the length of the essay, you could split the themes into three body paragraphs, or three longer sections with several paragraphs covering each theme.

As you create the outline, look critically at your categories and points: Are any of them irrelevant or redundant? Make sure every topic you cover is clearly related to your thesis statement.

Order of information

When you have your material organized into several categories, consider what order they should appear in.

Your essay will always begin and end with an introduction and conclusion , but the organization of the body is up to you.

Consider these questions to order your material:

• Is there an obvious starting point for your argument?
• Is there one subject that provides an easy transition into another?
• Do some points need to be set up by discussing other points first?

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Within each paragraph, you’ll discuss a single idea related to your overall topic or argument, using several points of evidence or analysis to do so.

In your outline, you present these points as a few short numbered sentences or phrases.They can be split into sub-points when more detail is needed.

The template below shows how you might structure an outline for a five-paragraph essay.

• Thesis statement
• First piece of evidence
• Second piece of evidence
• Summary/synthesis
• Importance of topic
• Strong closing statement

You can choose whether to write your outline in full sentences or short phrases. Be consistent in your choice; don’t randomly write some points as full sentences and others as short phrases.

Examples of outlines for different types of essays are presented below: an argumentative, expository, and literary analysis essay.

Argumentative essay outline

This outline is for a short argumentative essay evaluating the internet’s impact on education. It uses short phrases to summarize each point.

Its body is split into three paragraphs, each presenting arguments about a different aspect of the internet’s effects on education.

• Importance of the internet
• Concerns about internet use
• Thesis statement: Internet use a net positive
• Data exploring this effect
• Analysis indicating it is overstated
• Students’ reading levels over time
• Why this data is questionable
• Video media
• Interactive media
• Speed and simplicity of online research
• Questions about reliability (transitioning into next topic)
• Evidence indicating its ubiquity
• Claims that it discourages engagement with academic writing
• Evidence that Wikipedia warns students not to cite it
• Argument that it introduces students to citation
• Summary of key points
• Value of digital education for students
• Need for optimism to embrace advantages of the internet

Expository essay outline

This is the outline for an expository essay describing how the invention of the printing press affected life and politics in Europe.

The paragraphs are still summarized in short phrases here, but individual points are described with full sentences.

• Claim that the printing press marks the end of the Middle Ages.
• Provide background on the low levels of literacy before the printing press.
• Present the thesis statement: The invention of the printing press increased circulation of information in Europe, paving the way for the Reformation.
• Discuss the very high levels of illiteracy in medieval Europe.
• Describe how literacy and thus knowledge and education were mainly the domain of religious and political elites.
• Indicate how this discouraged political and religious change.
• Describe the invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg.
• Show the implications of the new technology for book production.
• Describe the rapid spread of the technology and the printing of the Gutenberg Bible.
• Link to the Reformation.
• Discuss the trend for translating the Bible into vernacular languages during the years following the printing press’s invention.
• Describe Luther’s own translation of the Bible during the Reformation.
• Sketch out the large-scale effects the Reformation would have on religion and politics.
• Summarize the history described.
• Stress the significance of the printing press to the events of this period.

Literary analysis essay outline

The literary analysis essay outlined below discusses the role of theater in Jane Austen’s novel Mansfield Park .

The body of the essay is divided into three different themes, each of which is explored through examples from the book.

• Describe the theatricality of Austen’s works
• Outline the role theater plays in Mansfield Park
• Introduce the research question : How does Austen use theater to express the characters’ morality in Mansfield Park ?
• Discuss Austen’s depiction of the performance at the end of the first volume
• Discuss how Sir Bertram reacts to the acting scheme
• Introduce Austen’s use of stage direction–like details during dialogue
• Explore how these are deployed to show the characters’ self-absorption
• Discuss Austen’s description of Maria and Julia’s relationship as polite but affectionless
• Compare Mrs. Norris’s self-conceit as charitable despite her idleness
• Summarize the three themes: The acting scheme, stage directions, and the performance of morals
• Answer the research question
• Indicate areas for further study

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You will sometimes be asked to hand in an essay outline before you start writing your essay . Your supervisor wants to see that you have a clear idea of your structure so that writing will go smoothly.

Even when you do not have to hand it in, writing an essay outline is an important part of the writing process . It’s a good idea to write one (as informally as you like) to clarify your structure for yourself whenever you are working on an essay.

If you have to hand in your essay outline , you may be given specific guidelines stating whether you have to use full sentences. If you’re not sure, ask your supervisor.

When writing an essay outline for yourself, the choice is yours. Some students find it helpful to write out their ideas in full sentences, while others prefer to summarize them in short phrases.

You should try to follow your outline as you write your essay . However, if your ideas change or it becomes clear that your structure could be better, it’s okay to depart from your essay outline . Just make sure you know why you’re doing so.

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Argumentative Essay – Outline, Form, and Examples

What is an argumentative essay.

An argumentative essay requires the writer to investigate a specific topic by collecting and evaluating evidence to establish a position on the subject matter.

When preparing to compose a good argumentative essay, utilize the following steps:

Step 1: Select a topic.

Step 2: Identify a position.

Step 3: Locate appropriate resources.

Step 4: Identify evidence supporting the position. ( NOTE: If there is little evidence in support of the claim, consider re-examining the main argument.)

When gathering evidence, use credible sources . To determine the credibility of the source, consider authority, currency, accuracy, and objectivity:

Who is the author ? Are they an expert in the field? Has a reputable publisher published the work?

How current is the information in the source? Does the currency of the source matter? Does the age of the source impact the content? Is there newer information that disproves the source’s information?

Can other sources verify the accuracy of the information? Does the information contradict that found in other commonly accepted sources?

Is there any evidence of bias, or is the source objective ? Is the research sponsored by an organization that may skew the information?

The following are typically recognized as providing appropriate, credible research material:

Peer-reviewed journals/research papers

Government agencies

Professional organizations

Library databases

Reference books

Writers should avoid using the following sources:

Social media posts

Out-of-date materials

Step 5: Utilize the research to determine a thesis statement that identifies the topic, position, and support(s).

Step 6: Use the evidence to construct an outline, detailing the main supports and relevant evidence.

Argumentative essay outline

After gathering all of the necessary research, the next step in composing an argumentative essay focuses on organizing the information through the use of an outline:

Introduction

Attention Grabber/Hook

Background Information: Include any background information pertinent to the topic that the reader needs to know to understand the argument.

Thesis: State the position in connection to the main topic and identify the supports that will help prove the argument.

Topic sentence

Identify evidence in support of the claim in the topic sentence

Explain how the evidence supports the argument

Evidence 3 (Continue as needed)

Support 2 (Continue as needed)

Restate thesis

Review main supports

Concluding statement

Invite the audience to take a specific action.

Identify the overall importance of the topic and position.

How to write an argumentative essay

Regardless of the writer’s topic or point of view, an argumentative essay should include an introductory paragraph, body paragraphs, a conclusion, and works cited.

Background information

Body Paragraphs

Analysis of evidence

Rephrased thesis

Review of main ideas

Call to action

Works Cited

Argumentative essay introduction

The introduction sets the tone for the entire paper and introduces the argument. In general, the first paragraph(s) should attract the reader’s attention, provide relevant context, and conclude with a thesis statement.

To attract the reader's attention , start with an introductory device. There are several attention-grabbing techniques, the most common of which consist of the following:

The writer can emphasize the topic’s importance by explaining the current interest in the topic or indicating that the subject is influential.

Pertinent statistics give the paper an air of authority.

There are many reasons for a stimulating statement to surprise a reader. Sometimes it is joyful; sometimes it is shocking; sometimes it is surprising because of who said it.

An interesting incident or anecdote can act as a teaser to lure the reader into the remainder of the essay. Be sure that the device is appropriate for the subject and focus of what follows.

Provide the reader with relevant context and background information necessary to understand the topic.

Conclude with a thesis statement that identifies the overall purpose of the essay (topic and position). Writers can also include their support directly in the thesis, which outlines the structure of the essay for the reader.

Avoid the following when writing the introduction to argumentative writing:

Starting with dictionary definitions is too overdone and unappealing.

Do not make an announcement of the topic like “In this paper I will…” or “The purpose of this essay is to….”

Evidence supporting or developing the thesis should be in the body paragraphs, not the introduction.

Beginning the essay with general or absolute statements such as “throughout history...” or “as human beings we always...” or similar statements suggest the writer knows all of history or that all people behave or think in the same way.

Argumentative essay thesis

The thesis statement is the single, specific claim the writer sets out to prove and is typically positioned as the last sentence of the introduction . It is the controlling idea of the entire argument that identifies the topic, position, and reasoning.

When constructing a thesis for an argumentative paper, make sure it contains a side of the argument, not simply a topic. An argumentative thesis identifies the writer’s position on a given topic. If a position cannot be taken, then it is not argumentative thesis:

Topic: Capital punishment is practiced in many states.

Thesis: Capital punishment should be illegal.

While not always required, the thesis statement can include the supports the writer will use to prove the main claim. Therefore, a thesis statement can be structured as follows:

TOPIC + POSITION (+ SUPPORTS)

No Supports: College athletes (TOPIC) should be financially compensated (POSITION).

Supports: College athletes (TOPIC) should be financially compensated (POSITION) because they sacrifice their minds and bodies (SUPPORT 1), cannot hold

Argumentative essay body paragraphs

Body paragraphs can be of varying lengths, but they must present a coherent argument unified under a single topic. They are rarely ever longer than one page, double-spaced; usually they are much shorter.

Lengthy paragraphs indicate a lack of structure. Identify the main ideas of a lengthy paragraph to determine if they make more sense as separate topics in separate paragraphs.

Shorter paragraphs usually indicate a lack of substance; there is not enough evidence or analysis to prove the argument. Develop the ideas more or integrate the information into another paragraph.

The structure of an argumentative paragraph should include a topic sentence, evidence, and a transition.

The topic sentence is the thesis of the paragraph that identifies the arguable point in support of the main argument. The reader should know exactly what the writer is trying to prove within the paragraph by reading the first sentence.

The supporting evidence and analysis provide information to support the claim. There should be a balance between the evidence (facts, quotations, summary of events/plot, etc.) and analysis (interpretation of evidence). If the paragraph is evidence-heavy, there is not much of an argument; if it is analysis-heavy, there is not enough evidence in support of the claim.

The transition can be at the beginning or the end of a paragraph. However, it is much easier to combine the transition with the concluding observation to help the paragraphs flow into one another. Transitions in academic writing should tell the reader where you were, where you are going, and relate to the thesis.

Some essays may benefit from the inclusion of rebuttals to potential counterarguments of the writer’s position.

Argumentative essay conclusion

The conclusion should make readers glad they read the paper. It can suggest broader implications that will not only interest readers but also enrich their understanding in some way. There are three aspects to follow when constructing the conclusion: rephrase the thesis, synthesize information, and call the reader to action.

Rephrased the thesis in the first sentence of the conclusion. It must be in different words; do not simply write it verbatim.

Synthesize the argument by showing how the paper's main points support the argument.

Propose a course of action or a solution to an issue. This can redirect the reader's thought process to apply the ideas to their life or to see the broader implications of the topic.

Avoid the following when constructing the conclusion:

Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as "in conclusion," "in summary," or "in closing;" although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as trite in writing

Introducing a new idea or subtopic in the conclusion

Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of the paper

Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper

Argumentative essay examples

Examples of argumentative essays vary depending upon the type:

Academic essays differ based upon the topic and position. These essays follow a more traditional structure and are typically assigned in high school or college. Examples of academic argumentative essay topics include the following:

Advantages or disadvantages of social media

Animal testing

Art education

Benefit or detriment of homework

Capital punishment

Class warfare

Immigration

School uniforms

Universal healthcare

Violence in video games

Argumentative literary essays are typically more informal and do not follow the same structure as an academic essay. The following are popular examples of argumentative literary essays:

“Letter from Birmingham Jail” by Martin Luther King, Jr.

“Death of the Moth” by Virginia Woolf

“Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell

“Thoughts for the Times on War and Death” by Sigmund Freud

“Does the Truth Matter? Science, Pseudoscience, and Civilization” by Carl Sagan

“Self-Reliance” by Ralph Waldo Emerson

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Argumentative Essay Guide

Argumentative Essay Outline

Argumentative Essay Outline: How to Structure Your Argumentative Essay

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Preparing to write an argumentative essay but don’t know where to start?

Making an outline is an important step in prewriting. Having a defined outline makes the essay writing process much simpler. It helps you logically present your ideas and saves you from getting stuck with writer’s block. 

In this blog, we are going to teach you about how to write an outline for your essay. You’ll also get examples and templates to help you out.

So continue reading!

• 1. How To Write An Argumentative Essay Outline?
• 2. Types of Arguments and Argumentative Essay Outlines
• 3. Argumentative Essay Outline Examples

How To Write An Argumentative Essay Outline?

A simple argumentative essay outline follows the same structure as any other type of essay. The difference lies in the content of the body paragraphs. Unlike a persuasive essay, where the focus is on convincing the reader through emotional appeals, the argumentative essay presents the argument.

Some paragraphs introduce your own argument, while others state the opposing arguments and their refutations. 

Here is an argumentative essay outline template you could follow for writing your essay:

The most common structure to craft an argumentative essay is as follows:

1. Argumentative Essay Introduction 

The introductory paragraph introduces the main argument and provides a brief background of the argumentative essay topic you chose. Essay introductions act as a roadmap for the entire essay. For an argumentative essay, this is where you lay the foundation for your argument.  An introduction comprises the following essential components: 

• Hook Statement

A hook statement is written to grab the attention of your reader immediately. It should intrigue the reader and make them read the complete essay. For example, if you are writing an argumentative essay on animal testing, your hook statement could be: 

• Background Information 

Provide brief background information about your argument and the main claim of your essay. It will make it easier for the reader to understand the argument you will make in your essay.  For example:

• Thesis Statement

An argumentative essay thesis statement should highlight your perspective, stance, and reason for your position. A thesis statement must be clearly defined, arguable, and defendable. It should express the importance of your argument and a reason why the reader should read your essay. For Example:

In case you're looking for some inspiration for your topic, check out our argumentative essay topics blog!

2. Argumentative Essay Supporting Paragraphs 

In the body paragraph, you present your point of view and provide evidence that supports your argument. The goal here is to explain how valid your claim is by providing evidence that strengthens your argument. 

For Example:

Here are four basic things that a body paragraph should state.

a. The purpose: Why are you making an argument about a particular issue? 

b. Topic sentence: This is a fact or an example that helps the reader better understand your argument. The topic sentence of a paragraph should focus on just one point.

c. Provide evidence: State facts with examples and statistics that support your thesis statement and the topic sentence. Make sure that you have collected authentic evidence from credible sources. 

d. Concluding sentence: The concluding sentence should reassert how the topic sentence helps the reader better understand the claim. 

3. Argumentative Essay Counter Arguments Paragraph 

The counter-argument is the other side of the issue that you will prove wrong by stating the specific reasons. In this paragraph, you mention the opposing views that the reader might pose against your argument and refute them.  Conclude this paragraph by reasserting the thought provoking central idea of your essay.

4. Argumentative Essay Conclusion

A good argumentative essay conclusion summarizes the entire discussion of the essay and provides a call to action. It holds the same significance as the introduction paragraph. Here, you restate your thesis statement to remind the reader of your essay’s overall argument. Tell the reader that you have critically analyzed both sides of the argument. And based on the evidence, you have proved your side of the argument right. Explain the importance of your argument and bring your discussion to a logical end. You can propose a solution if your claim has specified a problem or make future predictions about the claim. Tell your reader the consequences if your argument is not believed and what good will happen if it's believed.

Here is an example:

Use the following argumentative essay outline graphic organizer to structure your essay efficiently.

Argumentative Essay Outline Graphic Organizer

Here’s a video demonstrating how you can prepare an argumentative essay outline:

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Types of Arguments and Argumentative Essay Outlines

Your argumentative essay structure is affected by the type of argument you are using. There are three argumentative writing models: Classical, Rogerian, and Toulmin. 

Let's take a look at each one:

Classical Argument

The classical argument is the oldest and most used argument model. It is based on the principles of rhetoric, which is the art of persuasion. This type of argument has a clear structure with distinct steps, making it an ideal choice for an essay or paper.

Here is the classical argumentative writing structure.

Classical Argumentative Essay Outline Template

Rogerian Argument

The Rogerian model allows both sides of an issue to be discussed to reach a common ground.

Unlike the classical approach, the Rogerian argument seeks to understand both sides of an issue before moving forward. This style of argumentation does not look for a single ‘right’ answer but seeks to create a dialogue between all parties.

Rhetorical Rogerian Argumentative Essay Outline Template

Toulmin Argument

The Toulmin argument is a model that breaks down an issue into its component parts to analyze it more thoroughly. The Toulmin argument is composed of six parts: a claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal.

The first part lays out the main point being argued (the “claim”) . This is followed by the evidence that supports it (the “grounds”) . It is then connected to an underlying assumption or principle (the “warrant”) . 

The warrant is then supported by additional evidence (the “backing”) , which may be followed by qualifications (the “qualifier”) . Finally, the argument may anticipate and address possible counterarguments (the “rebuttal”) .

Toulmin Argumentative Essay Outline Template

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Need more sample essays to get a better idea? Give our argumentative essay examples a read!

The Bottom Line! We've covered all the essential elements of structuring your argumentative essay. With this guide, you're now well-prepared to craft a compelling essay that effectively presents your viewpoint and supports your argument with evidence. 

Remember the key components: the introduction that hooks your reader, a clear thesis statement, well-organized body paragraphs, counterarguments, and a strong conclusion. Don't forget to cite your sources properly to give credibility to your work. 

If you are unable to craft a perfect outline, you can always seek the help of an expert and professional essay writer at MyPerfectWords.com.

Our affordable argumentative essay writing service can help you write a top-notch argumentative paper. Our skilled writers conduct research to find facts and evidence to support your claim and write an original essay according to your needs.

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How to Write an Argumentative Essay from Scratch

Most students dread argumentative writing, yet it is a common academic writing task in many courses. Moreover, we have established that most parents find it even more confusing to guide their children on how to write argumentative essays.

Honestly, writing argumentative essay assignments is tasking as the process entails extensive research of literature and previously published materials on a topic.

Detailed research is necessary, but an even more complex step is the process of coming up with a thesis for an argumentative essay.

If you are struggling to create an excellent argumentative essay because the entire process seems taxing and discouraging, you need not worry. We've got you covered, whether it is for a specific test (IELTS, ACT, SAR, or TOEFL), for a class assignment, or part of coursework.

First, this helpful guide will help you write an argumentative essay, whether you're a student, a teacher, or a parent. You can also get help with writing your argumentative essay by paying an argumentative essay writer on our website. But, first, let's get the facts right.

Definition- What is an argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay is a formal essay where you use facts and evidence to support the thesis, which usually entails taking a stance on an issue. To write a good argumentative essay, a student must persuade the readers to understand and support the point of view of their essay concerning a topic by clearly stating their reasoning backed by evidence and examples. Therefore, you have first to choose a side or establish a position on the topic or issue and then develop arguments to persuade the reader to agree with your stance or position.

To write an excellent argumentative essay, which convinces the reader that your position is worth considering or adopting, you need to do three things:

• Begin your essay with an attention grabber or essay hook statement that stimulates their reading appetite
• Ensure that you have a clear and persuasive thesis that is rightfully placed in the introduction of your essay
• You develop the thesis in the body paragraphs of your essay using evidence and by addressing counterarguments as well for a balanced scholarly discussion
• You conclude your essay by tying all the main points together, showing why the argument is worthwhile, and leaving your readers with a strong impression or final words that make them think beyond your essay

You are assigned to write argumentative essays to assess your creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving, analytical, and writing skills. Besides, since you will be researching and writing, you are also assessed on your research skills. You will be writing many argumentative essays, so you need to master the art of argumentative writing. It is a debate; you have to display your skills and win.

Argumentative Essay vs. Persuasive Essay

We have already discussed the essentials of writing persuasive essays . However, if you read our guide on how to write a persuasive essay, you would agree that even though it is similar to an argumentative essay, there are also glaring differences.

An argumentative essay is an academic paper or assignment where you cover both sides of a given issue. And as you write, you can support either one side more dramatically or support both sides equally.

One major mistake that students, and sometimes parents and teachers, make is confusing one for the other. The difference between argumentative and persuasive essays is not always clear until you look closely and keenly.

Now that you know the differences let's look at the strategies you can adopt when writing an argumentative essay. Your professor or instructor will advise you on which one to adopt. But in case none is given, choose one that you are flexible to work with.

Three Techniques/Models to Structure Argumentative Essays

When arguing out a more complicated argument, you need to follow an advanced argumentative essay structure. This applies when writing an essay, and you need to present definitive rebuttals. You can use the Aristotelian or Classic model, Toulmin method, or Rogerian approach when this is your only option.

Classical (Aristotelian) Method

You can write your argumentative essay using the classical approach. It is the most popular model used in argumentative writing and is preferred when making straightforward arguments . It entails researching the issue, presenting arguments for both sides, expressing your perspective or opinion, and proving to the readers the validity of the conclusion.

Therefore, it draws from the use of logos (emotion), ethos (credibility), and pathos (reasoning) to prove the points.

In this approach, the readers are to judge whether your position or stance is right or wrong. First, however, you have to convince your readers that your opinion is plausible, practical, and effective.

When following the classical argument approach, structure your paper as we highlight here:

• Have a good hook statement
• Present the background of the problem or issue
• Write a thesis statement that reflects your position clearly and concisely
• You must provide valid evidence and appropriate examples to support your chosen position or stance. You should, however, only use credible scholarly resources.
• Explain the perspectives of your opponent. You can either have this in its own paragraph or refute their points one by one as you present your personal viewpoint or stance.
• Including a counter paragraph in your essay where you present the opposing arguments demonstrates maturity in your writing. You should provide examples to help your readers understand your position.
• Ensure that you explain to your readers why the counterclaims are invalid or flawed.
• Finalize your argumentative essay by synthesizing your arguments and counterarguments. Let your readers investigate the issue widely
• The conclusion should be memorable, clear, and comprehensive

Toulmin Method

When your argumentative essay or assignment entails presenting complex issues that have no clear truths or when you have a thesis that is a counterargument or rebuttal , you need to use the Toulmin approach.

The Toulmin method helps analyze arguments because it helps to accurately, logically, and comprehensively present a deeper analysis of an issue.

It is a method that suits complicated issues that must be unraveled. It also works by refuting an opposing viewpoint.

The Toulmin approach has seven major components: claim , reasons, warrant, backing, qualifiers, exceptions, and rebuttal.

• Claim . This is your viewpoint as the author, the one you aim to prove.
• Evidence/Reasons . This refers to the supportive facts drawn from reliable scholarly resources to highlight the practicality of the claim.
• Warrant . An element that connects the claim to the evidence.
• Backing . Additional reasoning that validates the warrant.
• Rebuttal Counterarguments that contradict your position as the author.
• Qualifies . A short phrase or word that narrows the capacity of the claim. Examples include typically, fundamentally, majorly, occasionally, or ordinarily, to mention a few.
• Exceptions . A specific limitation that indicates when the claim might be invalid.

Rogerian Approach

Like the Toulmin approach, the Rogerian approach strives to find common ground between the two sides of an issue. However, there is a slight difference.

The Rogerian model is applied in highly controversial or complex debates when the parties disagree with each other's position. In this sense, it helps find the agreement by proving the validity of the opposing arguments .

It entails showing that both sides of an argument are right. Therefore, it can be used when presenting to a mixed audience to accommodate either side.

It is a middle-ground approach because you acknowledge the validity of both your thesis and the opposing viewpoint. It is not confrontational and shows some respect that helps convince the readers who are biased against a claim that you are fronting.

To write a good argumentative essay using the Rogerian approach, follow these steps or structure:

• Introduce the problem. Present an introduction that gives a proper background of the issue and explains why the reader should care to read your essay.
• Summary and analysis of the counterarguments. Present the potential counterarguments or counterclaims from different lenses or points of view. You should also discuss the cases where the opposing claims might be valid to demonstrate open-mindedness and analytical maturity. You will be able to buy the loyalty of the opposition.
• Present your position. Take a stance on the issue and validate your stance using evidence, examples, and reasons. You need to convince your audience that your points are equally valid.
• Prove the advantages of your position. Drawing from the points you have presented, clearly explain to your opposition how accepting and adopting your viewpoints could benefit them. Bring both sides together and present a middle ground before leaning to your side.
• Conclude your argument. Have a balanced conclusion that leaves your audience with questions to answer and decision to make.

You do not have to choose either model or approach when writing an argumentative essay. You can even use different models' elements in a single essay for different parts. However, if you struggle to structure your arguments, choosing one could help you save time.

Related Reading: How to write a synthesis essay.

Argumentative Essay Outline/Structure

The outline below is for the five-paragraph argumentative essay, which we will discuss shortly. If you are writing a longer argumentative essay assignment, you will need a longer body.

I. Introduction

• Essay hook (Grab your reader's attention using a statement, quote, or statistic).
• Background information (what is the issue and what is your position)
• Thesis statement (your central claim, the position you are arguing).

II. Body Paragraphs

• Topic sentence
• Supporting evidence
• Concluding sentence + transition/linking word
• Topic sentence with arguments from the other side of the issue
• Evidence and examples that refute the other side's argument

III. Conclusion

• Rephrase the thesis statement
• Highlight the main arguments and the counterargument
• Write the final words or thoughts on the topic

Argumentative Essay Format

There are two main formats of argumentative essays:

• The five-paragraph essay format
• Longer argumentative essay format

The five-paragraph argumentative essay format is a common approach for writing an argumentative essay. It entails writing the essay in five well-balanced paragraphs. The formation and word count of the paragraphs are as below:

• Introduction (10% of the word count)
• Body paragraphs (80% of the wordcount, distributed in three equally worded paragraphs)
• Conclusion (10% of the word count)

That is as straight as the five-paragraph format can be. It normally applies to short argumentative essays between 500 words and 1650 words or six pages.

Beyond six pages, your essay is considered a longer argumentative essay . These essays debate contentious or complex issues requiring detailed research and essays.

An argumentative essay that discusses several research sources and empirical research will surpass the five paragraphs. In this context, you might use many sources to discuss the context of the topic or issue.

When assigned the longer argumentative essays, 8-15 pages long, you should exhaustively defend your stance and address the counterarguments.  

With the bells and whistles of argumentative essays in place, let's now explore how to write an argumentative essay.

Related Read: How to write an analytical essay.

Steps to Writing an Argumentative Essay that Rocks

When writing an argumentative essay, consider it a debate or conversation with another party.

For instance, if you are to discuss the effects of social media use among the youth, you have to highlight what side you support and give a reason.

After presenting your reasons, you should also give a counterclaim that expresses the reasons for the other side, then refute the idea.

In this sense, an argumentative essay needs to be logical and complete. You have to leave no doubt that might lead to questioning your intent or argument.

To write a good argumentative essay, take these steps.

1. Choose a good Argumentative Topic

The first step is to read your essay prompt to help you choose a good topic. Sometimes, your professor can give you a list of argumentative essay topics to choose from and write an essay. However, you might be given the freedom to choose a topic in other instances. When left to select an argumentative topic, have these points or tips in mind:

• Choose an excellent argumentative essay topic that must be debatable, compelling, and easy to get solid evidence to support your ideas
• Write about something you can express your opinion
• Ensure that you have adequate arguments and evidence to support the topic
• Do not go for boring topics
• Avoid overly complex issues that are emotionally charged or challenging to discuss with a clear mind.
• Go for controversial topics that your peers are likely to avoid
• Have your readers or audience in mind
• The topics you choose should be memorable
• You can look at current affairs regarding social issues in society to choose the best argumentative essay topic

When you select a good topic, your next task is to craft a good essay title it. Remember, the title of an essay is its entry point for your readers; make it short, clear, and memorable.

2. Choose your position

You need to identify your opinions to take your position or stance on an issue or topic. Therefore, come up with a claim, argument, and opinion.

A claim, in this context, is a confident statement or something true but may not be proven/supported. An argument refers to the position on an issue or topic organized by a claim or claims supported by evidence and reasons. Finally, an opinion refers to personal thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and views on a topic or issue that evidence cannot substantiate. Another important thing is brainstorming the warrants, which are explanations that connect the evidence to the claims.

 You will find your position when you develop claims, arguments, and opinions.

You can use the template below:

Do this both for your point of view and that of your opponents or the opposing sides.

When you have your position, acknowledge the other side by coming up with a counterclaim. A counterclaim challenges the claims and discusses the limitations. A counterclaim can appear anywhere in argumentative writing as long as they challenge the claims. A counterclaim is not a counterargument; the latter acknowledges the other viewpoints on the topic. However, a counterclaim is helpful to strengthen your credibility by forcing you to think deeply about your arguments and question their plausibility and merits.

1. Come up with a thesis statement

To create a powerful argumentative essay outline, you need to develop a good thesis statement that will define the direction of the body paragraphs. Then, you can easily develop an argumentative essay thesis when you have your counterclaims, claims, evidence, reasons, and warrant.

A good thesis is the cornerstone of your essay. To write a good thesis :

• Turn the topic into a question and answer it . Then, set up a big question in the title of your essay or the first few sentences and answer it; the answer becomes your thesis statement.
• State an argument and refute it . Next, you must introduce an idea that contrasts your belief and explain why you disagree.
• Briefly outline the main points . Then, introduce the main point and elaborate on how you will back it up.

A strong thesis statement states the claim, your stance on the claim, and the main points you will support your perspective on within your selected topic. It should guide you when developing points for your essay.

2. Research for Ideas and Points

Do in-depth research to write a perfect argumentative essay that your teacher will admire. In researching, you should write notes on the examples, evidence, and facts you can use to validate your arguments.

Focus on credible scholarly sources so that your essay is academically fit. For this, you need to consider the date of publishing. Besides, ensure that your mind is on the topic so that you select relevant sources that you can use to make valid connections to your claims and evidence. Finally, as you research widely, you will gain expertise by reading peer-reviewed articles, comparing and contrasting stances, and making meaningful conclusions.

3. Draft an outline

We cannot emphasize the importance of an essay outline . It is tiring and wasteful to stare at a blank screen while the clock is ticking. Do not underestimate the power of a good essay outline.

An argumentative essay outline helps you plan, structure, organize and compose an essay that will leave your professor with only one option; giving you the full marks or at least the top marks.

We have presented an outline for an argumentative essay elsewhere in this outline; check it and adapt it if necessary.

4. Write your argumentative essay

You now know what falls where and how to present each point with the outline done. You can take a break and begin writing when you are settled. You are like a marathoner who has prepared well; all you have to do is work on your tactic and deliver.

At this argumentative essay writing stage, fill in the blanks in your outline. Trust us; you are ahead of 95% of the students in your class if you have a good outline. Besides, you have conquered and trampled over writer's block because you have almost everything in place.

Write the introduction.

Most students wonder how to start or begin an argumentative essay . Yet, it is the same process for a standard academic essay. The introduction is meant to hook your readers, present the background on the topic, present the thesis, and signpost the ideas in your argumentative essay . The latter is usually practical and effective in extended essays where you need to summarize the organization or structure of your paper.

Write the body paragraphs.

The body paragraph of an argumentative essay is where the whole show takes place. Here is where you develop your arguments in detail, and present evidence, analysis, and reasoning that can convince your readers that your thesis statement is strong, valid, and true.

Assuming you are writing the typical five-paragraph argumentative essay format, it means that you will need to have three well-developed paragraphs. However, you will need more paragraphs for longer essays, which might further be divided into sections, each denoted with headings and subheadings.

For every paragraph, ensure that you tackle a single idea or point. Besides, each paragraph should have a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding statement. The topic sentence contributes to the overall argument and should relate to the thesis. Finally, as you write the paragraphs, ensure that you adequately use the relevant linking words to enrich the flow of your essay.

Suppose, for instance; you choose the Rogerian approach. In that case, you can- in one paragraph, begin by acknowledging the merits of the opposing viewpoints and then highlight the problems or flaws of the opposition. Ensure that your paragraphs adhere to the writing guidelines for efficiency, flow, and coherence.

In the supporting sentences, you can make a claim that links your argument to your thesis statement. Here, you aim to explain how the point validates and fortifies the central message of your essay.

You also need to defend the claim with factual data and supporting evidence. These include logical ideas, elaborations, examples, statistics, and references. Be sure to cite everything as per the preferred citation style. Finally, have a concluding statement summarizing the claim's overall significance to your thesis statement.

Write the conclusion

After writing/developing the body paragraphs, you must write a reasonable conclusion for your argumentative essay. This is the only way to end an argumentative essay. The conclusion summarizes and reflects on your arguments in the body of your essay.

As you indulge in writing your conclusion, take care not to introduce any new ideas. Instead, it would help to restate the thesis � paraphrase it to close the loop, which should be the first sentence of your conclusion. And when doing so, use assertive language so your audience can connect to your authority.

You then need to summarize the sub-arguments in your essay as they are presented in the body paragraphs. Finally, remind your audience of your discussion, scope, and direction in the body paragraphs.

Finally, present an overall concluding statement to end your argumentative essay outline. The concluding statement should be memorable, clear, and concise. It should express the universal significance of the information and let your readers think further beyond just the topic.

5. Edit and Proofread your Argumentative Essay

The final step before submitting for grading is to edit and proofread your essay so that you leave no room for losing marks. Editing should be done after you have taken a break immediately after writing.

You can ask your peer, friend, or parent to read your essay and help you spot the mistakes. Likely enough, if they are keen, you might identify minor or major errors. Alternatively, you can hire an essay proofreader to read your essay and make the necessary adjustments.

The process should technically turn your first draft into a final draft. Focus on grammar, spelling, syntax, flow, linking words, sentences, citations, and general formatting.

Ensure that all the arguments relate to the thesis. Besides, ensure that you have met the specified word count and that your paper is coherent. Your essay should adhere to the paragraphing rules .

Where necessary, re-read the examples and decide whether they make sense or should be replaced or scrapped. Next, assess whether your counterarguments and counterclaims bear the weight they ought to.  Finally, evaluate the conclusion of your essay, and judge if it will leave your readers yearning for more.

And when everything is correct, submit the essay within the deadline. Suppose you cannot complete an argumentative essay on any subject. In that case, our experts at EssayManiacs will help you write a good essay.

How to Title an Argumentative Essay

You might have noticed that we touched on titling your essay somewhere in the guide. The title is vital to an argumentative essay because it creates the first impression. You only have one line to please or entice your readers, so it must be done well.

When selecting a heading for your essay, consider the following tips:

• Ensure that the title is concise, clear, and catchy
• Your title should not exceed 12 words and should not be less than five words
• The title should be straightforward
• Let the title relate to your thesis and topic
• The title you select should reflect the topic of the essay.

Qualities of an Excellent Argumentative Essay

Now that you have all the bells and whistles on the steps and what an argumentative essay is, let's explore the features that can make your argumentative essay stand out from those written by your peers:

• Your arguments should be clearly stated within your thesis statement.
• The thesis statement must be clear, concise, and defined. It should appear in your introduction paragraph.
• Always explain why the topic is important (exigence) in the introduction
• There is a clear and logical transition between the introduction, body, and conclusion paragraphs. Use relevant linking words to create a good flow.
• The body paragraphs must have solid evidence that backs a single idea
• The conclusion should readdress the thesis statement in light of the evidence you have provided in your essay.
• Cite all the information you have used from various sources in your paper.

Final Remarks

We are honored to have you visit our website and our blog page. This article offers some helpful advice on structuring an argumentative essay and some great examples and topics to inspire you to write one for your use. We hope that you have found the information insightful and helpful all together.

As you can see from this definitive guide, writing an argumentative essay entails investigating different sides of a specific issue or topic to inform the readers instead of expressly persuading them as with persuasive essays.

You must demonstrate good research, organization, synthesis/analytical, and critical thinking skills when writing an argumentative essay. In addition, to write a strong paper, you need to have solid arguments and counterarguments supported by substantial evidence.

Finally, if your friends need assistance writing argumentative essays, please share the link to this article. We also have essay tutors who can take you through the process using samples based on instructions from class.

When writing this guide, apart from depending on the experiences and expertise of our essay writers and editors, we also consulted some sources, including:

• Argumentative writing guide by UAGC
• Tips and Tools for Argument Writing by UNC
• Tips and formatting guidelines for argumentative essays
• Steps to organize an argumentative essay
• How to write counterarguments

You can use these sources to expand your knowledge about writing argumentative essays. Nevertheless, our comprehensive guide has all the basics that can equip you to become a pro in argumentative essay writing.

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Outline for an Argumentative Essay: Structure, Tips & Examples

The outline for an argumentative essay is a structured plan that outlines the key points, arguments and evidence that will be presented in an argumentative essay.

It serves as a roadmap for the writer and helps ensure all necessary information is included and presented logically and coherently.

Before we delve any further, here is an argumentative essay definition.

What is an argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay is a written composition that presents a clear and concise argument on a particular topic.

This essay aims to persuade the reader to adopt the writer’s perspective on the discussed issue. The argument is supported by evidence, facts, and examples that are presented in a logical and organized manner.

The writer must also consider and address counterarguments, providing additional evidence to strengthen their argument.

The argumentative essay is a common assignment in many academic settings, as it helps to develop critical thinking skills and communicate an argument effectively.

Choosing a relevant, interesting, debatable topic and conducting thorough research before writing the essay is important.

Creating an outline is a crucial step in the writing process, as it helps to organize the writer’s thoughts and evidence and ensures that the essay is structured and well-supported.

Outline for an argumentative essay: is it important?

The importance of creating an outline for an argumentative essay cannot be overstated. An outline helps to ensure that the argument is well-organized and presented logically and concisely.

Some of the key benefits of creating an outline include the following:

• Clarity and Focus: A good outline for an argumentative essay helps the writer to focus their argument and ensures that they present their ideas clearly and concisely. The outline acts as a roadmap, guiding the writer through the writing process and keeping them on track.
• Evidence and Support: An outline allows the writer to organize their evidence and support logically and effectively. This helps to strengthen the argument and ensures that the essay is well-supported.
• Organization and Structure: An outline helps to ensure that the essay has a clear structure and organization. It provides a clear introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion, which helps the reader to understand and follow the argument.
• Time Management: Creating an outline helps writer manage their time effectively and ensures they do not waste time on irrelevant information or arguments. The outline acts as a guide, helping the writer to focus on the most important points and evidence.

How to create an argumentative essay outline

Step 1: Choose a Topic

• Identify relevant and debatable topics such as the plastic bag ban, gun control, animal testing, etc.
• Research to gather information and facts to support your argument.
• Determine your position on the topic and make sure it is clear and concise.

Step 2: Develop a Thesis Statement

• A thesis statement is the main argument of your essay .
• It should be clear, concise and debatable.
• For example, if your topic is a plastic bag ban, your thesis statement could be “The use of plastic bags should be banned in all grocery stores to reduce environmental pollution.”

Step 3: Organize Your Thoughts and Evidence

• Make a list of the main points that support your thesis statement.
• Provide evidence to support each point, such as statistics, expert opinions, examples and facts.
• Ensure that the evidence is relevant and supports your argument.

Step 4: Create the Outline

Introduction

• Start with a background on the topic.
• Introduce your thesis statement.

Body Paragraph 1

• Present your first main point and provide evidence to support it.

Body Paragraph 2

• Present your second main point and provide evidence to support it.

Body Paragraph 3

• Present your third main point and provide evidence to support it.
• Restate your thesis statement.
• Summarize your main points.
• Provide a final thought or suggestion.

Step 5: Fill in the Outline

• Use the outline to write the argumentative essay.
• Ensure each body paragraph is focused and presents one main point with evidence to support it.
• The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis statement .

Outline for an argumentative essay sample

I. Introduction

A. Background information on plastic bags

B. Thesis statement: The use of plastic bags should be banned in all grocery stores to reduce environmental pollution.

II. Body Paragraph 1

A. The impact of plastic bags on the environment

1. Littering of plastic bags

2. Harm to wildlife

B. Evidence to support the point

1. Statistics on plastic bag litter

2. Studies on the impact of plastic bags on wildlife

III. Body Paragraph 2

A. Alternatives to plastic bags

1. Reusable bags

2. Biodegradable bags

1. Examples of cities that have banned plastic bags

2. The success of reusable bags in reducing plastic waste

IV. Body Paragraph 3

A. Arguments against banning plastic bags

1. Convenience of plastic bags

2. Job loss in the plastic bag industry

1. Surveys on consumer preferences for plastic bags

2. Reports on the impact of plastic bag bans on the plastic bag industry

V . Conclusion

A. Restate thesis statement

B. Summarize main points

C. Final thoughts and suggestions on reducing plastic waste.

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How to Study

How To Write An Argumentative Essay Outline

The abcs of argumentative essay writing format.

Most students get stuck with argumentative essays as they are unaware of the argumentative essay outline. Once you get yourself familiarised with the structure, you can get the hang of the nuances of crafting the content. You can also go through the examples of argumentative essay outlines to get detailed insights on how to present each section.

Read on to know the nitty-gritty of argumentative essays.

What is the correct Argumentative Essay Structure?

To understand the argumentative essay structure fully, we must first have a look at the template. Just like any other essay, it should have the following:

• Introduction - A hook, a debatable thesis statement and a brief overview of the topic
• Body - Different aspects related to the topic under separate subheadings (3 to 5 paragraphs)
• Conclusion - A precise write-up where you must state the thesis statement, call to action, and highlight the future scope of research essay

This is the authentic argumentative essay structure. However, it might vary if your teachers provide instructions on the same.

How to write the Introduction?

If you go through the argumentative essay outline examples available online, you will see that every introduction begins with a catchy sentence. If you want to write an intriguing introduction, here are some of the points you should stick to.

Here, let us assume that the topic of the argumentative essay  is “Will the Solar System Survive the Andromeda and Milky way Galaxy Collision?”

• Hook - You can open with a quote, or a question, or state a statistical figure. For instance: “Are you aware of this miraculous event that is about to occur in 4.5 billion years? Well, the night sky won’t look the same, that’s for sure! Yes, the Andromeda and the Milky Way Galaxy are destined to collide with each other.”
• Thesis Statement - Your thesis statement should be arguable. For this, you have to state your views on the subject matter. For example: "Despite the collision, our Solar System will continue to live on."
• Brief Overview - Here, you have to provide some context on the topic like what do you intend to find out. You should also state why you chose the topic. For instance: “The night sky is full of astonishing nebulae, stars, galaxies. And the interesting aspect is that the universe is never stagnant. Events keep occurring every second. In fact, the Andromeda Galaxy is heading towards our galaxy at 110 Km/s. So, the question that looms large is whether our Solar System will perish or not?"

Hopefully, you will be able to write the introduction now.

What should be in the Body of the Argumentative Essay?

The body of the argumentative essay is the most crucial part. Here, you have to divulge the topic and highlight all the aspects related to it.

If we consider the essay topic mentioned above, you can approach the body in the following way.

• Separate Subheadings

You can create subheadings such as:

• How far are we from each other?
• What will the night sky be like?
• What are the chances that our solar system will continue to exist?
• What do the experts have to say?

When you mention the subheadings, it becomes easy for you to arrange the word count. You can also get a clear picture of what you must cover under each subheading.

• Citation of Resources

You must back up your statements with appropriate resources. You must cite sources from blog posts, websites, journals, etc. If you read examples of argumentative essay outlines, you will see citations in the text as well as in the reference list.

• Inserting Bullet Points

To improve visibility, you must include bullet points. It will also help the readers go through the important statements.

If you abide by the guidelines stated above, it will be easy for you to tackle the trickiest part of the argumentative essay.

An Example of Argumentative Essay Conclusion Outline

If you want to achieve proficiency in ending the argumentative essay on a strong note, you have to go through several samples. Check out the examples of argumentative essay conclusion outline.

As far as the above-mentioned topic is concerned, you have to highlight the crucial points of the essay. Restate the thesis statement and ask your readers to conduct further study into the matter (call-to-action).

And, in case you find that there is a gap in the research, you can state that further research needs to be conducted. With this, you have to conclude the essay.

Example of Argumentative Essay Outline

Unless you write, you won’t be able to get a grasp of the concepts. So, you must now focus on executing what you have learned so far. To ensure that you don't face any issues while writing, you can go through the examples highlighted below. You will notice that the argumentative essay outline is the same mentioned above.

 Let us assume that the topic is "Video Games Promote Violence", and the word limit is 450.

As per a survey, 75% of gamers  report that video games offer them the much-needed respite in their stressful, mundane life. Although, the statistics are oddly in favour of the FIFA and Call of Duty players, has anyone considered the long-term implications? Unrestrained video games lead to mental issues and, in some cases, to violence too. However, this depends on the choice of games.

Just picture this. A child in his/her formative years spends a lot of time playing an assassin or a covert operative. Can you imagine his or her mindset when they grow up? Even adolescents or young adults, who are matured enough, will be severely impacted by the first-person shooting games, or competitive racing games.

He or she will always be on edge, agitated, depressed, and, in some cases, develop the mentality to harm someone. Many schools and university students are found to be way more aggressive and lack the minimum decency to talk to others with respect.

Not to forget that some of the games are unnecessarily graphic, which can be construed as “gory” or “obscene”. When young children are exposed to such games, they usually get the wrong impression. Moreover, they also get access to “adults only” games which are harmful to them at that age.  

Several Instances  

There are games like Snake vs Block that can be played by the children in their leisure time. Some of these games stimulate cognitive functioning, as per a scientific study. But games that portray negativity towards other religions, races, and personalities should not be promoted. In fact, there have been protests against such games.

People have expressed objection against “Grand Theft Auto” for promotion of ‘drive-by assault ’ , indecent acts, and much more. Call of Duty: Black Ops II has been criticized for the unacceptable depiction of Arab and Islamic nations. Games like these promote hatred against a particular race or nation. In some cases, such games even lead to sexual offenses.  

There are various instances like mass shootings at schools and malls. These include the Munich Olympia Mall shooting, Suzano School shooting, and Halle synagogue shooting. In every case, the perpetrators were found to have an affinity for violent video games.  

Due to the increasing number of gaming-related issues, the WHO had to include "gaming disorder" in its huge classification list of diseases. Furthermore, there should be proper awareness of the problem so that everybody is educated on the same.

In conclusion, it can be said that one has to be responsible if they indulge in violent games. There should be a restriction as to the number of hours children should invest in playing video games. And parents should keep an eye out for their child.

Hopefully, you will be able to come up with engaging content of your own. You just have to search for the trending topics, and you are all set.

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A strong outline for an argumentative essay should include an unambiguous thesis `statement and a comprehensive layout to help you organise your ideas, research and the placement of your arguments. In light of the possible counterclaims, a detailed structure helps you in planning solid rebuttals and it enables you to write a definite conclusion encapsulating the core of your claim.

Find Argumentative Essay Examples here

A well-balanced argumentative essay helps you authenticate your claim by using substantial research in favour of your arguments and also refute the counter arguments of the opposing side.

How to Devise an Argumentative Essay Structure 

There is no fixed formula of designing the layout of an argumentative essay as unlike other types of essay, this genre of writing is more complex and demands flexibility in accordance to the topic chosen. 

Mostly, there are five paragraphs in a simple argumentative essay.

Introduction: The introductory paragraph outlines the staunch stance of the writer through a precise and irrefutable topic sentence. This paragraph should end with the thesis statement and the outline of the evidence presented in the following paragraphs to support the claim. The introductory paragraph serves as the launching pad, and it must present a precise version of the entire essay.

Thesis statement: The thesis statement encapsulates the central idea of an essay or a research paper. The style in which the thesis statement is usually written varies according to the type of essay. Sometimes, a thesis statement is a precise and strong-worded claim. Other times, it is a short paragraph which starts with a question; that question can help a writer analyse a prompt and develop a claim for an argumentative essay. 

Body Paragraphs: In argumentative essays, there are usually three paragraphs which carry the defence of the claim. Ideally, each paragraph has to present one argument in favour of the thesis statement . The argument should be backed with evidence, which includes research, surveys, examples and case studies. The body paragraphs also address the possible counterclaims made by the opposing side. 

A question might arise in the writer’s mind, “how does an effective argumentative essay address counterclaims?” the answer to this question is that the writer must include a counterargument and then explain why it is a weak claim. In order to refute an opposing argument, the writer must authenticate it by presenting evidence. 

Conclusion: The last paragraph of the argumentative essay must reinforce and support the claim made in the thesis statement. The writer is also expected to add the summarised version of the arguments they made throughout the essay. The writer must avoid giving away any new evidence or arguments. However, they must outline the significance of the topic chosen, and they may share any personal account which adds weight to the concluding remarks.

Classic Argumentative Essay Outline 

Introduction:.

• Start with a hook to inspire the reader to follow you until the end.
• Provide background information; this information must lead the reader to your claim.
• Present your thesis statement and explain why you have that position.

Body Paragraphs: 

• In the first body paragraph, present the less complex argument and at least three empirical reasons to support it. After providing the evidential support, link them with your argument again and conclude. 
• Present your second argument and provide research to back it up. Preferably, give one argument in each paragraph and defend it. 
• In this paragraph, address the opposing views. 
• Present the first counterargument and explain their stance.
• Identify the weakness of their position.
• Refute the counterclaim with the help of evidence.
• Retain your stance.
• If there is a need, add one more paragraph to address counterclaims.

Conclusion: 

• Preserve your stance and reinforce the thesis statement.
• Refrain from introducing any new arguments or evidence.
• Wrap it up with a strong concluding statement.

How does the Structure Vary with Different Formats of Argumentative Essays?

Due to the complex nature of argumentative essays, there is no fixed structure to format an argumentative essay. Apart from a typical argumentative essay structure which has been explained in detail earlier. There are two other formats of argumentative essay, Toulmin and Rogerian, both of these formats significantly alter the structure of an argumentative essay. 

Toulmin: This format is opted when the chosen topic has a strong opposing side. It allows us to hinge both sides together when it is difficult to pick one side with absolute clarity. 

• You are required to state your claim then present arguments backed with evidence. Relate the evidence with your claim in order to prove validity. 
• Present additional evidence and also highlight the limitations of your argument in the light of the counterclaims.
• Highlight the weak links of the opposing argument to the claim and provide rebuttal on the basis of your findings.

Toulmin Argumentative Essay Outline 

• Start with a hook.
• Shed light on the topic and its significance.
• Present your thesis statement.

Body Paragraphs:

• Start the first body paragraph with the most complex argument and provide supporting data.
• In the second paragraph, provide more justification to support your claim to authenticate and present more research. It would be best to highlight the weak links of your claim argument, too.
• Add more arguments to validate your claim and back it up with data.
• In this paragraph, Address contradictory views and discuss their merits fairly. Present your rebuttals to refute the counterclaims.

Conclusion:

• Retain your stance and endorse all the supporting evidence to your claim.
• Reinforce your rebuttals and highlight the weakness of the opposing side
• Give a strong and reaffirming closing statement.

This format is used when there is no losing side of the claim. The writer is expected to view both sides as two sides of the same coin.

• First, introduce the argument and elaborate the opposing point of view. Explain why it is valid.
• Present your position and explain why you have that stance.
• Find a common ground between the two sides and add validity to both sides.
• Highlight the grey areas which need further research while you conclude your arguments. 

Rogerian Argumentative Essay Outline 

Introduction.

• State the issue which needs a solution and explain it with all the relevant information.
• Shed light on how you would like to see it resolved and what solution the opposing side came up with.

Body Paragraphs

• In the first body paragraph, add the opposing view and provide evidence to support their point of view. You should add or refute your remark if you have found evidence against it.
• You should add weight to the opposing view and explain how they are in the right to make those arguments. Authenticate their reasons with research.
• Now, present your views and justify your position with the help of data. With each of your arguments, add research to validate your arguments. 
• In this paragraph, highlight the common ground between your views and the opposing side. Explain how both sides must be part of the solution.
• Express your regard for the opposing side and their contribution to resolving the issue.
• Retain your position and explain how a collaborative approach would minimise the limitations of both sides.
• Conclude on a positive note.

Structuring an argumentative essay can be very challenging as there is no correct way to do it. The structure of the essay varies with the topic, arguments, counterclaims and format of an argumentative essay. A well-constructed structure will enable the writer to present their claim and arguments in the best possible manner.

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Sample outline for an Argumentative Essay

I.          INTRODUCTION

A.        Lead-In;  Suggested Options to Choose From:

Quotation(s)

Question(s)

Anecdote (from your experience or reading)

Myths ("Most people think that . . . ; but in fact . . .)

Reference to text (e.g., one of the essays)

Statistics, Quick Background to Issue

B.        Thesis - YOUR position on the controversy

II.         BODY

A.        --Definitions, Background Information (e.g., e.g., for a paper on day-labor centers: what is a day-labor center, where did this practice start, how long has this practice been in existence); not too much of this, just enough so that the reader has a clear understanding of the issue);

--This is also a place for you to lay out any implicit values that need to be made explicit and defended: e.g., all workers, whatever their legal status, need to have their rights protected; or, the government should only be protecting the rights of citizens and legal immigrants)

B.        Acknowledgment of perspective(s) other than your position; succinct summary of opposing position, with good quotes

C.        Reason #1:  First Major Sub-Argument or Area of Evidence Supporting Your Position

(Topic sentence followed by support, including quotes and paraphrases from sources)

D.        Reason #2:  Second Major Sub-Argument or Area of Evidence Supporting Your Position (Topic sentence followed by support, including quotes and paraphrases from sources)

E.         Reason #3  Third Major Sub-Argument or Area of Evidence Supporting Your Position

(In ordering your sub-arguments and evidence, think about moving to your strongest argument or piece of evidence; think also of moving from rational appeal to emotional appeal, then culminating in ethical ((values)) appeal)

III. CONCLUSION

A.        Recommendations and Conclusions

B.        Restate argument in light of material covered above. Show once and for all how the the evidence lead to the conclusion, the recommended course of action.

C.        Lead-out; Suggested Options to choose from:

Look to the future

Return to subject of lead-in and now look to a better future

Excellent final quote

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Argumentative Essay Guide

Argumentative Essay Outline

Last updated on: Feb 9, 2023

How to Create a Strong Argumentative Essay Outline?

By: Jared P.

Reviewed By: Jacklyn H.

Published on: Oct 29, 2019

Don’t know how to create a strong outline for a convincing argumentative essay?

The outline for an argumentative essay is similar to other types of essays. These include informative essays, persuasive essays, compare and contrast essays, etc.

The outline for almost all types of essays includes an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. To start writing an impactful argumentative essay , you need a topic broad enough to create a strong argument.

In this article, you will learn how to develop a 5 paragraph argumentative essay outline.

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How to Create an Argumentative Essay Outline?

The standard argumentative essay outline includes the following elements.

Argumentative Essay Introduction

The introduction of your essay is the first thing your reader will see. This is where you provide the reader with the proper background information, educating them about your topic. The reader will decide from the very first sentence if he wants to continue reading your essay further or not.

The opening line of an essay is a hook that sticks the reader to the essay. If the introduction is not interesting, the reader might not continue with the essay.

Here are the key points you should keep in mind while writing the introduction of your argumentative essay.

• Start With a Hook

Start your introduction with an interesting hook that engages your readers and wants them to stick to your essay. It is not necessary that you have to write an entire paragraph as the hook of your essay.

A single interesting sentence also counts as a hook. You can start your essay with an interesting fact, anecdote, funny story, statistics, or a controversial statement.

The hook you choose depends on the nature of the paper that you’re writing and your audience. Whatever you choose to write, make sure it is catchy to grab the attention of readers.

Check out this article to learn some interesting hook examples and their different types.

• Explain Your Point of View

Now you have to develop your thoughts related to the topic and explain the significance of the topic to the readers. Explain this part of your essay according to your personal knowledge in a couple of lines in the introductory paragraph.

You can also present the background information on your topic. Making sure that the reader knows what will be discussed throughout the paper. Be careful when sharing information at this stage, as you don’t want to bombard the reader with too much data.

• Write Down Your Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is the crux of your entire essay written at the end of the introductory paragraph. Write down a strong and clear thesis statement that can be backed by a supportive argument and evidence.

The thesis statement of your essay should explain the main point and purpose of writing your essay.

Your entire essay revolves around the thesis; the body paragraphs present information and evidence to defend your thesis.

Follow the tips mentioned above to write an interesting introduction for your argumentative essay.

It is no surprise that the introduction of any essay holds the most importance. If you start on the wrong foot, the entire essay, along with your hard work, goes in vain.

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Argumentative Essay Introduction Examples

To know more about writing a catchy introduction, review the following argumentative essay introduction examples.

• After the terrorist attack on World Trade Towers on September 11, 2001, racial profiling was increased. According to the authorities, profiling is the only way to identify terrorists. Some airports started targeting people from a Middle-Eastern background, creating concern about the violation of civil rights. This tactic of screening didn’t seem to work, which made the authorities recommend the use of the National ID card. If every citizen carries his ID card along, it will make the screening process easier. And it will not target individuals based on their looks.
• Nowadays, students wake up, check their phones, get ready and leave instantly for school or college without any breakfast. Some might believe that having breakfast is not essential to start their day with a healthy meal. Studies have shown that breakfast is the essential meal of your day, especially for students.
• Most of the public workers around the globe are not given the right to freedom of expression. Not even when they are made to work day and night, violating their working rights. Lack of freedom of expression decreases their morale to perform well at work. Enforcing their right to strike and to speak against such violations will encourage them. Countries all over the world should encourage their workers to go on strike and speak out.

Argumentative Essay Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs of an argumentative essay hold the following significant components.

• Counter-argument

Each body paragraph should contain a topic sentence that should then be explained in the paragraph with supporting details.

To present a strong argument, you can separate paragraphs to support or negate the thesis statement.

Present your arguments with supporting evidence to support your claim in one paragraph. Remember that you can’t just state your opinions about a particular issue or subject. To make a strong argument and change people's points of view, you must convince them using strong, authentic facts.

Present the opposing argument in the other paragraph by researching both points of view. Presenting both stances will strengthen the argument created in the essay. Refuting the counterargument will make yours seem more valid.

Another approach can be that first, you can use all the evidence to support your argument. After presenting your side of the argument, you can write a paragraph to refute the opposing side.

There is not a rule that should be applied when it comes to presenting an argument. The choice is yours. Make a decision and go for the method that would be easier for you while presenting your case to the readers.

Just be mindful when collecting the evidence. Only look for credible sources. Let’s look at this example of a claim and its supporting evidence.

Claim:   Closing down fast-food chains can control the number of obese kids in the United States.

Evidence: “A ccording to the analysis of several studies in 2017, it is shown that the percentage of obese kids has increased 11 times from the year 1975. ”

Argumentative Essay Conclusion

The last component of a simple argumentative essay outline in the concluding paragraph. Your conclusion needs to be strong to provide closure to the entire argument presented in your essay.

The goal of a conclusion is to make the readers realize why you picked this topic and how significant it is. Restate your thesis statement and your stance on the topic in conclusion.

A strong conclusion leaves a strong impact on readers. This is the part that your reader will remember once he finishes reading the essay. End your essay with an impactful conclusion so that the audience understands and agrees with your point of view.

Argumentative Essay Conclusion Examples

Here are some argumentative essay conclusion examples to further clarify how to write the conclusion.

• Physical punishment might be an effective way to discipline kids. However, parents should avoid using this method to a maximum extent. We live in a world where there is already enough violence around us. We don’t need any more of it, and that should start from home. Teach your children to be responsible without using violence.
• Hence, we cannot say that adults are better learners than children. This quality may vary depending on the enthusiasm and motivational level. The learning capability of an individual cannot be generalized according to their age.
• Sports play an important role in maintaining health. We will have a healthier society if people involve themselves in sports. However, we need to make sure that the sports we are playing are not threatening our lives. They should be challenging yet exciting.

Now you know everything there is about an argumentative essay outline. To make it easier for you, we have an argumentative essay outline sample to guide you through your essay.

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Argumentative Essay Outline Examples

Here, you can find a sample argumentative essay outline pdf that you can follow to craft a perfect argumentative essay. You can also find numerous argumentative essay examples online for help.

To make writing an outline of an argumentative essay easier, we have also attached a worksheet below. Complete it carefully, and you will master the art of argumentative writing.

Argumentative Essay Outline Worksheet

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If you follow this guideline and the argumentative essay outline sample provided above, the writing process will become simpler. You can easily find some interesting and attention-grabbing argumentative essay topics online for a great start. Regardless of the essay topic, you will end up with a high-quality essay if you follow a proper guide.

While following an outline is important for writing argumentative essays, other essential steps must also be followed.

If you still need help, you can always contact a professional essay writer who will help you write a great essay.

At 5StarEssays.com, we can provide you with the best and on-time ‘ write essay for me? ’ help. Reach out to us and get the best essay writing help from experts.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main goal of an argumentative essay.

The key purpose of writing an argumentative essay is to establish your position and support it with evidence and reasons.

Can you start an argumentative essay with a question?

Yes, you can either start your essay with a thesis statement or a rhetorical question.

How does evidence help an argumentative essay?

In an argumentative essay, evidence could be a fact, documentation, or testimony. It helps in strengthening the claims presented in the essay.

Masters Essay, Literature

Jared P. is a renowned author and writing service provider with over fifteen years of experience in the publishing industry. He has a Ph.D. degree in English Literature and has spent his entire career helping students achieve their academic goals by providing expert writing assistance.

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22+ Sample Argumentative Essay In MS Word | Google Docs | Google Slides | PowerPoint | Illustrator | PDF

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Argumentative Essay Writing

Argumentative Essay Outline

Learn How to Write an Argumentative Essay Outline

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It's the night before the essay is due, and you haven't even started. Your mind is blank, and you have no idea what words will persuade your teacher. 

The good news is that some tips and tricks can make the process of writing an argumentative essay much easier.

In this blog, we'll break down the components of an argumentative essay and provide helpful tips and examples along the way. By the end, you should have all the guidelines to create a winning essay that will persuade your readers.

Let's take a closer look at all these steps.

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How to Write an Argumentative Essay Outline?

An argumentative essay outline is a plan through which the writer works and organizes the raw data. An outline provides a track to follow for your papers and essays. 

The outline helps you stick to the critical things making sure that you did not miss important information in the content. 

Outlining might confuse you if you have never developed one before. However, once you know how to create one, it will be a lot easier to draft a perfect argumentative essay. 

An argumentative essay consists of several equally important parts. These sections individually state the topic, arguments, evidence and supporting statements, etc. 

The significant parts of an argumentative essay outline are:

• Introduction 
• Body Paragraphs
• Conclusion 

Creating each section systematically is a fundamental requirement of an outline. Learn how to make each part of the outline professionally in the following area. 

Argumentative Essay Introduction

Just like any other academic writing, you need a foundation on which to build your essay. An introduction is the foundation of your essay. 

A proper and perfect essay introduction will make your paper flawless and vice-versa. 

An introduction of an argumentative essay includes a hook, background information, and a thesis statement. 

A hook is an opening statement of the essay’s introduction. It serves the purpose of grabbing the reader’s attention toward the content. 

A hook can be a quotation, anecdote, question, funny/sarcastic statement, fact, statistic, etc.

For example, the major cause of obesity in the United States is fast food. 

• Background Information

Here you present some background information about the topic. The background information should answer the following questions:

• What is the issue you are going to talk about?
• Who is your audience?
• Where is the selected issue prevalent?
• Why is the issue important to be discussed?
• Thesis Statement 

It is the last sentence of your introduction that is the focal point of your essay. It introduces the readers to the topic’s main argument. Then, it states the writer’s position and stands in the essay. 

Support your thesis statement in the body paragraphs of an essay to persuade the audience. 

Argumentative Essay Body Paragraphs

After the introductory paragraphs are written, the next part is the body of the argumentative essay. 

This part of the essay is essential to be structured well as it contains all the claims and pieces of evidence. 

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For essays like an argumentative essays, it is imperative to make your claim in writing. A claim, or the core argument, is the basis of your entire essay. If you want your essay to be right in quality, make sure that the claims made are strong. 

You can support your claim with strong evidence. 

The purpose of making a claim is to define the:

• Support your request and the basic argument

In the main body, present your claim in the topic sentence . And let the audience know what the specific paragraph is about. However, also show your point of view.

Making a claim in an argumentative essay is not enough. Making people believe your stance is what the objective of the writer is. 

For this purpose, you need to support your argument with evidence and supporting facts. 

You have to clear your position as a writer by providing relevant stuff showing your claims’ validity and accuracy. 

The reality of your claim entirely depends on the credibility and reliability of the facts you provide. 

There are five types of evidence that are used to prove the preliminary thesis statement:

• Real-life examples
• Authorities
• Hypothetical situations 
• Include an Opponent’s Argument 

While collecting information for your essay, students often ignore the opposing arguments. 

When writing an argumentative essay, a writer shouldn’t just talk about his claim and support it with evidence. 

After providing evidence for your claim, identify and include opposing views and counter-arguments and debunk them. 

There is always another side to the argument. Use evidence to disprove these opposing sides and arguments. 

Argumentative Essay Conclusion

The last part of the writing process of the outline is the conclusion . Now that you have adequately structured the introduction and the body paragraphs, it’s time to conclude your essay. 

The power of a conclusion is often underestimated. If the ending is vague, abrupt, and not good, your whole essay will be a waste. 

The following things conclude an argumentative essay:

• Restating your thesis statement.
• Summarizing basic arguments.
• Recommending a course of action to the readers. 

Make sure that the length of the conclusion is the same as the introduction. Short and precise conclusions are effective. 

In conclusion, a writer should never introduce new ideas and extra information. 

A precise and direct conclusion will increase the quality of your essay to extremes. 

For essays like these, personal knowledge is not enough. You always have to research the essay topic and subject chosen to make healthy and valid points. Gather facts and accurate information to make your essay effective and credible. 

Types of Arguments

When it comes to constructing an argument for your essay, there are several types of arguments you can use. These include 

Rogerian Argument

The Rogerian argument is based on the assumption that two sides of an issue can both be right. 

This type of argument encourages the writer to look at both sides of the issue.

Rogerian Argumentative Essay Outline Template

Toulmin Argument

The Toulmin argument is one of the most popular types of arguments used in essay writing.

This type of argument follows a specific structure. It begins with an introduction, then presents evidence and draws conclusions based on that evidence. 

Toulmin Argumentative Essay Outline Template

Classical Argument

A classical argument is a traditional approach to constructing an argument. 

This structure involves setting up your opinion, presenting opposing arguments, and refuting those arguments. After that, you can reiterate your point of view in a conclusion.

Classical Argumentative Essay Outline Template

Check out this amazing informative video to learn more!

Argumentative Essay Outline Examples

The outline used to write an argumentative essay can also be used for persuasive essay writing . A few outline examples of an argumentative essay outline are given below: 

Argumentative Essay Outline PDF

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Summing it up, your whole argumentative essay depends on the outline you make for it. So the outline for your essay should be detailed and direct to make your essay persuasive and readable. 

Are you searching for the best essay writing service to tackle your academic challenges? Look no further!

Our argumentative essay writing service is specifically designed to provide you with well-researched, compellingly written essays that stand out. With a team of experienced writers and a commitment to quality, we ensure each essay is tailored to meet your individual needs.

But that's not all - we also offer an innovative AI essay generator . This cutting-edge tool uses the latest AI technology to help streamline your essay writing process, making it faster, easier, and more efficient. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the 4 parts of an argumentative essay.

The four main parts of an argumentative essay are: 

• Introduction 
• Thesis statement 
• Main body paragraphs 
• Conclusion 

What are good topics to write an argumentative essay?

Here are some good argumentative essay topics. 

• Should self-driving cars be legal? 
• Should video games be a sport? 
• All students must wear a uniform in high school. 
• Is the cost of college too high? 
• Is globalization a good thing? 

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30 Lesson Plan Examples for Every Grade Level and Subject

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Writing lessons might be a fun activity for you (all the things you’ll do!) or it may be a necessary evil (so many boxes to fill). Either way, it’s an important part of teaching and can make or break your week, month, and year. Whether you’re a brand-new teacher or an experienced educator looking for some new ideas, these lesson plan examples offer inspiration for every subject and every grade level.

Lesson Plan Sections

Preschool lesson plan examples, elementary school lesson plan examples, middle and high school lesson plan examples.

Many lesson plans include some or all of the following sections.

• Objective : These should be specific and measurable. Often they align with Common Core or other learning standards.
• Materials: List any items you’ll need, including worksheets or handouts, school supplies, etc.
• Activities: This is usually the longest section, where you’ll lay out what the lesson and its activities look like. Some teachers write these in great detail. Others include just an overview to help them plan.
• Assessment: How will you assess your students’ learning? This could be a formal assessment or something simple like an exit ticket. ( Get lots of formative assessment ideas here. )
• Differentiation: Describe how you’ll vary the level of difficulty for students at all levels, including any enrichment for early finishers.

Some people think preschool is just playtime, but pre-K teachers know better! Here are some of the ways preschool teachers plan for their lessons.

Weekly Lesson Plan

Venngage/pre-K lesson plan via Venngage.com

Weekly preschool lesson planning helps you plan each day and ensure you’re tackling all the most important skills.

Learn more: Venngage Pre-K Weekly Lesson Plan Template

Pre-K Theme Lesson Plan

Pre-K Printable Fun/Caterpillar and Butterfly Lesson Plan via PreKPrintableFun.com

If you like to plan by theme, try a template like this. It includes space for a variety of activities that fit your topic.

Learn more: Pre-K Printable Fun

Alphabet Letter Lesson Plan

This Crafty Mom/Letter S Lesson Plan via ThisCraftyMom.com

If you’re focusing on a new letter of the alphabet each week, try lesson planning like this. You can see the week at a glance, including all the materials and books you’ll need.

Learn more: Alphabet Letter Lesson Plan by This Crafty Mom

Centers Lesson Plan

Pocket of Preschool/Centers Lesson Plans via PocketofPreschool.com

Your centers need some planning too! Whether you change them out weekly, monthly, or as needed, use plans like these to stay prepared.

Learn more: Pocket of Preschool

Weekly Unit Lesson Plan

This Crafty Mom/weather unit lessons via ThisCraftyMom.com

Adding pops of color and a few images can make it easier to locate the lesson plan you’re looking for in a snap!

Learn more: Weekly Weather Unit Lesson Plan by This Crafty Mom

Since elementary teachers tackle multiple subjects every day, their lesson plans might look like a general overview. Or they may prepare more detailed lesson plans for each topic to help them stay on track. The choice is up to you.

Weekly Overview Lesson Plan

Mrs. Jones Creation Station/lesson plan example via MrsJonesCreationStation.com

Don’t be afraid to write out your lesson plans by hand! A side-by-side setup like this lets you see a whole week at once. We love the use of color to highlight special things like fire drills.

Learn more: Mrs. Jones Creation Station

Yearlong Schedule

Planning a whole year may seem daunting, but it can show you where you’re going to need to stretch a unit and where you can circle back and review. Mrs. D from Mrs. D’s Corner has ideas on how to structure a yearlong lesson plan using Google Sheets.

Learn more: Mrs. D’s Corner

Guided Math Lesson Plan

Tunstall’s Teaching Tidbits/Guided Math lesson plan example via TunstallsTeachingTidbits.com

This example on adding three numbers together can be altered to fit any math lesson plan.

Learn more: Tunstall’s Teaching Tidbits

Art Lesson Plan

Artsy Blevs/lesson plans via TeachandShoot.com

While these are elementary art lesson plan examples, you can easily use this style for teaching art at upper levels too.

Learn more: Artsy Blevs

Special Education Lesson Plans

The Bender Bunch/lesson plan example via TheBenderBunch.com

Lesson planning for special education looks different than general classroom lessons in that the lessons have to cover specific IEP goals and include lots and lots of progress monitoring. The Bender Bunch starts each lesson with independent work (read: IEP practice) and then heads into mini-lessons and group work.

Learn more: The Bender Bunch

Interactive Read-Aloud Plan

The Colorful Apple/interactive read-aloud lesson plan example via TheColorfulApple.com

Interactive read-alouds aren’t something that should be “on the fly.” The Colorful Apple explains how to choose a book, get to know it, and get ready to teach it. Once you’re in the book, sticky notes may be the best lesson-planning tool you have for marking questions and vocabulary words you want to point out to students.

Learn more: The Colorful Apple

Social Studies Lesson Plan

Mrs. Jones’s Class/social studies lesson plan example via MrsJonessClass.com

Including images of your anchor charts is a great idea! That way, you can pull one out and have it ready to go in advance.

Learn more: Mrs. Jones’s Class

5E Lesson Plan for Elementary School

What I Have Learned Teaching/example from 5E lesson planning via WhatIHaveLearnedTeaching.com

The 5Es stand for Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaborate, Evaluate. This type of lesson planning can be helpful for students as they work through each of the 5Es related to the topic you’re studying.

Learn more: What I Have Learned Teaching

Science Lesson Plans

Venngage/Science lesson plan example via Venngage.com

If you like to plan your lessons in more detail, take a look at this elementary science lesson plan example.

Learn more: Venngage Science Lesson Plan Template

Reading Groups Lesson Plan

First Grade Fairy Tales/reading groups lesson plan via TheFirstGradeFairyTales.com

Lots of elementary schools have differentiated reading groups. Use a template like this one to plan for each one, all on one page.

Learn more: The First Grade Fairy Tales

P.E. Lesson Plan

American Coaching Academy/P.E. lesson plan via AmericanCoachingAcademy.com

Gym teachers will love this lesson plan idea, which includes directions for playing the games.

Learn more: American Coaching Academy

Music Class Lesson Plan

Victoria Boler/music lesson plan via VictoriaBoler.com

Plan out the skills and songs you’ll need for a meaningful music class with a lesson plan like this one.

Learn more: Victoria Boler

At the middle and high school levels, teachers often need more detailed plans for each class, which they may teach multiple times a day. Here are some examples to try.

Google Sheets Lesson Plans

Busy Miss Beebe/Google sheets lesson plan example via BusyMissBeebe.com

Google Sheets (or Excel) is terrific for lesson planning! Create a new tab for each week, unit, or class.

Learn more: Busy Miss Beebe

Weekly History Plan

Teachers Pay Teachers/Coaching History lesson plan via TeachersPayTeachers.com

This example shows how you can plan out a week’s worth of lessons at once, and see the entire week all in one spot. This example is for history, but you could use this for math, ELA, or social studies too.

Learn more: Coaching History on Teachers Pay Teachers

Outline and Pacing Guide Lesson Plan

Read it. Write it. Learn it./pacing guide example via ReadItWriteItLearnIt.com

A pacing guide or outline works for both you and your students. Share it at the beginning of a unit to let them know what’s ahead.

Learn more: Read it. Write it. Learn it.

5E Lessons in Middle and High School

Teach Science With Fergy/5E lesson plan via TeachScienceWithFergy.com

5E lesson plans (Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaborate, Evaluate) are great for middle and high school as well. This example is for science, but you can use the 5E structure across all lessons.

Learn more: Teach Science With Fergy

Math Intervention Plans

Lindsay Gould/middle school math lesson plan via TeachersPayTeachers.com

When students are in math intervention, they’re reviewing material they learned last week or last year. Lesson plans need to provide time for them to activate their prior knowledge (and make sure they’re remembering it all correctly) before reteaching and practice.

Buy it: Teachers Pay Teachers

The Sticky-Note Lesson Plan

The Wise & Witty Teacher/sticky note planner via WiseWittyTeacher.com

At some point, you’ll know what students are doing each day, you’ll just need some reminders for questions to ask and key points to cover. The nice thing about using sticky notes for lesson planning is if you get ahead or behind schedule, you can move the entire sticky note lesson to another day.

Learn more: The Wise & Witty Teacher

Read more ways to use sticky notes in the classroom .

Backwards Planning Lesson Plan

Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching/Understanding by Design lesson plan example via cft.vanderbilt.edu

If your school uses Understanding by Design or other backwards planning, you’ll be thinking about the outcome first and working back from there (rather than forward from an activity or task). Backwards planning lesson plans are intensive, but they’re also something you can use over and over, modifying them slightly for each group of students you have.

Learn more: Vanderbilt Center for Teaching

Visual Arts Lesson Plan

Venngage/visual art lesson plan example via Venngage.com

Detailed lesson plans take longer to prepare, but they make it easier on the day (especially if you wind up needing a sub).

Learn more: Venngage Visual Arts Lesson Plan Template

ESL or Foreign Language Lesson Plan

TeachEnglishAbroad.co/ESL lesson plan via TeachEnglishAbroad.co

Whether you’re teaching English as a second language (ESL) or a foreign language to English speakers, this lesson plan style is perfect.

Learn more: Teaching English Abroad

Music Lesson Plan

Melody Soup/lesson plan example via MelodySoup.Blogspot.com

Use a lesson plan like this for choir, orchestra, band, or individual music lessons.

Learn more: Melody Soup

Blended Learning Lesson Plan

Hot Lunch Tray/blended learning lesson plan example via HotLunchTray.com

If your instruction includes both computer-based and in-person elements, this lesson plan idea might be just what you need.

Learn more: Hot Lunch Tray

One-Sentence Lesson Plan

Norman Eng/Introducing the One-Sentence Lesson Plan via CultofPedagogy.com

This kind of lesson planning isn’t for everyone, but the extreme simplicity works well for some. Describe what students will learn, how they will learn it, and how they’ll demonstrate their knowledge.

Learn more: Cult of Pedagogy

Need more help with lesson planning? Come ask for ideas on the WeAreTeachers HELPLINE group on Facebook !

Plus, check out 40 ways to make time for more creativity in your lesson plans ..

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What’s the Israel-Palestine conflict about? A simple guide

It’s killed tens of thousands of people and displaced millions. And its future lies in its past. We break it down.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has claimed tens of thousands of lives and displaced many millions of people and has its roots in a colonial act carried out more than a century ago.

With Israel declaring war on the Gaza Strip after an unprecedented attack by the armed Palestinian group Hamas on Saturday, the world’s eyes are again sharply focused on what might come next.

Keep reading

From hubris to humiliation: the 10 hours that shocked israel from hubris to humiliation: the 10 hours ..., fears of a ground invasion of gaza grow as israel vows ‘mighty vengeance’ fears of a ground invasion of gaza grow ..., ‘my voice is our lifeline’: gaza journalist and family amid israel bombing ‘my voice is our lifeline’: gaza ....

Hamas fighters have killed more than 800 Israelis in assaults on multiple towns in southern Israel. In response, Israel has launched a bombing campaign in the Gaza Strip, killing more than 500 Palestinians. It has mobilised troops along the Gaza border, apparently in preparation for a ground attack. And on Monday, it announced a “total blockade” of the Gaza Strip, stopping the supply of food, fuel and other essential commodities to the already besieged enclave in an act that under international law amounts to a war crime.

But what unfolds in the coming days and weeks has its seed in history.

For decades, Western media outlets, academics, military experts and world leaders have described the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as intractable, complicated and deadlocked.

Here’s a simple guide to break down one of the world’s longest-running conflicts:

What was the Balfour Declaration?

• More than 100 years ago, on November 2, 1917, Britain’s then-foreign secretary, Arthur Balfour, wrote a letter addressed to Lionel Walter Rothschild, a figurehead of the British Jewish community.
• The letter was short – just 67 words – but its contents had a seismic effect on Palestine that is still felt to this day.
• It committed the British government to “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people” and to facilitating “the achievement of this object”. The letter is known as the Balfour Declaration .
• In essence, a European power promised the Zionist movement a country where Palestinian Arab natives made up more than 90 percent of the population.
• A British Mandate was created in 1923 and lasted until 1948. During that period, the British facilitated mass Jewish immigration – many of the new residents were fleeing Nazism in Europe – and they also faced protests and strikes. Palestinians were alarmed by their country’s changing demographics and British confiscation of their lands to be handed over to Jewish settlers.

What happened during the 1930s?

• Escalating tensions eventually led to the Arab Revolt, which lasted from 1936 to 1939.
• In April 1936, the newly formed Arab National Committee called on Palestinians to launch a general strike, withhold tax payments and boycott Jewish products to protest British colonialism and growing Jewish immigration.
• The six-month strike was brutally repressed by the British, who launched a mass arrest campaign and carried out punitive home demolitions , a practice that Israel continues to implement against Palestinians today.
• The second phase of the revolt began in late 1937 and was led by the Palestinian peasant   resistance movement, which targeted British forces and colonialism.
• By the second half of 1939, Britain had massed 30,000 troops in Palestine. Villages were bombed by air, curfews imposed, homes demolished, and administrative detentions and summary killings were widespread.
• In tandem, the British collaborated with the Jewish settler community and formed armed groups and a British-led “counterinsurgency force” of Jewish fighters named the Special Night Squads.
• Within the Yishuv, the pre-state settler community, arms were secretly imported and weapons factories established to expand the Haganah, the Jewish paramilitary that later became the core of the Israeli army.
• In those three years of revolt, 5,000 Palestinians were killed, 15,000 to 20,000 were wounded and 5,600 were imprisoned.

What was the UN partition plan?

• By 1947, the Jewish population had ballooned to 33 percent of Palestine, but they owned only 6 percent of the land.
• The United Nations adopted Resolution 181, which called for the partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states.
• The Palestinians rejected the plan because it allotted about 55 percent of Palestine to the Jewish state, including most of the fertile coastal region.
• At the time, the Palestinians owned 94 percent of historic Palestine and comprised 67 percent of its population.

The 1948 Nakba, or the ethnic cleansing of Palestine

• Even before the British Mandate expired on May 14, 1948, Zionist paramilitaries were already embarking on a military operation to destroy Palestinian towns and villages to expand the borders of the Zionist state that was to be born.
• In April 1948, more than 100 Palestinian men, women and children were killed in the village of Deir Yassin on the outskirts of Jerusalem.
• That set the tone for the rest of the operation, and from 1947 to 1949, more than 500 Palestinian villages, towns and cities were destroyed in what Palestinians refer to as the Nakba , or “catastrophe” in Arabic.
• An estimated 15,000 Palestinians were killed, including in dozens of massacres.
• The Zionist movement captured 78 percent of historic Palestine. The remaining 22 percent was divided into what are now the occupied West Bank and the besieged Gaza Strip.
• An estimated 750,000 Palestinians were forced out of their homes.
• Today their descendants live as six million refugees in 58 squalid camps throughout Palestine and in the neighbouring countries of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt.
• On May 15, 1948, Israel announced its establishment.
• The following day, the first Arab-Israeli war began and fighting ended in January 1949 after an armistice between Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria.
• In December 1948, the UN General Assembly passed Resolution 194, which calls for the right of return for Palestinian refugees.

The years after the Nakba

• At least 150,000 Palestinians remained in the newly created state of Israel and lived under a tightly controlled military occupation for almost 20 years before they were eventually granted Israeli citizenship.
• Egypt took over the Gaza Strip, and in 1950, Jordan began its administrative rule over the West Bank.
• In 1964, the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) was formed, and a year later, the Fatah political party was established.

The Naksa, or the Six-Day War and the settlements

• On June 5, 1967, Israel occupied the rest of historic Palestine, including the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Syrian Golan Heights and the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula during the Six-Day War against a coalition of Arab armies.
• For some Palestinians, this led to a second forced displacement, or Naksa, which means “setback” in Arabic.
• In December 1967, the Marxist-Leninist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine was formed. Over the next decade, a series of attacks and plane hijackings by leftist groups drew the world’s attention to the plight of the Palestinians.
• Settlement construction began in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. A two-tier system was created with Jewish settlers afforded all the rights and privileges of being Israeli citizens whereas Palestinians had to live under a military occupation that discriminated against them and barred any form of political or civic expression.

The first Intifada 1987-1993

• The first Palestinian Intifada erupted in the Gaza Strip in December 1987 after four Palestinians were killed when an Israeli truck collided with two vans carrying Palestinian workers.
• Protests spread rapidly to the West Bank with young Palestinians throwing stones at Israeli army tanks and soldiers.
• It also led to the establishment of the Hamas movement, an off-shoot of the Muslim Brotherhood that engaged in armed resistance against the Israeli occupation.
• The Israeli army’s heavy-handed response was encapsulated by the “Break their Bones” policy advocated by then-Defence Minister Yitzhak Rabin. It included summary killings, closures of universities, deportations of activists and destruction of homes.
• The Intifada was primarily carried out by young people and was directed by the Unified National Leadership of the Uprising, a coalition of Palestinian political factions committed to ending the Israeli occupation and establishing Palestinian independence.
• In 1988, the Arab League recognised the PLO as the sole representative of the Palestinian people.
• The Intifada was characterised by popular mobilisations, mass protests, civil disobedience, well-organised strikes and communal cooperatives.
• According to the Israeli human rights organisation B’Tselem, 1,070 Palestinians were killed by Israeli forces during the Intifada, including 237 children. More than 175,000 Palestinians were arrested.
• The Intifada also prompted the international community to search for a solution to the conflict.

The Oslo years and the Palestinian Authority

• The Intifada ended with the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993 and the formation of the Palestinian Authority (PA), an interim government that was granted limited self-rule in pockets of the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip.
• The PLO recognised Israel on the basis of a two-state solution and effectively signed agreements that gave Israel control of 60 percent of the West Bank, and much of the territory’s land and water resources.
• The PA was supposed to make way for the first elected Palestinian government running an independent state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip with its capital in East Jerusalem, but that has never happened.
• Critics of the PA view it as a corrupt subcontractor to the Israeli occupation that collaborates closely with the Israeli military in clamping down on dissent and political activism against Israel.
• In 1995, Israel built an electronic fence and concrete wall around the Gaza Strip, snapping interactions between the split Palestinian territories.

The second Intifada

• The second Intifada began on September 28, 2000, when Likud opposition leader Ariel Sharon made a provocative visit to the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound with thousands of security forces deployed in and around the Old City of Jerusalem.
• Clashes between Palestinian protesters and Israeli forces killed five Palestinians and injured 200 over two days.
• The incident sparked a widespread armed uprising. During the Intifada, Israel caused unprecedented damage to the Palestinian economy and infrastructure.
• Israel reoccupied areas governed by the Palestinian Authority and began construction of a separation wall that along with rampant settlement construction, destroyed Palestinian livelihoods and communities.
• Settlements are illegal under international law, but over the years, hundreds of thousands of Jewish settlers have moved to colonies built on stolen Palestinian land. The space for Palestinians is shrinking as settler-only roads and infrastructure slice up the occupied West Bank, forcing Palestinian cities and towns into bantustans, the isolated enclaves for Black South Africans that the country’s former apartheid regime created.
• At the time the Oslo Accords were signed, just over 110,000 Jewish settlers lived in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. Today, the figure is more than 700,000 living on more than 100,000 hectares (390sq miles) of land expropriated from the Palestinians.

The Palestinian division and the Gaza blockade

• PLO leader Yasser Arafat died in 2004, and a year later, the second Intifada ended, Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip were dismantled, and Israeli soldiers and 9,000 settlers left the enclave.
• A year later, Palestinians voted in a general election for the first time.
• Hamas won a majority. However, a Fatah-Hamas civil war broke out, lasting for months, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of Palestinians.
• Hamas expelled Fatah from the Gaza Strip, and Fatah – the main party of the Palestinian Authority – resumed control of parts of the West Bank.
• In June 2007, Israel imposed a land, air and naval blockade on the Gaza Strip, accusing Hamas of “terrorism”.

The wars on the Gaza Strip

• Israel has launched four protracted military assaults on Gaza: in 2008, 2012, 2014 and 2021. Thousands of Palestinians have been killed, including many children , and tens of thousands of homes, schools and office buildings have been destroyed.
• Rebuilding has been next to impossible because the siege prevents construction materials, such as steel and cement, from reaching Gaza.
• The 2008 assault involved the use of internationally banned weaponry, such as phosphorus gas.
• In 2014, over a span of 50 days, Israel killed more than 2,100 Palestinians, including 1,462 civilians and close to 500 children.
• During the  assault , called Operation Protective Edge by the Israelis, about 11,000 Palestinians were wounded, 20,000 homes were destroyed and half a million people displaced .