A literature review of hypertensive retinopathy: systemic correlations and new technologies
Affiliation.
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy. [email protected].
- PMID: 36196693
- DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29742
Objective: Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) is the most common ocular manifestation of systemic arterial hypertension. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge of HR, reviewing its classical features, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, classifications, management and the most significant systemic correlations. We also provide an update on the latest advances in new technologies focusing on novel instrumental classifications.
Materials and methods: A literature search was performed to identify articles regarding HR listed in Embase, PubMed, Medline (Ovid) and Scopus database up to 1 December 2021. The reference lists of the analyzed articles were also considered a source of literature information. The following keywords were used in various combinations: hypertensive retinopathy, hypertension and eye, hypertensive retinopathy and systemic correlations, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and hypertensive retinopathy, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and hypertensive retinopathy, adaptive optics (AO) and hypertensive retinopathy. The authors analyzed all English articles found using the aforementioned keywords. All the publications were thoroughly reviewed to create a detailed overview of this issue.
Results: HR signs have a significative association with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and other systemic diseases. Patients with arteriosclerotic changes and, at the same time, severe HR, are at increased risk for coronary disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke and dementia. HR is even now diagnosed and classified by its clinical appearance on a fundoscopic exam that is limited by interobserver variability. New technologies, like OCT, OCTA, AO and artificial intelligence may be used to develop a new instrumental classification that could become an objective and quantitative method for the evaluation of this disease. They could be useful to evaluate the subclinical retinal microvascular changes due to hypertension that may reflect the involvement of other vital organs.
Conclusions: The eye is the only organ in the human body where changes in the blood vessels due to systemic hypertension can be studied in vivo. All doctors should be familiar with this disease because it has been largely demonstrated that signs of HR are correlated to patient's health and mortality. Researchers should develop a new common, standardized, and objective method to assess hypertensive retinal changes; new technologies may have a significant role in this field. This review takes most of the literature published so far, including the OCTA studies in order to stimulate new points of reference to standardize parameters and new diagnostic markers of this disease.
Publication types
- Artificial Intelligence
- Hypertension* / complications
- Hypertensive Retinopathy* / complications
- Hypertensive Retinopathy* / diagnosis
- Tomography, Optical Coherence / methods
Europe PMC requires Javascript to function effectively.
Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page.
Search life-sciences literature (43,951,249 articles, preprints and more)
- Available from publisher site using DOI. A subscription may be required. Full text
- Citations & impact
- Similar Articles
A literature review of hypertensive retinopathy: systemic correlations and new technologies.
Author information, affiliations.
- Di Marco E 1
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences , 01 Sep 2022 , 26(18): 6424-6443 https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202209_29742 PMID: 36196693
Abstract
Materials and methods, conclusions, full text links .
Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202209_29742
Citations & impact
Impact metrics, citations of article over time, alternative metrics.
Article citations
Prevalence of retinal pathologies in people over 60 years: the tehran geriatrics eye study..
Mortazavi A , Hashemi A , Jamali A , Hashemi H , Aghamirsalim M , Khabazkhoob M
Int J Ophthalmol , 17(4):721-728, 18 Apr 2024
Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 38638250
Fucoidan modulates SIRT1 and NLRP3 to alleviate hypertensive retinopathy: in vivo and in vitro insights.
Li J , Wang X , Bai J , Wei H , Wang W , Wang S
J Transl Med , 22(1):155, 15 Feb 2024
Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 38360728 | PMCID: PMC10868079
MKL-1 suppresses ferroptosis by activating system Xc- and increasing glutathione synthesis.
Dai ZT , Wu YL , Li XR , Liao XH
Int J Biol Sci , 19(14):4457-4475, 21 Aug 2023
Cited by: 1 article | PMID: 37781038 | PMCID: PMC10535709
Research progress on diagnosing retinal vascular diseases based on artificial intelligence and fundus images.
Ji Y , Ji Y , Liu Y , Zhao Y , Zhang L
Front Cell Dev Biol , 11:1168327, 28 Mar 2023
Cited by: 3 articles | PMID: 37056999 | PMCID: PMC10086262
Similar Articles
To arrive at the top five similar articles we use a word-weighted algorithm to compare words from the Title and Abstract of each citation.
Hypertensive eye disease.
Cheung CY , Biousse V , Keane PA , Schiffrin EL , Wong TY
Nat Rev Dis Primers , 8(1):14, 10 Mar 2022
Cited by: 17 articles | PMID: 35273180
Impact of Arterial Hypertension on the Eye: A Review of the Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Methods, and Treatment of Hypertensive Retinopathy.
Dziedziak J , Zaleska-Żmijewska A , Szaflik JP , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A
Med Sci Monit , 28:e935135, 20 Jan 2022
Cited by: 10 articles | PMID: 35046380 | PMCID: PMC8790937
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detection of macular oedema in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Virgili G , Menchini F , Casazza G , Hogg R , Das RR , Wang X , Michelessi M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev , 1:CD008081, 07 Jan 2015
Cited by: 77 articles | PMID: 25564068 | PMCID: PMC4438571
Review Free full text in Europe PMC
Hypertension and the eye.
Konstantinidis L , Guex-Crosier Y
Curr Opin Ophthalmol , 27(6):514-521, 01 Nov 2016
Cited by: 18 articles | PMID: 27662019
Hypertensive retinopathy in a neonate.
Goyal P , Agarwal K
BMJ Case Rep , 13(10):e235720, 30 Oct 2020
Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 33127728 | PMCID: PMC7604777
Free full text in Europe PMC
Europe PMC is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure
COMMENTS
A literature review of hypertensive retinopathy: systemic correlations and new technologies Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Sep;26(18) :6424-6443. ... Objective: Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) is the most common ocular manifestation of systemic arterial hypertension. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge of HR, reviewing its ...
Objective: Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) is the most common ocular manifestation of systemic arterial hypertension. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge of HR, reviewing its ...
A literature review of hypertensive retinopathy: systemic correlations and new technologies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. Year: 2022. Vol. 26 - N. 18. Pages: 6424-6443. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29742. OBJECTIVE: Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) is the most common ocular manifestation of systemic arterial hypertension.
A systematic review identified 6 studies that provided data on interobserver agreement for hypertensive retinopathy using retinal photographs. 3 In these studies interobserver agreement was modest and fair for focal arterial narrowing and arteriovenous nicking, good for the arteriovenous ratio, and excellent only for hemorrhages and exudates.
VOL. 351 NO. 22. Hypertensive retinopathy is a condition characterized by a spectrum of retinal vascular signs in people with elevated blood pressure. 1 The detection of hypertensive retinopathy ...
Hypertension affects the eyes through a series of pathophysiological mod-ifications that can damage the retinal, choroidal, and optic nerve circulations causing respectively retinopathy, choroidopathy, and optic neuropathy. The most common ocular manifestation of high blood pressure is hypertensive retinopathy (HR).
Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) is the most common ocular manifestation of systemic arterial hypertension. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge of HR, reviewing its classical features, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, classifications, management and the most significant systemic correlations.
A literature review of hypertensive retinopathy: systemic correlations and new technologies. @article{DiMarco2022ALR, title={A literature review of hypertensive retinopathy: systemic correlations and new technologies.}, author={Ernesto Di Marco and Florencia I. Aiello and Micaela Lombardo and Matteo Di Marino and Filippo Missiroli and Raffaele ...
W.T. and J.C. performed the literature review, data interpretation, and drafted the manuscript. All authors were involved in critically revising the manuscript. ... As the retina is the only tissue in the body that allows direct imaging of small vessels, the relationship of hypertensive retinopathy signs with development of disease states in ...
Signs of hypertensive retinopathy are common and are correlated with elevated blood pressure. Recent studies show that some of these signs (e.g., retinal hemorrhages, microaneurysms, and cotton ...
Feb 2020. Yuji Hatanaka. T-Y Wong. Degenerative changes to the RETINA due to HYPERTENSION. | Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on ...
Hypertensive retinopathy and choroidopathy have important short- and long-term implications on patients' overall health and mortality. Eye care professionals should be familiar with the severity staging of these entities and be able to readily recognize and refer patients who are in need of systemic blood pressure control.
In participants with hypertension on medication with good control of blood pressure, hypertensive retinopathy was related to an increased risk of cerebral infarction (mild retinopathy: hazard ratio, 1.96 [95% confidence interval, 1.09-3.55]; and moderate retinopathy: hazard ratio, 2.98 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-8.83]).
Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are retinal diseases closely associated with high blood pressure. The severity and duration of hypertension directly impact the prevalence of HR. ... According to this literature review, a segmentation-based algorithm should be used to identify hypertensive retinopathy from fundus ...