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How to Solve Percent Problems? (+FREE Worksheet!)

Learn how to calculate and solve percent problems using the percent formula.

How to Solve Percent Problems? (+FREE Worksheet!)

Related Topics

  • How to Find Percent of Increase and Decrease
  • How to Find Discount, Tax, and Tip
  • How to Do Percentage Calculations
  • How to Solve Simple Interest Problems

Step by step guide to solve percent problems

  • In each percent problem, we are looking for the base, or part or the percent.
  • Use the following equations to find each missing section. Base \(= \color{black}{Part} \ ÷ \ \color{blue}{Percent}\) \(\color{ black }{Part} = \color{blue}{Percent} \ ×\) Base \(\color{blue}{Percent} = \color{ black }{Part} \ ÷\) Base

Percent Problems – Example 1:

\(2.5\) is what percent of \(20\)?

In this problem, we are looking for the percent. Use the following equation: \(\color{blue}{Percent} = \color{ black }{Part} \ ÷\) Base \(→\) Percent \(=2.5 \ ÷ \ 20=0.125=12.5\%\)

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Percent problems – example 2:.

\(40\) is \(10\%\) of what number?

Use the following formula: Base \(= \color{ black }{Part} \ ÷ \ \color{blue}{Percent}\) \(→\) Base \(=40 \ ÷ \ 0.10=400\) \(40\) is \(10\%\) of \(400\).

Percent Problems – Example 3:

\(1.2\) is what percent of \(24\)?

In this problem, we are looking for the percent. Use the following equation: \(\color{blue}{Percent} = \color{ black }{Part} \ ÷\) Base \(→\) Percent \(=1.2÷24=0.05=5\%\)

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Percent problems – example 4:.

\(20\) is \(5\%\) of what number?

Use the following formula: Base \(= \color{black}{Part} \ ÷ \ \color{blue}{Percent}\) \(→\) Base \(=20÷0.05=400\) \( 20\) is \(5\%\) of \(400\).

Exercises for Calculating Percent Problems

Solve each problem..

  • \(51\) is \(340\%\) of what?
  • \(93\%\) of what number is \(97\)?
  • \(27\%\) of \(142\) is what number?
  • What percent of \(125\) is \(29.3\)?
  • \(60\) is what percent of \(126\)?
  • \(67\) is \(67\%\) of what?

Download Percent Problems Worksheet

  • \(\color{blue}{15}\)
  • \(\color{blue}{104.3}\)
  • \(\color{blue}{38.34}\)
  • \(\color{blue}{23.44\%}\)
  • \(\color{blue}{47.6\%}\)
  • \(\color{blue}{100}\)

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Mathematics LibreTexts

4.2: Percents Problems and Applications of Percent

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  • Page ID 142718

  • Morgan Chase
  • Clackamas Community College via OpenOregon

You may use a calculator throughout this module.

sale-tag.jpg

Recall: The amount is the answer we get after finding the percent of the original number. The base is the original number, the number we find the percent of. We can call the percent the rate.

When we looked at percents in a previous module, we focused on finding the amount. In this module, we will learn how to find the percentage rate and the base.

\(\text{Amount}=\text{Rate}\cdot\text{Base}\)

\(A=R\cdot{B}\)

We can translate from words into algebra.

  • “is” means equals
  • “of” means multiply
  • “what” means a variable

Solving Percent Problems: Finding the Rate

Suppose you earned \(56\) points on a \(60\)-point quiz. To figure out your grade as a percent, you need to answer the question “\(56\) is what percent of \(60\)?” We can translate this sentence into the equation \(56=R\cdot60\).

Exercises \(\PageIndex{1}\)

1. \(56\) is what percent of \(60\)?

2. What percent of \(120\) is \(45\)?

1. \(93\%\) or \(93.3\%\)

2. \(37.5\%\)

Be aware that this method gives us the answer in decimal form and we must move the decimal point to convert the answer to a percent.

Also, if the instructions don’t explicitly tell you how to round your answer, use your best judgment: to the nearest whole percent or nearest tenth of a percent, to two or three significant figures, etc.

Solving Percent Problems: Finding the Base

Suppose you earn \(2\%\) cash rewards for the amount you charge on your credit card. If you want to earn $ \(50\) in cash rewards, how much do you need to charge on your card? To figure this out, you need to answer the question “\(50\) is \(2\%\) of what number?” We can translate this into the equation \(50=0.02\cdot{B}\).

3. $ \(50\) is \(2\%\) of what number?

4. \(5\%\) of what number is \(36\)?

3. $ \(2,500\)

5. An \(18\%\) tip will be added to a dinner that cost $ \(107.50\). What is the amount of the tip?

6. The University of Oregon women’s basketball team made \(13\) of the \(29\) three-points shots they attempted during a game against UNC. What percent of their three-point shots did the team make?

7. \(45\%\) of the people surveyed answered “yes” to a poll question. If \(180\) people answered “yes”, how many people were surveyed altogether?

5. $ \(19.35\)

6. \(44.8\%\) or \(45\%\)

7. \(400\) people were surveyed

Solving Percent Problems: Percent Increase

When a quantity changes, it is often useful to know by what percent it changed. If the price of a candy bar is increased by \(50\) cents, you might be annoyed because it’s it’s a relatively large percentage of the original price. If the price of a car is increased by \(50\) cents, though, you wouldn’t care because it’s such a small percentage of the original price.

To find the percent of increase:

  • Subtract the two numbers to find the amount of increase.
  • Using this result as the amount and the original number as the base, find the unknown percent.

Notice that we always use the original number for the base, the number that occurred earlier in time. In the case of a percent increase, this is the smaller of the two numbers.

8. The price of a candy bar increased from $ \(0.89\) to $ \(1.39\). By what percent did the price increase?

9. The population of Portland in 2010 was \(583,793\). The estimated population in 2019 was \(654,741\). Find the percent of increase in the population. [1]

8. \(56.2\%\) increase

9. \(12.2\%\) increase

Solving Percent Problems: Percent Decrease

Finding the percent decrease in a number is very similar.

To find the percent of decrease:

  • Subtract the two numbers to find the amount of decrease.

Again, we always use the original number for the base, the number that occurred earlier in time. For a percent decrease, this is the larger of the two numbers.

10. During a sale, the price of a candy bar was reduced from $ \(1.39\) to $ \(0.89\). By what percent did the price decrease?

11. The number of students enrolled at Clackamas Community College decreased from \(7,439\) in Summer 2019 to \(4,781\) in Summer 2020. Find the percent of decrease in enrollment.

10. \(36.0\%\) decrease

11. \(35.7\%\) decrease

Relative Error

In an earlier module, we said that a measurement will always include some error, no matter how carefully we measure. It can be helpful to consider the size of the error relative to the size of what is being measured. As we saw in the examples above, a difference of \(50\) cents is important when we’re pricing candy bars but insignificant when we’re pricing cars. In the same way, an error of an eighth of an inch could be a deal-breaker when you’re trying to fit a screen into a window frame, but an eighth of an inch is insignificant when you’re measuring the length of your garage.

The expected outcome is what the number would be in a perfect world. If a window screen is supposed to be exactly \(25\) inches wide, we call this the expected outcome, and we treat it as though it has infinitely many significant digits. In theory, the expected outcome is \(25.000000...\)

To find the absolute error , we subtract the measurement and the expected outcome. Because we always treat the expected outcome as though it has unlimited significant figures, the absolute error should have the same precision (place value) as the measurement , not the expected outcome .

To find the relative error , we divide the absolute error by the expected outcome. We usually express the relative error as a percent. In fact, the procedure for finding the relative error is identical to the procedures for finding a percent increase or percent decrease!

To find the relative error:

  • Subtract the two numbers to find the absolute error.
  • Using the absolute error as the amount and the expected outcome as the base, find the unknown percent.

Exercisew \(\PageIndex{1}\)

12. A window screen is measured to be \(25\dfrac{3}{16}\) inches wide instead of the advertised \(25\) inches. Determine the relative error, rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent.

13. The contents of a box of cereal are supposed to weigh \(10.8\) ounces, but they are measured at \(10.67\) ounces. Determine the relative error, rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent.

12. \(0.1875\div25\approx0.8\%\)

13. \(0.13\div10.8\approx1.2\%\)

6509400855_aaaf915871.jpg

The tolerance is the maximum amount that a measurement is allowed to differ from the expected outcome. For example, the U.S. Mint needs its coins to have a consistent size and weight so that they will work in vending machines. A dime (10 cents) weighs \(2.268\) grams, with a tolerance of \(\pm0.091\) grams. [2] This tells us that the minimum acceptable weight is \(2.268-0.091=2.177\) grams, and the maximum acceptable weight is \(2.268+0.091=2.359\) grams. A dime with a weight outside of the range \(2.177\leq\text{weight}\leq2.359\) would be unacceptable.

dime-under-microscope-300x225.jpg

A U.S. nickel (5 cents) weighs \(5.000\) grams with a tolerance of \(\pm0.194\) grams.

14. Determine the lowest acceptable weight and highest acceptable weight of a nickel.

15. Determine the relative error of a nickel that weighs \(5.21\) grams.

A U.S. quarter (25 cents) weighs \(5.670\) grams with a tolerance of \(\pm0.227\) grams.

16. Determine the lowest acceptable weight and highest acceptable weight of a quarter.

17. Determine the relative error of a quarter that weighs \(5.43\) grams.

14. \(4.806\) g; \(5.194\) g

15. \(0.21\div5.000=4.2\%\)

16. \(5.443\) g; \(5.897\) g

17. \(0.24\div5.670\approx4.2\%\)

  • www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/portlandcityoregon,OR,US/PST045219 ↵
  • https://www.usmint.gov/learn/coin-and-medal-programs/coin-specifications and https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/how-much-do-coins-weigh-4171330 ↵

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7th grade foundations (Eureka Math/EngageNY)

Course: 7th grade foundations (eureka math/engageny)   >   unit 4.

  • The meaning of percent
  • Converting percents to decimals & fractions example
  • Converting between percents, fractions, & decimals
  • Finding a percent
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Identifying percent amount and base

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Video transcript

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Solving Percent Problems

Percent Problems

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percentage base problem solving

Solving Percent Problems

Identifying Amounts, Percents, and Bases

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In early mathematics, students come to understand percents as an amount of the base sum of an item, but the term "per cent" simply means "per hundred," so it can be interpreted as a portion out of 100, including fractions and sometimes numbers higher than 100.

In percent problems in mathematics assignments and examples, students are often asked to identify the three core parts of the problem—the amount, the percent, and the base—wherein the amount is the number taken out of the base by being reduced by a certain percentage.

The percent symbol is read "twenty-five percent" and simply means 25 out of 100. It is useful to be able to understand that a percent can be converted to a fraction and a decimal, meaning that 25 percent can also mean 25 over 100 which can be reduced to 1 over 4 and 0.25 when written as a decimal.

Practical Uses of Percentage Problems

Percentages may be the most useful tool of early mathematics education for adult life, especially when you consider that every mall has "15 percent off" and "half off" sales to entice shoppers to purchase their wares. As a result, it's critical for young students to grasp the concepts of calculating the amount reduced if they take a percentage away from of a base.

Imagine you're planning a trip to Hawaii with you and a loved one, and have a coupon that's only valid for the off-season of travel but guarantees 50 percent off the ticket price. On the other hand, you and your loved one can travel during the busy season and really experience the island life, but you can only find 30 percent discounts on those tickets.

If the off-season tickets cost $1295 and the on-season tickets cost $695 before applying the coupons, which would be the better deal? Based on the on-season tickets being reduced by 30 percent (208), the final total cost would be 487 (rounded up) while the cost for the off-season, being reduced by 50 percent (647), would cost 648 (rounded up).

In this case, the marketing team probably expected people would jump at the half-off deal and not research deals for a time when people want to travel out to Hawaii the most. As a result, some people wind up paying more for a worse time to fly!

Other Everyday Percent Problems

Percents occur almost as frequently as simple addition and subtraction in everyday life, from calculating the appropriate tip to leave at a restaurant to calculating gains and losses in recent months.

People who work on commission often get around 10 to 15 percent of the value of the sale they made for a company, so a car's salesman who sells a one hundred thousand dollar car would get between ten and fifteen thousand dollars in commission from his sale.

Similarly, those who save a portion of their salary for paying insurance and government taxes, or wish to dedicate part of their earnings to a savings account, must determine which percentage of their gross income they want to divest to these different investments.

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Percent , Rate , Base

Understanding percent , rate , and base is essential in various mathematical and real-life contexts. In this study guide, we will cover the basics of percent , rate , and base , and provide examples to help you grasp these concepts.

Percent means "per hundred" and is denoted by the symbol "%". It is used to express a number as a fraction of 100. For example, 25% is equivalent to the fraction 25/100 or the decimal 0.25.

A rate is a special ratio in which the two terms are in different units . For example, miles per hour (mph) is a rate . It compares the distance traveled to the time taken. Rates are often expressed using the word "per" or the symbol "/", such as 60 miles per hour or 60 mph.

The base is the original value in a percent problem. It is the whole or the original amount before a percentage is calculated. For example, if you're calculating 20% of 80, then 80 is the base .

Key Formulas

The following formulas are essential when dealing with percent , rate , and base :

Percent = (Part / Whole) * 100

Rate = (Part / Base )

Base = (Part / Rate )

Let's work through a few examples to illustrate these concepts:

Example 1: Calculating Percent

If you scored 35 out of 50 on a test, what is your score as a percentage?

Percent = (35 / 50) * 100 = 70%

Example 2: Calculating Rate

If a car travels 300 miles in 5 hours , what is its speed in miles per hour ?

Rate = 300 miles / 5 hours = 60 mph

Example 3: Finding the Base

If 15 is 20% of a number, what is the original number?

Base = 15 / 0.20 = 75

When studying percent , rate , and base , it's helpful to practice converting between fractions , decimals , and percentages . Additionally, working through real-life problems involving discounts, taxes, and tips can improve your understanding of these concepts.

Remember to use the key formulas and units to guide your problem-solving process. Understanding the relationship between percent , rate , and base will also make it easier to solve problems in various scenarios.

By mastering percent , rate , and base , you'll develop a valuable skill set for handling a wide range of mathematical and practical situations.

Good luck with your studies!

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◂ Math Worksheets and Study Guides Sixth Grade. Percent, Rate, Base

Mathematics - Sixth Grade - Study Guide: Percent, Rate, Base

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Solving problems with percentages

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To solve problems with percent we use the percent proportion shown in "Proportions and percent".

$$\frac{a}{b}=\frac{x}{100}$$

$$\frac{a}{{\color{red} {b}}}\cdot {\color{red} {b}}=\frac{x}{100}\cdot b$$

$$a=\frac{x}{100}\cdot b$$

x/100 is called the rate.

$$a=r\cdot b\Rightarrow Percent=Rate\cdot Base$$

Where the base is the original value and the percentage is the new value.

47% of the students in a class of 34 students has glasses or contacts. How many students in the class have either glasses or contacts?

$$a=r\cdot b$$

$$47\%=0.47a$$

$$=0.47\cdot 34$$

$$a=15.98\approx 16$$

16 of the students wear either glasses or contacts.

We often get reports about how much something has increased or decreased as a percent of change. The percent of change tells us how much something has changed in comparison to the original number. There are two different methods that we can use to find the percent of change.

The Mathplanet school has increased its student body from 150 students to 240 from last year. How big is the increase in percent?

We begin by subtracting the smaller number (the old value) from the greater number (the new value) to find the amount of change.

$$240-150=90$$

Then we find out how many percent this change corresponds to when compared to the original number of students

$$90=r\cdot 150$$

$$\frac{90}{150}=r$$

$$0.6=r= 60\%$$

We begin by finding the ratio between the old value (the original value) and the new value

$$percent\:of\:change=\frac{new\:value}{old\:value}=\frac{240}{150}=1.6$$

As you might remember 100% = 1. Since we have a percent of change that is bigger than 1 we know that we have an increase. To find out how big of an increase we've got we subtract 1 from 1.6.

$$1.6-1=0.6$$

$$0.6=60\%$$

As you can see both methods gave us the same answer which is that the student body has increased by 60%

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A skirt cost $35 regulary in a shop. At a sale the price of the skirtreduces with 30%. How much will the skirt cost after the discount?

Solve "54 is 25% of what number?"

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Percent Maths Problems

percentage base problem solving

Home / United States / Math Classes / 6th Grade Math / Solving Problems Based on Percentage

Solving Problems Based on Percentage

Percent is an alternate method of representing fractions and decimals. Here we will learn different methods of calculati ng the percent and the steps involved in each method. We will also look at some examples that will help you gain a better understanding of the concept. ...Read More Read Less

Table Of Contents

percentage base problem solving

What is meant by percentage?

Solving problems based on percentages, finding the percentage of a number, finding the whole number from the percent, finding the whole using the ratio method, solved examples.

  • Frequently Asked Questions

In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio that represents a fraction of 100. The symbol “ % ” is frequently used to represent it, and it has a few hundred years of history. While we are on the topic of percentages, one example will be, the decimal 0.35, or the fraction \(\frac{7}{20}\) , which is equivalent to 35 percent, or 35%.

By solving problems based on percentages, we can find the missing values and find the values of various unknowns in a given problem.

Find 40% of 200.

\(\frac{40}{100}\times 200\)              Write the percentage as a fraction

\(\frac{2}{5}\times 200=800\)            Simplify

percent 1

First, write the percentage as a fraction or decimal. Then, divide the fraction or decimal by the part. This method applies to any situation in which a percentage and its value are given. 

If 2 percent equals 80, multiply 80 by 100 and divide it by 2 to get 4000.

Prove that 20% of 120 is 24. 

20% =\(\frac{20}{100}\)       Write the percent as a fraction or decimal.

Using multiplication equation:

\(\frac{20}{100}\times 120=24\)      Simplify

To prove the reverse of this solution we use the  division equation:

\(\frac{24}{\frac{20}{100}}\)      Simplify

\(\frac{2400}{20}=120\)    

A ratio table is the table that shows the comparison between two units and shows the relationship between them.

Example 1: What is 25% of 50?

We have 25% of 50.

So, 25% of 50 = \(\frac{1}{4}\times 50\) Write the percentage as a fraction or decimal.

                       = \(\frac{50}{4}\)     Simplify.

                       = 12.5  

Example 2: Using the ratio table, answer the following question:

What is 60% of 200?

We have 60% of 200.

Now, we have to use the ratio table to find the part. Let one row represent the part and the other row represent the whole row in the table and find the equivalent ratio of 200.

percent 2

The first column represents the percentage = \(\frac{60}{100}\)

percent 3

So, 60% of 200 is 120.

Example 3: Find the whole of the number.

                  50% of what number is 45.

We have: 50% of what number is 45?

Use division equation

\(\frac{45}{50%}\)    Write the percentage as a fraction or decimal

\(=\frac{45}{\frac{1}{2}}\)  Simplify

So, \(45\times 2=90\)

Hence, 50% of 90 is 45

Example 4: Find the whole of the number using the ratio table.

140% of what number is 84

We have to find 140% of what number is 84.

Use the ratio table to find the part. Let one be the part and the other be the whole row in the table. Now, find the equivalent ratio of 200.

percent 4

So, 140% of 60 is 84.

Example 5: A rectangular hall’s width is 60 percent of its length.

What are the room’s dimensions?

percent 7

Solution:  

Calculate the width of the room by taking 60% of 15 feet.

\(60%\times 15\) Write the percentage as a fraction or decimal.

= \(0.6\times 15\)      Simplify

We can al so understand it with the help of a diagram:

percent 8

The width is 9 feet.

Area of the rectangle = \(\text{length}\times \text{width}\)

                                    = \(15\times 9\)

                                    = 135

Hence, the area of the given room is 135 \(feet^2\).

Example 6: You have won a camping trip at an auction at your school fair that cost $80. Your bid is 40% of your maximum bid for the price of the camping trip. How much more would you be willing to pay for the trip if you hadn’t already paid the full price?

women

You are given the winning camping bid that represents the maximum bid as well as the percentage of your maximum bid. You must calculate how much more you would have paid for the camping trip if you had known how much more you were willing to pay.

Your winning bid is the part, and your maximum bid is the whole.

Create a model based on the fact that 40% of the total is $80 to determine the highest bid. Then divide the winning bid by the maximum bid to find out how much more you were willing to pay.

percent10

The maximum bid is $200 and the winning bid is $80. So, you would be willing to bid $200 – $80 = $120 more for the tickets.

How do you calculate a percentage?

To calculate a percentage, divide the given value by the total value and multiply the result by 100. That is “(value/total value) x 100%”. This is the formula for calculating percentages.

In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio that represents a fraction of 100 in mathematics. Percentage is usually represented by the symbol “%”. It is also written simply as “percent” or “pct”. For example, the decimal 0.35, or the fraction \(\frac{35}{100}\), is equivalent to 0.35.

What is the purpose of percentages?

Percentages are used to figure out “how much” or “how many” of something is to be taken from a given value. Percentage makes it easier to calculate the exact amount or figure being discussed. In order to determine whether a percentage increase or decrease has occurred, a comparison of fractions is done. This aids in calculating percentages of profit and loss, for example in real life situations.

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Solving Percent Problems

Solving Percent Problems

Percent is a great mathematical tool to express quantities and is used extensively in different things – from interest rates, discounts, and taxes to surveys, censuses, etc.

This article is your guide to percent and solving percent problems frequently appearing in major national examinations.

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Table of Contents

What does percent mean.

The word “percent” originated from the Latin phrase per centum, meaning “by hundred.” When we say “percent,” we refer to “parts per 100”. This means that a percent is a fraction with 100 as the denominator. The symbol % is used to indicate a percent.

For example, 3% means three parts per 100 or 3⁄100; 45% means 45⁄100; and 92% means 92⁄100.

Illustrating Percent

Suppose a vendor has 100 biscuits. If 10% of those biscuits are ube-flavored, 10⁄100 or 10 out of 100 biscuits are ube-flavored.

percentage math 1

On the other hand, suppose there are 100 students in a school auditorium. If 42% of those students are honor students, 42⁄100 students, or 42 out of 100 students, are honor students.

Expressing Percent as Fraction and Decimal

Since percent means a fraction with 100 as the denominator, we can express a percent as a fraction or a decimal number .

Drop the percent sign and put 100 as the denominator to transform a percent into a fraction. For instance, 25% is simply 25⁄100.

Note that when 25⁄100 is reduced to its lowest terms, you will obtain ¼. This means that 25% is also equivalent to ¼. 

percentage math 2

Furthermore, note that when you transform ¼ into its decimal form using the steps we have discussed in the previous reviewer , you will obtain 0.25. Hence, 25% is also equal to 0.25. 

There is an easier way to transform percent into decimals . Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point two places to the left of the given number.

percentage math 3

For example, 54% is equivalent to 0.54

Example: Transform 3% to decimal form.

percentage math 4

Suppose that your mom prepared ten pieces of your favorite cookies. You are excited to taste those cookies, but you realize that your brother ate 20% of the cookies that your mom prepared. What exactly is the number of cookies eaten by your brother?

To determine the answer to your question above, you must determine 20% of 10. This case involves the application of percentages.

The percentage is the result when you multiply a number by a percent. Returning to your problem about the number of cookies your brother ate, 20% of 10 can be determined if you multiply ten by 20%. The result after you multiply the numbers is called the percentage.

How To Find the Percentage

Follow these steps if you want to find the percentage:

Step 1: Convert the given percent (the one with the % sign) into decimals .

percentage math 5

Again, to convert percent into its decimal form, we drop the percent sign and then move the decimal point two places to the left. Thus, 20% = 0.20

Step 2 : Multiply the decimal you have obtained from Step 1 to the given number. The result is the percentage.

percentage math 6

To multiply 0.20 by 10, we ignored the decimal point for a while and multiplied the given decimals like whole numbers. We have obtained 0200. Since 0.20 has two decimal places while 10 has none, the final answer should have two decimal places. We count two digits from the right of 0200 and put the decimal point there. Hence, the answer is 02.00, which is equivalent to 2.

Hence, 20% of 10 is 2. This means that out of 10 cookies your mother prepared, 2 of those were eaten by your brother.

Let us have another example.

Example: What is 50% of 120?

Step 1 : Convert the given percent (the one with the % sign) into decimals.

We drop the % sign of 50% and move the decimal point two places to the left.

percentage math 7

Thus, 50% = 0.50

Step 2: Multiply the decimal you have obtained from Step 1 to the given number. The result is the percentage.

percentage math 8

To multiply 0.50 by 120, we ignored the decimal point for a while and multiplied the given decimals like whole numbers. Through this process, we have obtained 06000. Since 0.50 has two decimal places while 120 has none, the final answer should have two decimal places. We count two digits from the right of 06000 and put the decimal point there. Hence, the answer is 060.00, which is equivalent to 60.

Hence, 50% of 120 is 60.

Simple Tricks in Computing Percentages

We always want to make our computations in mathematics faster and more accurate. For this reason, I will share two tricks you can use when computing percentages.

Trick #1: You can compute some percentages using only mental computation.

If you want to determine the 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of a number, you can do so without the help of pen and paper.

  • 25% is equivalent to 25⁄100 or ¼. Hence, to find the 25% of a number, divide the given number by 4. Example: 25% of 40 is just 40 ÷ 4 = 10.
  • 50% is equivalent to 50⁄100 or ½. Thus, to find the 50% of a number, divide the given number by 2. This means 50% of a number is just half the given number. Example: 50% of 40 is just 40 ÷ 2 = 20.
  • 75% is equivalent to 75⁄100 or ¾. Thus, to find the 75% of a number, multiply the given number by three and then divide the result by 4. Example: 75% of 40 is just 40 x 3 = 120 ÷ 4 = 30.
  • 100% is equivalent to 100⁄100 or 1. Thus, 100% of a number is the number itself . Example: 100% of 40 is just 40 itself.

Trick #2: X% of a number Y is equal to Y% of number X

This trick means we can transfer the % sign to the other number, and the result will be the same.

Example : What is 40% of 25?

Using trick #2, we can transfer the % sign from 40% to 25. Thus, we have 25%. This means 40% of 25 is the same as 25% of 40.

Thus, applying our first trick on finding the 25% of a number, 40 ÷ 4 = 10; hence, 40% of 25 is 10.

Example : What is 92% of 50? 

92% of 50 is the same as 50% of 92. Hence, we can just divide 92 by 2 to obtain the answer, 92 ÷ 2 = 46

Therefore, 92% of 50 is 46.

Base and Rate

The base is the amount you are taking a percent of. Meanwhile, the rate is the percent you are calculating.

percentage math 9

For example, if there are 50 students in a classroom and 20% of those students are honor students, it follows that ten students are honor students. 50 is the base since it is the amount we take a percent of. Meanwhile, 20% is the rate since we calculate the percentage. Lastly, 10 is the percentage.

The product of the base and the rate is the percentage .

Percentage = Base × Rate

Example: Determine the percentage, base, and rate if 20% of 90 is 18.

Since 90 x 20% = 90 x 0.20 = 18, 90 is the base, 20% is the rate, and 18 is the percentage.

Calculating Percentage, Base, and Rate

Formula to find the percentage.

The formula to find the percentage, as we have stated, is: 

We can manipulate the mathematical equation above to obtain the formulas for computing the base and the rate:

Formula to Find the Base

Base = Percentage ÷ Rate

Formula to Find the Rate

Rate = Percentage ÷ Base

Example 1: If 10% of a number is 90, what is the number?

We can interpret this question as 10% of ______ = 90. Since “of” is a signal word for multiplication, it also implies 10% x ______ = 90

This means that 10% is the rate while 90 is the percentage. The unknown number is the base. Thus, we need to compute the base.

Using the formula to find the base:

  Base = Percentage ÷ Rate

Base  = 90 ÷ 10%

Convert the given percent into decimal:

Base  = 90 ÷ 0.10

Now that you have already transformed the rate into decimal form, you may divide 90 by 0.10 to obtain the answer.

To perform division with decimal numbers , we need to transform the divisor (0.10) into a whole number by moving two decimal places to the right. Thus, the new divisor is 10. We also move two decimal places for the dividend (90). Thus, the new dividend is 9000.

percentage math 10

We now perform long division with our new dividend and divisor:

percentage math 11

To find the base, we compute 90 ÷ 0.10 = 900

Hence, the base is 900.

Example 2:  What percent of 720 is 90?

We can translate the question above in this form: _____% of 720 is 90 or _____% x 720 = 90. Therefore, 720 is the base, while 90 is the percentage. The missing number is the rate.

We will now use the formula for finding the rate.

Again, based on the given problem, the percentage is 90 while the base is 720

          Rate = 90 ÷ 720

Notice that the dividend (the first number) is smaller than the divisor (the second number). In this case, you may apply the same steps in transforming fractions into decimal form because  90 ÷ 720 is a proper fraction (i.e., 90⁄720).

Let us divide 90 by 720 using the steps in transforming fractions into decimal form .

We add some zeros and decimal points to proceed with the division process.

percentage math 12

We can now divide 900 by 720.

percentage math 13

Note that every time the remainder becomes smaller than the divisor, we add zeros to 900 and the remainder to continue the division process.

The quotient we obtained is 0.125. Thus, 0.125 is our rate.

However, the rate must always be expressed with a percent sign. To do this, we multiply 0.125 by 100 or move two decimal places to the right of it and put a percent sign. Thus, 0.125 is equal to 12.5%.

percentage math 14

Therefore, the rate is 12.5%

The Percentage, Base, and Rate Triangle

What if you forgot the formula to determine the percentage, base, or rate in a particular problem? Don’t worry because there is a fun way to derive these formulas. 

Shown below is the Percentage, Base, and Rate Triangle . It is a triangle divided into three portions where P (for percentage) is written on the upper portion, and B (for base) and R (for rate) are written on the lower portions. There are also division signs in the triangle’s outer left and outer right parts and a multiplication sign below it.

percentage math 15

How To Use the Percentage, Base, and Rate Triangle

Suppose you are looking for the base. You have to cover the B in the triangle and look at the remaining letters and the operation between them. Notice that if you cover B, the remaining letters are P and R, with a division sign between them. This means that to find the base, you must divide P by R.

percentage math 16

Next topic:  Ratio and Proportion

Previous topic : Fundamental Operations on Fractions and Decimals

Return to the main article:  The Ultimate Basic Math Reviewer

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in Civil Service Exam , College Entrance Exam , LET , NAPOLCOM Exam , NMAT , PMA Entrance Exam , Reviewers , UPCAT

Last Updated May 3, 2023 05:59 PM

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Jewel Kyle Fabula

Jewel Kyle Fabula is a Bachelor of Science in Economics student at the University of the Philippines Diliman. His passion for learning mathematics developed as he competed in some mathematics competitions during his Junior High School years. He loves cats, playing video games, and listening to music.

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Definition:

The percent, base, and rate are connected with one another in terms of computation. To find the percentage , multiply the base by the rate. Remember that the rate must be changed from a percent to a decimal before multiplying can be done. Rate times base equals percentage.

PERCENTAGE (P=BxR) –  The result obtained when a number is multiplied by a percent.

BASE (B=P/R) –  The whole in a problem. The amount you are taking a percent of.

RATE (R=P/B) –  The ratio of amount to the base. It is written as a percent.

Applying Percentage, Base, and Rate Worksheets

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Word Problems on Percentage

Word problems on percentage will help us to solve various types of problems related to percentage. Follow the procedure to solve similar type of percent problems.

Word problems on percentage:

1.  In an exam Ashley secured 332 marks. If she secured 83 % makes, find the maximum marks.

Let the maximum marks be m.

Ashley’s marks = 83% of m

Ashley secured 332 marks

Therefore, 83% of m = 332

⇒ 83/100 × m = 332

⇒ m = (332 × 100)/83

⇒ m =33200/83

Therefore, Ashley got 332 marks out of 400 marks.

2. An alloy contains 26 % of copper. What quantity of alloy is required to get 260 g of copper?

Let the quantity of alloy required = m g

Then 26 % of m =260 g

⇒ 26/100 × m = 260 g

⇒ m = (260 × 100)/26 g

⇒ m = 26000/26 g

⇒ m = 1000 g

3. There are 50 students in a class. If 14% are absent on a particular day, find the number of students present in the class.

Solution:             

Number of students absent on a particular day = 14 % of 50

                                          i.e., 14/100 × 50 = 7

Therefore, the number of students present = 50 - 7 = 43 students.

4. In a basket of apples, 12% of them are rotten and 66 are in good condition. Find the total number of apples in the basket.

Solution:             

Let the total number of apples in the basket be m

12 % of the apples are rotten, and apples in good condition are 66

Therefore, according to the question,

88% of m = 66

⟹ 88/100 × m = 66

⟹ m = (66 × 100)/88

⟹ m = 3 × 25

Therefore, total number of apples in the basket is 75.

5. In an examination, 300 students appeared. Out of these students; 28 % got first division, 54 % got second division and the remaining just passed. Assuming that no student failed; find the number of students who just passed.

The number of students with first division = 28 % of 300

                                                             = 28/100 × 300

                                                             = 8400/100

                                                             = 84

And, the number of students with second division = 54 % of 300

                                                                        = 54/100 × 300

                                                                        =16200/100

                                                                        = 162

Therefore, the number of students who just passed = 300 – (84 + 162)

                                                                           = 54

Questions and Answers on Word Problems on Percentage:

1. In a class 60% of the students are girls. If the total number of students is 30, what is the number of boys?

2. Emma scores 72 marks out of 80 in her English exam. Convert her marks into percent.

Answer: 90%

3. Mason was able to sell 35% of his vegetables before noon. If Mason had 200 kg of vegetables in the morning, how many grams of vegetables was he able to see by noon?

Answer: 70 kg

4. Alexander was able to cover 25% of 150 km journey in the morning. What percent of journey is still left to be covered?

Answer:  112.5 km

5. A cow gives 24 l milk each day. If the milkman sells 75% of the milk, how many liters of milk is left with him?

Answer: 6 l

Word Problems on Percentage

6.  While shopping Grace spent 90% of the money she had. If she had $ 4500 on shopping, what was the amount of money she spent?

Answer:  $ 4050

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Increase Percentage

Decrease Percentage

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  1. Finding the formula for percentage, rate and base using TECHAN'S Triangle

  2. percentage base rate grade 5 quarter 3

  3. Percentage #shorts #math #viral #ssc #cgl #chsl #mts #banking #railway #shortvideo #trending

  4. Math Percentage, Base and Rate

COMMENTS

  1. 5.2.1: Solving Percent Problems

    Problems involving percents have any three quantities to work with: the percent, the amount, and the base. The percent has the percent symbol (%) or the word "percent." In the problem above, 15% is the percent off the purchase price. The base is the whole amount. In the problem above, the whole price of the guitar is $220, which is the base.

  2. Percentage, Base, and Rate Problems

    This math video tutorial explains how to solve percentage, base, and rate problems.Percentages Made Easy: https://www.youtube.com/watc...

  3. How to Solve Percent Problems? (+FREE Worksheet!)

    Step by step guide to solve percent problems In each percent problem, we are looking for the base, or part or the percent. Use the following equations to find each missing section.

  4. 4.2: Percents Problems and Applications of Percent

    Solving Percent Problems: Percent Decrease. Finding the percent decrease in a number is very similar. To find the percent of decrease: Subtract the two numbers to find the amount of decrease. Using this result as the amount and the original number as the base, find the unknown percent.

  5. Finding the Base Number in a Percent Problem Worksheet

    Percentage Worksheet. Share this page to Google Classroom. Objective: I can find the base number in a percent problem. Example: 8 is 32% of what number? Solution: Answer: 25. Fill in all the gaps, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble.

  6. Percentage, Base and Rate Problems

    This video will demonstrate how to solve problems about percentage, base and rate.Please like and follow our facebook page:https://www.facebook.com/MathTeach...

  7. Solving percent problems (video)

    Identify the percent. Well, that looks like 25%, that's the percent. The amount and the base in this problem. And based on how they're wording it, I assume amount means when you take the 25% of the base, so they're saying that the amount-- as my best sense of it-- is that the amount is equal to the percent times the base. Let me do the base in ...

  8. Identifying percent amount and base (video)

    So we have the percent times the base. We have the percent times the base is equal to some amount. And you could try to solve this in your head. This is essentially saying 25% of some number, 25% times some number is equal to 150. If it helps, we could rewrite this as 0.25, which is the same thing as 25%. 0.25 times some number is equal to 150.

  9. Solving Percent Problems (examples, solutions, worksheets, videos

    Examples, solutions, and videos that will help GMAT students review how to solve percent word problems. The following diagram shows some examples of solving percent problems using the part, base, rate formula. Scroll down the page for more examples and solutions of solving percent problems. Solving Percent Problems. Show Step-by-step Solutions.

  10. Solving Percent Problems

    Problems involving percents have any three quantities to work with: the percent, the amount, and the base. The percent has the percent symbol (%) or the word "percent." In the problem above, 15% is the percent off the purchase price. The base is the whole amount. In the problem above, the whole price of the guitar is $220, which is the base.

  11. Solving Percent Problems

    Percent problems can also be solved by writing a proportion. A proportion is an equation that sets two ratios or fractions equal to each other. With percent problems, one of the ratios is the percent, written as n 100. The other ratio is the amount to the base. Percent = amount base. Example.

  12. Amounts, Percents, and Bases of Percent Problems

    In early mathematics, students come to understand percents as an amount of the base sum of an item, but the term "per cent" simply means "per hundred," so it can be interpreted as a portion out of 100, including fractions and sometimes numbers higher than 100. ... Russell, Deb. "Solving Percent Problems." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com ...

  13. Math Worksheets and Study Guides Sixth Grade. Percent, Rate, Base

    The base is the original value in a percent problem. It is the whole or the original amount before a percentage is calculated. For example, if you're calculating 20% of 80, then 80 is the base. Key Formulas. The following formulas are essential when dealing with percent, rate, and base: Percent = (Part / Whole) * 100. Rate = (Part / Base) Base ...

  14. Solving problems with percentages (Pre-Algebra, Ratios and percent

    To solve problems with percent we use the percent proportion shown in "Proportions and percent". a b = x 100 a b = x 100. a b ⋅b = x 100 ⋅ b a b ⋅ b = x 100 ⋅ b. a = x 100 ⋅ b a = x 100 ⋅ b. x/100 is called the rate. a = r ⋅ b ⇒ Percent = Rate ⋅ Base a = r ⋅ b ⇒ P e r c e n t = R a t e ⋅ B a s e. Where the base is the ...

  15. Percent Maths Problems

    Problems that deal with percentage increase and decrease as well as problems of percent of quantities. ... y = 30 and solve for x which the original price. x - 0.22 x = 30 0.78 x = 30 x = $38.5 Check the solution to this problem by ... Solution to Problem 17 Total area of rectangle Ar = L * W Area of triangle At = (1/2) base * height = (1/2 ...

  16. How to Solve Percentage Problems with Examples?

    While we are on the topic of percentages, one example will be, the decimal 0.35, or the fraction \(\frac{7}{20}\), which is equivalent to 35 percent, or 35%. Solving Problems Based on Percentages By solving problems based on percentages, we can find the missing values and find the values of various unknowns in a given problem.

  17. PDF Percent Equation P B A

    EXAMPLE 1: 15 is what percent of 120? To solve the problem, identify the given and unknown parts: Given: Base = 120 Unknown: Percent = x Amount = 15 Equation: 120 • x = 15 120• x 15 120 120 x 0.125 12.5% = == 0.125 120 15.000 Percent Proportion Problems involving the percent equation can also be solved with the proportion: Percent Amount (is)

  18. Solving Percent Problems

    We can translate the question above in this form: _____% of 720 is 90 or _____% x 720 = 90. Therefore, 720 is the base, while 90 is the percentage. The missing number is the rate. We will now use the formula for finding the rate. Rate = Percentage ÷ Base. Again, based on the given problem, the percentage is 90 while the base is 720

  19. Applying Percentage, Base, and Rate

    BASE (B=P/R) - The whole in a problem. The amount you are taking a percent of. RATE (R=P/B) - The ratio of amount to the base. It is written as a percent. Applying Percentage, Base, and Rate Worksheets. This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about Applying Percentage, Base, and Rate across 15+ in-depth pages.

  20. Percentage Calculator

    Convert the problem to an equation using the percentage formula: P% * X = Y. P is 10%, X is 150, so the equation is 10% * 150 = Y. Convert 10% to a decimal by removing the percent sign and dividing by 100: 10/100 = 0.10. Substitute 0.10 for 10% in the equation: 10% * 150 = Y becomes 0.10 * 150 = Y.

  21. Word Problems on Percentage

    Word problems on percentage will help us to solve various types of problems related to percentage. Follow the procedure to solve similar type of percent problems. 1. In an exam Ashley secured 332 marks. If she secured 83 % makes, find the maximum marks.

  22. The 'Great Wealth Transfer' Is a Delusion

    This, we're told, will help solve the student debt crisis; allow cash-strapped 30- and 40-somethings to finally get into the housing market; and even help them make up for lost time on saving ...

  23. Total solar eclipse: Where and when it was most visible

    A total solar eclipse created a celestial spectacle Monday in the skies over parts of Mexico, the United States and Canada after a nearly seven-year wait.

  24. Extra Credit: Culturally Responsive Problem Solving Modules

    Traditional problem solving vs. problem solving with a culturally responsive approach; Strengths-based vs. deficit-based approach; How and why to reframe; Changing how we engage in the problem-solving process; What to Expect This module is presents school staff with an evidence-based, culturally responsive approach to problem solving with students.

  25. How One Family Lost $900,000 in a Timeshare Scam

    Ronna McDaniel, TV News and the Trump Problem. March 29, ... Maria Abi-Habib, an investigative correspondent for The New York Times based in Mexico City. Image. Nicki and James, who asked that ...