shodhganga thesis on family

On the banks of Shodhganga: analysis of the academic genealogy graph of an Indian ETD repository

• Published: 18 May 2023
• Volume 128 , pages 3879–3914, ( 2023 )

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• Dhananjay Kumar 1 ,
• Plaban Kumar Bhowmick 1 ,
• Sumana Dey 2 &
• Debarshi Kumar Sanyal 3  

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Academic genealogy graphs capture information about the lineage of researchers, encode how knowledge flows from advisors to proteges, and shed light on the birth and evolution of disciplines. In this paper, we study the academic genealogy graph/network (AGN) in Shodhganga which is the Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) database. We have disambiguated the names of the researchers in Shodhganga and constructed the Shodhganga-AGN, which we have analyzed with topological metrics proposed in the literature on general graphs as well as that on genealogy networks. The metrics studied have been able to identify the institutes and researchers that have played a significant role in the development of the Indian higher education system. The largest connected component of Shodhganga-AGN consists of 1356 researchers and 1437 advisor–advisee relationships. The component is dominated by researchers from science and is affiliated primarily with three institutions. We have also studied subgraphs in the genealogy network to identify supervision patterns, and found that most of the subgraph instances connect researchers within a single institution or subject. Thus, our study is a detailed insightful analysis of the academic genealogy of researchers indexed in Shodhganga, and captures the decades-old research ecosystem of India, as expressed through the formal advisor–advisee relationships in Indian universities.

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A Tool for Analyzing Academic Genealogy

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Dhananjay Kumar & Plaban Kumar Bhowmick

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Algorithms flowchart

Algorithm 2-In all the above cases, we have imposed the natural constraint that the advisor’s (who is potentially the same person as the advisee) date of thesis submission to be earlier than the advisee’s thesis submission date. In the case where the number of candidates (advisee) to merge with the advisor is greater than one, we further check them across the available attributes to find the best candidate

Algorithm 3-Initially students with same names and having same department and institute are assigned the same index even if they are referring to different individuals. In that scenario, if advisor information (advisor thesis) is available, we are using that to find the most likely student among all the students (with the same name) associated with him/her. After that, group the remaining students by thesis title and assign them with different indices (Assumption: very less likely that two students with the same name and in the same institute and department has different thesis titles associated with same advisor)

Algorithm 4-Applicable if multiple advisors advised the student (multiple records exist, same student name has variation due to human error (check Appendix Table 2 )), or duplicate records exist, or wrongly combined thesis title. The function merges students with similar names (with slight variation) having the same thesis title. If student names are different across the same thesis index (similarity value less than threshold value), then there is a chance that two different thesis indices are merged wrongly. Therefore, we will not change the student indices

Sample of researcher records with few attributes

Top researchers in shodhganga-agn based on different genealogical metrics, institute abbreviation, nirf ranking, and ddc subject code with subject name, extracted subgraphs structures from shodhganga-agn.

Extracted subgraphs instances from Shodhganga-AGN

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Kumar, D., Bhowmick, P.K., Dey, S. et al. On the banks of Shodhganga: analysis of the academic genealogy graph of an Indian ETD repository. Scientometrics 128 , 3879–3914 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04728-z

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Received : 10 August 2022

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04728-z

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Approaches to Shodhganga: A reservoir of Indian theses

India does not have a central repository in which theses are stored from various PhDs across different disciplines. This has led to various kinds of problems from lack of visibility for Indian research to duplication, repetition and even plagiarism in some cases. Most countries have created an online central database where universities as well as researchers post their theses and dissertations. With the proliferation of the Web, this has become a global showcase of research capabilities of each country. Theses and dissertations are known to be the rich and unique source of information, often the only source of research work that does not find its way into various publication channels. The UGC vide its Notification (Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of. Phil. / Ph.D Degree, Regulation, 2009) dated 1st June 2009 provides for submission of electronic version of theses and dissertation by the researchers in universities in Shodhganga maintained by the INFLIBNET Centre. Universities that sign MoU with the INFLIBNET Centre and mandate submission of electronic version of their theses and dissertation to Shodhganga may get financial assistance from the UGC for digitizing their back-files of theses. Besides, UGC may also provide financial assistance to the INFLIBNET Centre for subscription to software tools that detect plagiarized portion of theses and dissertations. In time to come, ETDs would become more commonplace, grant-giving agencies and accreditation bodies like AICTE, UGC and NAAC would make judgments regarding innovative universities by taking note of their initiatives such as ETDs and IRs. This article aim to explain the purpose and approach of

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Shodhganga is a digital repository of Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Shodhganga stands for the reservoir of Indian intellectual output stored in a repository set-up and maintained by the INFLIBNET Centre.

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Shodhganga: a reservoir of indian theses.

        Theses and dissertations are known to be the rich and unique source of information, often the only source of research work that does not find its way into various publication channels. Theses and dissertations remain an un-tapped and under-utilized asset, leading to unnecessary duplication and repetition that, in effect, is the anti-theses of research and wastage of huge resources, both human and financial.

    The UGC Notification (Minimum Standards & Procedure for Award of M.Phil. / Ph.D Degree, Regulation, 2009) dated 1st June 2009 mandates submission of electronic version of theses and dissertations by the researchers in universities with an aim to facilitate open access to Indian theses and dissertations to the academic community world-wide. Online availability of electronic theses through centrally-maintained digital repositories, not only ensure easy access and archiving of Indian doctoral theses but will also help in raising the standard and quality of research. This would overcome serious problem of duplication of research and poor quality resulting from the “poor visibility” and the “unseen” factor in research output. As per the Regulation, the responsibility of hosting, maintaining and making the digital repository of Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertation (called “ Shodhganga “), accessible to all institutions and universities, is assigned to the INFLIBNET Centre.

    Shodhganga” is the name coined to denote digital repository of Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertations set-up by the INFLIBNET Centre. The word “Shodh” originates from Sanskrit and stands for research and discovery. The “Ganga” is the holiest, largest and longest of all rivers in Indian subcontinent. The Ganga is the symbol of India’s age-long culture and civilisation, everchanging, ever-flowing, ever-loved and revered by its people, and has held India’s heart captive and drawn uncounted millions to her banks since the dawn of history. Shodhganga stands for the reservoir of Indian intellectual output stored in a repository hosted and maintained by the INFLIBNET Centre.

  The Shodhganga@INFLIBNET is set-up using an open source digital repository software called DSpace developed by MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in partnership between Hewlett- Packard (HP). The DSpace uses internationally recognized protocols and interoperability standards. Shodhganga provides a platform for research scholars to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access. The repository has the ability to capture, index, store, disseminate and preserve ETDs (Electronic Theses and Dissertations) submitted by the researchers.

   DSpace supports “Open Archives Initiative’s Protocol for Metadata Harvesting” (OAI-PMH) and uses a qualified version of the Dublin Core schema for its metadata. The INFLIBNET Centre, promotes setting-up of institutional and ETD repositories in member universities using OAI-PMH complaint software. A number of member universities have already set-up their institutional and ETD repositories using either DSpace or other OAI-PMH compliant Institutional Repository software. It would be possible for universities having sufficient network and computing infrastructure to maintain their own ETD repositories wherein their research scholars could deposit e-versions of their theses and dissertations. Moreover, they can use Shodhganga to host their theses as backup archives. INFLIBNET Centre, besides maintaining the Central ETD Repository (Shodhganga) would also deploy a central server to harvest the metadata from all such ETD repositories distributed in universities with an aim to provided unified access to theses and dissertations through its harvesting server.

   Shodhganga replicates academic structure of each University in terms of Departments/ Centres/ Colleges each University has to facilitate ease of navigation. This structure facilitates research scholars from universities to deposit their theses in the respective Department / Centre / College. As shown in the Fig 1, option for simple search and advance search are available on the home page along with browsing facility through universities and departments. The Centre is also developing a semantic web-based interface to facilitate subject-based browsing, navigation, search and retrieval of content available in the repository.

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Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET

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