how to write application letter to an oil company

The following letter was sent in February 2005 by the Division of Corporation Finance to registrants identified as being engaged in oil and gas operations. In conjunction with this guidance, please note:

Chief Financial Officer
Company
Address

Dear Chief Financial Officer,

We have recently addressed several accounting and disclosure issues that may apply to your oil and gas or other operations. To the extent applicable, please consider these issues when preparing your next financial report covering periods ending on or after December 15, 2004.

Buy/Sell Arrangements

We understand that some companies in the petroleum industry are reporting activity related to buy/sell arrangements for oil and gas commodities at fair value on a gross basis in their statements of operations. These transactions typically involve contractual arrangements that establish the terms of the buy and sell agreements either jointly, in a single contract, or separately, in individual contracts that are entered into concurrently or in contemplation of one another with a single counterparty. There may be provisions accommodating differences in quantities or grades, receipt and delivery locations, and stipulating that monetary consideration accompany the exchange. Such arrangements may be employed to facilitate the procurement of feedstock for refinery operations, or to otherwise manage the supply chain or inventory generally. Some companies may find it necessary to enter into a series of these transactions with different counterparties in an effort to obtain a given quantity of feedstock or inventory for a single location. We understand that these arrangements are undertaken due to market forces of supply and demand, and may serve to increase the efficiency with which transportation assets are utilized, or to reduce the overall cost of acquiring inventory.

The Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is currently considering the issue as to whether some or all of these buy/sell arrangements should be accounted for at historical cost pursuant to the guidance in paragraph 21(a) of APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions. Additionally, we have questions regarding the appropriateness of reporting the proceeds and costs of buy/sell arrangements on a gross basis in the statement of operations. Although consideration of these issues is not yet complete, it is apparent that proceeds and costs associated with such transactions are fundamentally different in character than those of a company's primary operations.

Accordingly, in filings that include financial reports covering periods ending on or after December 15, 2004, you should separately identify on the face of the statements of operations the proceeds and costs associated with buy/sell and comparable arrangements reported on a gross basis for all periods presented. You may accomplish this by either presenting the amounts as separate line items, or within parenthetical notations next to the captions that include these amounts. If the amounts are not material enough for disclosure on the face of the statements of operations, you should disclose the amounts in a footnote. We ask you to fully disclose in the accounting policy notes the characteristics of material arrangements of this type, the circumstances under which they are used, and the accounting literature relied upon in determining whether gross or net reporting would apply. You should also explain in your policy notes that the EITF is considering related matters in Issue 04-13, and describe how the financial statement presentation might change should a single method of reporting be required. Where reported volumes and revenues reflect material activity arising from these transactions, you should include quantification of the effects and address any related material trends and uncertainties in your Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A).

Our observations, and the disclosure guidance provided herein, are based on experience with transactions utilized in the petroleum industry; however they may have application to non-petroleum products and other industries. If you report proceeds and related costs from buy-sell or comparable transactions on a gross basis and you file a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933 prior to including disclosure in your annual report, then you should disclose the issue as a recent development in your registration statement.

Exploratory Drilling Costs

In the course of reviewing filings made by companies in the petroleum industry, we have observed instances where the accounting for exploratory drilling costs has not corresponded to the explicit requirements in paragraphs 31-34 of FASB Statement No. 19, Financial Accounting and Reporting by Oil and Gas Producing Companies (SFAS 19). We are aware that the FASB has posted for comment a proposed FASB Staff Position (FSP) to revise SFAS 19. 1 In the meantime clearly describe your policies and practices, contrasted with the explicit requirements set forth in paragraphs 31 and 34 prohibiting continued capitalization more than one year following completion of drilling unless certain criteria are met.

In those situations where drilling has been completed for more than one year and notwithstanding the proposed FSP, we believe you should be able to demonstrate currently that you have been actively and continuously pursuing those activities necessary to classify reserves as proved, and that any extended delay has been beyond your control. For example, we generally would not view conducting environmental or engineering design studies, or searching for partners in development or production, as providing reasonable support for the deferral of exploratory drilling costs beyond one year after drilling is complete. In those cases where justification of continued deferral is linked to your pursuit of required permits, you should be able to demonstrate that you have taken reasonable steps to secure all required permits on a timely basis.

If you report capitalized exploratory drilling costs on your balance sheets, disclose the following in your financial statements:

• The accounting policy regarding capitalization of exploratory drilling costs, including the criteria management applies in evaluating whether costs incurred meet the criteria for initial and continued capitalization and the frequency with which such evaluations are made;  
• Total capitalized exploratory drilling costs, as of each balance sheet date, pending the determination of proved reserves;  
• As of the most recent balance sheet date, the number of wells and amount of such capitalized costs that are associated with:  
• wells in areas requiring a major capital expenditure before production could begin, where additional drilling efforts are not underway or firmly planned for the near future, and  
• wells in areas not requiring a major capital expenditure before production could begin, where more than one year has elapsed since the completion of drilling;  
• Further sub-divisions in amounts based on any additional criteria (such as, particular projects or phases in the exploration programs) that would be meaningful in conveying information about the uncertainty and risk profile of these cost pools;  
• For exploratory drilling costs that continue to be capitalized as such after the completion of drilling, an explanation of the delay in characterizing reserves as proved reserves, including the activities undertaken to evaluate the reserves and the wells, additional information needed before the associated reserves may be classified as proved, and the estimated timing of when the evaluation of the reserves will be completed;  
• An estimate of the effects on your financial statements as of the beginning of the earliest year and for each year of operations presented that would have resulted from your application of the proposed FSP;  
• A tabular disaggregation of exploratory drilling costs deferred by year, or using several ranges of years, sufficient to convey the length of time that has elapsed since the incurrence of costs for completed individual wells that do not require a major capital expenditure before production could begin, along with an indication of the number of wells to which those costs relate; and  
• For each period in which a statement of operations is presented, the net changes from period to period in capitalized exploratory drilling costs, including separate disclosure of:  
• additions to capitalized exploratory drilling costs that are pending the determination of proved reserves,  
• capitalized exploratory drilling costs that were reclassified to wells, equipment and facilities based on the determination of proved reserves, and  
• capitalized exploratory drilling costs that were charged to expense.  

Finally, MD&A disclosures should address the trends and uncertainties related to exploration expenses, and the extent to which they were affected by the deferral of exploratory drilling costs. We will not object to a discussion of any diversity in practice that may have existed previously with respect to the capitalization of exploratory drilling costs, or changes in the industry affecting your operations that have occurred since SFAS 19 was issued that are the basis for the proposed FSP.

Disposition of Oil and Gas Properties under Rule 4-10(c) of Regulation S-X

Pursuant to FASB Statement No. 141, Business Combinations (SFAS 141, and its predecessor, APB Opinion No. 16 (APB 16)), goodwill may be recognized in connection with the acquisition of oil and gas exploration and production properties that constitute a business. Rule 4-10(c)(6)(i) of Regulation S-X, applicable to the full cost accounting method, specifies that "sales of oil and gas properties, whether or not being amortized currently, shall be accounted for as adjustments of capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized, unless such adjustments would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves of oil and gas attributable to a cost center." It goes on to indicate that "a significant alteration would not ordinarily be expected to occur for sales involving less than 25% of the reserve quantities of a given cost center."

The staff considered the specific circumstance of a property disposition that resulted in a less than 25% alteration of the proved oil and gas reserve quantities within a full cost center. In connection with that disposition, the staff considered if goodwill should be allocated to the property disposed, and, if so, whether that allocated goodwill should remain as a component of the capitalized full cost center or be reflected in the statement of operations. The staff notes that Rule 4-10(c) of Regulation S-X only addresses the accounting for exploration and production costs and expenses and does not contemplate the recognition of goodwill. Conversely, in connection with the acquisition of oil and gas properties that constitute a business, SFAS 141 (APB 16) requires that fair value be allocated to those properties and other identifiable assets with only the excess purchase price recognized as goodwill.

The staff concluded that Rule 4-10(c) of Regulation S-X should be applied literally and, as a consequence, only the fair value allocated to the oil and gas properties in a business acquisition should be included in the costs accounted for under that Rule. Goodwill associated with acquisitions of oil and gas properties that constitute a business is recognized in accordance with SFAS 141 but accounted for outside of the full cost rules. Therefore, when dispositions of these properties occur, the goodwill previously recognized does not affect the associated adjustments contemplated under Rule 4-10(c)(6)(i). Rather, the accounting for the goodwill and any potential impairment should follow the provisions of FASB Statement No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS 142). You should consider whether a property disposition that results in a less than 25% alteration of the proved oil and gas reserve quantities within a given cost center is a trigger that requires goodwill be evaluated for impairment under SFAS 142. Note that the staff has not yet addressed whether any portion of goodwill should be allocated to a disposition of greater than 25%, but less than 100%, of the oil and gas reserves in a given cost center, and companies in this circumstance should consult with the staff.

If you have any questions regarding this letter, please call Leslie Overton at (202) 942-2960 or Barry Stem at (202) 942-1870.

Carol A. Stacey Chief Accountant

1 Proposed FSP FAS 19-a was posted for comment on the FASB's web site on February 4, 2005.

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How to write a job application email that gets a reply

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First things first: Collect your candidate information

How to write a job application email in 6 steps, 5 email templates for job applications, your email’s first impression.

Imagine you're surfing a job board and you finally see it: your dream job. 

The adrenaline kicks in, but so does the realization that your first contact with the company sets the stage for your professional relationship. This is your initial greeting, and you need to draft a convincing job application email that shows off your experience and ultimately secures that all-important interview.

In the digital age, a simple email carries the weight of a first impression . Think of it as your digital handshake — firm, confident, and memorable. Crafting that perfect email is an art that opens doors to opportunities and sets the stage for your next career move . 

Your email for job applications isn’t just a platform to showcase your professional development . It’s about giving a holistic view of who you are and how that aligns with a company's core values , even though you have limited space. 

But the ultimate goal is to send in your application, and that means collecting all necessary documents and information the job posting asks for. Before penning your thoughts, make sure you have these essentials:

Cover letter: According to a survey from recruiting software Jobvite, 31% of job seekers want companies to remove cover letters from the hiring process . But even if you fall into this group, cover letters are an important step. Consider them your elevator pitch in document form. 

You’ll accentuate your strengths while expressing your enthusiasm for the role. Double-check your cover letter to tailor it to the job description, highlight your accomplishments, and make it more than a regurgitation of your resume.

• Resume: Your resume represents your professional journey, showcasing your work experience, skills, and educational background. Make sure it’s free from typos and informative without including too much. Remember to choose the right type of resume and rename the file when you attach it, preferably with your full name and the position title.
• Portfolio or work samples: If you're venturing into fields like graphic design, writing, or any other creative domain, make a portfolio that speaks louder than words. It should encapsulate your style, versatility, and expertise. Make sure it’s up-to-date and mirrors the requirements of the job listing. A website-based portfolio might work for some positions, but others could ask for a PDF.
• Additional information: Job postings sometimes come with unique demands. They may want to know about certifications, years of experience, or even niche skills. If the job posting lists any specific asks, provide them. This showcases that you’ve read, understood, and met the criteria, demonstrating attention to detail .

According to an eye-tracking study from job aggregate Ladders, recruiters only spend 7.4 seconds looking at each resume . If you want to make a lasting impression and stand out in the job search , every detail counts. Here’s a guide to ensuring recruiters and hiring managers notice you:

1. Include a clear and concise subject line

Your subject line sets the tone. It's the first thing a recruiter sees and often determines whether they’ll even open the email at all. Make it concise and relevant, incorporating the job title and your name, like “Graphic Designer Role — Alex Smith.” This straightforward approach shows you respect the hiring manager's time and helps you stand out in a sea of vague “job application” subject lines.

Beyond the basic info, consider the things that make the role unique. If the job posting emphasizes a specific skill or requirement, try incorporating it, like “Digital Marketing Expert with SEO Specialization — Jamie Carter.” Remember, clarity trumps creativity in this space, so when in doubt, keep it simple.

2. Write the body of your email

Kick off with a professional yet approachable salutation. “To whom it may concern” works if you don’t have the hiring manager or recruiter’s name. But if you do, personalize it to let them know you’re paying attention. 

The opening paragraph should be your hook. Instead of a generic introduction, dive straight into the reasons why you're the candidate they’ve been searching for. Link your experience and skills with the job description to show you've done your homework. Something like “I am a growth expert with 10+ years of experience” is much more effective than “I am interested in the job you posted.”

After the salutation, it's all about engaging the reader. Share a short, relevant anecdote that connects you to the company's mission or the specific role. If it emphasizes innovation , talk about a time you thought outside the box to pioneer a new method or strategy. Prove you’re not looking for any job: you’re looking for this job.

3. Make a pitch

A pitch isn’t about bragging. It’s about succinctly conveying what makes you unique. Use the body of your email to highlight a couple of key achievements or experiences that align with the role. Maybe you boosted sales by 30% in your last job or led a team that executed a successful project. 

After your initial pitch, tie it back to the company. Explain how your work accomplishments will directly benefit the team. If you boosted those sales by 30%, explain how that experience will transfer over to this new position. Connect your past victories to their future successes. 

You don’t have to write a full cover letter in the body of your email (unless that’s what the posting asks for). Just use the space to further explain your candidacy and motivation .

4. Provide your contact information

Ensure potential employers can easily reach you. Even if you’ve included your contact information in your resume, your email should have your phone number, professional email address, and your LinkedIn profile .

Beyond the basics, make yourself available for follow-up questions or discussions. Offer a time frame when you’re most reachable, like “Available for calls between 2 PM and 4 PM on weekdays.” It not only shows initiative but subtly communicates respect for their time by eliminating back-and-forth scheduling.

5. Rename your resume files

This might sound like a minor detail, but your file names are more important than you think. A resume with a title like “Resume1” or “MarketingCV_final” doesn’t scream professionalism and makes it harder for recruiters to keep track of your docs. Keep it simple with a format like “AlinaJones_ProjectManager” to make your resume stand out .

If you're submitting multiple documents, like a cover letter or a list of references , ensure they all follow a consistent naming pattern. This looks more professional and helps recruiters organize your materials. Think “AlinaJones_CoverLetter” and “AlinaJones_References.” It’s clean and shows attention to detail.

6. Add your portfolio

For jobs where showing beats telling, the quality of your portfolio is critical. Include your portfolio as an attachment or as a link, depending on your preference and what the job posting asks for. Just ensure that whatever you share represents your best work.

In a 2019 study, Mailchimp found that the average email open rate is only 21% — meaning recruiters might not read your email at all. That’s why your application needs to rise above the noise. Save time and write the best application possible with these tailor-made job application templates:

1. Entry-level job application example

You're at the starting line of your professional journey, but that doesn’t mean you don’t have value as an applicant. Your motivation and educational experience can still be enough to show employers you’re a good candidate.

This sample letter can help you express your enthusiasm for the role you’re applying for and showcase the skills and experiences that make you the perfect fit:

Subject line: [Full name] – [Position]

To whom it may concern,

I’m [full name], a passionate [field of interest], writing to express my interest in the entry-level [position] at [company name]. I discovered the role on [job board/company website] and am drawn to it because of [company's mission/vision/reputation].

My educational journey equipped me with [relevant skills], further enhanced by my [previous job] at [other company name]. This experience instilled a passion for crafting innovative solutions that align with [company mission].

I am attaching my resume detailing my qualifications. Thank you for considering my application. 

Sincerely, 

[Full name]

[Contact information]

2. Mid-career job application example

You have a wealth of experience under your belt and are ready for a new challenge. This sample letter will help you articulate your accomplishments and how they align with the new role you’re seeking:

Dear [hiring manager’s name],

I am an accomplished [job title] with [number] years of professional experience. I came across the position at [company name] on [job board/company website], and I'm excited about the possibility of contributing to [company’s project or goal].

My journey in [industry] involves [relevant skills and responsibilities], with significant contributions to companies like [other company names]. I feel confident that my expertise can bring valuable insights to your team.

My resume, attached for your review, provides more detailed information about my qualifications and achievements. I look forward to discussing our mutual goals and aspirations.

[Full name] 

3. Change of field sample job application

Making a career change is daunting, but that doesn’t mean it’s impossible. Your diverse background brings a unique perspective to the table, so use this chance to explain your transferable skills and experience. This sample email will help you highlight your expertise and express your eagerness to enter a new field:

Subject line: [Full Name] – [Position]

Hello [hiring manager’s name]

My name is [full name], and I’m applying for the [job title] opening at [company name]. I saw this role on [job board/company website] and it immediately stood out to me because [company or position details].

Having served as a [previous role], I deeply understand [relevant skill or specialty]. This foundation, combined with my recent experience with [relevant skill or specialty], equips me to [listed job requirement]. I’m ready to offer a unique perspective to your team.

Please refer to the attached documents for a comprehensive look at my qualifications. I'm available for a call this week or next to delve deeper into how my background can be an asset to your projects.

4. Return to workforce

Taking a break from your career is sometimes necessary, and that doesn’t make you a lesser candidate when you decide to return. You don’t have to go into detail about your career break in your application, but it is good to mention so hiring managers know you’re honest and transparent . 

This sample letter will help you communicate your readiness to get back to work and your enthusiasm for the role or industry you’re re-entering:

Subject line: [Full Name] – [Position] Re-entering the [Industry] Scene

I’m an experienced [job title] interested in the open role at [company name]. With a decade's worth of experience with [skill], notably at [other company name], I have a proven track record in executing, delegating, and prioritizing tasks efficiently. I'm prepared to merge my prior expertise with fresh insights for your upcoming projects.

Over the past few years, I took a break in my career, and I’m eager to re-enter the workforce. During this time, I stayed up-to-date on the industry, [subject] in particular, and I’m also [note any accomplishments from your break].

I've attached my resume detailing my journey and accomplishments. Please let me know if you need further information.

5. Recent graduate application letter example

If you've recently graduated and are ready to embark on your career journey, don’t be afraid to state that in your application. Your knowledge is fresh, and that’s an asset. This sample letter will help you highlight your academic achievements and relevant experiences as you express your excitement for the role:

Subject line: [Full Name] – [Degree]

I am [full name], a [year] [degree] graduate, and I’m reaching out regarding the role at [company name], which I found on [job board/company website].

My academic achievements and internship at [previous company] gave me a robust foundation in [relevant skill or specialty]. I'm eager to apply these skills to enhance brand engagement at [company name] while continuing to grow my expertise.

Enclosed, please find my resume and relevant documents. I look forward to discussing how I can contribute to [company project/goal].

Navigating the job market is no easy task, but a compelling job application email can be your ticket to standing out. Remember, it's all about showcasing your strengths, experiences, and passion — so, put your best foot forward and make every word count.

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Elizabeth Perry, ACC

Elizabeth Perry is a Coach Community Manager at BetterUp. She uses strategic engagement strategies to cultivate a learning community across a global network of Coaches through in-person and virtual experiences, technology-enabled platforms, and strategic coaching industry partnerships. With over 3 years of coaching experience and a certification in transformative leadership and life coaching from Sofia University, Elizabeth leverages transpersonal psychology expertise to help coaches and clients gain awareness of their behavioral and thought patterns, discover their purpose and passions, and elevate their potential. She is a lifelong student of psychology, personal growth, and human potential as well as an ICF-certified ACC transpersonal life and leadership Coach.

Use severance package negotiation to ask for the compensation you deserve

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What to Write in an Email When Sending a Resume [+ Examples & Tips]

In today’s world, there are many ways to submit a job application: in-person, job-search platforms such as CakeResume and LinkedIn , and the company's official website. Despite that, email to send resume is still relevant as many recruiters require job-seekers to email job applications and documents.

As you send your resume by email, the content of email with a resume is exceptionally important since it is the first thing that recruiters will see. 

So, if you’re wondering what to write in an email when sending a resume, in this article, we will guide you to write an effective job application email that is eye-catching and convincing.

Table of Contents

What to Write in an Email When Sending a Resume

Simple job application email samples, tips for writing an email to send a resume for job applications.

When Considering what to write in an email when sending a resume, think of the elements that need to be included in it. Each element plays a role and conveys a different message. We compile the following list for you to format your mail properly as you email your resume. 

Here are the 7 key elements for a resume mail format:

1) A Clear Subject Line

The subject line is the first things recruiters look at and determine whether they will open your job application email or not. So when sending your job application email, ask yourself if the subject line is clear enough.

You can use this format to write your subject line: 

[Application] + [Job Position You're Applying For] at [COMPANY NAME] + [Your Name].

Let’s take a look at this simple job application email sample:

Example of an email subject line for sending a resume #1

 [Application] Marketing Manager at ABC Company — Frank Davies

Keep in mind that some job vacancies ask applicants to use specific guidelines when sending resume via email, so make sure to follow that.

2) Greetings

There are various ways to greet when sending an email with a resume. While you can be creative, it's better to be direct and professional. Find out who you’ll send this email to, and if you don’t know the name of the recipient, you can simply use “hiring manager” or “Recruitment Department at XYZ company.

3) Self Introduction and Objectives

Start off your email by stating who you are and why you are writing the email. The job application email sample is indicated at the bottom of this article, but to summarize, the opening statement(s) of your email should be a brief presentation of your application. Here are some examples of how to write a self-introduction and email objectives when sending your resume via email:

Examples of introduction when emailing a resume:

• “My name is Roger Jones. I’m writing this email to express my interest in the job vacancy at Valcor”
• “My name is Roger Jones, and I am submitting my application for the current job opening as Financial Analyst at Valcor.”
• “My name is Roger Jones. I came across Valcor's job ads on CakeResume, and I am keen on applying for the Marketing Specialist position."

The first section/paragraph of your job application email should not be more than three sentences. Keep it short and straight to the point, and remember to avoid using possessive pronouns when referring to the company you’re applying for (e.g., “your company”); you should use the company names instead.

4) Reasons for Applying and Your Accomplishments

After the greeting and the introduction, your next paragraph should talk about your qualifications and why you are interested in working for them. You can also let them know what’s the job description that makes you want to apply for the position.

Here are some guidelines for you:

• Accomplishments
• Relevant work experience
• Qualifications directly related to the job description’s requirements

You can also include your most outstanding license or certification or even extracurricular activities like relevant internships, achievements in uni, and relevant courses.

However, don’t go in-depth! You want to write a brief summary of your relevant accomplishments to catch the attention of recruiters as well as intrigue them to open your resume.

5) Proposal to Meet in Person

This part is the last section before closing and signing your name. A proposal to meet in person is a sign of enthusiasm and work-ready. Simply state that you’re willing to meet to have further discussion about the vacancy and qualifications. You can also let them know that you welcome any questions they have about your resume or experience.

6) Attached Resume

Employers usually require you to send your resume in either a Word or pdf format via mail. If they don't specify their preference for the format of your resume files, send your resume to the HR in PDF format to avoid technical issues.

7) Professional Signature with Contact Details

Finish your job application email with a professional e-signature, name, and contact details like phone number and email address. This gives a personal and professional touch to your email to which your resume is attached.

Now that we have discussed the important elements to include in a job application email, let's review three sample emails for reference. These examples can guide you not only on the formatting of the email but also on what sentences to write when you send your resume.

Job application email sample #1

Subject: Job Application - Operations Manager, Job ID #27423 - Michael Wilson

Dear Mr. Adams,

My name is Michael Wilson, an experience operation manager with three years of experience. I came across Vallo's job post on CakeResume and am interested in applying for the vacancy. I have attached my resume and cover letter to this email for your consideration.

For the past 10 years, I have handled many capital projects, operations management, and process improvement. I want to be part of a team that will make the mission of Vallo Inc. a reality. Moreover, I believe Vallo has the financial strength and stability to allow me to gain more expertise.

I welcome the opportunity to have a one-on-one meeting with you to learn more about the opening position. I can be reached at [email protected] .

Thank you for your time and consideration

Sincerely, [Signature] Michael Wilson Operations Manager [email protected] (+81) 0000-2382

Job application email sample #2

Subject: Marketing Assistant Application - Frederick Walters

Dear Hiring Manager,

I am interested in applying for the position of marketing assistant at Tello Inc. My resume and cover letter are attached to this email for your consideration.

For the past eight years, I have been responsible for creating marketing plans for various companies. Moreover, I have executed marketing plans on my own and have provided marketing advice to clients. I believe these qualifications will benefit Tello’s short-term and long-term goals.

I appreciate you taking the time to review my resume and my cover letter. Looking forward to hearing from you.

Frederick Walters Marketing Specialist  [email protected] (+15) 0000-3219

Sample email when mailing a resume #3

Subject: [APPLICATION] Graphic Designer Internship at Be Creative - Lester Williams

My name is Lester Williams. I graduated from the Georgia Institute of Technology with a bachelor's degree in Graphic Design. As I came across your job posting on CakeResume, I’m really keen on being a part of your company.  I have recently worked for Eternal Publishing, and I am very eager to apply my skills and knowledge acquired from this internship to contribute to Be Creative. 

I have attached my resume and portfolio for your review and consideration

Thank you for reviewing my application. 

Looking forward to hearing about any steps or procedures.

Lester Williams  [email protected] (+4) 0000-4657 www.linkedin.com/in/lester_williams

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Put your cover letter in your email when sending your resume.

While you can use your cover letter as a job application email, in most cases, you just need to send a short message to notify the recruiter about your application. Hence, it’s recommended to add a cover letter to your email when sending a resume to help companies understand your work experience and aspirations in a more comprehensive way. 

Use a professional-looking email address.

While what to write in the mail when sending a resume is important, so is the “who,” and that is your email address. Using your first and last name as an email address is a safe practice. If you need to include numbers, try to use a few digits and make sure these don’t have inappropriate associations (e.g., 666).

Address the hiring manager by their name.

For better results, it is best to write the recruiter’s name in the greeting while sending your resume. If you can’t find their name, stick to writing “Hiring manager.”

Be straight to the point and concise.

As shown in each job application email sample, your body text should be concise and clear. Remember that what you say when emailing a resume is to introduce yourself and briefly state your motivation and qualifications.

Use the correct resume file format.

Before you attach your resume to the email and send it out to HR, make sure your resume is in the correct format. Some companies specify what file format they want, but when there is no such requirement/instruction, sending in your resume in PDF format is the safest option.

Thoroughly check your mail, including the subject line, the email body, and your signature, for any mistakes when you are about to send out your job application email.

Send a test email message to yourself.

An excellent practice is to have a preview of how your email looks to the receiver, so send a test email to yourself to see if your resume mail and its format are on-point.

Add a LinkedIn URL, personal website, or portfolio link.

Knowing what to say when emailing a resume is important, but if you have a presentable and eye-catching portfolio, recruiters will surely take your application into consideration. So don’t be shy away from including them.

Key Takeaways

When sending your resume via email, the email is like a ‘preface’ of your application, so knowing what to say in every part of the email and how to format it is important to get your application reviewed. Make sure to format your email properly when sending an email, the best practice is to follow any format recruiters ask for when submitting your application. If there are no specifications on formatting, follow the rules for general business letters when you send your resume via email.

Remember, job application emails sent to HR for your job application should highlight your strengths and qualifications like a cover letter but shouldn't be as long as one, don’t forget to include a properly formatted resume as an attachment.

Your resume can be made with a free resume builder like CakeResume, which also provides you with thousands of ready-to-use resume templates . With simple drag-drop action, you can create an eye-catching and compelling resume.

Found this article helpful? Follow us for more!

--- Originally written by Jose J. Rosales ---

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How to Write an MBA Recommendation Letter

Be the best advocate for an MBA candidate you can be by crafting a strong letter of recommendation.

In order to gain admittance into a Master of Business Administration (MBA) program, prospective students often need to submit one or two letters of recommendation as part of their business school application .

Typically, business schools expect to see these one-page letters of recommendation coming from employers, academic advisors, or other mentors who are able to offer insight through a career-oriented lens and forecast the prospective student’s level of success in pursuing their MBA.

If you have been asked to write a letter of recommendation for a prospective MBA candidate, it likely means that person values your relationship and respects your position in the business world, and that they hope you see their potential. In this article, we’ll discuss how you might effectively translate your insight into a formal MBA recommendation letter.

Do you need an MBA recommendation letter?

Gain insight into effective ways to ask for a letter of recommendation from your professor, academic advisor, direct supervisor, or other members of your network who may be able to assist with your MBA application.

How to write an effective MBA recommendation letter

An MBA recommendation letter can help humanize a prospective student and offer a trusted outsider’s perspective on their working and learning habits. Here are some tips to help you prepare to write your letter.

Helpful resources before you begin

As you approach writing your letter, it may be helpful to spend some time gathering and processing information related to the prospective student’s application at large. Some helpful items may include:

The programs they are applying to

Their desired areas of study

Other application materials, including their personal statement , resume, and academic records

Any instructions regarding the letter of recommendation, including specific questions from the schools, your submission deadline, and the submission process

After you’ve reviewed the preliminary materials, have a conversation with the prospective student. Ask any lingering questions you may have about the expectations and process, and take the opportunity to gather any other information you may need before you begin organizing your letter.

Here are some questions that may help guide your letter:

What are your short-term and long-term goals, and how will an MBA help you achieve them?

What do you view as your greatest strengths, and what are your challenge areas?

What do you view as your greatest career accomplishment so far?

What aspect of business excites you the most?

Has there been an experience in our relationship that you felt influenced the way you approach business?

Be sure to take notes or record your conversation (with permission to do so!) so that you can refer back to the prospective student’s answers as you continue to work on the letter.

Outlining your MBA recommendation letter

Once you’ve gathered the necessary information, you're ready to start outlining or writing.

Structurally, your recommendation letter should be roughly one page in length, with an introduction, about two or three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Maintain a formal tone throughout the letter, and format it as you would a standard business letter.

Introduction

Open your letter with a formal introduction. Introduce yourself and note your credentials and affiliations. Then, introduce the prospective MBA candidate you’re writing about and a bit about your relationship with them. You’ll have the body of the letter to go into further detail, so keep this part brief.

Middle paragraphs

This is where you get the chance to discuss why you think this prospective student is a good fit for this MBA program. Talk about skills they possess, their leadership potential, or any other standout qualities that make this person unique among their peers. If the applicant has highly specialized goals—for example, they want to work in the nonprofit sector—try to connect those aims with the specific program you’re recommending them for. Incorporate specific examples of times you’ve witnessed these traits in action, and how those experiences support your position that this person will succeed in an MBA program.

Try to be genuine in this section. It’s okay to discuss areas of improvement or feedback you’ve given them in the past—particularly if that feedback has already been put into action in an impressive or noteworthy way.

To close, offer a broad-level overview of why you recommend the prospective student for this MBA program. Summarize the qualifications you’ve already detailed, and offer a mechanism for admissions officers to contact you should they have further questions.

What is the Common Letter of Recommendation?

The Graduate Management Admission Council created the Common Letter of Recommendation (LOR) to help streamline the MBA recommendation letter process. The Common LOR is a template questionnaire that asks the same basic questions a traditional recommendation letter is expected to address. However, rather than writing individual letters to each school, the Common LOR is a widely accepted, standardized document that you can fill out once and submit to many schools.

For more tips, watch this video on writing letters of recommendation from a Stanford University professor:

MBA recommendation letter sample

To help you start writing your recommendation letter, use this template . Here is a sample letter created with the template.

Learn more: How to Write a Letter of Recommendation (Template + Tips)

What MBA admissions officers look for in recommendation letters

Through the entire application process, MBA admissions officers are looking for evidence that any given applicant is ready to take this next educational step toward growing their career. With recommendation letters, they’re hoping to find a third-person point of view on a prospective student’s gained skills, career goals, and future potential.

Recommendation letters can be an important part of the application package, as they can back up the first-person perception the applicant offers with real, lived experiences. Some items an MBA admissions officer may notice in a recommendation letter are:

How well the recommender knows the applicant

Stories that support the applicant’s positive attributes

Evidence of specific desirable qualities in an MBA candidate, such as leadership and growth potential

How well the letter supports the rest of the application package

Once you’ve finished writing your letter, be sure to edit for clarity and proper grammar before submitting to the schools. If you need a review, explore Business Writing from the University of Colorado Boulder, available on Coursera. This series is designed to help learners master business writing and editing skills.

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How to Write a Reference Letter (Template & Examples)

By Ammar Ahmed

Published: January 29, 2024

A reference letter serves as a formal endorsement of an individual’s skills, character, and achievements, typically penned by a former employer, colleague, or academic mentor. 

This guide aims to empower professionals with the tools and knowledge to craft effective reference letters, combining best practices with practical templates to streamline this essential task.

Types of Reference Letters

Understanding the different types of reference letters is crucial for professionals, as each type caters to specific contexts and highlights various aspects of an individual’s profile. Below, we explore three key types: Professional, Academic, and Character Reference Letters.

Professional Reference Letters

Professional reference letters are written by a previous employer, supervisor, or professional colleague. They focus on the applicant’s work experience, skills, and professional achievements. These letters are often required during job applications or for career advancement opportunities. 

These letters should detail the individual’s role, responsibilities, key accomplishments, and work ethic. It’s essential to mention specific instances where the individual demonstrated their skills and contributed to the organization’s success.

Related Article: Who to Use for Professional References 

Academic Reference Letters

Academic reference letters are typically requested for educational pursuits, such as college admissions, scholarships, or academic awards. Written by teachers, professors, or academic advisors, these letters highlight the individual’s academic achievements, intellectual capabilities, and potential for future success in their field of study. 

They should reflect on the individual’s academic performance, participation in class, and any notable projects or research work. This type of letter often emphasizes the individual’s dedication, curiosity, and ability to overcome academic challenges.

Character Reference Letters

Character reference letters focus primarily on the personal attributes of an individual. They are usually written by someone who knows the person well but is not a family member, such as a mentor, family friend, or community leader. 

These letters are particularly important when assessing an individual’s suitability for a role that requires a high degree of trust and integrity. They should provide insights into the individual’s character, values, and behaviors, illustrating how these traits have been beneficial in various situations.

Related Article : How Many References Should You Have? 

Letter of Recommendation Examples

In crafting a letter of recommendation, it’s essential to tailor the content to the specific needs and strengths of the individual. Whether it’s for a professional role, character assessment, or a remote work position, each letter should effectively highlight the candidate’s unique qualities and contributions. 

These examples are designed to provide a clear understanding of how to articulate a candidate’s abilities and achievements in a manner that resonates with the recipient, ensuring the letter is both compelling and relevant to the candidate’s desired opportunity.

Professional Employment Reference Letter

Taylor Robinson Hiring Committee Chair Innovatech Solutions 321 Future St. Techville, TV 32167 April 5, 2024

Dear Mr./Ms. Robinson,

It is with great enthusiasm that I recommend Laura Smith for the position of Project Manager at Innovatech Solutions. As the Senior Director of Project Management at TechGenius, I had the privilege of observing Laura’s professional growth and remarkable contributions over her four-year tenure as an Assistant Project Manager.

Laura’s standout achievement was her leadership in the “GreenTech Initiative” project in 2020. Under her guidance, the project not only met but exceeded its objectives, achieving a 30% increase in energy efficiency for our client’s products. Her strategic planning, combined with her ability to seamlessly integrate new technology into existing systems, was critical to the project’s success. Laura’s innovative approach and meticulous attention to detail were instrumental in securing a 15% grant for future sustainability projects for TechGenius.

Beyond her technical skills, Laura’s interpersonal abilities truly set her apart. Her team leadership and conflict resolution skills were pivotal during challenging project phases, ensuring team cohesion and maintaining client satisfaction. Her mentorship of junior staff members has left a lasting positive impact on our department.

I am confident that Laura will bring the same level of exceptional performance, dedication, and innovation to the Project Manager role at Innovatech Solutions. Her blend of strategic foresight, technical expertise, and leadership ability makes her an excellent fit for your team. I strongly recommend her for this position and believe she will be a valuable asset to your organization.

Please feel free to contact me for any further information or clarification.

John Doe Senior Director of Project Management, TechGenius [email protected] +1 555 123 4567

Character Reference Letter for a Coworker

Jane Doe Human Resources Manager Green Earth Initiatives 123 Business Rd. Business City, BC 12345 January 1, 2024

Dear Ms. Doe,

I am writing to express my wholehearted support for Emily Johnson’s application for the Community Outreach Coordinator position at Green Earth Initiatives. As Emily’s coworker at Design & Innovate Corp for over five years, I have had the privilege of witnessing her exceptional character and dedication to community service.

Emily has always been more than just a proficient graphic designer ; she is a driving force for positive change within our community. One of her most notable contributions was her volunteer work with the local “Food for All” campaign, where she not only designed impactful promotional materials but also played a crucial role in organizing community food drives. Her efforts helped raise awareness and significant donations for the cause, demonstrating her compassion and commitment to helping those in need.

What truly sets Emily apart is her genuine empathy and integrity. She often takes the initiative to support new team members and creates an inclusive and welcoming work environment. Her ability to connect with people from diverse backgrounds, combined with her strong ethical values, makes her an outstanding role model and team player.

Emily’s passion for community engagement, along with her innate ability to inspire and mobilize people toward a common goal, makes her an ideal candidate for the Community Outreach Coordinator role. I am confident that her exceptional interpersonal skills and dedication to social causes will enable her to excel in this position and make a meaningful impact at Green Earth Initiatives.

Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information or insights regarding Emily’s character and abilities.

Warm regards,

David Thompson Senior Graphic Designer, Design & Innovate Corp [email protected] +1 555 678 9101

Remote Work Employment Reference Letter

Alex Martinez Hiring Manager VirtualTech Inc 456 Justice Ave. Law City, LC 45678 March 10, 2024

Dear Attorney Martinez,

I am delighted to recommend Mark Benson for the position of Lead Software Engineer at VirtualTech Inc. As the CTO of NetSolutions, where Mark has been working remotely for the past three years, I have had ample opportunity to observe his exceptional technical abilities and adaptability to the remote working model.

During his tenure with us, Mark was instrumental in developing our flagship product, CloudSync, a complex cloud storage solution. His technical expertise, particularly in cloud computing and cybersecurity, was vital in overcoming the project’s significant challenges. Despite the remote setting, Mark’s consistent communication and collaboration were standout qualities. He regularly led virtual team meetings and coding sessions, ensuring that all team members, regardless of their location, were aligned and engaged.

What impresses me most about Mark is his self-motivation and time management skills, crucial in a remote work environment. He has an innate ability to prioritize tasks effectively and meet deadlines without compromising on the quality of work. His initiative to conduct weekly virtual training sessions for the team not only enhanced our collective skill set but also fostered a sense of community and teamwork among remote employees.

Mark’s blend of technical acumen, excellent communication, and leadership skills, along with his proven ability to thrive in a remote work environment, makes him an ideal candidate for VirtualTech Inc. I am confident that he will be a valuable asset to your team and contribute significantly to your company’s success in the digital realm.

Please feel free to contact me if you would like further information or specific examples of Mark’s work and achievements.

Susan Lee Chief Technology Officer , NetSolutions [email protected] +1 555 234 5678

What to Include in a Reference Letter

When composing a reference letter, it’s essential to include certain key elements to ensure the letter is effective and provides a comprehensive overview of the candidate’s qualifications.

These elements include:

1. Sender’s Information

The sender’s information is a critical component of any reference letter, as it establishes the credibility and authority of the person writing the letter.

This section should be clearly outlined at the top of the letter and include the following details:

• Name: The full name of the individual writing the reference letter.
• Title or Position: The professional title or position of the sender, which adds weight to the reference. This should be the current title or the one held while working with the individual being recommended.
• Company or Organization: The name of the company or organization where the sender is employed or affiliated.
• Contact Information: Including an address, phone number, and email address is crucial. It not only offers a means for the recipient to verify the information or seek further clarification but also demonstrates transparency and openness.

2. Recipient’s Information

• Name: The full name of the recipient. If the recipient’s name is not known, a general title or department can be used, such as “Hiring Manager” or “Admissions Committee.”
• Title or Position: Including the recipient’s professional title or position helps in directing the letter to the appropriate person, especially in large organizations where multiple individuals may be involved in the decision-making process.
• Company or Organization: The name of the company or organization where the recipient works. This acknowledges the professional setting into which the candidate is seeking entry or advancement.
• Address: The full postal address of the company or organization. 

3. Salutation

The salutation in a reference letter is more than just a formality; it sets the tone for the communication and shows respect for the recipient.

Here are key elements to consider:

• A Formal Greeting: Begin with a formal greeting such as “Dear,” which is universally recognized as professional and respectful.
• Addressing the Recipient: If you know the recipient’s name, use it directly after the greeting, e.g., “Dear Mr. Smith,” or “Dear Dr. Jones.” 
• Inclusive and Respectful Language: If the recipient’s name or gender is unknown, use a neutral and inclusive salutation like “Dear Hiring Manager,” “Dear Selection Committee,” or “To Whom It May Concern”. 

4. Opening Paragraph

The opening paragraph of a reference letter is pivotal in establishing the context of your relationship with the candidate and setting the stage for the endorsement to follow.

Here are some elements to include in this initial section:

• Introduce Yourself: Start by introducing yourself to give the recipient an understanding of who you are. Mention your name and your professional position or title, as this adds credibility to your recommendation.
• Your Relationship with the Candidate: Clearly state your professional or academic relationship with the person you are recommending. This could be as their supervisor, colleague, professor, or mentor.
• Duration of Relationship: Include how long you have known the individual. This time frame helps the recipient gauge the depth and extent of your experience with the candidate.
• Purpose of the Letter: Briefly mention the purpose of your letter – to recommend the individual for a specific position, program, or opportunity. This sets a clear context for the rest of your letter.

5. Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs are the core of the reference letter, where you provide detailed insights into the candidate’s qualifications, skills, achievements, and character.

Here’s how to structure this section effectively:

• Specific Examples and Details: Use concrete examples to illustrate the person’s skills and qualifications. For instance, if you are highlighting their leadership skills, mention a specific project they led and the positive outcomes that resulted from it.
• Highlight Relevant Experiences and Accomplishments: Discuss experiences that directly relate to the position or opportunity the individual is pursuing. For example, if they’re applying for a managerial role focus on instances where they demonstrated effective management skills.
• Unique Qualities or Strengths: Point out any unique strengths or qualities that make the individual stand out. This could include exceptional problem-solving skills, innovative thinking, or a strong commitment to teamwork.
• Personal Anecdotes or Stories: Including a brief story or anecdote can make your letter more engaging and memorable. This could be an instance where the individual overcame a significant challenge or went above and beyond in their role.
• Balanced Perspective: While it’s important to focus on positive attributes, offering a balanced perspective can add authenticity to your letter. If appropriate, you can mention areas where the candidate has shown growth during your relationship.

Remember, the goal of these paragraphs is to provide a vivid picture of the candidate’s abilities and character. Well-chosen examples and stories make your endorsement more convincing and help the recipient understand why the individual is an excellent fit for the opportunity.

6. Closing Paragraph

The closing paragraph of a reference letter is where you encapsulate your overall recommendation and express your support for the individual.

Here are some elements to include:

• Summarize Key Points: Briefly restate the most important qualities, achievements, or skills of the candidate that you have highlighted in the letter. This reinforces your endorsement and reminds the reader of the candidate’s suitability for the position or opportunity.
• Express Your Strong Recommendation: Clearly state your confidence in the candidate and your belief in their suitability for the role or opportunity. Use affirmative language like, “I highly recommend,” or “I am confident that,” to leave no doubt about your support.
• Offer to Provide Further Information: Indicate your willingness to provide additional information or clarification if needed. This shows your genuine support and readiness to assist further in the candidate’s application process.
• Contact Information Reminder: Although your contact information is already at the top, a brief reminder here ensures that it is easily accessible for the reader, should they wish to follow up with you.

7. Closing Salutation

Here’s how to conclude your letter appropriately:

• Use a Professional Closing: Opt for a formal and universally accepted closing phrase. Common examples include “Sincerely,” “Best regards,” or “Yours truly.” 
• Consistency with the Tone: Ensure that the closing salutation matches the overall tone of your letter. If your letter is highly formal, a closing like “Sincerely” is appropriate. For a slightly less formal tone, “Best regards” can be a good choice.
• Space for Signature: If you are sending a hard copy or a scanned version of the letter, leave space for your handwritten signature above your typed name. This personal touch adds authenticity to the document.
• Typed Name and Title: Below the signature space, type your full name and title again. 

Related Article: When Do Employers Check References?

Reference Letter Template

This reference letter template is designed for professionals to easily adapt and customize according to the specific needs of the individual being recommended. Simply fill in the blanks and modify the text as necessary to suit your context.

[Your Name] [Your Title or Position] [Your Company or Organization] [Your Contact Information (Address, Phone Number, Email)] [Date]

[Recipient’s Name] [Recipient’s Title or Position] [Recipient’s Company or Organization] [Recipient’s Address]

Dear [Recipient’s Name],

I am writing to recommend [Candidate’s Full Name] for [Position/Opportunity/Program] at [Recipient’s Company/Organization/School]. As [Your Position] at [Your Company/Organization], I have had the pleasure of working with [Candidate’s Name] for [Duration of Relationship] and have witnessed [his/her/their] significant contributions first-hand.

[In this paragraph, provide specific examples of the candidate’s skills, achievements, and qualities. Mention a particular project or responsibility and the impact of their work. Highlight any unique attributes that set the candidate apart.]

[This paragraph should continue to build on the candidate’s qualifications. Include personal anecdotes or stories that illustrate their capabilities and character. Focus on how their contributions positively affected your team or organization.]

I am confident that [Candidate’s Name] will bring [his/her/their] remarkable [skills/qualities, such as leadership, creativity, dedication] to [Recipient’s Company/Organization/School]. [His/Her/Their] ability to [specific skill or contribution] makes [him/her/them] well-suited for [Position/Opportunity/Program]. I strongly endorse [his/her/their] candidacy and believe [he/she/they] will be a valuable addition to your [team/program/organization].

Please feel free to contact me at [Your Contact Information] if you require any further information or specific examples of [Candidate’s Name]’s work and achievements.

[Your Handwritten Signature (if applicable)]

[Your Typed Name] [Your Position]

Related Article: How to Provide References for a Job

Tips for Writing Letters of Recommendation

Crafting effective letters of recommendation requires a delicate balance of showcasing the candidate’s strengths, providing specific examples, and employing persuasive language. Here are some valuable tips to help you navigate the intricacies of this crucial task.

Quantify Achievements

When writing a letter of recommendation, it’s powerful to quantify the candidate’s achievements. Use specific figures and statistics to illustrate their accomplishments. For example, instead of saying “significantly increased sales,” specify “increased sales by 30% over six months.” This provides concrete evidence of their capabilities and makes their achievements more tangible and credible. Quantifying contributions also helps the recipient gauge the scale and impact of these accomplishments, offering a clearer picture of the candidate’s potential.

Connect to the Position or Opportunity

Tailor the letter to the specific position or opportunity the candidate is applying for. Highlight skills and experiences that are directly relevant to the job requirements or academic program. For instance, if the candidate is applying for a leadership role, emphasize their successful team management experiences. This shows that you understand what the role entails and have thoughtfully considered how the candidate’s skills and experiences make them a good fit, making your recommendation more relevant and persuasive.

Include Keywords

Identify important terms in the job listing or academic program description, such as “project management,” “analytical thinking,” or “creative problem-solving,” and weave them into your letter. This not only tailors the letter to the specific role but also ensures it passes through any automated screenings, increasing the chance that your recommendation will be read by decision-makers.

Leverage Technology for Reference Letter Management

Utilize technology platforms for efficient reference letter management. For example, online reference request platforms simplify the process of requesting, writing, storing, and submitting letters of recommendation. These tools often offer templates, reminders, and the ability to submit letters directly to institutions or employers. 

Leveraging such technology can streamline the process, ensuring timely submission and organization of your reference letters, while also offering a secure way to manage sensitive personal information contained within these documents.

Related Article: Reference Check Questions

About the Author

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How to Write an Employee Write-Up Form (With Template)

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How To Submit The Perfect Writing Sample In 2023 (With Examples)

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Find a Job You Really Want In

Writing samples are generally requested if you apply for a writing job. Depending on how instrumental writing is to the job, your writing sample can be a bigger factor in deciding whether or not to hire you than even your resume or cover letter . That means that you should pay at least much attention to it as your resume — if not more.

A good writing sample doesn’t just show that you write well. If you want a writing sample that’ll stand out from the others, you’ll need to make sure to match the tone, style, and quality of the writing that the employer’s looking for. If you’re looking to apply for a writing job or have had a potential employer request a writing sample, then you’re in the right place.

Key Takeaways:

A writing sample shows an example of your past written work or is written in response to a prompt given by an employer.

There are 3 types of writing samples: the portfolio writing sample, the pre-interview requested sample, and the impromptu writing sample.

When providing a sample, research the company ahead of time to make sure your sample matches their needs and tone.

Have someone proofread your samples ahead of submission.

Writing samples are usually requested during a job application, but sometimes they may be requested after an interview.

What is a writing sample?

When do employers request a writing sample, how to choose a writing sample, what if i don’t have a writing sample, writing sample tips, writing sample faq.

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Writing samples are examples of your written work. It can be either a past written work or something that you write up in response to an employer’s request. Most writing samples are either going to be submitted alongside your resume, but a number of hiring managers will request a writing sample after looking over your resume.

There are essentially three types of writing samples if you’re applying for a job:

The portfolio writing sample . Writers are well aware of this request. They’re looking for jobs writing, so they’ve taken some of their best work and pulled it together to represent their skills and style.

Whether your portfolio is online, a paper document, or you have both – these pieces should be your very best stuff. If you’re a new writer, they might be pieces you did in school. If you’re a professional, use your work that appeared in the best-known publications.

The pre-interview requested sample. This is something writers can expect to encounter quite often when they’re applying for jobs. They’ve been selected out of the applicant pool to show how they can write for the company in question.

They’ll typically be given a mock assignment and asked to do the job, or at least a part of it. This shows the hiring manager how your work would fit in with their company.

When you’re given this sort of test, research how the company writes articles or whatever sort of content you’re being asked to write. Matching the tone and style of the company is just as important as high writing quality.

Impromptu writing sample. This type of writing is less common, but it happens. It might be something you encounter if you’re not applying for a writing job, but the employer feels writing is an integral part of the job.

Employers request writing samples to gauge the quality, tone, and style of the writer to see if it fits with the necessary standard and style of their current body of work. Of the three writing sample types, two are requested well before the interview, and one is frequently completed at the interview .

During the job interview. There isn’t much you can do in preparation for an impromptu writing sample. You should have a solid foundation in language, literary comprehension, and grammar.

With the application. Some employers ask for a writing sample in the job posting. They don’t want to see your resume and cover letter without an accompanying writing sample.

As a follow-up. You may find that whether the employer requested a writing sample from the outset or not, they’ll then request a specific writing sample or a tailored sample.

At the interview. This is different than during the job interview because they’re asking you to bring something with you to the interview . Whether it’s a physical writing portfolio or something they’ve specifically asked you to complete.

As your writing sample can have a large impact on the interview process, it’s something you want to consider carefully. There are several factors to consider when selecting your writing sample. Of course you want something that showcases your ability, but you also want one that’s relevant and current.

Match the sample with the job. If at all possible, investigate what style they’re already using. If you’re going to write copy for their website, read what’s already posted and mimic that style. Hiring managers are going to be drawn to a writer that can write in the style the company uses.

Follow the employer’s directions. While this may seem self-explanatory, it requires listening to what the employer asks of you. If they request an email writing sample, give them one. If you don’t have one in your portfolio, write one.

Keep it current. While you may have a writing sample that showcases your writing skills extremely well or is published by a well-known publisher , it likely isn’t the best sample if it isn’t recent. Showing them an old writing sample makes it seem as though you haven’t kept current or kept up with your writing skills.

If you’re asked for multiple samples, you may be able to include an older piece, but make sure that your other samples are up to date.

When it’s not about research. If you’re creating a portfolio, especially an online version, it’s a great idea to show your strengths .

People with broad-based backgrounds need to bank on this and show all of their many writing styles and voices. Writers who have a niche need to highlight their skills there. So the idea is, when it’s not about research, it’s about you.

And don’t forget to be perfect. We shouldn’t have to point this out, but if you’re choosing a writing sample, you want it to be perfect – no spelling or grammar errors. There also shouldn’t be any factual errors.

The answer to this question is simple: write one. Unless the application specifies otherwise, there’s no requirement that the writing sample you submit has to be something you’ve already written.

Look at examples of the type of writing you think will be most effective, be it on the company website, social media posts, or writing examples. Then write something that you think will appeal to the hiring manager. A newly written, relevant sample is in many ways more likely to succeed than something from a portfolio.

There’s a lot that goes into a successful writing sample. You want to make sure it’s up-to-date, relevant, and a showcase of your writing skills. Then there’s the matter of making sure that there aren’t any typos or grammatical errors in it. If you want your writing sample to truly sparkle, here are some tips to help.

Keep a file of your best work. That way, you have something if the request is immediate. Timeliness matters when applying for jobs, and they might not wait a week for you to write something fresh.

Have someone else proofread your writing samples. Sometimes you are so involved in the words that you miss mistakes.

Try to tie your sample to the company’s voice, product line, industry, etc. This is where your research pays off.

Brag about your best work. By including it also.

Be current. A sample that’s ten years old is not going to go over well if you don’t have recent work as well.

Show diversity in style. While you want to customize to their requirements, it doesn’t hurt to let them know if you have some chameleon-like abilities.

Create a pdf and make it look good. A word document is one thing, but a pdf with some graphic design elements behind it can really polish your words and make them look legitimate.

Use the actual publication. If you can, submit the link to your published work. This adds tons of legitimacy and value to your work.

Lean toward the short side of things. You want them to read most of what you’re submitting. This means a 20 -page , in-depth research grant proposal is too much. How about just a sample from that document? You can always let them know that you’d be happy to send the entire document at their request. Otherwise, try to keep your samples to one page or less.

How do you start a writing sample?

To start a writing sample, research the company’s current written content. Pay attention to the tone, style, and reading level of whatever content you would be responsible for writing if hired. If you are writing a fresh sample based on a prompt, be sure to follow instructions carefully regarding word count, formatting, and topic choice.

If you are submitting a portfolio of writing samples, select the ones that best represent your ability to write for this specific employer.

For instance, if you have great writing samples for a travel magazine, but you’re applying for a financial advice website, you might want to lean towards submitting work that somewhat pertains to finance, like budgeting for a trip — even if it isn’t your highest-quality work.

Is a writing sample a cover letter?

No, a writing sample is not a cover letter. A cover letter is written specifically for a job opportunity and describes your relevant experience and interest in the position. A cover letter has two topics — you and the company.

A writing sample isn’t about you or the company (unless the prompt or employer suggestions specify otherwise). A writing sample is either an example of your past written work or a document written for the company in response to a prompt.

What do you do if you don’t have a writing sample?

If you don’t have a writing sample, write one. Although it is more work, it’s important to develop a writing portfolio. Even if your written work doesn’t land you the specific job, you’ll at least have a writing sample ready for the next job you apply for.

If the job states that you may only submit published writing samples, you can still attempt to submit a freshly written one. However, that does qualify as failure to follow instructions and is less likely to result in a job offer.

Should writing samples be sent as PDFs?

Writing samples should be sent in whatever format requested by the employer. If no format is specified, PDF is a fine option for ensuring that formatting will not change between devices. Sending your sample as a Google doc can also be convenient, as it allows for the employer to write comments directly in the file.

If you are submitting a portfolio, you can certainly create a PDF for individual samples, or stitch a few together to create one PDF. Creating a personal website is also a good idea, although it doesn’t allow you to tailor your samples for specific job opportunities.

Do you need a writing sample for a job interview?

If you’re applying for a writing job, then chances are very good that you’ll need a writing sample. However, the majority of jobs aren’t going to require a writing sample. And even if they do require a writing sample, it usually isn’t submitted during the job interview.

Yale University — Guide to Submitting a Writing Sample

Duke University — Writing Sample Guide

Columbia University — Tips on Providing a Quality Writing Sample

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Kristin Kizer is an award-winning writer, television and documentary producer, and content specialist who has worked on a wide variety of written, broadcast, and electronic publications. A former writer/producer for The Discovery Channel, she is now a freelance writer and delighted to be sharing her talents and time with the wonderful Zippia audience.

Denise Bitler has 30+ years of HR experience working in various industries and with all level of employees from hourly through C-suite, as well as company Board Members.She is the founder of Resume-Interview Success, LLC and is an expert in best practices related to resume, cover letter, and Executive bio writing, LinkedIn Profile optimization, job search strategies, and interview coaching.

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