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Great argumentative essay topics on domestic violence with prompts, dr. wilson mn.

July 31, 2022
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One of the most difficult parts of writing an argumentative essay is coming up with a topic and a thesis statement . Here’s a comprehensive list of Argumentative Essay Topics On Domestic Violence with Prompts.

Argumentative Essay Topics On Domestic Violence with Prompts

The consequences of domestic violence. Essay Prompt: Some people consider domestic violence a common thing in a household. What can it lead to? Give examples and suggest solutions.
Should domestic violence be taken seriously? Essay Prompt: Is domestic violence a common thing or a serious problem, which needs an immediate solution? Should women endure it?
Officer-Involved Domestic Violence, Essay Prompt: The number of officer-related domestic violence has been on the rise, which causes concern about the safety of the family members of police officers. The main reason domestic violence has been on the rise is the stressful work environment that police officers go through.
Theoretical Explanations for Domestic Violence Social Research Paper Essay Prompt: Domestic violence is one of the major societal problems experienced around the world. According to Guerin and Ortolan (2017), domestic violence encompasses aspects such as bullying, intimidation, and in extreme cases, murder perpetrated by an individual within a domestic setting.

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How Does Domestic Violence Influence Children’s Education? Essay Prompt: Domestic violence and education: examining the impact of domestic violence on young children, children, and young people and the potential role of schools. Frontiers in psychology. This article explores the adverse effects of domestic violence on children and the role of schools.
Types of domestic violence. Essay Prompt: Point out the ways women can be violated. What are the most dangerous ones? What are their consequences?
Domestic violence: a personal matter or an open problem? Essay Prompt: In this essay, discuss whether domestic violence should be kept in secret or brought out to publicity. Give your reasons.
Domestic violence: who is to blame? Essay Prompt: If a husband beats up his wife, is he a brute or does she really deserve it? Give your reasons.
Why women bear it. Essay Prompt: Try to find an answer to the question: why do women endure violence? Is it the absence of self-respect or the power of love? Give your reasons.
Domestic violence as the echo of the past. Essay Prompt: In the past, violence against women was acceptable and nowadays some men keep to such a stereotype. Is it reasonable to keep this “noble” tradition or should it become a thing of the past?

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Domestic violence argument topics

How to protect yourself from domestic violence? Essay Prompt: In this essay, you should make a research and point out ways to protect yourself from domestic tyranny. You may consult legislative documents.
I’m a victim: what to do? Essay Prompt: If one becomes a victim of domestic tyranny, what measures should be taken? How to punish the offender? Give examples.
Social services protecting victims of domestic violence. Essay Prompt: What are the social services protecting victims of violence? What are their functions? Do they really help?
How to recognize a despot. Essay Prompt: If husband has lifted his hand against wife once, he is sure to do it again and again. How can a tyrant be recognized and avoided? Offer your variants.
Punishment for offender. Essay Prompt: Consult special literature and comment how justice can punish a person blamed in domestic violence.
To forgive or not to forgive? Essay Prompt: Analyze the cases of domestic violence and decide whether tyranny can be forgiven. Decide whether it is reasonable, to give the offender one more chance. Explain why.
Domestic Violence, Child Abuse and Rape Violence Effects on Individual or Community Essay Prompt: Discuss your knowledge of the effects these three crimes have on individuals and society as a whole.
Negative Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay Prompt: This essay affirms that domestic violence poses a number of negative effects on children, including social development, brain development, and social behavior. (Domestic violence argument topics)
Why Domestic Violence Victims Don’t Leave Essay Prompt: There were surprising things in the video; for instance, the domestic violence follows predefined steps when the victim is new in the relationship.
Domestic Violence And Sociological Perspective Or Sociological Imagination Essay Prompt: Schools as Training Grounds for Domestic Violence and Sexual Harassment (Domestic violence argument topics)
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Essay On Domestic Violence

500 words essay on domestic violence.

Domestic violence refers to the violence and abuse which happens in a domestic setting like cohabitation or marriage. It is important to remember that domestic violence is not just physical but any kind of behaviour that tries to gain power and control over the victim. It can affect people from all walks of life and it basically subjects towards a partner, spouse or intimate family member. Through an essay on domestic violence, we will go through its causes and effects.

Causes of Domestic Violence

Often women and children are the soft targets of domestic violence. Domestic violence is a gruesome crime that also causes a number of deaths. Some of the most common causes of domestic violence are illiteracy and economical dependency on the menfolk.

The male-dominated society plays an important role in this problem. Further, dowry is also one of the leading causes which have the consequence of violence against newly-wed brides. In many parts of the world, physically assaulting women and passing horrendous remarks is common.

Moreover, children also become victims of this inhuman behaviour more than often. It is important to recognize the double standards and hypocrisy of society. A lot of the times, the abuser is either psychotic or requires psychological counselling.

However, in a more general term, domestic violence is the outcome of cumulative irresponsible behaviour which a section of society demonstrates. It is also important to note that solely the abuser is not just responsible but also those who allow this to happen and act as mere mute spectators.

Types of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence has many ill-effects which depend on the kind of domestic violence happening. It ranges from being physical to emotional and sexual to economic. A physical abuser uses physical force which injures the victim or endangers their life.

It includes hitting, punching, choking, slapping, and other kinds of violence. Moreover, the abuser also denies the victim medical care. Further, there is emotional abuse in which the person threatens and intimidates the victim. It also includes undermining their self-worth.

It includes threatening them with harm or public humiliation. Similarly, constant name-calling and criticism also count as emotional abuse. After that, we have sexual abuse in which the perpetrator uses force for unwanted sexual activity.

If your partner does not consent to it, it is forced which makes it sexual abuse. Finally, we have economic abuse where the abuser controls the victim’s money and their economic resources.

They do this to exert control on them and make them dependent solely on them. If your partner has to beg you for money, then it counts as economic abuse. This damages the self-esteem of the victim.

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Conclusion of the Essay on Domestic Violence

To conclude, domestic violence has many forms which include physical aggression like kicking and biting and it can also be sexual or emotional. It is essential to recognize the signs of domestic violence and report the abuser if it is happening around you or to you.

FAQ of Essay on Domestic Violence

Question 1: Why is domestic violence an issue?

Answer 1: Domestic violence has a major impact on the general health and wellbeing of individuals. It is because it causes physical injury, anxiety, depression. Moreover, it also impairs social skills and increases the likelihood that they will participate in practices harmful to their health, like self-harm or substance abuse.

Question 2: How does domestic violence affect a woman?

Answer 2: Domestic violence affects women in terms of ill health. It causes serious consequences on their mental and physical health which includes reproductive and sexual health. It also includes injuries, gynaecological problems, depression, suicide and more.

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World J Psychiatry
v.11(6); 2021 Jun 19

Intimate partner violence: A loop of abuse, depression and victimization

Marianna mazza.

Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy. moc.liamtoh@azzamannairam

Giuseppe Marano

Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy

Angela Gonsalez del Castillo

Service of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy

Daniela Chieffo

Laura monti, delfina janiri, lorenzo moccia, gabriele sani.

Corresponding author: Marianna Mazza, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome 00168, Italy. moc.liamtoh@azzamannairam

Intimate partner violence has been recognized as a serious public health issue. Exposure to violence contributes to the genesis of, and exacerbates, mental health conditions, and existing mental health problems increase vulnerability to partner violence, a loop that imprisons victims and perpetuates the abuse. A recently described phenomenon is when male violence against females occurs within intimate relationships during youth, and it is termed adolescent or teen dating violence. In this narrative review, factors associated with intimate partner violence and consequences of exposure of children to parental domestic violence are discussed, along with possible intensification of violence against women with the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and subsequent lockdown. Intervention programs with a multicomponent approach involving many health care settings and research have a pivotal role in developing additional strategies for addressing violence and to provide tailored interventions to victims. Prevention policy with a particular attention on healthy child and adolescent development is mandatory in the struggle against all forms of violence.

Core Tip: Intimate partner violence represents a serious public health issue. Exposure to violence contributes to the genesis of, and exacerbates, mental health conditions, and existing mental health problems increase vulnerability to partner violence. A recently described phenomenon is when male violence against females occurs within intimate relationships during youth, and it is termed adolescent or teen dating violence. Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is causing a tremendous impact on women's possible exposure to violence. Possible interventions against violence are discussed.

INTRODUCTION

Intimate partner violence is described as physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, or psychological aggression by a current or former intimate partner. It represents a serious public health issue. It has been estimated that more than 30% of women in the United States have experienced intimate partner violence, and it represents the leading cause of homicide death for women. Prevalence is higher among young women (18 to 24 years of age), among racial and ethnic minority groups, and among people with mental and physical disabilities[ 1 ]. Psychological violence is estimated to be the most common subtype of intimate partner violence (compared to physical and sexual violence) in the United States and Europe[ 2 ].

In women of reproductive age, intimate partner violence has been linked with poor reproductive health and poor sexual health (unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections) and heightened risks of obstetrical and gynecologic complications (pregnancy-associated death, preterm birth, low birth weight) and represents a risk factor for peripartum depression and substance abuse[ 1 ]. There are specific physical injuries in women that can be considered as indicators of intimate partner violence: Contusions, lacerations, and fractures (especially in the head, neck and face) and are frequently reported by patients as domestic accidents. Partner violence has been associated with many mental health consequences: Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, suicidal behavior, alcohol or drug abuse, sexual problems, problems with concentration, somatization, social, educational, or occupational difficulties, as well as feelings of blame and guilt or reproach. It is also linked to several and often disabling physical health problems (chronic pain, gastrointestinal problems, sexually transmitted infections, traumatic brain injury, cardiovascular diseases).

Exposure to violence can contribute on one side to the genesis of psychopathological conditions or can exacerbate mental health conditions, but on the other side existing mental health problems can increase vulnerability and predisposition to partner violence.

It has been estimated that emotional violence is the most common form of intimate partner violence across all continents worldwide[ 3 ]. Factors associated with intimate partner violence originate from multiple levels: Individual, relationship, community, and societal level[ 4 ]. Subjects who are at greater risk of experiencing intimate partner violence more likely come from a lower education background and poorer socio-economic status (with difficulty of access to resources and greater acceptance towards violence), have a history or a current substance abuse, and have been exposed to prior abuse or violence (with a history of abuse reinforcing the normative nature of violence and developing violence-condoning attitude). For example, many immigrant women have to cope with issues regarding their cultural integration into another society while at the same time concurrently feeling related and profoundly bounded by cultures and traditions from their countries of origin. Dependence on one’s partner, difficulties in language proficiency, financial problems, lack of social support, and uncertain legal status can leave these subjects feeling fragile and socially isolated and can prevent them from seeking assistance; besides, women linked to particular cultural backgrounds may refuse to acknowledge certain acts and behaviors as abusive due to beliefs and traditions regarding familial obligations and culturally prescribed gender roles[ 5 ].

People with mental illness may have a heightened risk of becoming victims of domestic violence and can be reluctant to disclose abuse. On the other hand, mental ill-health can also be a consequence of victimization and can involve post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicidality, and alcohol or substance misuse: Physical sequalae of abuse are added to psychological morbidity[ 6 ].

EXPOSURE OF CHILDREN TO PARENTAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

It has been outlined by recent research that the presence of intimate partner violence often compromises a child’s attachment to primary caregivers, which results in an additional risk factor for social, emotional, and psychological impairment[ 7 ]. A child can be exposed to domestic violence also through the awareness that violence occurs between parents, regardless of whether the child directly witnesses it. Infancy is a critical period of developing a secure attachment, and infants spend most of the time with caregivers, in a relationship of close proximity to them and high and obliged dependence from them; in addition, younger children have not completely strengthened the cognitive ability to discern between intimate partner violence as a threat to caregiver or to the self. As a consequence, the situation of violence in the household can indirectly impact on the child because it compromises the caregiving system in the parent. The presence of intimate partner violence increases a child’s risk of developing a wide variety of negative outcomes (internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, problems with perceptual and cognitive functioning, academic difficulties, interpersonal difficulties). Possible consequences can be affected by the child’s age, relationships with other caregivers, and period of exposure to violence.

Violence against young girls causes physical and psychological effects, which can manifest as mild anxiety symptoms, apprehension, flashbacks, or feeling ashamed or worried to more severe anxiety signs, including a variety of sleep or eating disorders, post-traumatic symptoms, and even thoughts of self-harm and suicide. The inaction of a valid support system may further worsen this complex situation[ 8 ].

Children exposed to parental domestic violence are predisposed to physical and mental health disorders and are subjected to an increased risk of become a victim or a perpetrator of intimate partner violence in adolescence and adulthood[ 9 ]. Besides, adverse childhood experiences, such as child abuse, maltreatment, substance abuse in the household, incarceration of household members, and emotional or physical neglect, have long-term consequences with poorer physical, mental, individual behavioral, and social/interactional outcomes: The larger the number of adverse childhood experiences, the higher the odds of worst physical and mental health outcomes, including heart disease, stroke, asthma, diabetes, and mental distress[ 10 ]. Adolescence is a critical developmental period characterized by puberty, progressive autonomy from parents and family, changes in social relationships, and often the beginning of romantic relationships. Child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, witnessing parental intimate partner violence, exposure to school-related violence ( e.g. , bullying), and community violence ( e.g. , racism or discrimination) during childhood are potentially related to future intimate partner violence. Recently, it has been demonstrated that adverse childhood experiences in adolescence are predictive of interpersonal violence 15 years later[ 10 ].

Teen dating violence

When male violence against females occurs within intimate relationships during youth, it is termed adolescent or teen dating violence, occurring in individuals aged 10-24 years, including early, middle, and late adolescence, and described as physical, sexual, or psychological/emotional abuse, comprising threats, towards a dating partner. Six forms of teen dating violence have been assessed: Threatening behaviors, verbal/emotional abuse, relational abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and stalking.

The cultivation of emotional relationships during adolescence are pivotal to the progressive growth of interpersonal communication skills, autonomy, and self-perceived competence, but together with affective and behavioral vulnerability experienced during adolescence, a variety of individual, social, and community risk factors may favor the emergence of adolescent dating violence[ 11 ]. Victims of teen dating violence may develop adverse health outcomes such as increased sexual risk behaviors, suicidality, unhealthy behaviors ( e.g. , lack of physical activity and negative weight-controlling behaviors), inauspicious mental health outcomes, substance use, injuries, victimization, and death. Additionally, it is common for adolescents who experience dating violence to struggle with their academics, drop out of school, or skip school to avoid seeing their partner.

Risk factors for perpetration of adolescent dating violence seem to be a history of experiencing, witnessing, and/or initiating abuse within the home, school, and community; childhood trauma in the form of physical and emotional abuse or neglect (due to personality anxiety traits formed during childhood, so that the individual feels a lack of security in the relationship and worries about being left by the partner); sexism and gender roles present in society; bullying; developing and formulating ineffective interpersonal communication and conflict resolutions skills during adolescence; alcohol or substance use during adolescence; attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) expressed as anger, hostility, aggression, and emotional dysregulation[ 12 ]. Recent research suggests that there are multiple form of adolescent dating violence and that males may be victimized at similar rates as females[ 13 ]. Increasingly high rates of technology usage, as well as diffusion of apps and social media platforms, has created more opportunities for cyber teen violence dating (typically people who are no longer with their dating partner perpetrate this form of violence against an ex-partner).

Abusive behavior in adolescent dating relationships is associated with a risk of intimate partner violence later in adulthood[ 14 ].

Violence during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a dreadful impact on the world’s economy, and women are forced to take on additional risks as they are already disadvantaged and vulnerable, especially in rural and remote settings[ 8 ]. Sexuality suffers because it has to deal with the arrogance of a death drive rekindled by the current pandemic condition. A life in which less libido is exchanged stably than one would like can become unbearable. But the libido, in the forms of stasis and engorgement, can turn, in the unconscious, into anguish and give rise to internal conflicts that inevitably end up resulting in the relationship with the other[ 15 ]. As the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified, its effects diversified by gender have begun to gain attention[ 16 ]. During the institutional lockdown, victims of domestic violence were required to remain closed with partners and without help or support: In such scenario there is a great chance that abusive situations can further aggravate, with a possible increase of domestic homicides or murder-suicides or deviant behaviors towards children. Increased concerns about domestic violence have been expressed in many countries. The reasons for this include social isolation, exposure to economic and psychological stressors, increase in negative coping mechanisms (such as alcohol or drugs misuse), and inability to access usual health and social services[ 6 ]. School closure due to lockdown can potentiate the risk for children to witness violence, exploitation, and abuse at home and away from help[ 8 ].

As the outbreak of COVID-19 has developed, referral rates to mental health and psychology services have declined, despite a likely increase in psychological distress, victimization, and mental illness. It is well-known that intimate partner violence has short-term and long-term effects on physical and mental-health of affected subjects and in particular might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in women, by indirect (chronic inflammation or dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary axis as a consequence of chronic stress) and indirect pathways (coping strategies used by victims of abuse to deal with stress, such as smoking and overeating, and higher incidence of depressive disorders correlated to chronically elevated levels of cortisol, catecholamines, and inflammatory markers, all of which promote the development and progression of cardiovascular disease)[ 17 ].

Psychological distress linked with the pandemic itself, arising in response to fears about personal and familial infection as well as the sequelae of social distancing and quarantine measures, add worry about possible consequences of intimate partner violence during this global pandemic.

Particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, programs are necessary to provide funding sources to guarantee telephone or remote counseling services or psychological assistance hotlines to manage and attempt to prevent crisis situations[ 18 , 19 ]. The use of mobile health and telemedicine to support safely subjects experiencing violence must be urgently improved, together with other strategies to reach women at risk in settings where access to mobile phones or the internet is limited or completely lacking. We must learn lessons from the past epidemics and also from the present about errors and defeats to recognize and address gender related effects of outbreaks[ 16 ].

Prevention and management of the violence against women of all ages should be expected and potentiated as a pivotal service in the COVID-19 response plan.

Possible interventions against violence

Lifetime and current intimate partner violence is common and unacceptably high. It has been outlined that approximately 1 in 4 women becomes a victim of violence at some point in their life regardless of their age, economic status, or ethnicity. Domestic violence against women is a well-recognized health concern and has serious negative impact on women’s lives. It is important to stress the fact that most of the factors associated with violence against women are preventable. Studies assessing screening and interventions practice in primary care services for women who experience intimate partner violence have demonstrated that clinical programs can mitigate the risk of subsequent violence[ 20 ]. In addition, interventional studies have stressed that gender-norms transformation through behavioral change and communication focused program can promote gender equality norm and avert domestic violence against women[ 21 ].

Intimate partner violence is often not obvious, and patients may present with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Clinicians must be aware of the red flags of domestic violence and incorporate the principles of trauma-informed care into their practice. This means asking about violence or risk of violence when it is safe and appropriate, in a private discussion and in a compassionate and nonjudgmental way, discussing needs, preferences, and immediate options. It is necessary to support the subject’s autonomy, provide emotional and practical support, and personalize responses and possible solutions to the individual patient[ 22 ].

For pregnant women suspected or known to be exposed to partner violence, it is mandatory to consider a pregnancy high-risk and to provide prenatal assessment and counseling for the mother and home-visitation programs in the child’s first years. Screening in primary care for mental health disorders such as depression or anxiety should reasonably include an inquiry about current and previous intimate partner violence. In parallel, current or past intimate partner violence should be appropriately included in the differential diagnosis of many medical and behavioral health conditions, particularly in women[ 1 ]. It should be taken into account the fact that violence victims may not disclose their experience immediately but in the context of multiple queries and a trusting relationship. It results important that a multicomponent approach involving many health care settings, training of staff, clinical specific tools of assessment (including multiple violence domains: Physical, sexual, emotional/psychological), established workflows, connection to follow-up social services, and legal services can be dedicated and promoted to improve the prevention and response and care to the problem of intimate partner violence and its serious consequences. It has been observed that women have the tendency to remain with violent partners due to a variety of reasons, including social norms, worry for children, and economic issues. Immigrant women require a specific culturally-tailored approach and may need specific advocacy and interventions that also focus on financial abuse and are finalized to economic empowerment, including individual mental health counseling (when the shame and stigma associated to intimate partner violence in many ethnic communities increase the reluctance to discuss in groups) and services provided in community member’s native language or in intervention delivery settings (shared community environments including churches, mosques, temples)[ 5 ].

Interventions integrating legal framework and programs that focus on transformation of traditional gender-norms are of great importance in order to prevent violence against women of all ages. There is an increasing need of intervention programs and techniques to reduce violence among offenders (group therapy or counseling aimed to work on impulsive and angry behavior or inability to control emotions) with a particular focus on trauma and substance abuse[ 23 ]. Since it has been observed that men with mental health problems (in particular depression, anxiety, alcohol or drug use disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders) carry a higher probability to perpetrate domestic violence against women, treatment for any co-existing mental illness and in particular substance abuse or misuse should be prioritized to reduce risk[ 24 ].

Also, research has a pivotal role in developing additional strategies for addressing violence and to provide personalized interventions to victims. For example, qualitative studies exploring the emotional impacts of intimate partner sexual violence on women are scarce. Understanding should be deepened of the so-called invisible impacts of violence, described as the emotional repercussions (sense of powerlessness, helplessness, shame, ongoing fear of men) that are difficult to quantify and measure but may be a trigger for mental health outcomes, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression[ 25 ]. Research can guide attachment- and family-based interventions for families impacted by interpersonal violence. Besides, there is an urgent need for rigorous research to understand better which interventions are most effective and tailored for ethnic minority populations.

Last but not least, prevention is mandatory: Interventions focusing on community and domestic health and violence prevention and, focusing on high-risk and disadvantaged socio-economic groups (such as institutionalized children or adolescents), with a particular attention on healthy child and adolescent development, may greatly contribute to lower intimate partner violence victimization in adulthood by correcting attitudes on violence and improving help-seeking behavior (Table (Table1). 1 ).

Proposed interventions against intimate partner violence

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Manuscript source: Invited manuscript

Peer-review started: December 31, 2020

First decision: April 21, 2021

Article in press: May 17, 2021

Specialty type: Psychiatry

Country/Territory of origin: Italy

Peer-review report’s scientific quality classification

Grade A (Excellent): 0

Grade B (Very good): 0

Grade C (Good): C

Grade D (Fair): 0

Grade E (Poor): 0

P-Reviewer: Zafrakas M S-Editor: Fan JR L-Editor: Filipodia P-Editor: Li JH

Contributor Information

Marianna Mazza, Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy. moc.liamtoh@azzamannairam .

Giuseppe Marano, Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.

Angela Gonsalez del Castillo, Service of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.

Daniela Chieffo, Service of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.

Laura Monti, Service of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.

Delfina Janiri, Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.

Lorenzo Moccia, Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.

Gabriele Sani, Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.

Domestic Violence Definition

This essay about domestic violence sheds light on the pervasive nature of intimate partner violence, exploring its various forms beyond physical assault. It discusses the detrimental effects of emotional, psychological, sexual, and financial abuse on victims, highlighting the cycle of violence and the barriers they face in seeking help. However, it also emphasizes hope through support networks and prevention efforts, advocating for a future where homes are safe havens free from fear and oppression.

How it works

Domestic violence, often termed intimate partner violence (IPV), permeates the societal fabric, inflicting wounds that transcend physical bruises, leaving lasting imprints on victims’ psyches and communities. It’s a labyrinth of torment, where power imbalances skew reality, entangling victims in a web of fear and manipulation.

Defined by a myriad of abusive behaviors, domestic violence extends its sinister tendrils beyond physical assault, encompassing emotional, psychological, sexual, and financial coercion. The abuser’s arsenal includes demeaning remarks, threats, isolation tactics, and economic control, all orchestrated to exert dominance and strip victims of autonomy.

While physical violence may leave visible scars, the insidious nature of emotional and psychological abuse often renders wounds unseen but deeply felt. The relentless onslaught of insults, gaslighting, and manipulation erodes self-esteem, leaving victims imprisoned in a cycle of self-doubt and despair.

Sexual coercion further compounds the trauma, violating the sanctity of intimacy and erasing boundaries. Victims are coerced into unwanted acts, their bodies treated as objects for the perpetrator’s gratification, leaving behind a trail of shame and degradation.

Financial abuse serves as yet another tool of subjugation, trapping victims in a web of dependence and economic instability. Control over finances, employment, and access to resources becomes a means of coercion, further entrenching victims in the cycle of abuse.

The cycle of violence perpetuates a harrowing pattern, characterized by escalating tension, explosive outbursts, and fleeting moments of contrition. The abuser’s apologies and promises of change serve as temporary reprieves, luring victims back into the cycle, only to be ensnared once again in a vortex of fear and manipulation.

Breaking free from the shackles of domestic violence requires courage and support. Yet, the stigma and shame surrounding abuse often act as barriers to seeking help. Victims grapple with feelings of isolation, convinced of their own culpability or paralyzed by the fear of retaliation.

However, hope flickers amidst the darkness. Organizations and support networks stand ready to extend a lifeline to those in need, offering shelter, counseling, legal advocacy, and a pathway to healing. Education and awareness initiatives strive to dismantle the myths and misconceptions surrounding domestic violence, empowering individuals to recognize the signs and seek assistance.

Prevention is paramount in the fight against domestic violence. By challenging societal norms that perpetuate gender inequality and condone violence, we can foster a culture of respect and equality. Empowering bystanders to intervene and support victims, and holding perpetrators accountable for their actions, are crucial steps in breaking the cycle of abuse.

In the tapestry of humanity, every thread counts. Together, we can weave a future where homes are sanctuaries of love and safety, where the echoes of violence are silenced, and where every individual is free to flourish without fear.

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Essay on Domestic Violence

Students are often asked to write an essay on Domestic Violence in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Domestic Violence

Understanding domestic violence.

Domestic violence refers to harmful acts between family members or partners. It can be physical, emotional, or psychological, causing pain and fear.

The Impact of Domestic Violence

Victims often feel scared and helpless. It can affect their mental health, leading to anxiety or depression.

Preventing Domestic Violence

Education is key to prevention. Understanding that violence is wrong helps people stand against it. Also, supporting victims is crucial.

Domestic violence is a serious issue. It’s our duty to educate ourselves and others, and support victims.

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Paragraph on Domestic Violence

250 Words Essay on Domestic Violence

Introduction.

Domestic violence, a pervasive global issue, is a form of abuse that occurs within a familial or intimate relationship context. It encompasses physical, emotional, and sexual violence, along with neglect and economic deprivation.

Root Causes

The root causes of domestic violence are multifaceted. They include socio-cultural norms that perpetuate power imbalances, patriarchal societal structures, and issues related to mental health. Economic factors also play a significant role, with financial stress often serving as a trigger for violent behavior.

Implications

The implications of domestic violence are profound and far-reaching. Victims may suffer physical injuries, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety, and even death. Children who witness domestic violence are at a higher risk of developing behavioral issues and repeating the cycle of violence in their future relationships.

Prevention and Intervention

Prevention and intervention strategies for domestic violence are crucial. These include public awareness campaigns, legal protections, and community-based support systems. Education is key in changing societal norms that condone violence, while legal measures ensure offenders are held accountable. Support systems offer victims the necessary resources to escape abusive situations.

Addressing domestic violence requires a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach. While significant progress has been made, much work remains. It is our collective responsibility to challenge the norms that perpetuate violence and to support victims in their journey towards safety and recovery.

500 Words Essay on Domestic Violence

Domestic violence, a deeply entrenched social issue, represents a widespread violation of human rights. It is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that one partner uses to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner. This essay delves into the complexities, implications, and potential solutions to domestic violence.

The Complexity of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is a multifaceted issue that transcends geographical, economic, and cultural boundaries. It can include physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological actions or threats. The complexity arises from the fact that it often occurs within intimate relationships where love, dependency, and commitment coexist with violence and fear. This paradoxical nature makes it difficult for victims to seek help or for outsiders to intervene.

Implications of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence has profound implications on victims and society. Victims may suffer physical injuries, mental health disorders, and may even face death. The trauma can lead to self-harm, substance abuse, and other negative coping mechanisms. Children witnessing domestic violence are at risk of developmental issues, academic struggles, and becoming perpetrators or victims in their future relationships.

At a societal level, domestic violence burdens healthcare, law enforcement, and social services. It also perpetuates gender inequality, as women are disproportionately affected. The World Health Organization estimates that 1 in 3 women worldwide has experienced physical or sexual violence, mostly by an intimate partner.

Addressing Domestic Violence

Addressing domestic violence requires a comprehensive, multi-dimensional approach. Education and awareness are crucial to challenge societal norms that perpetuate violence. School curricula should include lessons on respectful relationships, consent, and conflict resolution. Public campaigns can debunk myths and raise awareness about the signs of abuse.

Legal measures are also essential. Laws should protect victims, hold perpetrators accountable, and provide survivors with access to justice and support services. However, laws alone are insufficient if not enforced or if victims are unaware of their rights.

Community-based interventions can provide immediate support to victims. These include hotlines, shelters, counseling, and legal aid. However, these services need to be adequately funded and accessible to all, regardless of location, income, or language.

Domestic violence is a pervasive issue that requires concerted efforts from individuals, communities, and institutions. By understanding its complexities and implications, we can better address this problem. It is essential to foster a society that does not tolerate violence, supports victims, and promotes healthy, respectful relationships. As we strive towards these goals, we affirm our commitment to human rights, gender equality, and social justice.

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Domestic Violence: Criminal Justice Essay

In the current society, domestic violence (DV) has become a major concern following the increasing number of victims reporting cases of DV in their families. DV is a social challenge that crosses economic, religious, geographical, and even cultural boundaries. It is a violation of human rights since the affected people undergo emotional, psychological, and even physical torture that impacts their general well-being. Even though DV is a global problem, women and children are the victims of the issue. The offenders usually target the weak individuals whom they deem cannot defend themselves and thus they humiliate and perform all types of ill-act on them. The aspect of DV entails aggressive control, violent behavior, and threatening, degrading, and coercive conduct by a partner or a family member. The problem extends to teens especially the ones dating, they experience courting violence. The underlying causes of DV include trauma, belief in domination, and experiencing a DV as a child. Other factors such as level of education, poor communication, substance use, insecurity, and personality disorders facilitate the prevalence of DV leading to mental and physical health effects.

The prevalence of DV in the community is linked to issues such as childhood trauma. When either of the partners experiences any form of abuse during their young age, they are more likely to develop the same behaviors when they become old. Similarly, aspects such as neglect by the parents or constant fight between the guardians remains a clear memory and thus tend to haunt them in the future especially if the perpetrator failed to receive proper counsel. Furthermore, by witnessing DV, when the child becomes an adult they tend to implement such acts on their partners because the majority believes that is the best way to handle family differences. Therefore, experience from childhood plays a significant role in facilitating the increasing rate of DV in society.

Similarly, limited access to education contributes to the increasing rate of DV in society. generally, schooling enhances the individual exposure to various facets of life. When a person is confined within a single cultural perspective due to less experience, they are more likely to retain the norm and act based on it. However, if such an individual interacts with others through education and learns new ideas, they might be able to have a different view of issues hence changing their overall mindset. Furthermore, education grooms people making them to be decent and reasonable enough to solve issues without coercing their partners. Therefore, when individuals do not have adequate knowledge, they will hold the societal practices thus making them engage in DV.

Poor communication among the couple or family members facilitates DV in society. Generally, when one partner fails to communicate effectively on crucial matters, the level of tension rises between them. With such fluctuation in temper, the likelihood of conflict occurring increases between the people involved. Similarly, failure to provide reliable information may cause the other party to become suspicious thus promoting them to act negatively. For instance, an individual may opt to neglect the counterpart in the event of an unclarified misunderstanding. Such approaches result in degrading the other party and thus they feel less cared about.

Furthermore, there are some cultural backgrounds that foster the belief that men should dominate women. In such a setting, males tend to have control over their female counterparts in society (Song et al. 650). For instance, at home, all the available resources are managed by the man, and the women’s responsibility is reduced to protecting children. In such a setting, men tend to be more aggressive and thus portray violent behavior that affects the well-being of their partners. In other words, the ideology of male power is making the majority of men coerce, and control women to be more submissive to their demands. Such aggressions are enhancing the issue of DV especially when the females tend to resist the mistreatment they are facing.

In addition, the usage of illegal substances such as bhang, cocaine, and other drugs contributes to the increasing DV in society. When an individual has consumed any of the mentioned drugs, their brain function is altered and thus they fail to conduct themselves in an appropriate manner (Boserup et al. 2754). Some partners go to the extent of physically assaulting their loved ones. Partners who are addicted to alcohol spend more money on the drinks leaving their families with limited resources to protect them. In such cases, they abuse the individuals and affect their emotional well-being.

Moreover, some cases of DV are associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). People suffering from BPD conditions are more likely to portray violent behaviors, physical abuse, and even emotional torture. The family members who associate and interact with such persons usually experience DV following the inability of the BPD individuals to control themselves. Therefore, personality disorders are significant influencers of the DV issue in the community.

Generally, people who encounter DV issues are impacted emotionally and physically. Their health is at great risk following the conduct of the aggressors. On the basis of mental health, DV leads to panic attacks, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other emotional problems. Such outcomes can easily trigger suicidal thoughts, development issues, and even psychotic episodes. Furthermore, the victim may develop low self-esteem and aggressive conduct which is detrimental to the well-being of the people. When experiencing the mentioned conditions, the victims cannot easily mobilize the necessary resources to facilitate their living in the community. Similarly, the children might face difficulty concentrating on their studies hence affecting their academic performance.

Similarly, the physical health effect of DV is detrimental to the victims. Assaults may result in significant body scratches, chest complications, pelvis and even bleeding (Kaukinen 670). Sometimes the offenders may opt to use a sharp object to pierce through the body of their targets causing serious injuries. In addition, in some cases, women are dragged by their hair and even pushed against the wall. The overall consequences of such conduct include migraine, death, hypertension, and other related diseases which have an effect on the well-being of the affected person.

Even though the communities have shown some advancement, the aspect of DV has remained a significant social issue affecting many people. Underlying factors such as childhood trauma and witnessing DV cases contribute effectively to the growing DV. Limited access to education, substance abuse, poor communication, and PBD are other facets facilitating the rising cases of DV. The social problem results in both mental and physical health effects such as depression and scratches respectively. Therefore, DV is a major issue affecting the majority, especially the vulnerable group in society. Without awareness, the people suffering from the behaviors might not overcome the challenges and thus remain victims of the conditions.

Works Cited

Boserup, Brad, Mark McKenney, and Adel Elkbuli. “ Alarming Trends in US Domestic Violence during The COVID-19 Pandemic .” The American journal of emergency medicine, vol. 38, no. 12, 2020, pp. 2753-2755. Web.

Kaukinen, Catherine. “ When Stay-at-Home Orders Leave Victims Unsafe at Home: Exploring the Risk and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence during The COVID-19 Pandemic .” American Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 45, no. 4, 2020, pp. 668-679. Web.

Song, Yueping, Jingwen Zhang, and Xian Zhang. “ Cultural or institutional? Contextual effects on domestic violence against women in rural China .” Journal of Family Violence, vol. 36, no. 6, 2021, pp. 643-655. Web.

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Domestic Violence Persuasive Speech

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The prevalence of domestic violence, the impact of domestic violence, the urgent need for action, the broader implications.

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Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Moscow, Russia

Original article
Published: 05 March 2008
Volume 23 , pages 447–456, ( 2008 )

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Andrew Stickley 1 ,
Olga Kislitsyna 2 ,
Irina Timofeeva 3 &
Denny Vågerö 4

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This study examines attitudes towards violence against women among the populace in Moscow, Russia using data drawn from the Moscow Health Survey. Information was obtained from 1,190 subjects (510 men and 680 women) about their perceptions of whether violence against women was a serious problem in contemporary Russia, and under what circumstances they thought it was justifiable for a husband to hit his wife. Less than half the respondents thought violence was a serious problem, while for a small number of interviewees there were several scenarios where violence was regarded as being permissible against a wife. Being young, divorced or widowed, having financial difficulties, and regularly consuming alcohol were associated with attitudes more supportive of violence amongst men; having a low educational level underpinned supportive attitudes among both men and women. Results are discussed in terms of the public reemergence of patriarchal attitudes in Russia in the post-Soviet period.

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Negative attitudes related to violence against women: gender and ethnic differences among youth living in Serbia

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Stockholm Center on Health of Societies in Transition (SCOHOST), Södertörns högskola, S 141 89, Huddinge, Sweden

Andrew Stickley

Institute for Socioeconomic Studies of the Population (ISESP), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Olga Kislitsyna

Baltic and East European Graduate School (BEEGS), Södertörns högskola, Huddinge, Sweden

Irina Timofeeva

Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

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Stickley, A., Kislitsyna, O., Timofeeva, I. et al. Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Moscow, Russia. J Fam Viol 23 , 447–456 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9170-y

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9170-y

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Evan Stark, 82, Dies; Broadened Understanding of Domestic Violence

He and his wife wrote pioneering studies; he used the term “coercive control” to describe psychological and physical dominance by abusers.

A black and white portrait of Evan Stark, a bald man with glasses resting his hand on his chin.

By Richard Sandomir

Evan Stark, who studied domestic violence with his wife and then pioneered a concept called “coercive control,” which describes the psychological and physical domination that abusers use to punish their partners, died on March 18 at his home in Woodbridge, Conn. He was 82.

His wife, Dr. Anne Flitcraft, said the cause was most likely a heart attack that occurred while he was on a Zoom call with women’s advocates in British Columbia.

Through studies that began in 1979, Drs. Stark and Flitcraft became experts in intimate partner violence, sounding an alarm that battering — not car accidents or sexual assault — was the largest cause of injury that sent women to emergency rooms.

But by talking to battered women as well as veterans who had experienced post-traumatic stress disorder from their treatment in the military, Dr. Stark began to understand that coercive control was a strategy that included violence but that also involved threats of beatings, isolating female victims from friends and family and cutting off their access to money, food, communication and transportation.

“Like assaults, coercive control undermines a victim’s physical and psychological integrity,” he wrote in “Coercive Control: The Entrapment of Women in Personal Life” (2007). “But the main means used to establish control is the micro-regulation of everyday behaviors associated with stereotypic female roles, such as how women dress, cook, clean, socialize, care for their children or perform sexually.”

Dr. Stark started a forensic social work practice in 1990 — a year later, he earned a master’s of social work degree from Fordham University — and began to testify for victims in courts.

In 2002, he was the lead witness for 15 women whose children had been placed in foster care by New York City’s Administration for Children’s Services because they had witnessed their mothers being abused in the home. A federal judge ruled in favor of the women, concluding that the city had violated their constitutional rights by separating them from their children.

In 2019, Dr. Stark testified in London in an appeal of the murder conviction of a domestic abuse victim, Sally Challen, who had bludgeoned her husband to death with a hammer; she was released from prison.

“Coercive control,” he told the court, “is designed to subjugate and dominate, not merely to hurt.”

His research on coercive control has helped revolutionize the field of domestic abuse.

“What distinguishes him from everybody else is that he took this rather obscure concept that until that point was in the literature of prisoners of war and cults and transported it into the world of domestic abuse,” said Lisa Fontes, author of “Invisible Chains: Overcoming Coercive Control in Your Intimate Relationship” (2015).

Evan David Stark was born on March 10, 1942, in Manhattan and grew up in Queens, the Bronx and Yonkers, N.Y. His father, Irwin, was a poet who taught narrative writing at the City College of New York. His mother, Alice (Fox) Stark, was a secretary for the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a union of Black workers run by the civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph .

Dr. Stark received a bachelor’s degree in sociology from Brandeis University in 1963 and a master’s in the same subject in 1967 from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. As a doctoral student, he helped organize a protest in late October 1967 against on-campus recruitment of students by Dow Chemical, which manufactured napalm for the U.S. military during the Vietnam War. The demonstration turned bloody when police officers with riot sticks forcibly removed students from a campus building where Dow’s interviews were being held.

After the protests, an F.B.I. agent visited a university official, Dr. Flitcraft said, and Dr. Stark’s graduate fellowship was soon rescinded. (He subsequently received his Ph.D. in sociology in 1984 from the State University of New York at Binghamton.) He fled to Canada with his future first wife, Sally Connolly, finding work there as a senior planner for the Agricultural and Rural Development Agency in Ottawa in 1967.

After returning to the United States, he spent a year, beginning in 1968, as an administrator for an antipoverty program in Minneapolis.

In 1970, Dr. Stark helped organize the Honeywell Project, which campaigned to persuade Honeywell Inc. to halt its weapons manufacturing.

He went on to teach sociology at Quinnipiac College (now Quinnipiac University) in Hamden, Conn., from 1971 to 1975. He married Dr. Flitcraft in 1977, when she was working on her thesis at the Yale School of Medicine. She examined the injuries of 481 women during one month at Yale New Haven Hospital’s emergency room and found that they had been victims of physical abuse at a rate 10 times higher than the hospital had identified.

Dr. Flitcraft and Dr. Stark together expanded the study, which was published in the International Journal of Health Services in 1979. They wrote: “In sum, where physicians saw one out of 35 of their patients as battered, a more accurate approximation is one in four; where they acknowledged that one injury out of 20 resulted from domestic abuse, the actual figure approached one in four.”

They added, “What they described as a rare occurrence was in reality an event of epidemic proportions.”

Dr. Stark was a research associate at Yale’s Institution for Social and Policy Studies from 1978 to 1984. He was hired the next year by Rutgers University and taught in its School of Social Work as a professor of women and gender studies until he retired in 2012.

In 1985, he and Dr. Flitcraft chaired the United States surgeon general’s special working group on prevention of domestic violence.

In subsequent studies, they replicated their initial findings on a broader scale, showing that of the 3,600 women treated for injuries at Yale New Haven’s emergency room in one year, 20 percent had been beaten by their husbands or other male intimates.

He and Dr. Flitcraft were co-authors of “Women at Risk: Domestic Violence and Women’s Health” (1996). On his own, Dr. Stark wrote “Children of Coercive Control” (2023).

In addition to his wife, he is survived by their sons Sam, Daniel and Eli; another son, Aaron, from his marriage to Ms. Connolly, which ended in divorce in 1975; three grandchildren; and a sister, Joyce Duncan.

Dr. Stark’s work in coercive control has resonated in the United Kingdom, where he taught sociology at the University of Essex in the early 1980s, had a fellowship at the University of Bristol in 2006 and was a visiting professor at the University of Edinburgh in 2013.

In a speech to the organization Scottish Women’s Aid in 2006, he “first convinced campaigners that a new approach to the criminalization of domestic abuse was needed,” The Guardian wrote in his obituary.

Cassandra Wiener, a legal scholar at The City Law School in London who wrote the obituary, said by phone that Dr. Stark’s promulgation of coercive control helped lead to its criminalization in England and Wales as well as to similar laws in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland.

Last year, Ms. Wiener said, she was with Dr. Stark when he spoke to a delegation of French government officials who were considering whether to criminalize coercive control in their country.

“You could hear a pin drop,” she said, “and the head of the delegation, a judge, said, ‘I get it, we need to make progress on it.’”

Richard Sandomir is an obituaries writer. He previously wrote about sports media and sports business. He is also the author of several books, including “The Pride of the Yankees: Lou Gehrig, Gary Cooper and the Making of a Classic.” More about Richard Sandomir

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The O.J. Simpson case forced domestic violence into the spotlight, boosting a movement

PHILADELPHIA (AP) — Thirty years ago, as women’s rights advocates worked to pass the 1994 Violence Against Women Act, domestic violence was still something of a hushed topic.

Then Nicole Brown Simpson’s death forced it into the spotlight . Americans riveted by the murder investigation of superstar ex-husband O.J. Simpson, who died Wednesday at 76, heard startling and painful details of the abuse she said she suffered at his hands.

“We must have had 20 media trucks lined up on Hollywood Boulevard to talk to us,” said Patti Giggans, executive director of the Los Angeles-based nonprofit Peace Over Violence, who said interest in the issue exploded overnight.

“Because it was O.J. — he’s famous, an athlete, handsome, everybody loved O.J. — we started to have conversations about what goes on in the mind of a batterer,” Giggans said. “We were able to maintain that conversation throughout that two-year period (of the case). I think it changed the movement.”

EDITOR’S NOTE: This story includes discussion of domestic violence. If you or someone you know needs help, please call 1-800-799-7233 in the U.S.

Given that victims — then and now — often hide their abuse, many people assumed it happened only to poor or marginalized women. But then they saw that neither Nicole Simpson’s privilege nor her earlier calls to police had insulated her.

“She was beautiful, she was white, she was famous, she was wealthy. So, there was this sense that if it could happen to her, it could happen to anybody,” said Rachel Louise Snyder, an American University professor who explored the issue in her 2019 book, “No Visible Bruises.”

In an undated letter that surfaced after her death, Nicole Simpson revealed that her NFL star-turned-celebrity husband gave her “disgusted” looks when she gained weight in her first pregnancy in 1988 and “beat the holy hell” out of her the following year, although the couple told an X-ray lab she had fallen off a bike.

In October 1993, a year after they divorced, she called 911 when Simpson showed up at her home “ranting and raving.”

“He’s in a white Bronco, but first of all he broke the back door down to get in,” she said. “He’s O.J. Simpson. I think you know his record.”

Eight months later, she and friend Ron Goldman — who had stopped by to return eyeglasses left at a restaurant that night — were fatally stabbed outside her Brentwood home. Her two young children with Simpson were inside. She was 35, Goldman just 25.

“This was absolutely a watershed case,” said Snyder, who said their June 12, 1994, deaths helped galvanize support for the Violence Against Women Act, which Congress passed that fall. “It spurred a national conversation, a national reckoning."

Simpson was acquitted of the double-murder at the sensational trial the next year, but a different jury found him liable for their deaths in a 1997 civil trial. Simpson was ordered to pay $33.5 million to the two families, money they tried mostly in vain to collect.

In the years since, the Violence Against Women Act has funded more than $9 billion in grants to combat domestic violence, from police training to social services to the 1996 launch of the National Domestic Violence Hotline. The hotline received 75,000 calls that first year. Last year, it handled more than 400,000 calls, texts and chat messages.

Hotline officials, in a statement in response to Simpson's death, said the numbers reflect "the skyrocketing need among survivors for compassionate and non-judgmental advocacy as well as the pervasiveness of domestic violence in the U.S.”

Over time, advocates have focused on the warning signs that someone’s life could be in danger. Victims are most vulnerable when they try to get help or end the relationship, and in the year or so afterward. (The Simpson divorce was finalized in late 1992.) Any attempt at strangling the victim, or putting hands on their neck, may be a final escalation before the situation turns deadly. And the presence of a gun greatly increases the risk of being killed.

Yet understanding the cycle of violence isn't always enough to thwart it. As news of Simpson's death broke Thursday, advocates near Philadelphia were reeling from the fatal stabbing of a 57-year-old woman. She had pursued charges and gotten a restraining order last month after her estranged husband allegedly assaulted her and tried to strangle her. Police believe he kicked in a window air conditioner to break into her home early Wednesday.

“This case for advocates is excruciating,” said Stacy Dougherty, deputy director of the local nonprofit Laurel House, which provides housing and victim services in Montgomery County.

“When you have someone who does everything that she’s supposed to do — she calls the police, she gets the protection order, she changes her locks, she reaches out for help, she does all of those things. And this still happens.”

The housing crisis, she said, has made it even more difficult for victims to leave abusers, as does navigating the decision if they have children and fear sharing custody.

“There’s so many barriers that victims of domestic violence encounter when trying to leave,” Dougherty said.

And yet, Giggans said, the Simpson case “gave us opportunities to teach about the cycle of violence, the dynamics of unhealthy relationships, what does power and control mean."

“And what do women deserve,” she added.

She worries that cuts on the horizon if federal funding wanes could hamper her group's work, which includes not only direct services for victims and abusers, but school programs on healthy relationships.

"That came out in a big way around the O.J. time, because college students, high school students — everybody looked up to O.J., right?

“It was a stunning revelation that he was involved in this," she said. “A lot of people didn’t want to believe he did it, to this day.”

Tennessee governor signs bill requiring local officers to aid US immigration authorities

FILE - People gather for a news conference of the Tennessee Immigrant and Refugee Rights Coalition outside the state Capitol, Tuesday, March 19, 2024, in Nashville, Tenn. Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee has signed a bill that would require law enforcement agencies to communicate with federal immigration authorities if they discover people are in the the country illegally, and would broadly mandate cooperation in the process of identifying, catching, detaining and deporting them. (AP Photo/George Walker IV, File)

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Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee has signed a bill that would require law enforcement agencies to communicate with federal immigration authorities if they discover people are in the the country illegally, and would broadly mandate cooperation in the process of identifying, detaining and deporting them.

The Republican signed the measure Thursday, and it takes effect July 1. While the bill’s proponents have argued that Tennessee law enforcement agencies should assist more in immigration enforcement, immigrant advocates have warned that the bill is broad and confusing and could embolden rogue officers to target immigrant families.

“When there is an interaction with law enforcement, it’s important that the appropriate authorities are notified of the status of that individual,” Lee told reporters Thursday. “I think that makes sense. So, I’m in support of that legislation.”

Tennessee has aligned with other Republican-led states that have also sought to deploy their authorities into more immigration tasks as the presidential election approaches, arguing that President Joe Biden has shirked his duties to enforce federal immigration law.

That includes a Texas law that allows authorities to arrest migrants who enter the U.S. illegally and order them to leave the country, but it remains blocked temporarily in court . In Iowa, Republican Gov. Kim Reynolds this week signed a bill that mirrors part of the Texas law. Another approach at a Texas-style bill is advancing in Louisiana . Idaho lawmakers considered a similar measure but adjourned without passing it.

In Tennessee, Republican bill sponsor Sen. Brent Taylor said his proposal is meant to apply when law enforcement officers, including sheriff’s departments that run jails, learn the immigration status of someone in their custody for another alleged crime.

“This is not going down and hunting somebody who looks Hispanic, pulling them over and demanding papers,” Taylor said.

But the Tennessee Immigrant and Refugee Rights Coalition said the law is written broadly and could give more authority than Taylor has claimed. The group criticized Lee’s decision to sign the bill.

“He could have listened to the warnings from police chiefs, educators, domestic violence victims’ advocates and legal experts and stopped this misguided bill from becoming law,” said Lisa Sherman Luna, executive director of the coalition’s voter engagement arm. “Instead, he rubber-stamped the state legislature’s continued descent into authoritarianism and green-lit a law that could open the door for racial profiling, unlawful detention, and separated families.”

The Metro Nashville Police Department raised concerns about the bill. A Nashville police spokesperson has said the proposal could erode the trust its officers have built with immigrant communities and dissuade some victims or witnesses from cooperating in investigations.

The Tennessee bill says law enforcement agencies and officials “shall” cooperate in various immigration tasks already spelled out in state law, instead of saying they “are authorized” to do so, which was put into Tennessee code in a toughening of state immigration law that passed in 2018 .

The bill also refers back to a federal law that says it is voluntary for states and local governments to get involved in certain federal immigration law enforcement tasks.

A legislative fiscal analysis of the bill says “most, if not all, law enforcement agencies already communicate with the federal government regarding an individual’s immigration status,” citing information from the Tennessee police and sheriffs associations.

Lee has not vetoed a bill while in office in Tennessee, where lawmakers have a simple path to override a governor. He is among the governors who have sent National Guard troops to the border, at a proposed combined cost of $6.4 million for this budget year and the next.

Associated Press reporters Sara Cline in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Rebecca Boone in Boise, Idaho, contributed to this report.

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153 Domestic Violence Essay Topics & Samples
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Domestic Violence Essay Topics and Outline Examples ... In the US, the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) was passed in 1994, providing federal resources to combat domestic violence, improve victim services, and enhance legal protections. While progress has been made, domestic violence remains a persistent issue, and ongoing efforts are ...
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The immediate effects of domestic violence on victims can be profound, resulting in physical injuries, emotional trauma, and feelings of fear and helplessness. ... Understanding and Preventing Domestic Violence Essay. Domestic violence is a pervasive issue that affects millions of individuals and communities worldwide. According to the World ...
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Introduction. Domestic violence is a pervasive and harrowing issue that plagues society, leaving victims trapped in abusive relationships. This research delves into the complex journey of how victims escape such situations, the necessary steps involved, the consequences they may face upon leaving, and the likelihood of entering into another abusive relationship.
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Domestic Abuse is the continuous mistreatment by one individual against another within a home or relationship. There are different forms of abuse; the abuse can be physical, emotional, sexual, economic, or any behavior in which one person tries to control another by different means. Victims of domestic violence suffer short and long term ...
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EXPOSURE OF CHILDREN TO PARENTAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. It has been outlined by recent research that the presence of intimate partner violence often compromises a child's attachment to primary caregivers, which results in an additional risk factor for social, emotional, and psychological impairment[].A child can be exposed to domestic violence also through the awareness that violence occurs ...
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Survivors of domestic abuse can have many effects on the brain. Victims are typically exposed to repeated instances of abuse which includes traumatic brain injuries (TBI). "TBI-related cognitive and behavioral problems can also result in aggressive behavior that leads to the perpetration of violence, or a lack of insight and judgment, and ...
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Domestic violence can take a number of forms including physical, emotional, verbal, economic and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse that results in disfigurement or death. Globally, a wife or female partner is more commonly the victim of domestic violence, though the victim ...
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Domestic violence is a pattern of bullying, and controlling behavior that can include physical abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, sexual abuse, or financial abuse (using money and financial tools to exert control). Some abusers can use complete control over a victim's every action without ever using violence or only using sensitive ...
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In the current society, domestic violence (DV) has become a major concern following the increasing number of victims reporting cases of DV in their families. DV is a social challenge that crosses economic, religious, geographical, and even cultural boundaries. It is a violation of human rights since the affected people undergo emotional ...
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"When those murders happened, it really forced folks to take a look at domestic violence, what it really means to families, how dangerous it is," said Charmine Davis, director of family wellness at the Jenesse Center, a domestic violence prevention and intervention nonprofit in Los Angeles."It changed the way bills are passed and how politicians, police and the whole system looked at ...
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Domestic violence, also known as intimate partner violence, is a pervasive and destructive problem that affects individuals of all genders, ages, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It is a complex issue with far-reaching consequences for the victims, their families, and society as a whole. In this essay, we will explore the prevalence of domestic ...
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This study examines attitudes towards violence against women among the populace in Moscow, Russia using data drawn from the Moscow Health Survey. Information was obtained from 1,190 subjects (510 men and 680 women) about their perceptions of whether violence against women was a serious problem in contemporary Russia, and under what circumstances they thought it was justifiable for a husband to ...
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The O.J. Simpson case forced domestic violence into the spotlight
In the years since, the Violence Against Women Act has funded more than $9 billion in grants to combat domestic violence, from police training to social services to the 1996 launch of the National ...
Tennessee governor signs bill requiring local officers to aid US
"He could have listened to the warnings from police chiefs, educators, domestic violence victims' advocates and legal experts and stopped this misguided bill from becoming law," said Lisa ...