employment assignment clause

Assignment Of Employment Agreement

Jump to section, what is an assignment of employment agreement.

An assignment of employment agreement is a contract between an employer and employee that give employees rights in inventions they make. This agreement applies to inventions made while employeed with the contracted company and is meant to entice employees to come on board with the company. Since these agreements are so crucial in ensuring an employee's intellectual property is protected, employers place a special emphasis on the wording of these agreements.

The purpose of the agreement is to ensure the contracted company has the rights to use inventions of the employee without risk of legal retaliation.

Common Sections in Assignment Of Employment Agreements

Below is a list of common sections included in Assignment Of Employment Agreements. These sections are linked to the below sample agreement for you to explore.

Assignment Of Employment Agreement Sample

Reference : Security Exchange Commission - Edgar Database, EX-10.26 28 f8k0210ex10xxvi_envision.htm ASSIGNMENT OF EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT, DATED FEBRUARY 10, 2010, BY AND BETWEEN CASITA ENTERPRISES, INC., ENVISION SOLAR INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND ROBERT NOBLE , Viewed September 19, 2022, View Source on SEC .

Who Helps With Assignment Of Employment Agreements?

Lawyers with backgrounds working on assignment of employment agreements work with clients to help. Do you need help with an assignment of employment agreement?

Post a project in ContractsCounsel's marketplace to get free bids from lawyers to draft, review, or negotiate assignment of employment agreements. All lawyers are vetted by our team and peer reviewed by our customers for you to explore before hiring.

Meet some of our Assignment Of Employment Agreement Lawyers

Attorney and mediator with extensive experience in negotiating, drafting, and managing contracts in the private, public, and nonprofit sectors.

40+ years handling litigation matters for employers and employees, defense and prosecution of personal injury matters, CalOsha defense, prepare employment contracts, non-compete clauses, established drug policies and franchise agreements. represented banks in commercial litigation , asset retrieval matters. conducted audits of insurance company claims on behalf of employers, defended contractors in toxic tort cases, handled appeals to the insurance commissioner on workers compensation rate classification matters

Christian D.

Christian Davila received his Juris Doctorate from St. Mary’s University and becoming a member of the State Bar of Texas in 2013. Before law school, he studied at Texas A&M International University (TAMIU), and participated in multiple programs across various fields of study, including the University of Texas Medical Branch-School of Medicine’s “Early Medical School Acceptance Program,” and the Hispanic Association of Colleges & Universities’ “National Internship Program” at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Christian’s legal experience includes criminal law (both prosecution and defense), family law, transactional law, business litigation, real estate litigation, and general civil litigation. Christian was previously in-house counsel for a multi-million dollar apartment construction and management company, handling all property acquisition, document drafting, negotiations, and litigation. Christian is a former member of the American Association for Justice (formerly the Association of Trial Lawyers of America), and he has been distinguished by the National Trial Lawyers as one of their TOP 40 Civil Plaintiff attorneys in Texas UNDER 40 years old. He likes weightlifting, reading comicbooks, and being silly with his kids in his spare time.

I opened Hestia Legal when I was 6 months pregnant with the focus on educating and assisting families in my community. While the majority of my practice revolves around Estate Planning, I have a history of experience with contract and general business agreement drafting, discovery drafting, and general litigation document drafting.

I am a licensed attorney in Illinois, I am currently a Regulatory Compliance Analyst.

Torrey Livenick, Esq. is a fourth generation Colorado lawyer. Although she was born in California and raised in Nevada, she spent every summer in Colorado and knew she planned to make Denver her home. After graduating from Bryn Mawr College with a degree in Classical Culture and Society, she returned to Las Vegas to work as a paralegal. Once she spent five years building her skills and confirming her interest, she attended Emory University School of Law. Torrey’s interests include trivia (she even was a contestant on Jeopardy! during her law school days), video games, playing with her cats, and the arts. She is active in pro bono organizations including Metro Volunteer Lawyers.

Haber Law Firm, APC, is a transactional business law firm with a focus on small/mid-market business purchases and sales, outside general counsel, and start-up assistance for businesses in their early stages. Peter Haber started Haber Law Firm, APC after several years as a legal executive at Popcornopolis, a gourmet popcorn brand sold at groceries and stadiums nationwide. In this role, Peter served as the company’s sole in-house legal advisor as it related to all functions of the company’s operations, including dispute resolution, compliance, and employment law, to name a few. With his help and guidance, the company relocated its entire corporate and manufacturing operation, developed a new factory and warehouse, and was successfully acquired by private equity. Prior to this, Peter was a litigator and business attorney with distinguished Los Angeles litigation boutiques. Such matters included the representation of numerous businesses in litigation and in the resolution of pre-litigation disputes as well as the representation of professionals in liability defense matters, including hospitals, physicians, and brokers.

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How Do You Draft an Assignment Clause?

By Shauna Ng Lawyer

Updated on November 24, 2022 Reading time: 5 minutes

This article meets our strict editorial principles. Our lawyers, experienced writers and legally trained editorial team put every effort into ensuring the information published on our website is accurate. We encourage you to seek independent legal advice. Learn more .

Why Should I Include an Assignment or Novation Clause?

When Might You Use an Assignment or Novation?

What Form Does an Assignment or Novation Clause Take?

What are the risks.

Key Takeaways

Frequently Asked Questions

An assignment clause allows for a transfer of rights, benefits and obligations under a contract from one party to another. It is important to note that the assignor can only transfer its benefits under the contract. They cannot transfer burdens, obligations or liabilities through an assignment. This means the assignor is not released from their obligations, including any liabilities, under the contract. The assignee does not become a party to the original contract but can enforce their right to receive the benefit that the assignor assigned to them.

A novation clause is a clause that allows for the release of one party from a contract and their replacement with another party. Unlike an assignment clause, a novation clause allows for the transfer of liabilities but requires consent from all parties to the existing contract.

This article sets out:

what an assignment clause looks like;
when you may use one; and
why you may wish to use one.

It also explains the risks involved with assignments in contractual relationships.

Suppose you want to ensure that a third party possesses the right to enforce benefits under a contract. Assignment ensures that the third party can access the benefits under the contract. As mentioned earlier, assignment only applies to benefits in a contract and excludes liabilities.

Consider a novation if you want to transfer benefits and liabilities under the contract. Novation allows the new party to step into your shoes and take over your interests and obligations, including any burdens or liabilities under the contract. In effect, novation equates to an exchange of one party for another party.

It is important that an assignment or novation clause clearly defines who is allowed to assign or novate the agreement and the conditions on which this can be done. Similarly, suppose you wish to ensure that you continue to deal with the party you originally contracted with. In that case, you might include the option of terminating the contract in case of an attempt at assignment or novation.

When Might You Use an Assignment or Novation?

When purchasing a business, much of the value attributed to that business is in the quality of:

the existing customer base; and
established contractual relationships with suppliers.

If you sell a business, you will likely want to finalise any existing debts or contractual obligations.

By novating or transferring the contracts to a new party, the new party inherits your contractual relationships. This may include:

contracts with suppliers and customers;
existing debts; and
outstanding contractual obligations.

There are several ways to draft an assignment or novation clause, including where:

the parties to the agreement may only assign and/or novate the agreement, wholly or partially, with written consent from the other party;
neither party may assign and/or novate its rights under the agreement; or
the agreement binds the parties and their respective heirs, successors and assignees.

Assignment Clause Example

Assignment : A party must not assign, novate or otherwise deal with the whole or any part of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Party (such consent is not to be unreasonably withheld).

The effect of the clause above is to limit a party’s ability to assign its rights or benefits under the agreement, or otherwise novate its rights and obligations, by requiring consent from the other party.

In addition, you could include an option to terminate the contract if the other party attempts to assign its rights or substitute another party into the contract. Often, the nature of an assignment and novation clause will depend on your relationship with the other party. For example, in contractual relationships where one of the parties has the upper hand, assignment clauses might only prevent the weaker party from assigning and expressly permit the stronger party to assign its interests without requiring approval from the other party.

Change of Control Clause

You should also consider whether a change of control clause is required. A change of control clause anticipates a situation where there is a change in the ownership or control of a party to the contract. A well-drafted change of control clause should define the set of events that constitute a change of control, which may:

trigger a certain set of events, such as termination; or
be considered an assignment, triggering the same information and consent requirements necessary in an assignment situation.

Why would you care about a change of ownership in the other party? There are several reasons why a change of ownership or control of the other party could be problematic, including where:

you have a close business relationship with the existing owners;
you are concerned about competitors or potential competitors owning the counterparty; or
you have internal policies or prescribed risk structures that determine which companies or group of companies you can contract with.

If you do not have an effective novation or assignment clause, you risk ending up in a contract with an unknown party. The party you end up in a contract with could have different values and abilities than the party you initially contracted. This can negatively impact your business.

However, it is important to consider the availability of assignment and novation from a prospective purchaser’s point of view. For example, not being able to assign your contracts with customers or supplies might decrease your business’s overall attractiveness and value to that buyer.

Know which key terms to negotiate when buying a business to protect your interests and gain a favourable outcome.

Key Takeaways

When entering into contracts, it is essential that your contract lawyer carefully considers any novation or assignment clauses. These clauses are important mechanisms that allow for the transfer of interest, obligations, rights and benefits within a contractual relationship. In some circumstances, they may increase the value and flexibility of your business. In other circumstances, however, they can pose the risk of losing control of the skillsets, values and abilities of the party you are contracting with.

If you need help with an assignment clause, our experienced contract lawyers can assist as part of our LegalVision membership. For a low monthly fee, you will have unlimited access to lawyers to answer your questions and draft and review your documents. Call us today on 1300 544 755 or visit our membership page .

An assignment clause allows for a transfer of rights, benefits and obligations under a contract from one party to another.

A novation clause is a clause that allows for the release of one party from a contract and replaces them with another party.

A change of control clause anticipates a situation where there is a change in the ownership or control of a party to the contract.

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What Is an Assignment Clause?

An assignment clause spells out which contractual obligations, rights, and duties may be transferred from one of the contractual parties to another party. 3 min read updated on February 01, 2023

Updated October 29, 2020:

An assignment clause spells out which contractual obligations, rights, and duties may be transferred from one of the contractual parties to another party. The assignment may be in whole or in part, and the clause also details the conditions under which a party can assign these duties.

U.S. law dictates that most contractual rights can be freely assigned or delegated, unless an agreement states otherwise.

The assignment clause often overlaps with two other clauses:

Parties in Interest
Successors and Assigns

These control who assumes contractual rights and obligations.

Legal Background and Freely Assignable Rights

When one party in a contract “assigns” the agreement to someone else, this means the first party — the assignor — transfers its contractual rights and obligations to the second party — the assignee.

In some instances, one party will not want the other contractual party to freely assign its duties. Contracts will then include language that states this.

One exception to the general assignability rule is intellectual property licenses . Legally, a licensor must first give consent before an IP licensee can assign or delegate its rights or obligations, even in the case where the license agreement is silent.

Requirements for Assignment Consent

There are different ways to say the same thing in a contract. Some people prefer lengthier statements, and others like to keep things brief. The following are various ways to make the same points.

One contractual party isn't allowed to assign its agreement to another person without prior written consent of the other contractual party, except as provided for in the contract. If an assignment is made without this consent, it won't be considered valid.
One party may not assign any interest or right arising out of this contract — in whole or in part — without prior consent.
To keep all doubts at bay, no consent is required for an assignment — including collateral, absolute, or other — for a contractual right to payment.

These are the takeaways from these stipulations:

This type of requirement for an assignment clause can create obstacles for the non-assigning party in corporate reorganizations or future mergers.
The party that's being asked to consent to an assignment clause requirement may want to negotiate its position. For instance, it may find negotiations helpful in a situation when the assignment involves a substantial sale.

A Party May Not Unreasonably Withhold or Delay Consent

It's not permissible to hold up consent to unreasonable delays.

Other ways to state this include:

To avoid doubt, a party that suffers damage due to the unreasonable delay or withholding of consent by the other party can treat them as direct damages.
To avoid doubt, damages that arise to one party from the unreasonable delay or withholding of consent by the other party aren't excluded from remedies.

Even when these provisions aren't in place, the law may still impose a reasonableness requirement. This requirement may not hold a lot of practical value, whether it's implied by the law or contractual. A reasonableness requirement can't guarantee that the non-assigning party will give consent when the assigning party wants it. By the time a case has worked its way through the court system to a decision, the deal that the assigning party was working on could have fallen through or otherwise be negated or moot.

However, this provision for unreasonable withholding should get the non-assigning party to carefully consider taking too much time due to the prospect of being held liable for damages. This can result in costly consequences.

On the other hand, having an unreasonable delay provision could create conflict with the provision concerning material breach of contract.

When you enter into a contract, it's important that you know what your rights and obligations are, as well as the other party's rights and obligations. If you don't want certain outcomes — assignment of duties, for instance — you must usually make it clear in the agreement. Getting help from a legal professional in the contract law field is a good idea when writing up a contract . That way, you increase the chances of covering everything you want covered, from the finer points to the bigger ones.

If you need help with contracts, you can post your legal need on UpCounsel's marketplace. UpCounsel accepts only the top 5 percent of lawyers to its site. Lawyers on UpCounsel come from law schools such as Harvard Law and Yale Law and average 14 years of legal experience, including work with or on behalf of companies like Google, Menlo Ventures, and Airbnb.

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Assignment Clause Employment Contract

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The assignment clause in an employment contract is an essential provision that dictates the transferability of employment contracts between individuals and entities. It is a legal section that determines whether an employee can transfer their employment rights to a new employer or whether their contract is binding to their current employer.

The assignment clause can be a source of confusion, especially for employees who are not familiar with contract law. As such, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of this provision before signing any employment contract.

In most cases, an assignment clause allows an employer to transfer an employee`s rights and obligations under the contract to another entity. If a company is sold or merged with another entity, the employment contract may be transferred to the new entity. Additionally, the clause may also allow the employer to subcontract work to another entity or assign work to an employee`s colleague.

However, the employee`s employment rights may not change, and the employer is still obligated to provide the same benefits, working conditions, and compensation. The employee must also be notified when such a transfer occurs and must agree to the terms of the transfer.

On the other hand, the assignment clause can also work in favor of the employee. The provision may permit the employee to transfer their employment rights to another employer or entity. This provision is common in industries where employees may be assigned to work for different clients or projects.

However, an employee is not permitted to transfer their contract without the employer`s consent. The employer may deny the transfer request if, for example, the new employer is a direct competitor.

The assignment clause is a complex provision that may have significant legal and financial implications. Therefore, it is crucial to seek legal advice before signing any employment contract. An experienced employment lawyer can help review the contract and ensure that the assignment clause does not limit or infringe on any employment rights.

In conclusion, the assignment clause is a vital provision in an employment contract that dictates the transferability of an employee`s rights and obligations. Both the employer and employee must understand the clause`s implications and seek legal advice before signing any contract. Failure to do so may result in legal and financial consequences.

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Patent Assignments in Employment Agreements – a Sometimes Overlooked, but Always Important Component

November 16, 2021

By: Peter C. Lando and Thomas P. McNulty

By: Thomas McNulty and Peter Lando, with assistance from summer intern Tyler Gruttadauria

Businesses, of course, have a strong interest in owning intellectual property created by their employees. Intellectual property—patents, copyrights, and other confidential and proprietary information including trade secrets—is often the most valuable asset a business can own, so it is important to ensure that employee developments and inventions belong to the employer. In the United States, inventions presumptively belong to the inventor, and any transfer of ownership (“assignment”) must be in writing to be effective. Rather than requiring employees to sign assignment agreements for each patent application filing, employers sometimes rely on employment agreements and handbooks to establish ownership in intellectual property created by an employee. Employers often provide employment agreements with assignment clauses that are intended to give the employer rights in inventions made by the employee during the period of employment. These assignment clauses are often treated as mere boilerplate, yet the precise wording of these clauses can have major impacts on the effectiveness and limitations of any assignment.

Ensure that you have an Assignment and not a mere promise to assign

When drafting an agreement to have an employee assign future inventions, it is vital that the language used in an assignment clause states a present-tense, actual assignment. Phrases such as “hereby assign,” “agrees to grant and does hereby grant,” or that inventions “shall belong” to the employer and employee “hereby conveys, transfers and assigns” have been deemed by the courts to be effective to transfer ownership of a future invention without the need for any subsequent agreement. Ownership effectively transfers immediately, once the invention has been made. Assignment clauses that use future tense language, on the other hand, generally will require an additional agreement to result in a transfer of ownership of the invention, and any intellectual property (“IP”) covering the invention. Terms such as “will assign,” “agree to assign,” “will be assigned,” and the like, have been found by numerous courts to constitute nothing more than a promise or contract to assign an invention in the future, but not to serve as an actual assignment.

In addition to the wording used in the assignment clause, the language of any carve-outs should also be scrutinized. Agreements may contain a carve-out clause to exclude a new employee’s prior inventions from being assigned, or to prevent assignment of inventions unrelated to the employee’s work from being swept into the assignment provision. A broad, non-specific carve-out clause may prevent an employee agreement from automatically assigning inventions of that employee, even where the assignment clause includes the proper “hereby assign” type of language, because this leaves open the possibility that an invention is not subject to the assignment clause. This contrasting language may create an ambiguity in the employment agreement that subjects it to construction under state law, which in turn may allow for the employee to introduce extrinsic evidence, such as conversations that took place during employment negotiations, to defeat the automatic assignment. While patent assignment provisions are governed by Federal Circuit law, resolution of contractual ambiguities is governed by state law, which varies considerably regarding the admissibility of such extrinsic evidence.

Failure to obtain an automatic assignment can have negative consequences

An assignment clause that is deemed ineffective to automatically transfer ownership of an invention can create significant problems for an employer. In such circumstances, a business would not have standing to bring a patent infringement suit until it has taken the necessary steps to obtain a valid assignment. This may require the filing of a breach of contract claim against the employee to require fulfillment of the contractual obligations, including execution of assignment documents. In the interim, infringers could continue practicing the invention; and if the infringing activity has gone on long enough, the six-year statute of limitations may prohibit full recovery of damages. Further, if an inventor/employee has made only a promise to assign, and instead transfers ownership to a third party who lacks knowledge of the assignment obligation, that second transfer of ownership may well prevail, leaving the original employer with no exclusionary rights at all.

Ineffective assignment provisions can affect more than just litigation. Businesses and investors typically conduct IP due diligence when entering into transactions involving the investment in or sale of IP assets, company divisions or entire entities, and any weaknesses in assignment provisions may affect the perceived value of the IP assets and/or business being considered.

Do not count on the “Hired-to-Invent” doctrine to result in ownership of employee inventions

Some employers do not require employees to sign an agreement containing an assignment of inventions because they believe that they automatically own inventions that they paid someone to create. Under the “hired-to-invent” doctrine, this will only occasionally be correct. Employees or contractors hired (and paid) specifically to create a particular invention or to solve a particular problem may be deemed to have implicitly assigned their rights in the invention to the employer. This is a highly fact-based determination, however, and applies only to inventions created in response to the specific thing the employee was hired to do. A mere title of “researcher” or even “inventor” will not, standing alone, suffice to ensure ownership of inventions by the employer. Further, until a court has ruled one way or the other, an employer relying on this doctrine will not have any certainty in its rights to the invention. Should the court rule against the employer, it would lose the exclusionary rights it believed it possessed and may face an infringement lawsuit from the employee or anyone to whom the employee may have assigned the invention/patent rights.

Absent an effective assignment, an employer may obtain limited “shop rights” in inventions made using the employer’s time, materials, facilities or equipment. Shop rights take the form of an implied license to practice the invention, precluding the employee from obtaining damages or injunctive relief on a patented invention. Shop rights are limited, however, and do not allow the employer to prevent others from competing by practicing the invention. Further, shop rights cannot be transferred via license or assignment, effectively devaluing the IP assets and, perhaps, the company.

Other Considerations

In addition to having the proper “hereby assign” language, employment contracts should ensure that inventions , rather than just patents or patent applications, are subject to the assignment clause. Language stating that all inventions, improvements, discoveries, and the like, whether or not patentable or copyrightable, are subject to the assignment, ensures that information that could be protected through other regimes, such as trade secrets, automatically become the property of the employer.

Intellectual property has taken on an ever-increasing role in determining the value of a business. A company’s ability to develop and protect its intellectual property is a key factor in its future success. Given this, it is important that businesses recognize that assignment provisions of employment agreements are not mere boilerplate, but instead may be one of the most important legal provisions that ultimately can impact not only an employment arrangement, but the value of the business itself.

Peter C. Lando
Thomas P. McNulty

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Patent Assignments in Employment Agreements – A Sometimes Overlooked, but Always Important, Component Intellectual property is often the most valuable asset a business can own.

By Peter Lando and Thomas McNulty • Dec 20, 2021

Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.

Businesses, of course, have a strong interest in owning intellectual property created by their employees. Intellectual property — patents, copyrights and other confidential and proprietary information including trade secrets — are often the most valuable assets a business can own, so it is important to ensure that employee developments and inventions belong to the employer. In the United States, inventions presumptively belong to the inventor, and any transfer of ownership (assignment) must be in writing to be effective. Rather than requiring employees to sign assignment agreements for each patent application filing, employers sometimes rely on employment agreements and handbooks to establish ownership in intellectual property created by an employee. Employers often provide employment agreements with assignment clauses that are intended to give the employer rights in inventions made by the employee during the period of employment. These assignment clauses are often treated as mere boilerplate, yet the precise wording of these clauses can have major impacts on the effectiveness and limitations of any assignment.

Ensure that you have an assignment and not a mere promise to assign

Assignment clauses that use future tense language, on the other hand, generally will require an additional agreement to result in a transfer of ownership of the invention, and any intellectual property ("IP") covering the invention. Terms such as will assign, agree to assign, will be assigned and the like, have been found by numerous courts to constitute nothing more than a promise or contract to assign an invention in the future, but not to serve as an actual assignment.

In addition to the wording used in the assignment clause, the language of any carve-outs should also be scrutinized. Agreements may contain a carve-out clause to exclude a new employee's prior inventions from being assigned, or to prevent assignment of inventions unrelated to the employee's work from being swept into the assignment provision. A broad, non-specific carve-out clause may prevent an employee agreement from automatically assigning inventions of that employee, even where the assignment clause includes the proper hereby assign type of language, because this leaves open the possibility that an invention is not subject to the assignment clause. This contrasting language may create an ambiguity in the employment agreement that subjects it to construction under state law, which in turn may allow for the employee to introduce extrinsic evidence, such as conversations that took place during employment negotiations, to defeat the automatic assignment. While patent assignment provisions are governed by Federal Circuit law, resolution of contractual ambiguities is governed by state law, which varies considerably regarding the admissibility of such extrinsic evidence.

Failure to obtain an automatic assignment can have negative consequences

Related: The How-To: Protecting Your Intellectual Property As A Small Business

Do not count on the hired-to-invent doctrine to result in ownership of employee inventions

Some employers do not require employees to sign an agreement containing an assignment of inventions because they believe that they automatically own inventions that they paid someone to create. Under the hired-to-invent doctrine, this will only occasionally be correct. Employees or contractors hired (and paid) specifically to create a particular invention or to solve a particular problem may be deemed to have implicitly assigned their rights in the invention to the employer. This is a highly fact-based determination, however, and applies only to inventions created in response to the specific thing the employee was hired to do. A mere title of researcher or even inventor will not, standing alone, suffice to ensure ownership of inventions by the employer. Further, until a court has ruled one way or the other, an employer relying on this doctrine will not have any certainty in its rights to the invention. Should the court rule against the employer, it would lose the exclusionary rights it believed it possessed and may face an infringement lawsuit from the employee or anyone to whom the employee may have assigned the invention/patent rights.

Absent an effective assignment, an employer may obtain limited shop rights in inventions made using the employer's time, materials, facilities or equipment. Shop rights take the form of an implied license to practice the invention, precluding the employee from obtaining damages or injunctive relief on a patented invention. Shop rights are limited, however, and do not allow the employer to prevent others from competing by practicing the invention. Further, shop rights cannot be transferred via license or assignment, effectively devaluing the IP assets and, perhaps, the company.

Other considerations

In addition to having the proper hereby assign language, employment contracts should ensure that inventions, rather than just patents or patent applications, are subject to the assignment clause. Language stating that all inventions, improvements, discoveries and the like, whether or not patentable or copyrightable, are subject to the assignment, ensures that information that could be protected through other regimes, such as trade secrets, automatically become the property of the employer.

Related: Securing Your IP: The Two Key Legal Documents Every UAE ...

Intellectual property has taken on an ever-increasing role in determining the value of a business. A company's ability to develop and protect its intellectual property is a key factor in its future success. Given this, it is important that businesses recognize that assignment provisions of employment agreements are not mere boilerplate, but instead may be one of the most important legal provisions that ultimately can impact not only an employment arrangement, but the value of the business itself.

Related: Top 5 Intellectual-Property Challenges Businesses Face

*The authors would like to thank Lando & Anastasi summer intern Tyler Gruttadauria for his contributions to this article.

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Imagine paying millions to acquire a company only to later discover the restrictive covenants in the employment agreements of high-level executives were unenforceable. That’s precisely what happened in Intertek Asset Integrity Management . In Intertek , Texas’s Twelfth Court of Appeals held a company Vice President’s non-compete was unenforceable by the purchaser-entity because the underlying employment agreement lacked an assignment clause. Such language, if included, would have permitted the seller to transfer the contract’s rights and obligations without the employee’s consent. Assignability clauses are frequently buried in the “miscellaneous” section of agreements and—too often—omitted. Businesses who overlook these terms in Texas employment contracts do so at their peril.

Restrictive covenants can be a key component to success in highly-competitive industries of all stripes. Well-drafted noncompetes, customer and employee non-solicits, and nondisclosure provisions in employment contracts can safeguard a company’s confidential and proprietary information, while limiting unfair competition from employee-raiding competitors looking to shortcut the path to profits. In addition, having enforceable restrictive covenants in place with key personnel can add value to a business in the context of a sale. Unsurprisingly, then, much time, energy, and focus is placed on drafting restrictive covenants in employment contracts. But an important, and related, contractual provision is often given short shrift: assignability.

Texas courts have demonstrated just how crucial assignability clauses are in employment contracts—and how the absence of one can, and likely will, render the enforcement of restrictive covenants by a purchaser-entity nearly impossible. Accordingly, savvy employers must recognize the importance of ensuring their restrictive covenant agreements contain assignability clauses; or risk having them declared worthless during or after an acquisition event.

As a general matter of Texas law, contracts are freely assignable to another party unless the contract is for “personal services.” Personal service contracts are those which contemplate the performance of personal services involving the exercise of special knowledge, judgment, taste, skill, or ability, including work requiring “rare genius” or “extraordinary skill.” [1] These contracts are only assignable if the assignor has the assignee’s consent—most often accomplished via an assignability clause. And absent an assignability clause, it could be impossible for a third party to enforce the underlying agreement against the assignee. Simply put, a restrictive covenant agreement with a high-level employee or executive may be unassignable without that individual’s consent.

This precise issue recently came before the Tyler Court of Appeals; which refused to enforce a non-compete provision in an employment contract because the agreement did not have an assignability clause and the employee did not otherwise consent to the assignment.

In Intertek Asset Integrity Management , [2] a Vice President successfully prevented a purchaser entity, Intertek, from enforcing the non-compete provision in his employment agreement. Notably, the employment agreement did not contain an assignability clause. In an effort to overcome this omission, Intertek argued that the employment agreement did not fall into the “personal services” contract exception and should be enforceable. In addition, Intertek argued that the purchase agreement defined the acquired “assets” to include all the “seller’s rights, title and interest in all Contracts … and Employee agreements of the seller.” The court rejected Intertek’s argument and refused to enforce the non-compete provision in the employment agreement. In so doing, the Intertek court made two major findings. First, the court found that the employment agreement was a personal services contract, because the Vice President’s position required “rare genius” or “extraordinary skill” and relied on the Vice President’s personal trust, confidence, skill, character, or credit. Second, because the personal services contract (i.e., the employment agreement) did not contain an assignability provision and the Vice President did not consent to assignment, the non-compete provision was unenforceable.

Since Intertek, courts have continued to support this concept that, without a valid assignability clause, restrictive covenants in an employment agreement are unenforceable by purchaser entities. [3]

Assignability clauses are frequently relegated to the “miscellaneous” section of employment agreements, and can seem inconsequential. But the failure to include a carefully-crafted assignability clause could be detrimental to businesses seeking to enforce restrictive covenants after an acquisition. It is important for employers to recognize the importance of including these provisions within their employment agreements so that they remain enforceable following an acquisition or asset transfer. And buyers in a corporate transaction should have a clear understanding of what language is—and is not—in the seller’s contracts with key executives.

[1] See In re Wofford , 608 B.R. 494, 496-97 (Bankr. E.D. Tex. 2019).

[2] Intertek Asset Integrity Mgmt. v. Dirksen , No. 12-20-00060-CV, 2021 WL 1047055, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 2112 (Tex. App.—Tyler Mar. 18, 2021, no pet. h.).

[3] See Winsupply E. Hous. v. Blackmon , No. 4:21-CV-01387, 2021 WL 5504756, 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 225067, at *17 (S.D. Tex. 2021) (declining to enforce a non-compete provision against a salesperson and sales assistant by an acquiring company, because their employment agreements did not contain valid assignment clauses and the employees did not otherwise agree to assignment).

Current Legal Analysis

More from sheppard, mullin, richter & hampton llp, upcoming legal education events.

Was the 2020 election stolen? Job interviews at RNC take an unusual turn.

Prospective hires say agreeing with trump’s false election claim appears to be a new litmus test for being hired by the party.

Those seeking employment at the Republican National Committee after a Donald Trump-backed purge of the committee this month have been asked in job interviews if they believe the 2020 election was stolen, according to people familiar with the interviews, making the false claim a litmus test of sorts for hiring.

In recent days, Trump advisers have quizzed multiple employees who had worked in key 2024 states — and who are reapplying for jobs — about their views on the last presidential election, according to people who spoke on the condition of anonymity to describe private interviews and discussions. The interviews have been conducted mostly virtually, as the applicants are based in key swing states.

“Was the 2020 election stolen?” one prospective employee recalled being asked in a room with two top Trump advisers.

The query about the 2020 election startled some of the potential employees, who viewed it as questioning their loyalty to Trump and as an unusual job interview question, according to the people familiar with the interviews. A group of senior Trump advisers has been in the RNC building in recent days conducting the interviews.

The questions about the 2020 election were open-ended, two people familiar with the questioning said.

“But if you say the election wasn’t stolen, do you really think you’re going to get hired?” one former RNC employee asked.

“Candidates who worked on the front line in battleground states or are currently in states where fraud allegations have been prevalent were asked about their work experience,” RNC and Trump spokeswoman Danielle Alvarez said in a statement Tuesday. “We want experienced staff with meaningful views on how elections are won and lost and real experience-based opinions about what happens in the trenches.”

President Biden’s reelection campaign on Wednesday sharply criticized the RNC’s practice of asking prospective employees whether the 2020 election was stolen.

“In Donald Trump’s America, elections are only fair when he wins and nothing is off the table to stay in power — including violence like on January 6th and being a dictator on day one,” Biden spokesperson Ammar Moussa said in a statement. “And, now, Donald Trump is demanding fealty to his extreme, anti-democratic beliefs to be part of his Republican Party.”

RNC staffers were told en masse in early March that they were being let go but could reapply for jobs, and the application process has included an interview with the Trump advisers. Those advisers this week are vetting former employees and some laid-off employees — whose last day is Friday — to decide how many can either return or stay with the RNC.

Doug Heye, a longtime GOP strategist who worked as communications director at the RNC, said the party had long expected staffers to mimic the positions of its presidential candidates . “You’re there for that specific reason,” he said, “to back the candidate up and go along with the worldview.”

But nominees other than Trump wouldn’t make such outlandish claims, he said, or put employees in such an uncomfortable spot.

“The problem with Trumpism is that despite bringing in very smart and very capable people, if you want to play Trump’s game, you have to back him up on everything he says. Claims about the election being stolen is kind of the last frontier of that,” Heye said.

Other questions have included what applicants believe should be done on “election integrity” in 2024, along with basic questions about their job responsibilities, their previous employers and their opinions on how things are going at the RNC.

Instead of having employees based in Washington, Trump advisers have told prospective employees that many will be expected to move to Palm Beach, Fla., to be near Trump’s Mar-a-Lago Club, hollowing out the RNC headquarters. RNC officials have said it is about combining the operations of the campaign and the committee for maximum use ahead of the general election.

The hiring process came after Trump grew disillusioned with the leadership of RNC Chairwoman Ronna McDaniel, who then stepped down in early March . One of his main gripes was that the RNC had not done enough to focus on “election integrity” or to boost his claims that the 2020 election was stolen. McDaniel, for her part, faced a widespread revolt this week at NBC News, where she was hired as a contributor, over her past comments questioning the validity of the election; NBC announced Tuesday that it was reversing its decision.

Trump installed Michael Whatley , a loyalist from North Carolina, as the chairman of the party, along with daughter-in-law Lara Trump as co-chair.

Trump has falsely maintained since 2020 that the election was stolen and has often endorsed candidates based on agreement with that belief. He is facing charges in federal court in Washington over his efforts to overturn the 2020 election.

Some Trump advisers have urged him for years to stop talking about the election, but he has largely resisted those entreaties.

‘For me, it was a no brainer’: Decatur City Council approves Gleason as next city manager

DECATUR, Ill. (WCIA) — Decatur has officially found its next city manager.

The Decatur City Council approved of the appointment of Tim Gleason to the city manager position in a 6-0-1 vote Monday night, followed by a 5-1-1 vote for his employment agreement, which includes $260,000 in total compensation and 10 weeks of time off.

Councilmember Dennis Cooper voted no on his compensation package, while Councilman David Horn voted to abstain from both votes.

Both Cooper and Horn brought up at the meeting their discomfort of the process. Decatur Mayor Julie Moore Wolfe said last week she picked Gleason without considering other candidates or accepting applications.

“He may very well be the best candidate, but it’s hard to determine that when you have nothing to compare against,” Cooper said.

Councilmember Chuck Kuhle defended the hiring process.

“We had a known, qualified, proven candidate who had worked here before, was well received by the community in the past,” Kuhle said, “and for me, it was a no brainer, as he’s qualified. He’s a great person for the city.”

Gleason previously served as the city manager for Decatur between 2015 and 2018. He then worked at the City of Bloomington as its city manager for the last six years.

Outgoing Decatur City Manager Scot Wrighton said he has already been working with Gleason to ensure a smooth transition.

Gleason’s full contract can be found on the city of Decatur’s website.

For the latest news, weather, sports, and streaming video, head to WCIA.com.

‘For me, it was a no brainer’: Decatur City Council approves Gleason as next city manager

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40 facts about elektrostal.

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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ABC13 careers

Annual Equal Employment Opportunity Public File Report - 2023-2024

Click here to download the KTRK-TV/ABC13 2023-2024 EEO report .

To view the KTRK-TV Online Public Inspection File (OPIF) - please click here .

I. GENERAL POLICY

This report covers the period from March 16, 2023 through March 31, 2024.

KTRK-TV (the "Station") has a longstanding commitment to a policy of equal employment and advancement opportunities for all qualified individuals without regard to race, color, gender identity, marital status, religion, age, national origin, citizenship status, disability, sex, sexual orientation, covered veteran status, or any other basis prohibited by state or federal law.

In the Station's commitment to fair employment practices, we strive to ensure that equal consideration is extended to all employees and applicants in recruitment, selection procedures, employee development, performance evaluation, promotions, transfers, benefits and all other aspects of employment.

It is the Station's policy to promote the realization of equal employment opportunity through a positive, continuing program of specific recruitment, outreach, hiring, development, promotion and other practices.

II. RESPONSIBILITY

Wendy Granato, KTRK-TV's President & General Manager, is responsible for supervising EEO compliance.

III. INTERNAL RECORD KEEPING

In compliance with the EEO record keeping requirements, the Station creates a file for each position to be filled. The file generally includes, but is not limited to, the following items: copies of advertisements, emails, and distributions to the Station's mailing lists used to notify sources of openings, and a summary of interviewees who applied for vacancies as well as their referral sources.

In addition, the Station documents and retains information about its long-term recruitment initiatives.

These files generally include, but are not limited to: the nature and date of each activity, the scope of the Station's participation, and the names and titles of the Station personnel involved.

IV. POSITIONS FILLED AND RECRUITMENT METHODS

KTRK-TV has publicized job vacancies in the following ways and as indicated below:

Sending or emailing the KTRK-TV job listing to the 28 organizations detailed in Attachment A . We periodically broadcast on-air announcements publicizing the fact that qualified organizations may request to be added to our mailing list. The organizations are receiving notification have not requested to receive our notices of job postings.
Posting all open positions on The Walt Disney Company online career website, Disneycareers.com which subsequently posts open positions with DirectEmployers Association Network sites detailed in Attachment B.
Posting open positions on the Station's website, ABC13.com.
Posting open positions to the state broadcast association, Texas Association of Broadcasters, TAB.org. This state broadcast association has not requested to receive our notices of job postings, we voluntarily submit all postings.

During the period covered by this report, March 16, 2023 to March 31, 2024, KTRK-TV had a total of thirteen vacancies for full-time positions, and currently has two open positions/postings, an Assignment Planner and a Newscast Producer.

Following are the positions filled during the period covered by this report:

Meteorologist (Posted 01/09/23, Filled - Elyse Smith 03/20/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Seven people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: ABC13.com - 1; Employee Referral - 1; and Disneycareers.com - 5. The referral source of the candidate hired was Employee Referral.

Digital Producer (Posted 10/25/22, Filled - Melanie Garcia 04/14/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Seven people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: LinkedIn.com - 1; Disneycareers.com - 2; Employee Referral - 1 and Internal Candidate -3. The referral source of the candidate hired was Internal Candidate.

News Photographer (Posted 03/08/23, Filled - Chris Carr 04/18/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Four people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: LinkedIn.com - 2; ABC13.com - 1 and Facebook.com -1. The referral source of the candidate hired was ABC13.com.

Reporter / Fill-In Anchor (Posted 02/23/23, Filled - Jiovanni Lieggi 04/26/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Six people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: Disneycareers.com - 6. The referral source of the candidate hired was Disneycareers.com.

Premium Content Producer (Posted 03/21/23, Filled - Ashley Byers 05/04/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Five people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: Internal Candidate - 1; Disneycareers.com - 2; ABC13.com - 1 and LinkedIn.com - 1. The referral source of the candidate hired was Internal Candidate.

Investigative Reporter (Posted 3/9/23, Filled - Kevin Ozebek 06/20/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Six people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: Disneycareers.com - 4 and Company Internal Candidate- 2. The referral source of the candidate hired was Disneycareers.com

Newscast Producer (Posted 05/31/23, Filled - Danielle Viator 07/09/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Four people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: Disneycareers.com - 1, Internal Candidate -1 and LinkedIn.com - 2. The referral source of the candidate hired was Internal Candidate.

Reporter (Posted 06/26/23, Filled - Alexandrea Bozarjian 07/12/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Four people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: Talent agent - 2 and Disneycareers.com - 2. The referral source of the candidate hired was Talent Agent.

Anchor/Reporter (Posted 8/15/23, Filled - Brandon Hamilton 10/04/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Five people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: Disneycareers.com - 1; ABC13.com -1 and Talent Agent - 3. The referral source of the candidate hired was ABC13.com.

Anchor/Reporter (Posted 07/25/23, Filled - Luke Jones 10/02/23)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Five people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: Disneycareers.com - 3 and Talent Agent - 2. The referral source of the candidate hired was Talent Agent.

Photojournalist (Posted 11/28/23, Filled Michael Barbagallo 01/03/24)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Seven people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: Disneycareers.com - 4; TAB.org - 1; Recruiter sourced - 1; and Internal Candidate - 1. The referral source of the candidate hired was Disneycareers.com.

Associate Producer (Posted 12/12/23, Filled - Francis Churchill 01/4/24)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Seven people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: LinkedIn -1; Internal Candidates - 2 and Employee Referrals - 4. The referral source of the candidate hired was LinkedIn.

Transmission Engineer/Operator (Posted 12/15/23, Filled 1/22/24- Daniel Kramer)

This job vacancy was publicized as described above. Nine people were interviewed. Referral sources of the candidates interviewed were as follows: Internal Candidates - 3; LinkedIn - 1; Employee Referral - 3 and Disneycareers.com -2. The referral source of the candidate hired was LinkedIn.

IV. LONG TERM RECRUITMENT INITIATIVES

KTRK-TV is committed to performing ongoing non-vacancy specific recruitment efforts that bring attention to the variety of job and career opportunities at the Station. Outreach efforts are designed to provide information about job opportunities and job requirements, as well as provide information as how to apply for job opportunities within KTRK-TV and The Walt Disney Company, and on the Internship Program which is designed to educate students on job opportunities available at the Station. We strive to provide information and training to develop a diverse pool of prospective candidates for the future.

A. Participation in Job Fairs

1. Asian American Journalists Association Conference and Career Expo

AAJA is a non-profit organization founded in 1981 with more than 1500 members in 20 chapters across the US and Asia. Close to one-third of AAJA's members are students and the organization places an emphasis on bringing young people into the news business, serving professional development needs, uplifting our communities and facilitating important dialogue around equity and inclusion, innovation, and the evolution of newsrooms. AAJA's strategic goals include providing year-round programs and a life-long pipeline, with a focus on innovation, building a strong community for all, helping journalists and newsroom break down long-standing barriers for journalists and communities of color and to lead the industry toward greater equity, diversity and inclusion. AAJA's convention included sessions and workshops for professional development, in addition to the career fair. The conference this year was held in Washington, DC from July 19, 2023 through July 23, 2023. Reporter, Miya Shay participated from KTRK-TV to answer questions and offer information about careers and opportunities at the Station.

2. National Association of Hispanic Journalists 2023 Convention and Career Expo

NAHJ is an educational and charitable association dedicated to the recognition and professional advancement of Hispanic students, professionals, and educators in the field of journalism. NAHJ provides a national voice and unified vision for all Hispanic journalists and has a national network of 23 Professional Chapters, and 28 Student Chapters including working journalists, journalism students, other media-related professionals and journalism educators in 17 states, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Today, there are more than 4000 members nationwide. The organization holds an annual convention and career fair with sessions and workshops for professional development, and this year they held the convention together. National Association of Hispanic Journalists (NAHJ) held their annual convention in Miami, FL from July 12, 2023 to July 15, 2023. Richard Guerra, Assignment Manager and Nancy Vazquez, Staff Coordinator participated from KTRK-TV to answer questions and offer information about careers and opportunities at the Station.

3. National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association (NLGJA) National Convention

National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association (NLGJA) is the Association of LGBTQ Journalists and is a journalist-led association made up of journalists, media professionals, educators and students working to advance fair and accurate coverage of LGBTQ+ communities and issues. NLGJA's goals are to enhance the professionalism, skills and career opportunities for LGBTQ+ journalists, to strengthen the identity, respect and status of LGBTQ+ journalist in the newsroom and throughout the practice of journalism, to advocate for the highest journalistic and ethical standards in the coverage of LGBTQ+ issues, to collaborate with other professional journalist associations and promote the principles of inclusion and diversity and, to promote mentoring and leadership to future journalists. The national convention was held at in Philadelphia, PA from September 7, 2023 through September 10, 2023 and featured a Career & Community expo, breakout and plenary sessions, and many opportunities to connect and network. News Director, Keaton Fuchs participated from KTRKTV to answer questions and offer information about careers and opportunities at the Station.

4. Native American Journalists Association (NAJA) Conference

NAJA, currently based on the campus of the University of Oklahoma, was formed in 1983 with the primary goal to lift up Native voices in all platforms of media and to work with colleagues across the media industry to ensure accurate and contextual reporting about Native people and communities. The organization serves and empowers Native journalists through programs and actions designated to enrich journalism and promote Native cultures. NAJA educates and unifies its membership through journalism programs that promote diversity and defends challenges to free press, speech and expression. NAJA is committed to increasing the

representation of Native journalists in mainstream media and encourages both mainstream and tribal media to attain the highest standards of professionalism, ethics and responsibility. NAJA's conference this year was held in Winnipeg, Canada from August 10, 2023 through August 12, 2023. Reporter, Charliss Edsitty participated from KTRK-TV to answer questions and offer information about careers and opportunities at the Station.

B. Internship Program

KTRK-TV's internship program offers paid internships for college students and recent graduates interested in careers in television broadcasting. The internship program is designed to provide them with an onsite educational experience that complements their academic studies. We conduct two intern sessions each year, January to June and June to December and interns can participate in two sessions equating to a one-year internship. During the reporting period, KTRK-TV hired thirteen interns, three of whom attended two consecutive sessions.

KTRK-TV's internship program has launched the careers of dozens of students with aspirations to work in broadcasting. Currently there are nineteen former KTRK-TV interns working at the Station, including one Vice President - Programming, the Vice President, Programming, two Senior Managers (Managing Editor and Content Strategy), two Anchors, one Reporter, one Assignment Manager, one Executive Producer, three Digital Producers, two Assignment Editors, one Photojournalist, one Digital Editor, one Staff Coordinator, one Broadcast Systems Specialist and two Associate Newscast Directors.

Recruitment outreach for interns is accomplished using a variety of methods with attention to resources that provide a diverse candidate pool. Job fairs and career fairs at colleges with diverse student populations are a major source of candidates. Additionally, we work with local colleges and universities to create awareness of careers in the broadcast industry and often participate in speaker panels regarding such topics. Notices are posted at local colleges, universities and minority organizations. The KTRK-TV internship information is included on the ABC13 website. The Station internship program is part of The Walt Disney Company campus recruitment initiative (Disney Professional Internships), thus increasing the reach and exposure for internship opportunities at KTRK-TV. The Disney Professional Internship Program provides monthly learning and development opportunities for our interns to supplement the KTRK-TV Internship Program. Through our internship program a total of 2 interns during this reporting year were converted to regular part-time positions at KTRK-TV. The two interns that were converted are: Justin Estuart and Amna Rehman.

In person visits were made this reporting year to three local universities to discuss and promote KTRK-TV internships. The three universities visited were Texas Southern University, Prairie View A &M University and University of Houston Main Campus. Disney College Internship Recruiter, Casey Prottas and KTRK-TV HR Manager, Vickie Angenend, participated in meetings with college professors and representatives of the broadcast communications department.

Below is a list of KTRK-TV Interns by session:

Session 1 2023 Interns (January - June)

Kaylee Bailey - Sam Houston State University
Christian Hudspeth - University of Houston
Justin Estuart - University of Houston
Anne Renee' Corpus - University of Houston
Hailey Arispe - University of Houston
Alexis Hood - Texas Southern University

Session 2 2023 Interns (June - December)

Haley Arispe - University of Houston
Ariel Allen - University of Houston
Hannah Sauber - University of Houston

Session 1 2024 Interns (January - June)

Kelbie Lewis - Texas Southern University
Jana Rowe - University of Houston Sugar Land Campus
Amna Rehman - Sam Houston State University
Demetria Towns - Texas Southern University
Abinanda Manoj - University of Houston

C. OTV University

OTV University is a program launched in January 2021 designed to leverage the skills and knowledge of the ABC Owned TV station experts in specific fields to create a transformational experience for all employees in the owned station group. The goal is to train every member of the organization with new skills. Beyond professional development, this program creates lasting personal and organizational change. There are multiple tracks such as multi-skilled journalism, advanced storytelling, producer-editor academy, content creator curator, modern management and collaboration tools and platforms, social newsgathering and writing with impact. Some of the topics include Introduction to Adobe Premiere, Making Sense of Crime Data, Building a Brand Workshop, Daypart Manager Training, Writing with Impact, Social Newsgathering and Personal Productivity Tips.

D. Other Activities

KTRK-TV has a goal of motivating and inspiring the next generation of broadcast professionals. To support that goal, KTRK-TV hosts grade school, high school and college students at the Station to expose them to the variety of career options available in broadcasting.

KTRK-TV employees participate in career days/workshops/panels providing valuable information and career guidance to students. The following is a list of student career outreach:

March 27, 2023 - KIPP Houston Journalism Class Visit - Anchor Erica Simon
March 28, 2023 - Houston Community College Guest Lecture - VP Technology - Tim Hinson
March 28, 2023 - University of Houston Valenti School of Communication Workshop - Digital Producer Justin Estuart
May 17, 2023 - Cy-Fair ISD Video Awards Judging (CFISD) - Reporter Bob Slovak
May 19, 2023 - Harmony School of Advancement Houston Career Day - Dir., Community Engagement Brandon De Hoyos
July 12, 2023 - Center for Climate Journalism and Communication Training Sessions -Meteorologist Travis Herzog
March 1, 2024 - Quail Valley Middle School Career Day (Fort Bend ISD) - Staff Coordinator Nancy Vazquez
February 29, 2024 - HISD College Scholarship and Essay Workshop - Anchor Gina Gaston
February 3, 2024 -Young Women's College Prep (HISD) Class Visit - Meteorologist Elyse Smith
January 30, 2024 - University of Oklahoma Journalism Class Visit - Erica Simon
October 19, 2023 - Rice University Women's Studies Class Visit - Gina Gaston
October 5, 2023 -Sablatural Middle School Class Discussion (Pearland ISD) - Reporter Daniela Hurtado
October 5, 2023 - University of Houston Women's Studies Class Visit - Anchor Gina Gaston
March 26, 2024 - University of Houston Valenti School of Communication Panel - HR Manager Vickie Angenend

Following a hiatus on station tours for COVID, the station resumed tours for middle and high school students as well as college students with an emphasis on students interested in journalism and/or the broadcast industry. The following is a list of station tours during the reporting period.

April 13, 2023 Conroe High School Journalism Class (Conroe ISD)
June 27, 2023 Baylor University Communication Student
July 31, 2023 Harris County Youth Village Media Class
Sept. 13, 2023 Hargrave High School A/V & Communications Class (Huffman ISD)
Sept. 27, 2023 Fort Bend Christian School Journalism Class
Oct. 12, 2023 Meyerland Middle School (HISD) Journalism Class
Nov. 1, 2023 Livingston High School (Livingston ISD) Journalism Class
Nov. 16, 2023 Alvin Community College Journalism Class
Nov. 17, 2023 Heights High School Community-Based Vocational Class
Dec. 6, 2023 Stuart Career Technical High School (Goose Creek ISD) Journalism Class
Dec. 8, 2023 Young Women's College Prep (HISD)
Dec. 11, 2023 Harmony School of Technology Houston Journalism Class
Jan. 22, 2024 Al Hadi School of Accelerated Learning Journalism Class
Jan. 25, 2024 Woodland Park High School Journalism Students (Conroe ISD)
Feb. 29, 2024 Stuart Career Technical High School (Goose Creek ISD)

E. Provision of training to management level personnel as to methods of ensuring equal employment opportunity and preventing discrimination

KTRK-TV management employees are required to complete the Walt Disney Company's "Positive Workplace Fundamentals/Preventing Discrimination and Harassment" and "Standards of Business Conduct" training courses every two years. These courses cover discrimination prevention and the importance of offering equal employment opportunities to all employees. Additionally, The Walt Disney Company provides Town Halls and other offerings specifically related to and stressing the importance of diversity, equity and inclusion and the pillars that guide the company.

F. Training programs designed to enable Station personnel to acquire skills that could qualify them for a higher-level position

KTRK-TV employees have access to a wide range of professional, leadership, and management training through the Walt Disney Company's D-Learn training program, an extensive learning library. Some examples including Harvard ManageMentor for leadership and skill development, Disney Leadership Speaker Series and streaming audio Business Book Summaries.

KTRK-TV also provides continuing educational opportunities through bi-weekly Coffee Talk sessions. These weekly one hour learning opportunities provide information on topics specific to the industry and issues that impact our community, daily operations at KTRK-TV and the ABC Owned TV group. Topics included: Breaking News Levels, Present Like A Pro, Panel Discussion with Murrow Winners, How to Write Effective Job Descriptions, 2023 Hurricane Season - What We Can Expect for the Season, Awards Season 101 and Social Media Trends. These learning sessions are presented by both internal and external community experts. Coffee Talk sessions during the reporting period were available in-person and virtually via Zoom.

Members of the KTRK-TV Broadcast Technology team are required to complete a total of 50 hours of continuing education in subject matters that relate directly to their job responsibilities in areas such as software and new technology utilized in the course of business. The company pays for expenses associated with this training.

Disney provides manager and leadership training for people managers. The People Manager Fundamentals training is for new and established people managers and is a live workshop that provides resources to people managers to ensure they understand the expectations and responsibilities of managing an individual(s). The session includes a Q &A session with HR professionals.

Leadership Essentials (DLE), is a program designed to help mid-level leaders of others build critical leadership skills and cultivate relationships that will accelerate their contribution to the organization's success. This program has live core sessions, on-demand sessions and small group activities to discuss topics, seek advice and build deeper connections with peers from their business and/or region.

EEO - ATTACHMENT A

KTRK-TV JOB POSTINGS

Company Address Mailing List

The organizations noted below have not requested to receive notices of job vacancies.

NAACP 2002 Wheeler Houston, TX 77004

Chinese Community Ctr. 9800 Town Park Houston, TX 77036

Wesley Community Ctr. 2720 Sampson Houston, TX 77004

Houston Asian Junior 4410 April Meadow Way Sugar Land, TX 77479

Houston Hispanic Chamber of Commerce 1801 Main St. # 1075 Houston, TX 77002

UH Mexican American Studies 4800 Calhoun Houston, TX 77004

Houston Urban League Job Bank 1301 Texas Houston, TX 77002

Korean Journal 1241 Blalock Road Houston, TX 77055

Jewish Family Service 4131 South Braeswood Houston, TX 77025

M.L.K. Community Center. 2720 Sampson Houston, TX 77004

LULAC Educational Svc Center 3522 Polk St. # 104 Houston, TX 77003

Asian Chamber of Commerce 6833 Sam Houston Pkwy 206 Houston, TX 77072

Vietnam Post/Vietnam Business 10515 Harwin # 120 Houston, TX 77036

Las Noticias de Fort Bend 924 3rd St. #3 Rosenberg, TX 77471

United States Veterans Initiative 1418 Preston Street Houston, TX 77002

Houston Minority Business Dev Center 2302 Fannin St., Suite 165 Houston, TX 77002

Workforce Solutions 3355 West Alabama # 350 Houston, TX 77098

A.A.M.A. 6001 Gulf Frwy. Bldg. B165 Houston, TX 77023

Houston Assoc. of Hispanic Journalists Attn: Job Posting P. O. Box 273394 Houston, TX 77277

Houston Community College Job Placement 1300 Holman Houston, TX 77004

Company Email Address List

Talent Dynamics - [email protected]

Indo American News - [email protected]

Goodwill Houston - [email protected]

Alliance for Women in Media - [email protected]

SER - Jobs for Progress of the Texas Gulf Coast, Inc. - [email protected]

Voice of Asia - [email protected]

HAHMP - [email protected]

Fort Bend Star - [email protected]

EEO - ATTACHMENT B - See list on following pages

ABC13 Careers

Assignment Planner

Newscast producer, ktrk internships, top stories.

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research paper 12 engineer muhammad ali mirza

Search Question and Answer

Ahl-e-Sunnat-Pak

Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza

Enginner Muhammad Ali Mirza - Official Chanel

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There are few Islamic scholars and researcher in the Muslim world who are really working for the propagation of real Islam and the unity of Muslim Ummah. Among these few and rare names, one is Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza who is spreading the Islam and offerings the solutions of Islamic sects based on his research from Quran and Sunnah. Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza chose to discuss all the controversial issues among the Muslims and with the true references of Quran and Sahih Hadith he concluded the problems which were hidden by the Islamic Scholars.

Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza chose to discuss all the controversial issues among the Muslims and with the true references of Quran and Sahih Hadith he concluded the problems which were hidden by the Islamic Scholars.

hadith Books

Research Papers

Highlighted Videos

Complete PRACTICAL of NAMAZ-e-MUHAMMADI ﷺ (By Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza)

3-TALAQ kay Mas'alah peh Reply to Sheikh Maqsood-ul-Hasan Faizi Sb. aur Ahl-e-Hadith ULMA ! ! !

Kia PM Imran Khan Yahoodi Agent hain ??? JUI & PTI ko Dawat-e-HAQ ! (By Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza)

PM Imran Khan's Youth Loan ??? SOOD, Mortgage & Islamic Banking ??? (By Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza)

Latest from the videos.

Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza advises his listeners not to quarrel with the strict followers of different sects but just to give Dawat of the True Islam (which is in Quran and Sahih Hadith).

Hamza Ali Abbasi حفظہ اللہ ki TAOBAH ??? New Comers kay liay ADVICE ! (Engr. Muhammad Ali Mirza)

DUAA_e_ALI : ALLAH عزوجل say Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza ki MUNAJAT ! (By Shoaib Azam, 29-Dec-2019)

WASEELAH kay zarya Dhooka ??? ALLAH عزوجل ki TAOHEED aur SHIRK ??? (By Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza)

Kia NAMAZI ko SALAM ker saktay hen ??? KHANA Khatay GUFTAGO aur SALAM ??? (Engr. Muhammad Ali Mirza)

AC Attock & QADIYANI ??? Khatm-e-Nubowwat ﷺ & Maulana Khadim Rizwi ??? (Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza)

Kia NABI ﷺ nay JINNAAT ko Letter likha ??? Jado, Taweezat & Wazaif ??? (Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza)

MASJID kay MAHRAB mein NAMAZ ??? MASJID say motaliq Fiqahi Masa'il ??? (Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza)

Meray motalliq NABI ﷺ ko KHAWAB mein daikhna DALEEL na banain ! ! ! (By Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza)

Imran Khan ki GUSTAKHI peh Allama Khadim Rizvi & ULMA ko Dawat-e-FIKER ! (Engr. Muhammad Ali Mirza)

Train mein NAMAZ aur WUZU ka Tareeqah ??? Safer mein NAMAZ kay Masail ??? (Engr. Muhammad Ali Mirza)

NABI ﷺ ko "HUZOOR" ya "HAZRAT" bolna ??? Dr. Israr Ahmad r.a ka DIFA ! (Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza)

Maulana Tariq Jameel حفظہ اللہ & Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza ko " SULAH-e-KULLI " ki GALI kewn ???

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All Download PDF. Downloadable Research papers of Muhammad Ali Mirza written on miscellaneous topics in multiple languages.

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Ensure that you have an assignment and not a mere promise to assign

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Do not count on the hired-to-invent doctrine to result in ownership of employee inventions

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Key Takeaways:

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Founded in 1916.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

Well-connected transportation system.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Boasts a thriving economy.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.