article review on business ethics in ethiopia

A Review of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Ethiopia

• First Online: 02 December 2020

Cite this chapter

• Ahmed Kellow 4 &
• Nebil Kellow 4  

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies of Internationalization in Emerging Markets ((PSIEM))

718 Accesses

1 Citations

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Ethiopia in terms of the legal and policy framework and practices. Corporate social responsibility is well defined and integrated in the mindsets of companies in developed countries. In Africa, there is a growing understanding of the role of CSR and the need to integrate them into national policies. This chapter reviews global and African practices in CSR; in the case of Ethiopia, determinants of CSR practices are identified and discussed. The methodology employed to conduct this brief study is a review of reports and research written on corporate social responsibility. Accordingly, 30 reports were assessed. The findings established that the predominant culture in Ethiopia is one of philanthropy rather than CSR. It is very common for companies to contribute to community development activities, grand projects of the government and relief support in times of natural disasters. Systemic integration of CSR into company strategies and business planning is not visible even in the largest corporations. There is also a policy gap on the government’s part as there are no clearly defined policies and strategies towards encouraging CSR.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

• Available as PDF
• Read on any device
• Instant download
• Own it forever
• Available as EPUB and PDF
• Compact, lightweight edition
• Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
• Free shipping worldwide - see info
• Durable hardcover edition

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Alderin, C. (2014). Made in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities in the Emerging Textile Industry in Ethiopia . Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography

Google Scholar  

Altes, C. (2018). Analysis of Tourism Value Chain in Ethiopia. Center for the Promotion of Imports (CBI Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands).

Amare, A. (2019). Corporate Environmental Responsibility in Ethiopia: A Case Study of the Akaki River Basin. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 5 (1), 57–66.

Article   Google Scholar  

Aras, G., & Crowther, D. (2011). Global Perspectives on Corporate Governance and CSR . Routledge.

Ayalew, B. M. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility Practices, Determinants. Journal of Investment and Management, 7 (6), 157–165.

Bagire, V. A., Tusiime, I., Nalweyiso, G., & Kakooza, J. B. (2010). Contextual Environment and Stakeholder Perception of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Uganda. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 18 , 102–109.

Carroll, A. B. (1979). A Three-Dimensional Model of Corporate Performance. Academy of Management Review, 4 , 497–505.

Cavico, F. J., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2012). National and Global Perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 1 (3), 1–21.

Cheruiyot, T. K., & Onsando, P. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility in Africa Context-Paradoxes-Stakeholder Orientations-Contestations-and Reflections. In: Corporate Social Performance in the Age of Irresponsibility—Cross National Perspective (pp. 89–110). Information Age Publishing Inc.

Dartey-Baah, K., & Amponsah-Tawiah, K. (2011). Exploring the Limits of Western Corporate Social Responsibility Theories in Africa. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (18), 126–137.

DesJardins, J. (1998). Corporate Environmental Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 17 , 825–838.

Deyassa, K. (2016). CSR from Ethiopian Perspective. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 5 (4), 299–320.

Ethiopian Airlines. (n.d.). Press Release . Retrieved from https://corporate.ethiopianairlines.com/media/Press-Release .

Ethiopian Business Review. (2020). We Have Plans to Transform in to Multinational Company . Retrieved from https://ethiopianbusinessreview.net/archives/6873 .

Forbes. (2018). The Ethiopian Multi-millionaire Who Built Africa’s First Mariott Hotel . Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2018/01/01/the-ethiopian-multi-millionaire-who-built-africas-first-marriott-hotel/#6a21b9774666 .

Ghrmay, T. M. (2013). The Nature of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Ethiopian Business Context. International School of Management, Paris.

Honke, J. (2012). Multinationals and Security Governance in the Community: Participation, Discipline and Indirect Rule. Journal of Intervention and State Building, 6 , 57–73.

Idemudia, U. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility and Development in Africa: Issues and Possibilities. Geography Compass, 8 (7), 421–435.

Japan External Trade Organization. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility: An African Case Study .

Kassa, F. (2018). The Status of Corporate Social Responsibility in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Business Management and Economics, 1 (1), 1–14.

Kyritsis, P., & Nova, S. (2019, April 16). Doing Well by Doing Good? Ask Ethiopia’s Garment Workers . Retrieved from https://news.trust.org/item/20190412084358-qsrd3 .

Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2008). ‘Implicit’ and ‘Explicit’ CSR: A Conceptual Framework for a Comparative Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 33 (2), 404–424.

Ministry of Environment and Forestry. (2014). Survey on Factories’ Environmental Pollution . Addis Ababa.

Moon, J. (2002). The Social Responsibility of Business and New Governance. Government and Opposition, 37 (3), 385–408.

Nigatu, T. F. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility for Social Dimension of Human Development in Ethiopia: A Conceptual Paper. Journal of Culture, Society and Development, 42 , 25–36.

Nukpezah, D. (2010). Corporate Environmental Governance in Ghana: Studies on Industrial Level Environmental Performance in Manufacturing and Mining . Accra.

Potluri, R. M., & Temesgen, Z. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility: An Attitude of Ethiopian Corporates. Social Responsibility Journal, 4 (4), 456–463.

PVH. (2018). Corporate Responsibility Report.

Reverte, C. (2009). Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Ratings by Spanish Listed Firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 88 , 351–366.

Robertson, D. C. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility and Different Stages of Economic Development: Singapore, Turkey, and Ethiopia. Journal of Business Ethics, 88 , 617–633.

Smith, C. N. (2003). Corporate Social Responsibility: Whether or How? California Management Review, 45 (4), 52–76.

Steurer, R. (2010). The Role of Governments in Corporate Social Responsibility: Characterizing Public Policies on CSR in Europe. Policy Sciences, 43 (1), 49–72.

Téllez, S. J. (2017). Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Moving between Broadening the Concept of Marketing and Social Factors as a Marketing Strategy. Spanish Journal of Marketing, 21 (1), 4–25.

The Reporter Ethiopia. (2016, February 27). Ethiopian Airlines Establishes Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/content/ethiopian-airlines-establishes-foundation .

Visser, W. (2006). Revisiting Carroll’s CSR Pyramid: An African Perspective. pp. 29–56. Copenhagen Business School Press.

Visser, W., McIntosh, M., & Middleton, C. (2006). Corporate Citizenship in Africa: Lessons from the Past; Paths to the Future . Greenleaf Publishing.

Wiig, A., & Kolstad, I. (2010). Multinational Corporations and Host Country Institutions: A Case Study of CSR Activities in Angola. International Business Review, 19 , 178–190.

World Bank. (2019). Ethiopia . Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia/overview .

World Business Council for Sustainable Development. (1998). Corporate Social Responsibility: Meeting Changing Expectations .

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

First Consult, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Ahmed Kellow & Nebil Kellow

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed Kellow .

Editor information

Editors and affiliations.

University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France

Suzanne M. Apitsa

University of Nantes, Nantes, France

Eric Milliot

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Kellow, A., Kellow, N. (2021). A Review of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Ethiopia. In: Apitsa, S.M., Milliot, E. (eds) Doing Business in Africa. Palgrave Studies of Internationalization in Emerging Markets. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50739-8_9

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50739-8_9

Published : 02 December 2020

Publisher Name : Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-030-50738-1

Online ISBN : 978-3-030-50739-8

eBook Packages : Business and Management Business and Management (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Publish with us

Policies and ethics

• Find a journal
• Track your research

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Legal Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility in Ethiopia: A Sustainable Development Perspective

2022, The Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy

For many years, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been shaping policies and actions on the role of businesses in society. This article explains the legal aspects of CSR from the perspective of sustainable development under Ethiopian law, based on the recognition of the crucial role of businesses in achieving sustainable development in the UN 2030 Agenda. By exploring and examining the major Ethiopian laws that govern businesses, it shows that the laws have incorporated diverse rules on CSR and have sustainable development as their objective. It also expounds how CSR, as incorporated in the laws, can be a key instrument to achieve sustainable development in Ethiopia, including through conducting proper governmental supervision of the conduct of businesses and encouraging the adoption and use of voluntary CSR codes of conduct by businesses to complement the CSR laws.

Related Papers

Mesay Ayele

This article aims to identify the existence of local and international legal and policy frameworks that can be used to commence structured CSR practice and establish comprehensive legal and policy frameworks in Ethiopia and the rest of the developing countries. The penultimate purpose of this study is also to ascribe the legal and policy frameworks that support Internal and/or External CSR. These all are the major foci of the contribution of this research article. Design/methodology/approach: National and international legal and policy documents related to CSR were reviewed. The study adopts a qualitative approach through a systematic review and meta-analysis was used to meet its research objectives. Findings: The findings depict that various legal and policy documents can contribute as a foundation for the laws, policies, and guidelines of CSR that will be established in Ethiopia, thus it helps to ensure the effective implementation of CSR. However, most of the legal and policy resources are emphasised on ICSR than ECSR. Moreover, the finding supports the existence of a significant gap in CSR orientations between developed and developing nations. Practical Implications: This study provides insight into the legal and policymakers that endeavor to bridge the gaps through establishing comprehensive law and policy frameworks. This wills results in corporate businesses to consider CSR compulsory and that promotes societal well-being.

International Journal of Social Work

sintayehu tilaye

The responsibility of the organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on the society and the environment, called Corporate Social Responsibility is evolving investment approach aimed mainly to contribute for sustainable development and welfare of the society. CSR is being integrated with economic and investment policy of different countries and practiced in different modalities. In Ethiopia, literatures indicates that only limited local as well as international or multinational organizations have been practicing CSR in a fragmented ways. Accordingly, this research was aimed to examine the practice of corporate social responsibility in Ethiopia, specifically in Hilton Hotel located at Addis Ababa. Up on the nature and purpose, the research is led by qualitative approach. Key informant and in-depth interviews were used as main data collection techniques. In addition, document review and systematic observation were also used to get supportive data. In-depth interviews ...

Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences

Abdurahman Aliye

Purpose: study aimed to assess the Corporate Social Responsibility practices, business-community relations, and the missing links in Corporate Social Responsibility-community development in Ethiopia. Approach/Methodology/Design: Case study and thematic analysis of data on 45 structured interviews of key informants from federal and regional government, companies, and local community was collected, transcribed, and analyzed to identify the current CSR practices and consequences, and the missing links in CSR-community development interface. Findings: The CSR is ad-hoc philanthropy activity based on neo-liberal and voluntary approach motivated by market performance, reputation and image building objectives. There is no community development orientation, no social and environmental impacts. There are tax dodging, deforestation, water and chemical pollutions, britches of labor and community rights, CSiRs; National indigenous culture based community development oriented mandatory CSR policy, coordinating agency, engaging community, measuring the implementation, rewarding good CSR performance and punishing CSiRs. Practical Implications: The study has implications for academics, managers, policy makers, public administrators, community activists and leaders. It contributes to CSR approach in developing countries, CSR theories, thinking, and practice in African context, the business community relations, the business management approaches, scope of stakeholders, in improving CSR to contribute to community development. Originality/value: This study's originality lies in bringing Ethnic diversity, federal-regional government, political history, collective rights, power of community and nationalism in CSR to the front.

Tesfaye Fentaw

CSR is an important agent of change to address the challenges of social dimension of human development However, Ethiopia lagged behind the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) guideline and framework. The central theme of this paper is to analyze how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is important for human development. Based on analysis of 50 scholarly papers and research journals, books and organizational website products/ leaflets, the importance of CSR for human development is discussed in relation to the experiences of Japan and South Africa and their relevance to Ethiopia. CSR is an essential concept for the accumulation of social capital (in the form of social networks development and activities of voluntary associations) thereby facilitating greater participation in civic and political associations, trust, honesty, reliability, and developing collaboration in the society. Ethiopians and CSR are compatible because Ethiopians are “open minded” and receptive towa...

Getinet Fentahun

Corporate social responsibility is the new of the business that contains the instructions a business needs to develop, sustain and restructure. Corporate social responsibility issues in developing countries present themselves as dilemmas or trade-offs. The study has been designed with an objective of assessing manufactur- ing firm corporate social responsibility practice in East Gojjam Zone. The study has realized in 13 higher manufacturing firms and 253 respondent stakeholders from the surrounding have been taken. Primarily Questionnaire, interview, observation have used. The results had shown that external environment, Social and economy /context exert huge influence on and influenced by the way organizations corporate social responsibility. The sympathy to the concept and practices of social responsibility in our case is still in its enfant stage. The dilemma between the global standards and the local practices towards implementing corporate social responsibility couldn’t be balanced.

International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293)

Sumeyye Kusakci

This paper examines CSR approaches and practices of local firms in Ethiopia, where the state is still a key player in business life. Moreover, it assesses at which stage Ethiopian CSR is. This mixed-method study includes quantitative analysis through SPSS and qualitative content analysis. A revised CSR practices scale has been conducted on owners/managers and employees of 100 local companies in Ethiopia. Besides, the companies' official websites have been thoroughly reviewed using five variables to understand their CSR approaches and practices better. The findings reveal that Ethiopian companies practice CSR though it is at the stage of fragmented CSR and the priorities differ from the global trend. Most respondent companies generally have excellent legal practices and CSR practices toward employees and customers. However, philanthropy, social sustainability, and management of CSR are remarkably at a mediocre level. Content analysis shows similarity with the results of quantitat...

Gemechu Shale Ogato

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the way organizations integrate social, environmental and economic concerns in a transparent and accountable manner. Studies done in the past overstressed the financial aspect of CSR and provided less attention to the environmental and social perspectives. The study was aimed at assessing practices and challenges of CSR in Dangote cement factory of Ethiopia. Specifically, the study addressed issues pertaining to environmental protection, employment creation and challenges of its implementation. Survey respondents, FGD discussants and key informants were selected using simple random, convenience and purposive sampling techniques respectively. Questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussion checklists were used to collect primary data. While the quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and presented using tables, qualitative data were analyzed through narrative and thematic analysis. With regard to environmental protection, the findings of the study revealed that 'fog of dust which emitted during transportation covered all over the area. Large number of vehicles and workers continuously flocking in the vicinity of the cement factory also overcrowded the local environment and this in turn increased the volume of wastes. Though the company created employment opportunities for the local communities, most of the employment opportunities were found to be below-profile and less attractive. Furthermore, the findings indicated that lack of commitment on the part of the factory's top management and over-ambitious expectations on the side of the local community were the major challenges to implement corporate social responsibility. These challenges call for collaboration of the company owners, management bodies, the government, and the local communities to properly implement corporate social responsibility.

International Social Work

Wassie Kebede

This study uncovers the experiences of LG’s community development project in Ethiopia. A total of 24 community members participated in the study. Qualitative interviews were conducted to collect data on the experiences, satisfaction and complaints of community members on the community development project of LG. Findings indicate LG’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) project is tuned to the needs of the communities, reflecting a deviation from the mainstream CSR agenda. The study shows CSR becomes an important interface between government and local communities. The study concludes that the project can be exemplary in that it demonstrates business corporations have the capacity to address the pressing needs of communities.

Getinet Fentahun , yohannis G

Ethiopia is one of the developing countries where the philosophy of corporate social responsibility is not well developed and also the governance system takes the form of mere control and decision making rather than encouraging development and implementation of a well-developed ethical code of conduct in the four spectrums. The main purpose of the study is focuses on to assessing forms and norms of manufacturing firm CSR practice in East Gojjam Zone. The study has realized in 13 higher manufacturing firms and 253 respondent stakeholders from the surrounding have been taken through descriptive study design. Primarily Questionnaire, interview, observation have used. Data have been analyzed by descriptive statistical tools by apply SPSS package. The results had shown us that there are no accepted forms and norms in external environment, Social and economy /context on the way organizations CSR operations in east Gojjam zone. Hence, the sympathy to the forms and norms of social responsibility in our case is still in its infant stage. The dilemma between the global standards and the local practices towards implementing CSR haven't been balanced. Generally, the study recommends that Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (2009) management system structure and requirements e-toolkit must be applied.

IJLHSS Journal

Corporate Social Responsibility has gone through many changes structurally and context wise. The essence of this concept, which is more often than not philanthropically motivated, has however not seen much change as modern companies due to benevolence and obligation under the law have been faithful to the cause of supporting development in their localities and countries. The influence of time and globalization on concepts and theories of humanity has been no different from corporate social responsibility. Over the years we have witnessed how this concept has metamorphosed to suit the changing demands of states especially those categorised as developing countries. This academic piece highlights the developments of corporate social responsibility within legal statutes and also takes a look at current practices of the concept in developing countries within the main regions of Latin America, Asia and Africa. This legal perspective presents a whole new front to enable efficient championing of the corporate social responsibility course.

RELATED PAPERS

Physical Review Letters

Shoaib Mohammed

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition

Laurie Feldman

Glenn Woroch

Solid State Communications

Yutaka Moritomo

Jorel Ngounou

Saul Tibaldi

PEDRO JOSÉ GARCÍA MENDOZA

Arxiv preprint arXiv:1010.1920

Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)

Nina Boulus-Rødje

American Journal of Gastroenterology

Carol Murakami

Carlos San Juan

Sigrid Hemels

Biomolecular Detection and Quantification

K. Khazanehdari

Sedimentary Geology

John Youngson

Inorganic Chemistry

Andrew Jackson

Devenir - Revista de estudios sobre patrimonio edificado

Juan Carlos Velásquez

Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen

Dwi Rorin Mauludin Insana

arXiv (Cornell University)

JOSE ANDRES MORENO PEREZ

Pharmacognosy Journal

ZULFIAYU SAPIUN

International Immunology

Rone Cardoso

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Paula Lopes , José Ramiro Afonso Fernandes

National Bureau of Economic Research

Willem H Buiter

The journal of academic social science studies

Ozlem Atalan

The American journal of gastroenterology

Khurram Khan

Robert Risebrough

RELATED TOPICS

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

To read this content please select one of the options below:

Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, corporate social responsibility: an attitude of ethiopian corporates.

Social Responsibility Journal

ISSN : 1747-1117

Article publication date: 3 October 2008

The purpose of this research is to find an attitude of Ethiopian corporate sector towards corporate social responsibility (CSR). In addition this research analyzed the opinion of employees, customers' as well the general public about the Ethiopian corporate sector's socially responsible actions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviewed the relevant literature of CSR. Through structured questionnaires and in‐depth interviews with 50 Ethiopian companies, this study analyzed CSR towards different interest groups, e.g. owners or shareholders, employees, customers, creditors and suppliers, general public or community at large and government. To cross validate, the researcher also conducted a survey with another three questionnaires to obtain the views of 100 employees, 200 customers and another 200 general public. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel software packages.

Ethiopian companies expressed 100 percent positive attitude in implementing CSR towards customers, creditors and suppliers, general public and government. However, only 40 percent of companies' were positive on periodical disclosure of information to its shareholders, 80 percent believed in fair wages and security of employment, and 10 percent of companies were negative on meaningful freedom, job satisfaction and humane treatment. Related to the cross validate section, overall 69 percent employees were not happy with companies' policies, 71 percent customers thought they were manipulated and another 75 percent general public were not pleased with CSR from the Ethiopian corporate sector.

Originality/value

This research paper serves as a basis for Ethiopian managers to understand the key interest groups and their expectations from the corporate sector and also to be acquainted with the opinions of employees, customers, and general public to assess the social performance of their organizations.

• Corporate social responsibility

Mouly Potluri, R. and Temesgen, Z. (2008), "Corporate social responsibility: an attitude of Ethiopian corporates", Social Responsibility Journal , Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 456-463. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471110810909867

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2008, Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Related articles

We’re listening — tell us what you think, something didn’t work….

Report bugs here

All feedback is valuable

Please share your general feedback

Join us on our journey

Platform update page.

Visit emeraldpublishing.com/platformupdate to discover the latest news and updates

Questions & More Information

Answers to the most commonly asked questions here

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2019): Ethiopian Journal of Business Management and Economics/EJBME/

SEVERITY OF THE FACTORS IMBEDING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF MFIs IN ETHIOPIA

The effect of logistics management practice on organizational competitiveness: a case study of dashen brewery share company gondar, ethiopia, women in the informal business sectors: the role of street vending business for women’s livelihoods on azezo sub city, gondar, ethiopia, review of ethiopia’s growth and transformation plan (2010/11-2014/15) development theories origin and its strength and limitations: volume i, make a submission, information.

• For Readers
• For Authors
• For Librarians

Ethiopian Journal of Business Management and Economics@2020

Paper Information

• Paper Submission

Journal Information

• About This Journal
• Editorial Board
• Current Issue
• Author Guidelines

American Journal of Economics

p-ISSN: 2166-4951    e-ISSN: 2166-496X

2020;  10(6): 441-448

doi:10.5923/j.economics.20201006.14

Received: Sep. 30, 2020; Accepted: Nov. 9, 2020; Published: Nov. 28, 2020

Business Challenges and Opportunities for Youth, Micro, Small and Medium Scale Entrepreneurs in Ethiopia: An Article Review

Habtamu Alamineh

Department of Management, College of Business and Economics, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia

Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Scientific & Academic Publishing.

These days, academic institutions, students and the whole population outnumbered compared with the last 30 years in Ethiopia. As a result, the probability of getting jobs in the government organisation has been cumbersome. Due to these reasons, youths and students are forced to start businesses in the form of unions and small enterprises. There are two bog standard factors that can challenge entrepreneurs’ in Ethiopia. These are, factors related to the entrepreneurs' personal qualities and external factors. To overcome those entrepreneurial challenges, the government should design entrepreneurship education and behavioral sciences as a compulsory subject for all students at all levels in addition to balancing the political, economical, social, and cultural factors. Also, it is expected from private and governmental organizations to attract business incubators, social entrepreneurs, and foreign investors’ to promote entrepreneurship in the nation. Moreover, designing free interest loans and tax system for young entrepreneurs until they will be strong and competent in the market may help them to sustain in the competition.

Keywords: Youth, Micro, and Small business, Unemployment, Ethiopia

Cite this paper: Habtamu Alamineh, Business Challenges and Opportunities for Youth, Micro, Small and Medium Scale Entrepreneurs in Ethiopia: An Article Review, American Journal of Economics , Vol. 10 No. 6, 2020, pp. 441-448. doi: 10.5923/j.economics.20201006.14.

Article Outline

1. introduction, 2. literature review, 2.1. the roles of msmes in ethiopia, 2.2. opportunities for entrepreneurship development in ethiopia, 3. methodology, 4. analysis and results, 5. conclusions and recommendations.

Review paper on research ethics in Ethiopia: experiences and lessons learnt from Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences 2007-2012

• PMID: 25816496

Health research in Ethiopia is increasing both in volume and type, accompanied with expansion of higher education and research since the past few years. This calls for a proportional competence in the governance of medical research ethics in Ethiopia in the respective research and higher learning institutes. The paper highlights the evolution and progress ofthe ethics review at Addis Ababa University - College of Health Sciences (AAU-CHS) in the given context of health research review system in Ethiopia. Reflections are made on the key lessons to be drawnfrom the formative experiences of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and their implications to the Ethiopian health research review system. This article is a review paper based on review of published and un published documents on research ethics in Ethiopia and the AAU-CHS (2007-2012). Thematic summaries of review findings are presented in thematic areas - formation of ethics review and key factors in the evolution of ethics review and implications. The IRB at AAU-CHS has been pivotal in providing review and follow-up for important clinical studies in Ethiopia. It has been one of the first IRBs to get WHO/SIDCER recognition from Africa and Ethiopia. Important factors in the successes of the IRB among others included leadership commitment, its placement in institutional structure, and continued capacity building. Financial challenges and sustainability issues need to be addressed for the sustained gains registered so far. Similar factors are considered important for the new and younger IRBs within the emergent Universities and research centers in the country.

Publication types

• Academic Medical Centers*
• Biomedical Research / ethics*
• Ethics, Research*
• Universities

Grants and funding

• 100715/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom

Beijing half-marathon winner stripped of medal after 3 African runners let the Chinese athlete overtake, video appears to show

• Organizers of Beijing's half-marathon stripped the winner of his gold medal, say reports.
• Video evidence appeared to show African runners slow to allow China's He Jie to overtake and win.
• Kenya'sWilly Mnangat said they had been hired to serve as pacemakers for He.

Organizers of Beijing's half-marathon last weekend have stripped He Jie, China's top long-distance runner, of his gold medal after an investigation concluded that three other runners had purposely slowed down to let him win the race, say reports.

Video footage from the final moments of the 13-mile race shows Kenya's Robert Keter and Willy Mnangat and Ethiopia's Dejene Hailu in front of He. Mnangat appears to gesturing to the Chinese runner for him to pass ahead. Robert Keter then waves at He to overtake and signals to the other two African runners to pull back.

4月14日，北京半程马拉松比赛现场疑似出现假赛，引发大众质疑。视频中，比赛最后几百米，中国选手何杰原本落后，但3位外籍运动员中有人回头摆手疑似示意何杰反超，又示意队友减速。最终，何杰在默契中完成反超，以一秒优势夺冠。 这一戏剧性画面引发大众质疑。… pic.twitter.com/dRWxbBcIhB — 李老师不是你老师 (@whyyoutouzhele) April 14, 2024

He crossed the line in a time of 1:03:44 to take the gold medal and the $5,500 prize money. The African trio were just one second behind in joint-second place.

In a statement seen by the Guardian , the organizing committee said: "We deeply and sincerely apologize to the world and to every part of society that we did not discover and correct the mistakes in time at this race."

The investigation revealed the three African runners to be pacemakers, hired by Chinese sports company Xtep, which sponsored both He and the Beijing Half Marathon, but it did not inform the organizers.

Related stories

In a statement Friday, Xtep "sincerely apologized" to all the runners and its customers.

"We bear a great responsibility for this, fully accept the punishment decision made by the organizing committee," it said, vowing to "reflect seriously and conduct a deep review" to "ensure such incidents do not happen again in the future."

Runner Mnangat confirmed to BBC Sport Africa that the group had not been running competitively but rather had been hired as pacemakers for He.

"I don't know why they put my name on my bib/chest number instead of labeling it as a pacemaker," he said, per the BBC.

"My job was to set the pace and help the guy win but unfortunately, he did not achieve the target, which was to break the national record."

Mnangat told the South China Morning Post he let He win "because he is my friend."

He, 25, has broken China's national marathon record twice in the past two years. He is ranked 74th in the world by men's marathon by World Athletics.

All four runners' results have been revoked, and they will be stripped of their trophies, medals, and bonuses.

Zhong'ao Lupao Sports Management Co, the marathon's main organizer, also lost its right to host the event as a result.

Watch: What it takes to survive the Army's 60-hour Best Ranger Competition

• Main content