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Back propagation neural network based power estimation method for CMOS VLSI circuits

Low power vlsi design techniques: a review.

Since CMOS technology consumes less power it is a key technology for VLSI circuit design. With technologies reaching the scale of 10 nm, static and dynamic power dissipation in CMOS VLSI circuits are major issues. Dynamic power dissipation is increased due to requirement of high speed and static power dissipation is at much higher side now a days even compared to dynamic power dissipation due to very high gate leakage current and subthreshold leakage. Low power consumption is equally important as speed in many applications since it leads to a reduction in the package cost and extended battery life. This paper surveys contemporary optimization techniques that aims low power dissipation in VLSI circuits.

Design of low-power CMOS VLSI circuits using multi-objective optimization in genetic algorithms

This paper presents a design CAD tool for automated design of digital CMOS VLSI circuits. In order to fit the circuit performance into desired specifications, a multi-objective optimization approach based on genetic algorithms (GA) is proposed and the transistor sizes are calculated based on the analytical equations describing the behavior of the circuit. The optimization algorithm is developed in MATLAB and the performance of the designed circuit is verified using HSPICE simulations based on 0.18µm CMOS technology parameters. Different digital integrated circuits were successfully designed and verified using the proposed design tool. It is also shown in this paper that, the design results obtained from the proposed algorithm in MATLAB, have a very good agreement with the obtained circuit simulation results in HSPICE.

Technologies for creating radiation-resistant VLSI

The technology of radiation-resistant CMOS VLSI is based on industrial IC technology. The design uses feedback circuits and guard rings to compensate for single effects of cosmic particles (SEE). In most critical cases, these influences in digital circuits lead to single faults (SEU), which temporarily disrupt the state of memory cells, to latching (SEL), and in the long term to a catastrophic change of state. Various space programs confirm great prospects for their use in future space structures. The article discusses the effects of using radiation-resistant CMOS technology, technology based on a silicon-on-sapphire structure, CMOS technology on an insulating substrate taking into account typical characteristics, SIMOX-SOI technology, which consists in separation by implantation of oxygen ions. In new designs of circuits, more advanced algorithms should be implemented for the future.

Machine Learning Based Power Estimation for CMOS VLSI Circuits

Abstract The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to a need to make corrections.

Abstract Nowdays, machine learning (ML) algorithms are receiving massive attention in most of the engineering application since it has capability in complex systems modelling using historical data. Estimation of power for CMOS VLSI circuit using various circuit attributes is proposed using passive machine learning based technique. The proposed method uses supervised learning method which provides a fast and accurate estimation of power without affecting the accuracy of the system. Power estimation using random forest algorithm is relatively new. Accurate estimation of power of CMOS VLSI circuits is estimated by using random forest model which is optimized and tuned by using multi-objective NSGA-II algorithm. It is inferred from the experimental results testing error varies from 1.4 percent to 6.8 percent and in terms of and Mean Square Error is 1.46e-06 in random forest method when compared to BPNN. Statistical estimation like coefficient of determination (𝑅) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are done and it is proven that random Forest is best choice for power estimation of CMOS VLSI circuits with high coefficient of determination of 0.99938. and low RMSE of 0.000116.

Leakage Power Reduction in CMOS VLSI Circuits using Advance Leakage Reduction Method

Recently, consumption of power is key problem of logic circuits based on Very Large Scale Integration. More potentiality consumption isn’t considered an appropriate for storage cell life for the use in cell operations and changes parameters such as optimality, efficiency etc, more consumption of power also provides for minimization of cell storage cycle. In present scenario static consumption of power is major troubles in logic circuits based on CMOS. Layout of drainage less circuit is typically complex. Several derived methods for minimization of consumption of potentiality for logic circuits based on CMOS. For this research paper, a technique called Advance Leakage reduction (AL reduction) is proposed to reduce the leakage power in CMOS logic circuits. To draw our structure circuit related to CMOS like Inverter, inverted AND, and NOR etc. we have seen the power and delay for circuits. This paper incorporates, analyzing of several minimization techniques as compared with proposed work to illustrate minimization in ratio of energy and time usage and time duration for propagation. LECTOR, Source biasing, Stack ONOFIC method is observed and analyzed with the proposed method to evaluate the leakage power consumption and propagation delay for logic circuits based on CMOS. Entire work has done in LT Spice Software with 180nm library of CMOS.

Revisiting the Utility of Transmission Gate and Passtransistor Logic Styles in CMOS VLSI Design

Peculiarities of appearance and registration of the latchup in cmos vlsi under uniform pulsed laser irradiation, export citation format, share document.

Introduction to Design of System on Chips and Future Trends in VLSI

• First Online: 07 June 2022

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• Veena S. Chakravarthi   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-2376 3 &
• Shivananda R. Koteshwar   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4299-4069 4  

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This chapter introduces system on chip (SoC)s and its design trends. Additionally, it discusses different VLSI SoC design styles and the selection criteria depending on the system requirements. The importance of physical design is explained in the overall SoC design context. It also describes various challenges of physical design, Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Tool flow for Physical design. This chapter deals with an impact of Artificial intelligence and machine learning on the SoC designs and in EDA tools in brief.

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Chakravarthi, V.S., Koteshwar, S.R. (2022). Introduction to Design of System on Chips and Future Trends in VLSI. In: SoC Physical Design . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98112-9_1

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CSE 691  Advanced VLSI Design  Spring 2015

Instructor:  Professor R. Sridhar, 338K Davis Hall , E-mail: [email protected]   Office Hours: Wednesday 1pm-2:30pm

Lecture: Wednesday 6:30 PM – 9:00 PM, Davis 338A

A dvanced VLSI Design is a course that focuses on high performance, low power reliable VLSI Systems Design.  We present advanced topics in the design of VLSI Systems.   Topics covered include VLSI Circuit techniques and design methodologies for low power applications, process variation and its impact on very deep submicron designs, interconnects, clocking and synchronization, timing issues in digital circuits, and memory & array structures.  Emphasis will be on very deep submicron CMOS designs, high speed design styles, timing, arithmetic building blocks, impact of interconnects, signal integrity and power consumption, with added focus on SoC (System on Chip) designs.   Prerequisites:  Introductory VLSI (CSE493/CSE593) Reference Books:  

• Digital Integrated Circuits, Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Borivoje Nikolic´. Second Edition, A Prentice-Hall, 2003
• Additional References:  Research papers from leading Conferences and journals .

Grading: Letter grades carry the normal numerical values (90+ = A,  80+ = B,  70+ = C, 60+ = D).  Curving may be applied if deemed appropriate by the instructor. Plus/Minus grades will be given.   30% Exam;    15% Homework ;   55% Project; Term paper and presentation.   Miscellaneous:   A project will be assigned and is due at the end of the semester.  The project will incorporate high performance VLSI principles.  A term paper and a detailed presentation are due towards the later part of the semester. The topic for the project and the term paper will be selected in consultation with the Professor.  

All academic work must be your own. Collaboration, usually evidenced by unjustifiable similarity in any graded work, is never allowed. After an appropriate informal review, if any students are found in violation of maintaining academic integrity, sanctions will be imposed, which can be as severe as receiving an F in the course. Especially flagrant violations will be considered under formal review proceedings, which can call for harsher sanctions including expulsion from the University. If you ever have any questions or concerns regarding the policy, particularly as it relates to this course, see your instructor.   The departmental statement on academic integrity is posted at http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/graduate/policy_academic.php

It is your responsibility to maintain the security of your computer accounts and your written work. Do not share passwords with anyone, nor write your password down where it may be seen by others. Do not change permissions to allow others to read your course directories and files. Do not walk away from a workstation without logging out. These are your responsibilities. In groups that collaborate inappropriately, it may be impossible to determine who has offered work to others in the group, who has received work, and who may have inadvertently made their work available to the others by failure to maintain adequate personal security; in such cases, all will be held equally liable.    

VLSI Technology: Its History and Uses in Modern Technology

Key takeaways.

●     Learn about VLSI technology.

●     Gain a greater understanding of the advantages of VLSI technology.

●     Learn how VLSI technology is used in today’s devices and systems.

VLSI affords IC designers the ability to design utilizing less space. 

Typically, electronic circuits incorporate a CPU, RAM, ROM, and other peripherals on a single PCBA. However, very large-scale integration (VLSI) technology affords an IC designer the ability to add all of these into one chip. If we examine the electronics landscape over the last few decades, we will see evidence of its rapid growth. The benefits include increased functionality, improved miniaturization, and increased overall performance. However, this demand to place more components while increasingly utilizing less space translates into a lower margin for error .

Keeping that in mind, it is understandable why, over the last few years, Silicon (CMOS) technology is now the leading fabrication process for cost-effective and relatively high-performance VLSI circuits.  

VLSI Technology

Very large-scale integration is a process of embedding or integrating hundreds of thousands of transistors onto a singular silicon semiconductor microchip. VLSI technology's conception dates back to the late 1970s when advanced level processor (computer) microchips were also in their development stages. Two of the most common VLSI devices are the microprocessor and the microcontroller .

VLSI refers to an integrated circuit technology with numerous devices on a single chip. The term originates, of course, in the 1970s, along with various other scale integration classifications based on the number of gates or transistors per IC.

The remarkable growth of the electronics industry is primarily due to the advances in large-scale integration technologies. With the arrival of VLSI designs , the number of possibilities for ICs in control applications, telecommunications, high-performance computing, and consumer electronics as a whole continues to rise.

Presently, technologies like smartphones and cellular communications afford unprecedented portability, processing capabilities, and application access due to VLSI technology. The forecast for this trend indicates a rapid increase as demands continue to increase.

The Advantages of VLSI Technology

The following are the primary advantages of VLSI technology:

Reduced size for circuits

Increased cost-effectiveness for devices

Improved performance in terms of the operating speed of circuits

Requires less power than discrete components

Higher device reliability

Requires less space and promotes miniaturization

The Design Process of a VLSI IC

Overall, VLSI IC design incorporates two primary stages or parts:

1.   Front-End Design : This includes digital design using a hardware description language, for example, Verilog, System Verilog, and VHDL. Furthermore, this stage encompasses design verification via simulation and other verification techniques. The entire process also incorporates designing, which starts with the gates and continues through to design for testability .

2.   Back-End Design : This consists of characterization and CMOS library design. Additionally, it involves fault simulation and physical design.

The entire design process follows a step-by-step approach, and the following are the front-end design steps:

Problem Specification : This is a high-level interpretation of a system. We address the key parameters, such as design techniques, functionality, performance, fabrication technology, and physical dimensions. The final specifications include the power, functionality, speed, and size of the VLSI system .

Architecture Definition : This includes fundamental specifications such as floating-point units and which system to use, such as RISC or CISC and ALU's cache size.

Functional Design : This recognizes the vital functional units of a system and, thus, enables identification of each unit's physical and electrical specifications and interconnect requirements.

Logic Design : This step involves control flow, Boolean expressions, word width, and register allocation.

Circuit Design : This step performs the realization of the circuit in the form of a netlist . Since this is a software step, it utilizes simulation to check the outcome.

Physical Design : In this step, we create the layout by converting the netlist into a geometrical depiction. This step also follows some preconceived static rules, such as the lambda rules, which afford precise details of the ratio, spacing between components, and size.

The following are the back-end design steps for hardware development:

Wafer Processing : This step utilizes pure silicon melted in a pot at 1400º C. Then, a small seed comprising the required crystal orientation is injected into liquefied silicon and gradually pulled out, 1mm per minute. We manufacture the silicon crystal as a cylindrical ingot and cut it into discs or wafers before polishing and crystal orientation.

Lithography : This process (photolithography) includes masking with photo etching and a photographic mask. Next, we apply a photoresist film on the wafer. A photo aligner then aligns the wafer to a mask. Finally, we expose the wafer to ultraviolet light, thus highlighting the tracks through the mask.

Etching : Here, we selectively remove material from the surface of the wafer to produce patterns. With an etching mask to protect the essential parts of the material, we use additional plasma or chemicals to remove the remaining photoresist.

Ion Implantation : Here, we utilize a method to achieve a desired electrical characteristic in the semiconductor, i.e., a process of adding dopants. The process uses a beam of high-energy dopant ions to target precise areas of the wafer. The beam's energy level determines the depth of wafer penetration.

Metallization : In this step, we apply a thin layer of aluminum over the entire wafer.

Assembly and Packaging : Every one of the wafers contains hundreds of chips. Therefore, we use a diamond saw to cut the wafers into single chips. Afterward, they receive electrical testing, and we discard the failures. In contrast, those that pass receive a thorough visual inspection utilizing a microscope. Finally, we package the chips that pass the visual inspection as well as recheck them.

VLSI technology is ideally suited to the demands of today's electronic devices and systems. With the ever-increasing demand for miniaturization, portability, performance, reliability, and functionality, VLSI technology will continue to drive electronics advancement.

This PCB with semiconductors would not be possible without VLSI technology.

Designing for the low margin of error that exists in VLSI technology requires using a state-of-the-art PCB Design and Analysis software to help you get the job done right. Allegro , by Cadence , is one such software that has all the features and analysis tools you need for everything from basic to elaborate circuit designs. 

If you're looking to learn more about how Cadence has the solution for you, talk to us and our team of experts . To watch videos about related topics or see what's new with our suite of design and analysis tools, subscribe to our  YouTube channel .

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Latest Research topics in vlsi design

Latest research topics in vlsi design.

If we narrow down our discussion to research in areas like electronics, electrical, computer science, artificial intelligence , wireless communication and related fields, which are the base of everything in this high-tech world. In these fields researchers have developed applications (aided with technology) for every field ranging from biomedical to aerospace and construction, which were nowhere related to electronics or even current.

As the research fields we are talking about are providing base to the developing world and providing it with reliable technologies which are being used in real time, the work of researcher becomes more wide starting with an idea to the realization of the idea in the real world in form of application or product.

To make a reliable and working model the idea of the VLSI design project ( i.e speech processing application, biomedical monitoring system etc) needs to be implemented and re-implemented, re-tested and improvised. The there are many development cycles and techniques available which eases up the implementation like:

• Behavioral simulation
• Software based model
• Hardware Implementation (ASIC)
• Programmable hardware (FPGA)
• Co-simulation

Behavioral simulation is used at initial phase and it is not appropriate for testing the real time behavior of the system in actual environment as it is more close to systems behavior in ideal environment.

We can simulate the actual environment by using different software models (more like software models of channels used to test communication systems) but its capabilities are also limited to human capability to model the environmental conditions in mathematical equations and models.

All of us are familiar with ASIC, their high performance and hardwired implementation. These are good for final implementation but not for intermediate stages of implementation and testing. Nothing is better than ASIC for real time testing of analog  VLSI  circuits. But for digital circuits and DSP applications we have a better option of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).

The hardware co-simulation is a good idea to test and monitor systems in real time. To get more details about  PhD thesis  in VLSI you can do online research or contact us.

latest Low power research topics in vlsi design

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• i) to facilitate the delivery of the Engineering Sciences research strategy and to build partnerships andii) to bring together all the technical research management and support services for Students.

To achieve these goals the centre is made up of two inter-relating components. The Academic Research Support Centre consists of the Research Coordination Office, Platform Technologies team and a Translational Research Office. The Technical Research Support Centre is made up of the Joint Research Office.

The Research Support Centre encompasses a wide range of expertise and facilities. By coordinating these resources, we can provide researchers with a package of support that is integrated, high quality and streamlined – and clearly accountable.

Once a researcher has a proposal for high quality research that will benefit, they can access all the help and resources they need through one gateway. This includes support with the approval process and funding applications and help setting up technical trials.

VLSI PHD Projects

Our research interests cover low power processor architectures, low power circuit design techniques, analog and mixed signal circuit design, rapid prototyping of digital systems, reconfigurable processors, Digital arithmetic, advanced processor architectures, vlsi implementation of signal and image processing algorithms, testing verification, memory design, Embedded vlsi and asynchronous circuits.

Organization engaged with embedded commodity development and serving various business solutions such as

• Embedded System Product Development,
• Software services,
• Android development,
• Web development.

Description for “Ph.d guidance with project assitance” Ph.d/ M.Phil PROJECT ASSISTANCE We look forward to welcoming you to one of our “Research and Development Division” for all Ph.D., Research scholars. We will arrange you the following details for completing your Ph.d Degree

• Any University Admission- We provides a step-to-step guide to completing the application form, and will help make the process as straight forward as possible.
• Guide Arrangement
• Survey Paper Preparation
• Problem Identification –Problem Identification of Existing System.
• Implementation in all domains
• Mobile Ad hoc Networks
• Wireless Networks
• Image Processing
• Grid Computing
• Distributed Computing
• Natural Language Processing
• Cloud Computing
• Soft Computing
• Data Mining
• Wireless Senor Networks

Delivering effective support on your Ph. D work:

Companies represents a simple and practical advice on the problems of getting started, getting organized with the working on Ph.D projects.

We make you understand the practicalities of surviving the ordeal. We just make you divide the huge task into less challenging pieces. The training includes a suggested structure and a guide to what should go in each section.

We afford complete support with real-time exposure in your Ph.D works in the field of VLSI. Our Mission drives us in the way of delivering applications as well as products with complete integrity, innovative & interesting ideas with 100% accuracy.

• Assistance in ALL Stages of your PhD Research in VLSI from Topic Selection to Thesis Submission.
• Creating 100% confident in submitting your thesis work.
• Our experienced professionals support you in your research works.
• Providing complete solutions for the Research Scholars in many advanced domains.

Technologies used in VLSI:

• Modelsim 6.5b Simulator
• Xilinx ISE 10.1 System generator

III. Quartus 11.1

• Tanner v7 EDA tool

iii.        W-Edit

• Microwind & DSCH v2

VII. P-spice

VIII. LT-spice

.        Spartan IIIe

• Hardware Description Language

.         Verilog HDL

CORE AREA OF GUIDANCE:

• Digital signal processing Vlsi
• Image processing Vlsi

III.        Wireless Vlsi

• Communication Vlsi
• Testing Vlsi
• Digital cmos Vlsi

VII.        low power Vlsi

VIII.        Core Vlsi

• Memory Designs

PROJECT SUPPORT:

• Confirmation Letter
• Attendance Certificate

III. Completion Certificate

Preprocessing Work:

• Paper Selection

Identifying the problem:

• Screenshots

III.        Simulation Report

• Synthesize Report

Report Materials:

• Block Diagrams
• Review Details

III.        Relevant Materials

• Presentation
• Supporting Documents
• Software E-Books

VII.        Software Development Standards & Procedure – E-Book

Learning Exposure:

VIII.        Programming classes

• Practical training
• Project Design & Implementation

Publishing Support:

XII.        Conference Support

XIII.        Journal Support

XIV.        Guide Arrangements

Vlsi based projects like image processing projects, low power projects, matlab with vlsi projects , cryptography projects, OFDM projects, SDR projects, communication projects, zigbee projects, digital signal processing projects, and also protocol interfacing projects like uart ,i2c,spi projects.

Signal and Image processing projects can be simulated by using Modelsim 6.5b and synthesized by Xilinx 10.1 using Spartan IIIe fpga and by Quartus 11.1using altera de2 fpga. In image processing projects, the input image or video can be converted to coefficients using Matlab. Low power projects can be designed using Tanner, Microwind and spice tools.

We spotlights on imparting an overall exposure to the concept and design methodologies of all major aspects of vlsi engineering relevant to industry needs and ground-breaking thoughts with 100% pure accuracy.

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