the crucible and animal farm essay

A Summary and Analysis of George Orwell’s Animal Farm

By Dr Oliver Tearle (Loughborough University)

Animal Farm is, after Nineteen Eighty-Four , George Orwell’s most famous book. Published in 1945, the novella (at under 100 pages, it’s too short to be called a full-blown ‘novel’) tells the story of how a group of animals on a farm overthrow the farmer who puts them to work, and set up an equal society where all animals work and share the fruits of their labours.

However, as time goes on, it becomes clear that the society the animals have constructed is not equal at all. It’s well-known that the novella is an allegory for Communist Russia under Josef Stalin, who was leader of the Soviet Union when Orwell wrote the book. Before we dig deeper into the context and meaning of Animal Farm with some words of analysis, it might be worth refreshing our memories with a brief summary of the novella’s plot.

Animal Farm: plot summary

The novella opens with an old pig, named Major, addressing his fellow animals on Manor Farm. Major criticises Mr Jones, the farmer who owns Manor Farm, because he controls the animals, takes their produce (the hens’ eggs, the cows’ milk), but gives them little in return. Major tells the other animals that man, who walks on two feet unlike the animals who walk on four, is their enemy.

They sing a rousing song in favour of animals, ‘Beasts of England’. Old Major dies a few days later, but the other animals have been inspired by his message.

Two pigs in particular, Snowball and Napoleon, rouse the other animals to take action against Mr Jones and seize the farm for themselves. They draw up seven commandments which all animals should abide by: among other things, these commandments forbid an animal to kill another animal, and include the mantra ‘four legs good, two legs bad’, because animals (who walk on four legs) are their friends while their two-legged human overlords are evil. (We have analysed this famous slogan here .)

The animals lead a rebellion against Mr Jones, whom they drive from the farm. They rename Manor Farm ‘Animal Farm’, and set about running things themselves, along the lines laid out in their seven commandments, where every animal is equal. But before long, it becomes clear that the pigs – especially Napoleon and Snowball – consider themselves special, requiring special treatment, as the leaders of the animals.

Nevertheless, when Mr Jones and some of the other farmers lead a raid to try to reclaim the farm, the animals work together to defend the farm and see off the men. A young farmhand is knocked unconscious, and initially feared dead.

Things begin to fall apart: Napoleon’s windmill, which he has instructed the animals to build, is vandalised and he accuses Snowball of sabotaging it. Snowball is banished from the farm. During winter, many of the animals are on the brink of starvation.

Napoleon engineers it so that when Mr Whymper, a man from a neighbouring farm with whom the pigs have started to trade (so the animals can acquire the materials they need to build the windmill), visits the farm, he overhears the animals giving a positive account of life on Animal Farm.

Without consulting the hens first, Napoleon organises a deal with Mr Whymper which involves giving him many of the hens’ eggs. They rebel against him, but he starves them into submission, although not before nine hens have died. Napoleon then announces that Snowball has been visiting the farm at night and destroying things.

Napoleon also claims that Snowball has been in league with Mr Jones all the time, and that even at the Battle of the Cowshed (as the animals are now referring to the farmers’ unsuccessful raid on the farm) Snowball was trying to sabotage the fight so that Jones won.

The animals are sceptical about this, because they all saw Snowball bravely fighting alongside them. Napoleon declares he has discovered ‘secret documents’ which prove Snowball was in league with their enemy.

Life on Animal Farm becomes harder for the animals, and Boxer, while labouring hard to complete the windmill, falls and injures his lung. The pigs arrange for him to be taken away and treated, but when the van arrives and takes him away, they realise too late that the van belongs to a man who slaughters horses, and that Napoleon has arranged for Boxer to be taken away to the knacker’s yard and killed.

Squealer lies to the animals, though, and when he announces Boxer’s death two days later, he pretends that the van had been bought by a veterinary surgeon who hadn’t yet painted over the old sign on the side of the van. The pigs take to wearing green ribbons and order in another crate of whisky for them to drink; they don’t share this with the other animals.

A few years pass, and some of the animals die, Napoleon and Squealer get fatter, and none of the animals is allowed to retire, as previously promised. The farm gets bigger and richer, but the luxuries the animals had been promised never materialised: they are told that the real pleasure is derived from hard work and frugal living.

Then, one day, the animals see Squealer up on his hind legs, walking on two legs like a human instead of on four like an animal.

The other pigs follow; and Clover and Benjamin discover that the seven commandments written on the barn wall have been rubbed off, to be replace by one single commandment: ‘All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.’ The pigs start installing radio and a telephone in the farmhouse, and subscribe to newspapers.

Finally, the pigs invite humans into the farm to drink with them, and announce a new partnership between the pigs and humans. Napoleon announces to his human guests that the name of the farm is reverting from Animal Farm to the original name, Manor Farm.

The other animals from the farm, observing this through the window, can no longer tell which are the pigs and which are the men, because Napoleon and the other pigs are behaving so much like men now.

Things have gone full circle: the pigs are no different from Mr Jones (indeed, are worse).

Animal Farm: analysis

First, a very brief history lesson, by way of context for Animal Farm . In 1917, the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, was overthrown by Communist revolutionaries.

These revolutionaries replaced the aristocratic rule which had been a feature of Russian society for centuries with a new political system: Communism, whereby everyone was equal. Everyone works, but everyone benefits equally from the results of that work. Josef Stalin became leader of Communist Russia, or the Soviet Union, in the early 1920s.

However, it soon became apparent that Stalin’s Communist regime wasn’t working: huge swathes of the population were working hard, but didn’t have enough food to survive. They were starving to death.

But Stalin and his politicians, who themselves were well-off, did nothing to combat this problem, and indeed actively contributed to it. But they told the people that things were much better since the Russian Revolution and the overthrow of the Tsar, than things had been before, under Nicholas II. The parallels with Orwell’s Animal Farm are crystal-clear.

Animal Farm is an allegory for the Russian Revolution and the formation of a Communist regime in Russia (as the Soviet Union). We offer a fuller definition of allegory in a separate post, but the key thing is that, although it was subtitled A Fairy Story , Orwell’s novella is far from being a straightforward tale for children. It’s also political allegory, and even satire.

The cleverness of Orwell’s approach is that he manages to infuse his story with this political meaning while also telling an engaging tale about greed, corruption, and ‘society’ in a more general sense.

One of the commonest techniques used in both Stalinist Russia and in Animal Farm is what’s known as ‘gaslighting’ (meaning to manipulate someone by psychological means so they begin to doubt their own sanity; the term is derived from the film adaptation of Gaslight , a play by Patrick Hamilton).

For instance, when Napoleon and the other pigs take to eating their meals and sleeping in the beds in the house at Animal Farm, Clover is convinced this goes against one of the seven commandments the animals drew up at the beginning of their revolution.

But one of the pigs has altered the commandment (‘No animal shall sleep in a bed’), adding the words ‘ with sheets ’ to the end of it. Napoleon and the other pigs have rewritten history, but they then convince Clover that she is the one who is mistaken, and that she’s misremembered what the wording of the commandment was.

Another example of this technique – which is a prominent feature of many totalitarian regimes, namely keep the masses ignorant as they’re easier to manipulate that way – is when Napoleon claims that Snowball has been in league with Mr Jones all along. When the animals question this, based on all of the evidence to the contrary, Napoleon and Squealer declare they have ‘secret documents’ which prove it.

But the other animals can’t read them, so they have to take his word for it. Squealer’s lie about the van that comes to take Boxer away (he claims it’s going to the vet, but it’s clear that Boxer is really being taken away to be slaughtered) is another such example.

Communist propaganda

Much as Stalin did in Communist Russia, Napoleon actively rewrites history , and manages to convince the animals that certain things never happened or that they are mistaken about something. This is a feature that has become more and more prominent in political society, even in non-totalitarian ones: witness our modern era of ‘fake news’ and media spin where it becomes difficult to ascertain what is true any more.

The pigs also convince the other animals that they deserve to eat the apples themselves because they work so hard to keep things running, and that they will have an extra hour in bed in the mornings. In other words, they begin to become the very thing they sought to overthrow: they become like man.

They also undo the mantra that ‘all animals are equal’, since the pigs clearly think they’re not like the other animals and deserve special treatment. Whenever the other animals question them, one question always succeeds in putting an end to further questioning: do they want to see Jones back running the farm? As the obvious answer is ‘no’, the pigs continue to get away with doing what they want.

Squealer is Napoleon’s propagandist, ensuring that the decisions Napoleon makes are ‘spun’ so that the other animals will accept them and carry on working hard.

And we can draw a pretty clear line between many of the major characters in Animal Farm and key figures of the Russian Revolution and Stalinist Russia. Napoleon, the leader of the animals, is Joseph Stalin; Old Major , whose speech rouses the animals to revolution, partly represents Vladimir Lenin, who spearheaded the Russian Revolution of 1917 (although he is also a representative of Karl Marx , whose ideas inspired the Revolution); Snowball, who falls out with Napoleon and is banished from the farm, represents Leon Trotsky, who was involved in the Revolution but later went to live in exile in Mexico.

Squealer, meanwhile, is based on Molotov (after whom the Molotov cocktail was named); Molotov was Stalin’s protégé, much as Squealer is encouraged by Napoleon to serve as Napoleon’s right-hand (or right-hoof?) man (pig).

Publication

Animal Farm very nearly didn’t make it into print at all. First, not long after Orwell completed the first draft in February 1944, his flat on Mortimer Crescent in London was bombed in June, and he feared the typescript had been destroyed. Orwell later found it in the rubble.

Then, Orwell had difficulty finding a publisher. T. S. Eliot, at Faber and Faber, rejected it because he feared that it was the wrong sort of political message for the time.

The novella was eventually published the following year, in 1945, and its relevance – as political satire, as animal fable, and as one of Orwell’s two great works of fiction – shows no signs of abating.

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70 Animal Farm Essay Topics & Examples

🔎 unique animal farm essay questions, 🏆 best animal farm essay topics & examples, 👍 simple & easy animal farm essay titles, 🎓 most interesting animal farm essay topics.

• Who Had the Absolute Power by the End of “Animal Farm”?
• What Was the Main Symbol of “Animal Farm”?
• Does the Story Condone Capitalism?
• Who Is the Protagonist of “Animal Farm”?
• What Are the Historical References in the Story?
• Who Can You Compare Napoleon to?
• Does “Animal Farm” Reflect the Russian Revolution?
• How Do You Define Socialist Ideas of “Animal Farm”?
• What Is the Snowball’s Role in the Story?
• Were There Innocent Characters in “Animal Farm”?
• Animal Farm by George Orwell: Literary Analysis Providing the title for the work, Orwell seems to ask the questions about the differences in the regime of the Soviet Union and irrational rule of animals at the farm.
• George Orwell and Animal Farm: A Critical Analysis Other farm owners try to attack the Animal Farm but Snowball lead a successful defense in the battle of the Cowshed and gains much worship amongst the animals.
• “Animal Farm” by George Orwell After the revolution in the Animal Farm, the animals establish the philosophy of Animalism in order to be different from human beings.
• Propaganda in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell His greatest objective is to carry out the spreading of the revolution and to bring in the improvement of the general welfare of all the animals on the farm.
• George Orwell and Two of His Works “1984” and “Animal Farm” Orwell draws on his own personal experiences in the context of political terrorism to describe a life, lived in fear and guilt.
• The Animal Farm by George Orwell There are animals which represent the poor people while the pigs and dogs represent the administrators of the leader. The pigs and dogs are given power to rule the animals by Jones who is the […]
• “I Have a Dream” and “Animal Farm” The Old Major’s speech as portrayed in the narrative Animal Farm has myriad of similarities and differences to the speech given by Martin Luther King Jr.in his attempt to liberate the black race from discrimination.
• Social Conflicts in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell This is the only way for the animals to establish equality and create a flourishing, happy and wealthy society.”Animal Farm” by Orwell is a description of the metamorphoses that happen within a freedom movement turning […]
• Domination in the Book “Animal Farm” The animals believed in the concept of equality and democracy. This discussion highlights some of the factors that influenced the social life of the animals within the farm.
• “Animal Farm” by George Orwell One of the most obvious elements that the author of the Animal Farm uses in order to highlight the satire is irony.
• Dystopias in “Animal Farm” and “The Handmaid’s Tale” In this regard, the aim of literary dystopias is to caution and warn society against the blind following of ideologies that lead to the breakdown of social order.
• Russian Revolution in Orwell’s “Animal Farm” Both the long-term and the short-term causes of the revolution contributed to the public outrage and diminished the people’s belief in the monarchy.
• The Comparison of Snowball to Napoleon in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Presentation of Napoleon in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Inability of the Animals to Read and Its Effect on Their Lives in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Use of Distortion as a Literary Device in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Importance of Freedom in Society as Portrayed in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Distortion of Socialism in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Path to Tyranny in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Prototypical Character of Benjamin in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Political Message Against Totalitarianism in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• An Analysis of the Differences Between the Novella “Animal Farm” by George Orwell and It’s Cartoon Adaptation
• The Theme of the Deterioration of Moral Rules in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• A Metaphor for the Life in the USSR in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Character Analysis: Boxer and Capitalism in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• Use of Humor to Describe Historical Events Illustrated in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• A Look at the Political Events That Led to the Writing of “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Totalitarianism Indictment in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Manipulation of Authority in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Theme of Absurditiy of the Russian Revolution in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Use of Language to Create a Propaganda in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Impact of Confrontation With Ideology of Communism and Theocracy on the Individual in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Personification of Animals in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely: An Analysis of Power and Strength in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• Timeline of Events Showing Napoleon’s Rise to Power in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• An Analysis of the Destructionof the Truth in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Effects of Power and Control in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Comparison of Stalin and Napoleon and the Development of Allegory in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Negative Effects of Absolute Power in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Depiction of the Many Twists and Turns of Today’s Society in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Mocking of Communism in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Attributes of Boxer’s Entrepreneurship as Described in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• An Analysis of Leader and Follower in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Look at Social Justice Issues Brought Out in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• An Analysis of the Conflict Between the Strong and the Weak in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• An Analysis of the Hidden Meaning in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• A Depiction of Communism Through a Fictional World of Animals in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Taking Advantage in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Troubles of Russia Depicted in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Political Cycle Depicted in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• The Transformation of an Individual Caused by the Misuse of Power in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• “Animal Farm” in the Context of What Makes Human Beings Human
• Old Major’s Speech to the Animals in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• A Comparative Analysis of Social Commentary in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell and “Animals” by Pink Floyd
• The Portrayal of the Utopian Society in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• Analysis of Symbolism in “The Sound of a Voice” by David Henry Hwang and “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Utopia and Dystopia in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• Comparison of “A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift and “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
• The Corruptness of Power Depicted in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”
• An Analysis of the Communism and Socialism in “Animal Farm” by George Orwell
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• Animal Farm

Background of the Novella

Animal Farm was written by George Orwell from 1943-1945. It was published in 1945 in England and in 1946 in The United States. It sold more than 600,000 copies of this book  in The United States .

George Orwell wrote this novel to warn the people against the impacts and perils of Stalinism and totalitarian government.  This novel got published at the end of World War II. The book is an allegory and all the characters symbolize different historical characters. The original title of this allegorical novella was Animal Farm: A Fairy Tale. But when it was published in the United States, the subtitle A Fairy Tale was dropped.

This novel won a Retrospective Hugo Award in 1996. It is included in the 100 best English language novels from 1923 to 2005 by Time Magazine. It is at 46 th number in The Big Read poll by BBC and at 31 st on Modern Library List of Best 20 th Century Novels. It is also chosen for inclusion in the Great Books of the Western World.

 About the idea of the book, Orwell wrote that 

“I saw a little boy, perhaps ten years old, driving a huge carthorse along a narrow path, whipping it whenever it tried to turn. It struck me that if only such animals became aware of their strength we should have no power over them and that men exploit animals in much the same way as the rich exploit the proletariat. ”

Animal Farm deals with the group of animals who assume responsibility for the homestead they live on. The animals get tired of Mr. Jones who remains their master, so they attack him and expel him out of the farm.

When they are liberated from the dictator Jones, life on the homestead is useful for some time and there is a promise for a more joyful eventual fate of less work, better training and more nourishment. However, conflict arises as Napoleon and Snowball battle for the leadership of animals on the homestead. Napoleon holds onto power forcibly and winds up abusing the animals similarly as Farmer Jones does. The story closes with the pigs acting and dressing like the people which the animals expel from the farm.

Setting of the Novella

The Manor Farm is the setting of the novel. This farm is later called the Animal Farm. It is located somewhere in the English countryside. It is a small but an independent farm. The name of the farm suggests that it once belonged to the lord of the manor who might have been an aristocrat.

But at the start of the novel, the farm is under the control of drunkard lazy Mr. Jones. The Manor Farm also symbolizes Russia and some of the European countries which are now under the control of capitalists and the scenario is well set for a revolution of Communism. This farm also stands for the bloodshed and corruption of the Stalin era.

Historical Background

In 1917, two progressive upsets shock the world and Russia.  Russian monarchy is overthrown and the USSR is established which becomes the very first state that follows the principles of Communism.

Throughout the following 30 years, the Soviet government slips into an authoritarian system that controls communist thoughts of correspondence among the average workers to persecute its relatives and look after force. Animal Farm is a purposeful anecdote of the Russian Revolution and the Communist Soviet Union. Huge numbers of the animal characters in Animal Farm have direct relationships to figures or establishments in the Soviet Union.

Animal Farm Summary

Chapter 1 summary.

Mr. Jones is the owner of the animal farm. Mr. Jones is heavily drunk and he hardly makes it to bed. As he goes towards the bed, the animals start to make noise and bustle because they are to hold a grand meeting on the farm. The agenda of the meeting is to have a discussion about the strange dream of the Old Major. The animals are slowly showing up in the barn.

Three dogs arrive which include Jessie, Bluebell and Pincher. Afterwards, hens, pigs, cows, sheep, and the horses; Clover and Boxer come as well.  The donkey Benjamin and the goat Muriel do come as well. So many more animals arrive as well and Old Major starts the aim of the meeting by addressing all of them as Comrades. He wants to impart his knowledge because he thinks he is going to die soon. He thinks that animals are not free and they live in slavery and misery.

He thinks that they are not free because they are being subjugated by human beings. He thinks that human beings rob and plunder all the animals and when the animals are left with nothing to present to human beings, humans kill them or slaughter them. He also announces that the way to free life is that they need to start a rebellion movement.

He then asks all of them to vote whether they should go into the rebellion or not and the majority of them want freedom. He then shares his dream that the state of happiness for animals can be achieved once the man is eliminated.

Chapter 2 Summary

After the meeting, Old Major dies but the major thing he does is that he unites all the animals. After his death, animals start their preparation for the rebellion. Pigs are assigned the responsibility to gather the animals and teach them about the rebellion.

Napoleon, Snowball and Squealer start teaching the animals about the concept of Old Major which is Animalism. They expound the ideas of animalism to all the people. At the start, animals have mixed reactions towards the concept of Animalism; some think that the system would work while those who are on the side of Mr. Jones think that this system might not work. Slowly and gradually the animals start getting to the concept of Animalism.

In the meanwhile, Mr. Jones suffers economic losses and he gets engaged in excessive drinking. This loss of control provides the animals an opportunity to chalk out their plan of rebellion in a good way. One day, Mr. Jones is highly drunk and he is unable to feed the animals. So animals rush to the shelter and eat whatever is present. Mr. Jones and his men come to beat animals and they beat all the animals very hard. The animals attack the men and they all flee from the barn.

All the animals remove the boundaries of the farm and change the name of the from the Manor Farm to Animal Farm. The animals sleep well that night and believe that a good life is ahead of them.

They also reveal that the concept of Animalism has some basic tenants and they are:

•     Creatures that walk on two legs are our enemies.
•     Creatures with wings or four legs are friends.
•     Animals would not wear clothes like human beings.
•     They will not use beds for sleeping.
•     Animals would not drink alcohol.
•     Animals would not commit the killing of animals.
•     Animals of all sorts are equal.

Then they decide to harvest and start harvesting.

Chapter 3 Summary

The pigs supervise the harvest and the harvest is more successful than that of Mr. Jones although these animals do not have the tools for harvest. Animals start enjoying this life of freedom. All the animals work to their capacity on Animal Farm. Boxer is the one who works harder than the rest of the animals because he is big and strong. In Animalism, all the animals share their responsibilities and they seem satisfied with the system.

The day of  rest is Sunday. There is another meeting in which the flag of Animalism is raised. In the next meeting, they decide and plan the working schedules for the week.

The pigs help in making a room for study where trade is studied. Some Committees are made including The Clean Tails League, Re-Education Committee, and Egg Production Committee. But the committees are unable to produce the results. The animals do not have good intelligence and are unable to remember the seven features of Animalism so one basic commandment is made for them and it is “four legs good and two legs bad.”

Slowly, the pigs take control of the farms. For example, the pigs claim right over the ripe apples first. Pigs want more milk and apples for their brain because they are the ones who plan for anything. The animals want to stop these pigs but they are afraid that Mr. Jones might return if they are not united and they believe that they are united because of the pigs.

Chapter 4 Summary

Summer arrives and the word of the rebellion reaches the surrounding farms as well. Mr. Jones also informs the other farmers about his miseries and the rebellion of the animals. The farmers do not like each other but they are afraid that the same rebellions might take place in their respective farms as well so they all unite together to fight the animals. Some of the farmers advertise the news on their farm that the animals of the Animal Farm are starving because they do not have food. They think that such news would discourage the animals from rebelling. But the animals get the news that the word of the farmer is not true so the farmers then spread the news that the animals of the Animal Farm have turned out to be cannibals.

Animals of the other farms also start disobeying their owner and here and there they beat their owners. After some time, Mr. Jones gathers people to take possession of the Animal Farm. The animals are now trained for the war. The men attack with full strength but animals stand and defeat the men. Boxer and Snowball stand out as their heroes. Animals call the war the Battle of the Cowshed. They also give some honors to the animals as Boxer and Snowball are conferred upon ‘Animal Hero of First Class’ while the dead sheep is conferred the honor of Animal Hero of Second class, posthumously. They also decide to celebrate the anniversary of the battle every year on 12 th October.

Chapter 5 Summary

In the winter, the animals feel that Mollie is not performing the assigned duties. Mollie is also sympathetic towards humans and usually talks to humans at the borders of Animal Farm. It is also noted that Mollies has sugar and ribbon stash. After some time, Mollies disappears from the farm.

The weather becomes harsh in January and the animals hold many meetings to make some policies. They agree that the policies will be made by Pigs. In these meetings, Napoleon and Snowball come in contrary positions and they usually disagree with each other. Some of the animals support Napoleon, while others start supporting Snowball.

Over the issue of the windmill, both these animals develop a staunch conflict. Snowball designates the land where there will be a windmill that will provide the electricity to the farm and Snowball also makes the plan for it but Napoleon urinated on the documents of the plan.

Snowball suggests that animals will be able to complete the windmill in a year but Napoleon thinks that all the animals might die in one year if they do not focus on the production of food.  Some of the animals start chanting for the windmill, while the other chant for food production. Benjamin is the only animal who thinks that both plans are beneficial for animals.

There is preparation for another possible attack by the humans and Napoleon and Snowball again come in a debate. Napoleon is of the view to train the animals to use firearms while Snowball thinks other animals should be brought as well.

The blueprint for the windmill is completed and the majority decides for it but in the meanwhile, Napoleon brings nine dogs that chase Snowball but he manages to escape the farm. This gives an opportunity to Napoleon and he announces that on Sunday there will be a meeting.

In the meeting, the animals are not allowed and the pigs decide the schedule for the next week. Napoleon starts dictating all the other animals and decides that he will not only complete the windmill but will also carry out other welfare plans for the animals too.

Chapter 6 Summary

These animals start working to build the windmill and they work for sixty hours every week.  In the month of August, Napoleon announces that the animals may choose to come and work on Sundays for the windmill. He also declares that coming on Sunday is a choice of the animals but if they do not come they will get reduced rations.

The building work for the windmill is in full swing but there comes a shortage of materials on the farm and the animals are unable to produce these materials on the farm. They start thinking about the possible solutions and Napoleon comes up with the solution that the farm animals would trade with the farms of the neighborhood and sell some eggs of the hens. In the process of this trade, the animals have to make contact with human beings and this is contrary to the commandments of Animalism. The animals grow uneasy over the issue but Napoleon assures them that there will be no contact with human beings and that it is only done for the welfare of the animals. He then announces that on behalf of the animals of the farm a solicitor Mr. Whymper will work as an agent between the animals of the farm and the people of the town.

Slowly and gradually, the people of the town start accepting the existence of the Animal Farm although they do not like it. The pigs again come into the farm and the animals are uneasy with them but Squealer satisfies them that the pigs’ plan for the animals  He also convinces the animals that Napoleon being their master must live in the house rather than living with them.

One night, the windmill gets destroyed by the wind and there are some footprints of the pigs. Napoleon announces that this destruction is brought by Snowball.  He announces that Snowball must be brought to the farm for the death sentence and whoever brings him will be awarded honor.

Chapter 7 Summary

In the winter, the animals start working on the windmill again. They also face the scarcity of food but the plan that they will not allow humans to know about their misery because humans want the Animal Farm to fail. Due to the shortage of food, many of the animals do not eat and they remain hungry.

Napoleon does not appear in public frequently. He then makes a contract to sell around four hundred eggs every week.  The hens disagree with the decision but Napoleon stops their food and announces that whoever provides hens with the food will be given the death sentence. Hens surrender soon because in the span of a few days nine hens die in the farm.

The news is spread on the farm that Snowball comes to the farm at night and creates mischief. Napoleon announces to look for the traces of Snowball and to smell the smell of Snowball in the farm. News is also spread that Snowball has taken a position with the animals to take over the animal farm. Squealer tells the animals that Snowball is on the side of Mr. Jones and he has been on the side of Mr. Jones in the battle of Cowshed.

After a few days Napoleon orders for the assembly. He is wearing the awards of the battles. Some of the pigs have opposed the ideas of Napoleon and the dogs of Napoleon drag them out from the crowd. The pigs are forced to tell the animals of their activities and they confess that they are plotting with Snowball to take over the farm. They also confess that they have destroyed the windmill with the help of Snowball. Napoleon orders to kill the pigs and similarly some other animals are killed too. After the assembly, the animals are terrified and the Squealer comes to announce that the anthem of the Animal Farm is replaced with the new anthem by Napoleon.

Chapter 8 Summary

The animals grow uneasy over the matter that the animal farm is very much different than the one which Old Major advocated. Napoleon does not come to meet the public and the animals are forced to call Napoleon ‘our leader.’ The animals are made to believe that all the success and the development of the farm is due to Napoleon. Poems over the glories of Napoleon are also composed in the farm. Napoleon wants to sell the timber and the negotiations are carried on with Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick. 

In summer, some hens are punished to death because of their plotting against the life of Napoleon. Thus the security of Napoleon increases. Napoleon sells the timber to Mr. Pilkington.

Another misfortune strikes the farm and the fields of wheat turn out as weeds. The windmill completes in the due course of time. The windmill is named Napoleon Mill. Napoleon then announces that he has a deal with Frederick of selling the timber. He also announces that he does not have a deal with Pilkington. He further announces that he told the animals about the deal with Pilkington because he wanted to raise the bid price. He also says that he is going to use the cash for purchasing machinery for the windmill.

He demands that the animals would investigate the note and it is found that the notes are unreal. He sentences death penalty for Frederick by boiling him alive. He then sends a word for Pilkington for a deal but he refuses. Frederick comes with his men and destroys the Windmill. The animals chase the attackers.  

The victory is named as the battle of the windmill. Napoleon titles himself as the Order of the Green Banner. One day, Pigs find Whiskey and after a few days, the squealer announces that Napoleon is about to die. His last words are that no one should drink alcohol. In the span of a few days, Napoleon is saved and he announces that they are going to make drinks.

Chapter 9 Summary

The winter comes and the ration of the animals is given to them in lower quantity but dogs and pigs are given the full quantity. Napoleon parents thirty-one pigs on the farm and decides to make a school for them. He announces that pigs are superior to other animals and they should be paid due respect. The pigs bloom in the farm and for the rest of the animals, the times are hard with low food and forced for more production. The end of the winter brings another announcement from Napoleon that the pigs will be given beer in their ration too and more than half of the drink would be taken by Napoleon.

In the month of April, Napoleon is elected as the president and the Animal Farm becomes the republic. One day, Boxer falls ill with the work and asks for his retirement. Napoleon announces that he will be sent to the hospital. A van with a man comes and takes Boxer. The animals get happy that Boxer will be alright soon but Benjamin tells them that the van has written letters which say that the van belongs to the doctor who sells the flesh and bones of the horses. The animals try to help Boxer but are unable to.

After a few days, it is announced that Boxer died in the hospital. Squealer tells them that the doctor has bought the van from the horse slaughterer but has not painted it yet. Napoleon announces that Boxer is going to be awarded. The night of the ceremony comes and animals learn that pigs have bought crates of whiskeys.

Chapter 10 Summary

The animals of the rebellion slowly die. Mr. Jones also dies in his home. Napoleon has grown fat. The farm becomes big because Napoleon purchases land. He also buys machinery for the farm. The windmill is used for milling the corn and they do not make electricity. There is no retirement for old animals. He also makes the animal build another windmill for electricity.

The dogs and pigs continue their life of luxury. The pigs buy telephones and have a magazine subscription. Animals start wearing human clothing. Humans are invited to the farm and the bad relations are finished. They start cooperating and trade with the humans and the visits of humans increase on-farm. Napoleon makes the animals work more and more. He gives them less food. The humans and pigs usually play poker games and they usually fight each other and there seems no differentiation between because the name  of the farm is replaced with The Manor Farm again.

Animal Farm Characters Analysis

He is a white boar. He is given the name of Willingdon Beauty by Mr. Jones. He is a wise character in the novel. For this intelligence, he is respected by all the animals of Jones` farm.

He is the senior among all the animals and is twelve years old. It is he who starts the course of action by calling a meeting at the very start of the novel. He gives the idea of Animalism to the animals of the farm so that they could spend a better life if freedom.

After his death, he is revered and his skull is placed with the flag of Animalism. He symbolizes Karl Marx. Karl Marx is the father of Marxist view and he states that the class division where the Bourgeoisies control the means of production and make the proletariat class work tirelessly should confront the revolution and reach the state of Communism where there will be equality for all.

He also represents Vladimir Lenin. He is the founding author of the Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union formation. After his death, Stalin and Trotsky developed a conflict for a leadership position and in the novel, it is shown through Napoleon and Snowball.

He is the leader of Animal Farm. He is one among the pigs. He is the only Berkshire Boar present on the farm. He is a true politician and makes the way for the expelling of Snowball.

He then takes over the animal farm. He time and again changes his commitments and decisions for his own benefits. He gives special privileges to pigs and dogs. Once he takes control of the farm, he goes against the commandments of animalism and starts wearing human clothes and eats in the dishes. He slowly goes away from public and does not mingle himself with the public.

He is the leader who is corrupt and feeds on the production of his subjects providing them nothing of benefit. For Orwell, Napoleon represents Napoleon Bonaparte. In the novel, the pig Napoleon represents Stalin because he also changed his policies and orders frequently.

Benjamin is the donkey in this novel. He is the oldest of the animals that are living on the farm. He shows stubbornness. He is the only animal beside pigs that can read.

In addition to this, he is an intelligent animal. He is very unfriendly throughout the novel but has a strong affiliation with Boxer. He remains the same before and after a period of Rebellion. He helps the animals on the farm to learn and write. He shows that life is hard but one needs to find ways to pass this life.

Benjamin also stands for Orwell himself because Orwell too remained pessimistic due to the political scenario and the totalitarian governments.

Boxer is the male horse that lives on the farm. He is the tallest and strongest of the animals on the farm. His appearance is not very good and his intelligence, too, is of the second class but he is respected for his strength and valor.

After the rebellion, he works more than the other animals. He becomes a supporter of Napoleon because he thinks that he needs to serve fellow animals. For the sake of the betterment of Animal Farm, he works hard and tirelessly.

He believes Napoleon blindly and when Squealer tells him that Napoleon has informed him that Snowball helped humans in the battle of Cowshed, he believes it directly although he knows that it is not the truth.

In the battle of Windmill, Boxer gets injured. He wants retirement. Squealer comes and announces that Napoleon is sending Boxer to hospital for treatment but instead he sells him to a horse slaughterer for profit. The money is then used by the pigs for drinking alcohol.

Boxer is an allegorical representation of the working class or the proletariats in human society. Although they have the strength and power to serve the bourgeoisie yet they lack the mental capabilities which make them understand that they can stand for their own rights.

This class of people does not understand the actual tactics of the propagandist governments and they suffer throughout their lives.

There are nine dogs which are parented by Napoleon. These are the same dogs that Napoleon makes to catch Snowball. These dogs are given special privileges along with the pigs.

In winters, when the ration of the animals is reduced and they starve because of the shortage of food, these dogs enjoy full food and luxuries of life. They are the main weapons of Napoleon and he uses them to tear apart the animals which are sentenced to death. These dogs are made the characters in this novel because they symbolize the agencies like KGB and NKVD.

Frederick is the owner of Pinchfield. Pinchfield is a small farm in the surroundings of the Manor Farm. He has a good business and is usually busy with legal issues. He makes a deal with Napoleon for the purchasing of timber but he cheats the animals by giving them unreal notes of banks.

Frederick symbolizes Adolf Hitler. This deal of timber also shows the non-aggression pact of Nazi-Soviet governments. His deceiving of the animals shows his betrayal of the Soviet government by launching an invasion in Soviet. The stories that are coming from the farm of Frederick portray that the Nazi government of Hitler is going to come hard on the people.

He is the owner of the animal farm. When he is the owner of the farm the name of the farm is The Manor Farm. He is a drunkard. Due to his habit of drinking, he does not feed the animals of the farm well so animals overthrow him by starting a rebellion movement against him. Animals defeat him in the battle and take his farm and gun. He tries to take the farm but is defeated again.

He then goes to another part of the country and dies there. He symbolizes a government that is flawed and corrupt. This sort of government gives way to revolutions and rebellions.

Pilkington owns the Foxwood Farm which is located near the Manor Farm. He is a good man and has great interest in his own lands. He marks the end of human-animal hostility and wants to make good cooperation between humans and animals.

He represents the allies. These allied countries traded with Soviet Union till World War II. But these allied countries remain reluctant at the start of the war to enter into it and in the novel, it is shown that Pilkington does not save the animals when Frederick and his men attack the animal farm.

In the end, the poker game between Pilkington and Napoleon represents the struggle for power in the Cold War era.

He is also a leader in the pigs. He is a young pig. He is an intelligent character but the only shortcoming in his character is that he does not have political depth which Napoleon possesses.

He symbolizes Leon Trotsky. Snowball aims to work for the betterment of the animal farm. He comes up with the plan of a windmill, which he thinks would prove very beneficial for the animals of the animal farm.

But before the windmill is built, Napoleon expels him from the animal farm. He then does not come to the animal farm but all those bad things which happen on the animal farm are associated with Snowball through Napoleon’s propagandist team of pigs. He is also accused of the idea that he is plotting against the animal farm to take revenge. Napoleon uses tactics of fear through the name of Snowball and takes complete control of the farm.

He is a poker pig. He is endowed with the art of arguments. He is known to be a person who can turn black into white and vice versa.

He acts as an agent of Napoleon. He brings the orders of Napoleon to the animals. He lies frequently to the animals and makes them forget the history by changing the history and modifying the events according to the wishes of Napoleon. He is a true propagandist in a totalitarian government.

He is a solicitor and works as an agent for the animals to make deals with the surrounding farms and human beings. He takes his commission from Napoleon. He makes visits to the animal farm on every Monday. He does not bother himself with injustices of the animal farm rather he is interested in his commission.

He is a sort of person who portrays the countries that made trade and deals with the Soviet Union but did not attempt to look into the cruelties of the government towards its subjects.

Themes in Animal Farm

Education used for oppression.

From the start of the novel, the readers are informed about the role of education in stratifying the population of Animal Farm. After the death of Major, the pigs being the clever animals assume the assignment of activating the animals.

In the start, the pigs are faithful to animals and to the progressive reason. They interpret Major’s vision of Animals loyally in the Seven Commandments. But soon they start oppressing the animals with their education and intelligence. When the pigs get the opportunity to get something material that they need, they desert their ethics and utilize their better keenness and information to mislead animals of the farms.

The pigs do not provide good opportunities for other animals to get education and knowledge. They instruct themselves from the books of the children to write and read. They are clever to the extent that they destroy the books once they read them.

This results in the fact that other animals do not learn anything. When pigs are accepted as a class of educated animals they start exploiting other animals.

For instance, they know that the animals are unable to read so they change the commandments of Animalism whenever they want to remold them according to their need. The pigs employ their proficiency to take in exchanges from manuals, which give them an open door for financial specialization. They are satisfied with the job of the intellectual elite, the pigs avoid physical work.

This shows that they are also opportunists. The education and the intelligence of pigs permit them to subdue the rest of the animals of the farm. At the end of the book, the readers witness Napoleon’s arrangements for the education of a new generation of pigs so that they could continue to subdue the animals of the farm.

Violence as a tool of Suppression

In Animal Farm, Orwell reprimands the manners in which the tyrants use fear and viciousness to subdue their subjects. Savagery is one element from which the animals want to get rid and thus they prepare for the Rebellion.

The fact is that Mr. Jones makes the animals work more and he kills them as well whenever he wants to. When the pigs start controlling the animals the way Jones did it, they get to the real help of fear and brutality. They exploit this information to their full potential benefit. The preeminent case of brutality and dread in the novel is an example of open executions.

The executions represent the Great Purge and the Red Terror, yet they stand for the maltreatment of intensity. For instance, they are like the open executions of Taliban in Kabul, Afghanistan.

The death penalty for crooks is a fervently discussed issue. Executing lawbreakers like Napoleon is another issue. The executions symbolize the Trails of Moscow which Stalin arranged to make the people afraid. The traitors were forced to confess so that they could be executed.

In the novel, Napoleon forces the animals to confess so that he could execute them. Orwell’s utilization of the moral story sorts him well in the execution scene. Execution with weapons is a vicious and appalling act. However, numerous individuals have become desensitized to it. Orwell’s symbolic killers, the dog that murders savagely depicts the wicked and inevitably bestial side of execution.

Fear is brought through propaganda and dangers. Every time the animals set out to scrutinize a part of Napoleon’s system, Squealer compromises them with the return of Mr. Jones. This means threatening the animals since it would mean another fight, and the defeat of the fight would bring about their previous life under the control of Mr. Jones.

The return of Mr. Jones is a serious risk because it kills the interests of animals in questioning. The other significant case of dread strategies in the novel is the danger of Snowball and his colleagues. Napoleon uses Snowball`s return as the cause of fear because he makes them believe that his return is dangerous. Snowball is a more awful danger than Jones since Jones is at any rate securely out of Animal Farm. Snowball is demonstrated to be sneaking along the boundaries of Animal Farm.

Napoleon’s open examination of Snowball’s whereabouts concretes the fear of the animals for the dangerous impact of Snowball.

Class Stratification

The animal farm is corrosive satire not only at the corruption in the era of Stalin but it also holds a mirror to the human tendency and inclination towards class the development of class stratification and the bad impacts of class division.

The novel sheds light on the fact the various animals representing various classes are one against the enemy but once the peril of elimination and enemy is eliminated, the unity of the classes goes away and they start dividing themselves into different groups.

Once Mr. Jones is removed from the leadership of the farm, a run for leadership is shown among the animals of the farm and Napoleon being the main manipulator becomes the leader to exploit all the animals. The animals divide themselves as the working class and the other class who control the working class. The pigs are classified into the class that holds all the privileges and the rest of the animals on the farm constitute the working class and they work tirelessly. This class is given no proper food and shelter while the pigs enjoy every luxury of the farm.

Through this novella, Orwell highlights the fact that it is the tendency of Humans that they have divided themselves into groups and classes because they cannot remain in freedom. They want to get subjugated by another class and it is happening throughout the world.

Naive Working Class and its dangers

The novels present both the classes very powerfully and meticulously: the controlling class and the oppressive class. The novel does not present the perspective of any particular but it portrays the panoramic view of all the characters. It is in fact narrated through the perspective of every ordinary animal.

The animals that are hardworking and loyal gives Orwell an opportunity to highlight that oppression does not only through the control tactics of the upper class but through the naivetés of the suppressed class.  The oppression happens because this oppressed class is not educated and not informed and this lack of knowledge causes the oppression and opportunity to the control class to suppress the oppressed. 

Boxer states that Napoleon is always right and this is a clear indication which gives Napoleon more strength and power to subdue this class of animal. This novel manifests that the inability of the oppressed increases the suffering of this class because they are unable to make progress in order to free themselves from the tyrant and cruel masters.

The Failure of Intellect

Animal Farm is profoundly doubtful about the estimation of scholarly movement. The pigs are distinguished as the canniest creatures. However, their insight rarely delivers anything of significant worth.

Rather, the pigs utilize their insight to control and misuse different creatures. The novella recognizes a few different manners by which knowledge neglects to be valuable or acceptable. Benjamin is educated, yet he will not peruse, proposing that knowledge is useless without the ethical sense to take part in governmental issues and the fearlessness to act. The dogs are almost as proficient as the pigs.

However, they are not keen on pursuing anything aside from the Seven Commandments. The dogs’ utilization of their insight recommends that acumen is pointless when it is joined with a character that likes to obey orders as opposed to addressing them.

Animal Exploitation by Humans

Animal Farm makes progressively strict contention like people abuse and mistreats animals. While the creatures’ resistance is generally funny in tone, it finishes on a genuine and touching note, when the creatures clear out the last hints of Jones’ loathed rule.

The outfit room toward the end of the stables was torn open; the bits, the nose-rings, the pooch chains, the barbarous blades with which Mr. Jones had been utilized to mutilate the pigs and sheep, were completely flung down the well.

The novella proposes that there is a genuine association between the abuse of creatures and the misuse of human specialists. Mr. Pilkington jokes to Napoleon that on the off chance that you have your lower creatures to fight with we have our lower classes. From the perspective of the decision class, creatures and laborers are the equivalents.

Animal Farm Analysis

Stalinism satirized.

This novel is a satire of extremist governments of totalitarian governments in their numerous pretenses. Orwell formed this book for an explicit reason: to stand as a cautionary tale of warning against Stalinism.

Therefore, he was unable to publish this book because the Allies were helping out the Soviet Union. Although the book got ready for publishing yet Orwell could not get any publisher for the book to publish it. The characters of this novel portray some authentic figures and various groups of Imperial Russian and Soviet society. The Major stands for Karl Marx, the Boxer for the workers, Napoleon stands for Joseph Stalin, Frederick for Adolf Hitler, and Snowball stands for Leon Trotsky.

The similarity of the incidents of this novel and event in the history of Soviet is unquestionable. For instance, Napoleon and Snowball conflict is an immediate reference to that of Stalin and Trotsky’s. The agreement of trade between Napoleon and Frederick and then breaking it represents a non-aggression pact between Nazi and Soviets before World War II. The Battle of the Windmill shows World War II.

Regardless of this fantasy story composed for satirizing some of the events Soviet history Orwell is less concerned about other events of history. For instance, the killing in Chapter VII associates the Great Purge and the Red Terror. The executions are the representation of these events. Squealer’s declarations that the executions have finished the Rebellion associate them to the time of the Red Terror.

Orwell leaves some vagueness in the characters of the Rebellion and the Battle of the Cowshed. These obscurities in the events help the audience concentrate the satire focused on Stalinism and the dangers of the totalitarian government.

Napoleon Analyzed

From the initial points in the novella, Napoleon rises as a person who is always in search of opportunities for corruption.  Napoleon never makes a solitary commitment by participating actively in the Revolution, not to the definition of its belief system, not to the grisly battle that it requires, not to the new society’s underlying endeavors to build up itself. He never shows enthusiasm for the quality of Animal Farm itself, just in the quality of his control over it.

Therefore, the main venture he embraces with excitement is the preparation of a litter of little dogs. He doesn’t teach them so that the dog could benefit themselves or to benefit all the animals of the farm but he teaches them for his own advantages. They become Napoleon`s private armed force for the sake of controlling the animals of the farm.

In spite of the fact that he straightforwardly demonstrates Joseph Stalin, Napoleon symbolizes the political dictators that have risen all through the history of mankind and with specific recurrence during the twentieth century. He is not the French Napoleon in the novel but he matches all the features of Napoleon Bonaparte who sells all the democratic commandments and this is the same which Napoleon of Animal Farm does, in order to control the animals of the farm.

One by one, he changes all the seven commandments of Animalism for his own benefits. It is a demonstration of Orwell’s intense political insight that Napoleon can without much of a stretch represent any of the extraordinary despots and political rascals in world history, even the individuals who emerged after Animal Farm was composed. In the conduct of Napoleon and his partners in crime, one can identify the lying and tormenting strategies of authoritarian pioneers, for example, Mao, Josip Tito, Augusto Pinochet, Pol Pot and Milosevic are treated in a very corrosive manner.

Some Animals are more equal than others

In Animal Farm various types of animals have various capacities and intelligence levels. The dogs and the pigs are the best because of their education, while Boxer and a large portion of different creatures are not educated and they do not have intelligence.

These varying degrees of training are reflected in the chain of command that in the long run rises on Animal Farm. The dogs and the pigs on top, Boxer and the other animals lower than pigs and dogs. One understanding of the divergence in insight among creatures is that a few animal varieties, for example, pigs are bound to govern, while the lower creatures are bound to endure. In the event that this phenomenon is accepted, at that point class divisions arise in the novella.

Animal Farm demonstrates that the intelligence of the pigs is not the main tool through which they control the other animals of the farm because pigs do not produce anything that is beneficial for the animals of the farms.

Snowball’s greatest thought is the plan of building the windmill but it makes the animals lose several years for building it. The intelligence of the pigs used to exploit the lower creatures. Squealer utilizes his aptitude with words to give tricky clarifications for Napoleon’s falsehoods. Napoleon exhibits knowledge in preparing his dogs for security and this proves to be the only time when Napoleon shows his knowledge.

Simultaneously, Muriel and Benjamin are as proficient as the pigs yet never accomplish any force whatsoever. The lack of political force of Muriel and Benjamin proposes that it isn’t the knowledge of the pigs which gives them at the highest point of the chain of command, but it is their education with the mix of their manipulative power that gives them the highest ranks.

Animal Farm recommends that the genuine wellspring of intensity on the Farm might be Boxer. He is the person who fights the human farmer very bravely and defeats them exhibits that  Boxer could devastate the dogs of Napoleon. So the idea that some animals are more equal than the others is the unity of dogs and pigs in terms of their knowledge and manipulative power that gives them the autonomy of the farm.

Power Corrupts

Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely is reverberated all through Animal Farm. This novel shows that the battle for power is profoundly established in debasement. This is demonstrated by depicting that power can’t be achieved without it. Whenever a person achieves power and he tastes the power, he craves more and more power which creates a sense of superiority and manipulation of others in such a person.

These thoughts inalienably demonstrate that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely because power once achieved finds its sources of corruption itself.

The very first thing, Animal Farm shows that force can’t be accomplished without defilement. The characters that are aggressive and hungry for power are reflected through their utilization of corrupt intentions to raise their status.

In Animal Farm, we see this via Snowball’s persuasiveness in convincing the animals for the windmill but Napoleon stands up and nine dogs run straight to chase Snowball.

Through this utilization of striking symbolism, we see that Napoleon is making sure about force by dispensing his opposition through fierce methods instead of really substantiating himself as the more fitting competitor. Snowball is the predominant speaker and convinces the animals with his discourse for the windmill but Napoleon resorts to brutality to affirm his strength, demonstrating that force can’t be accomplished without defilement.

The need for debasement to accomplish power in Animal Farm is observed when the animals look outside where pigs play games with humans, they look at pigs and then at humans again they look at humans and then at pigs but there seems no difference in them.

Through the reiteration, we see that with regards to achieving power, the pigs are similarly overbearing as the people and that defilement is a typical factor between all figures hungry for power, including pigs and human beings. Subsequently, Animal Farm shows that force can’t be accomplished without debasement so power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.

Besides, the novel confirms that once power is tasted, the individual or organization pines for additional feel for more power. Force can’t be accomplished without debasement, so to gain more power would require higher defilement. Since they keep on longing for power that is more than they already have, defilement would increment until they effectively arrive at supreme force and outright debasement.

In Animal Farm, it is made a rule that pigs should be given respect and path when they meet the other animals on the way. Furthermore, all pigs, on Sundays, have the luxury to wear wearing green stripes on their tails. George Orwell delineates that as their control over the farm expands, the pigs become narrow-minded and make rules for personal benefits because they are hungry for power to have a higher status. This is also witnessed in the novel when the pigs announce that they are to live in the house of humans and wear clothes like humans. This is a clear indication of their show of status on Animal Farm.

Failure of the Farm

The social differences and class divisions in The Animal Farm cause its downfall. The pigs take the superior position on the farm because they are educated while the other animals are on the lower position because of their illiteracy. The classes have a difference in education which makes pigs thinkers while the other animals become the workers.

With an atmosphere of division into classes, the farm has to fail because there is weakness in the atmosphere of the farm as it lacks unity and equality. There is a very large group of animals and they are supposed to be stronger but the division of the animals makes them vulnerable and the plot of this novel showcases the class differences in the society of this farm.

“I will work hard” is one of the sayings that the animals usually chant. In spite of the fact that this statement is short, it says a great deal regarding the legislature of The Animal Farm. It depicts the residents of the farm as the regular workers buckling down for their administration. The animals work hard until they are unable to continue the work in the same fashion.

At the point when Old Major talks about the rebellion in the farm, he tells Boxer that the day his incredible muscles lose their capacity to work, Jones is going to offer him to the slaughter. This clarifies the functioning of The Animal Farm. Pigs who are the upper class bring an idea to the farm and the lower class of working animals are supposed to complete the idea.

While the pigs are blessed with the food, drinks and luxury, the rest of the animals are hand to mouth on the farm.  When the animals come to a stage of life where they are of no use, the pigs sell them and enjoy the whiskeys over the money received.

A case of class division in Animal Farm is seen in the issue of apples and milk. The pigs claim that the milk and apples should be stored for them only because they plan the functioning of the farm. When the animals want to protest Squealer says that the pigs do not like milk and apples but they are eating them because they want to remain healthy for the sake of the animals because they are only animals who are educated and can help the farm move ahead.

The pigs lie to the other animals and manipulate the innocent animals because they want to have these luxuries and at the same time they want to make the animals believe that pigs belong to the higher class. This clearly shows the air corruption and class division taking its roots in the animal farm.

Once Snowball is exiled from the farm by the political strategies and then the violent attack of Napoleon through his dogs, certain negative narratives are made after Snowball.  The news is spread that Snowball visits the farm frequently to make things wrong for the animal farm. 

It is accepted that Snowball has offered himself to Pinchfield farms and is trying to take revenge by taking control of the animal farm. Squealer and his allies make the animals believe that Snowball is a traitor. Squealer convinces the animals that Snowball is on the side of the humans and he has cheated them in the Battle of Cowshed by acting on the signals of Mr. Jones. By this announcement, the privileged class exploits the lower class by targeting their weakness. This propaganda is also harmful to the reign of Napoleon towards the end.

After the publicly killing of four pigs, three sheep, three hens, and a goose, the residents of the animal farm realize that something is going wrong with the sixth commandments.  They come to know that the sixth commandment of Animalism is changed from No Animal shall kill any other animal to no animal shall kill any other animals without a cause. 

The animals do not remember these two words at the end of the sixth commandment but when they read it they believe that Napoleon does not go in contradiction to the commandments of Animalism. This is another case of the propaganda of Napoleon which conveyed to degenerate the psyches of the lower class animals.

Thus, this shows that the animal farm which is established to function as a unit of equal animals and the motive of the rebellion is to make all the animals equal by giving them equality is foreshadowed by class differences. The leaders, pigs, exploit the working class, animals, for their personal gains. This makes Animal Farm a failed state.

Propaganda as a tool for exploitation

George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a moral story for the Russian Revolution. In this novel, the pigs take control through numerous propagandist methods.

Under the reign of Stalin in Russia, the government abused general society through the compelling utilization of publicity, making the lives of the masses miserable. Individuals in communist states are defenseless against administrative control since they surrender individual belongings and individual opportunities, following their leaders blindly who exploit them.

Thus, in Orwell’s Animal Farm where animals take control of the far and set their own state in function. Napoleon, a pig, and his main propagandist, Squealer, subdue the animals completely. The use of propaganda by various characters reflects Russia in the reign of Stalin’s imperious guideline.

Both these take control through various techniques with the help of propaganda. Orwell`s focal message is that in a communist state the masses are controlled and this gives them the power to manipulate these masses.

In this novel, the characters chant various slogans to embed messages into the brains and hearts of the animals of the farm. The use of slogans by propagandists is to spellbind and motivate the crowd.

Napoleon uses these slogans to overwhelm the contentions made by Snowball or to change the subject when animals of the farm start to scrutinize his authenticity. Squealer deliberately makes the sheep intrude in Snowball’s discourses at various times in the contention with this apparent animalist trademark.

Although the sheep perform well, they are not aware that Squealer is manipulating them, too. With this example, Orwell exhibits that slogans are effective and dangerous instruments to manipulate the lower classes by the superior class. The slogans of Squealer go deep into the heart of Boxer, who frequently murmurs ground-breaking slogans to persuade himself and his friends. His avocation, that, if friend Napoleon said something, it must be valid, represents how a powerful figure is followed by the followers.

Generally, he turns into Squealer`s pawn. Since Squealer can’t reach everywhere anytime, he abuses Boxer’s numbness and reliability to certify Napoleon’s concern for animals of the farm. Fighter does this subliminally; he controls the animals for Napoleon without being aware of it. Through this Orwell suggests that the use of slogans by characters without any resistance spread the ideas very quickly.

In Animal Farm, Orwell utilizes Napoleon and Squealer to show another viable propagandist procedure: speaking to fear. This dread convinces the majority to follow the instructions of the pigs.

This fear is more openly spread on the farm by the dogs of Napoleon. At the point when Napoleon needs to remove Snowball, he takes help of the dogs. These dogs then bark on the animals that are planning to show any sort of resistance. This use of force is successful to control the animals to follow the leadership of Napoleon. Squealer uses progressively incendiary types of speaking to control these animals on the farm.

At the point when the condition requires a milder methodology, Squealer utilizes mental dread. Squealer abuses the animals through the fear of Jones that life remained miserable in his leadership. He makes the animals believe that if they do not follow Napoleon, Jones might return. Thus this threat of fear gives more power to pigs in the novel.

Orwell’s allegorical story Animal farm for the Russian Revolution shows how the viable utilization of propaganda empowers the hazardous control of the majority. In communism, everything is in control of government so the masses are vulnerable to the moves and instincts of governments. These classes who exploit: use propaganda to exploit the masses.

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Allegory in Arthur Millers The Crucible

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Published: Mar 5, 2024

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Animal Farm

The crucible.

What is the appropriateness of the title of the ply the crucible

A crucible in science is a container that is used to heat up objects inside. The town serves as the crucible that allows its inhabitants to be "heated" to their breaking point.

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Corruption of Power in texts The Godfather, The Crucible, Akira, Animal Farm

The corruption of power, or the power of corruption is a common theme found in texts of many different types of media and in many societies and cultures around the world. In the texts I have selected, I have come to the conclusion that, all characters in the pursuit of power are corrupt. In the texts I have selected, which include, The Crucible, The Godfather, Animal Farm and Akira, the portrayal of corruption is closely linked to that of power. How is corruption of power shown/represented in the texts?

Lord Acton, a key influence on this essay, once said, All too frequently men with the mentality of gangsters get control. This quote could hold no more relevance to any other text than that of The Godfather. In The Godfather the story revolves around that of Michael Coleone, and his rise to power as the head of a the family, a gang that deals in various underground activities. Michaels character undergoes a dramatic development as the film goes on. At the beginning of the film we can see that Michael appears to be a moral and upright character.

He is a war hero, and is not involved in anyway with the family business. However as the film progresses, and Michael stats gaining power in the family, he becomes more amoral, firstly killing Sollozzo, a gangster who attempted to take Michaels father, Vito Corleones, life. At this sudden and dramatic change in character Michael justifies his revenge saying, Its not personal, Sonny. It's strictly business. The term, just business is used throughout the film to justify corrupt behaviour, immediately associating the character as materialistic and amoral.

The film hence suggests that Michael, perhaps like all of us, always had the potential to be materialistic, (and therefore amoral,)but did not previously hold a position that enabled him to commit any acts or corruption or evil. This corruption is also evident Animal Farm, where the pigs, and more specifically Napoleon, strive for power as a means to commit acts of corruption. Here, however, the initial motivation is the inverse, and yet the same of what we see in the Godfather. Where Michael uses corruption to achieve power, Napoleon uses power as a means to commit selfish act of corruption.

Napoleon and Snowball, two authoritative pigs assume leadership over the farm. However corruption soon becomes evident as Napoleon exiles Snowball, through a long setup plan, in order to gain full control of the farm. Just the fact that Napoleon assumed leadership and had an agenda proves that he was corrupt before he gained power. Napoleon being the only leader almost immediately becomes dictator and inevitably sets up a bureaucracy, which goes against the most important rule of Animalism, All animals are equal.

So as Napoleon assumes full power, his corruption materialises, as he has no opposition to challenge him. In The Crucible too we can see that when absolute power is attained absolute corruption is gained. Powerful characters are always evil. Danforth and Abigail, the two best examples are both willing to kill in order to get what they want. For Abigail, he object of desire is Proctor, and she is willing to kill Elizabeth. While Danforth will do everything he can to protect the power he holds, allowing innocent people to be hung when he knows that the girls are lying.

The characters Hale and Proctor both give up their position of power to do the right thing. Proctor for example repents and admits to adultery in order to prove to the court the grudge Abigail holds against Elizabeth. So within the play corruption is therefore represented as power itself; those who hold power, to put it bluntly are corrupt. In Akira however, corruption exists in all if not most characters. A clear sign of corruption in the movie is through the use of violence.

Characters such as Kaneda who from the beginning use violence are seen as corrupt, and as we see Tetsuos character develop he becomes more and more violent, firstly beating people, then eventually killing them. Gentle or passive characters on the other hand are much more pure and, represent the good guy. We can see that as Kaneda attempts to kill Tetsuo he achieves nothing but to further enrage him and cause more destruction, but as Kaneda becomes sympathetic towards Tetsuo eventually trying to save him, he is rewarded by surviving the explosion that destroys Tokyo.

What was the context in which the text was created. How does it affect the way corruption of power is portrayed? Context plays an important role in all texts, specifically in those that are allegorical, and represent reality at the time in which they were made. For example the book, Animal Farm and the play, The Crucible both are metaphorical and allegorical and both are critical reviews on an event or person at the time. In Animal Farm the protagonists are metaphorical, or rather allegorical representations of key political figures at the time.

For example the character of Napoleon is Stalin in reality, while the character of Snowball is Trotsky. Both were communist revolutionaries, but both had different contradicting views on Marxist theory. The text therefore portrays Napoleon in exactly the same way as Stalin, making the character commit acts that were parallel to that of Stalins. Such as the exile of Snowball/ Trotsky, and the execution of many suspected soviet/animal enemies. In The Crucible too we can see a direct representation of corruption, as the text is metaphorical of the McCarthy trials in the 1950s.

The character of Danforth, while not directly parallel like Stalin/Napoleon, has many similarities to the U. S senator McCarthy. Much like in the McCarthy trials characters in the crucible use hysteria and jurisdiction to charge rivals with crimes they did not commit. McCarthy used charges of communism against many of his opponents inside and outside of office, in the same way that characters such as Abigail used charges of witchcraft against her rival Elizabeth. Again time period plays an important factor in the portrayal of corruption.

We can see that in The Godfather 1972, corruption is portrayed as one and the same thing as materialism. Vito Corleone, who is the original head of the family, may be a mob boss, but he is viewed as a moral upright character. This is because of the humanity and sense of justice that he carries with him. The opening scene of the film has the character Bonasera asking Vito to kill two boys who abused his daughter, I ask you for justice, but Vito replies, That is not justice. Your daughter is alive. Unlike almost ll the other mobsters in the film, Vito never uses the phrase just business, this emphasises yet again the humanity of his character, and contrasts with Michael and the other gangsters materialistic values. For example when one of the Corleone gangsters kill a mole within the family, he comments soon after saying, Leave the gun. Take the cannoli. This quote shows how irrelevant human life is compared to material wealth, as the killer pays no notice, let alone respect to the dead. The film is therefore a negative review on American society, and its capitalistic or materialistic values at the time.

Akira is also an important text in relation to a culture or society. It is different from the other texts I have studied because being made in Japan, it is not western. This is an important fact, as we might not notice but western films are very biblical and often justify the use of violence for the good guys to defeat the bad guys. In western film evil is often much more of an external force than what we find in Japanese film. This is related to the fact that Buddhism being a major religion in Japan, influences a lot of media.

Much like in The Godfather materialism is seen as evil, but the main indicator for corrupt characters in Akira is violence. All characters who commit violence are immediately considered corrupt, however these characters can be forgiven very easily by simply changing their ways and becoming more moral. What comparisons can we make between the portrayals of John Dalberg-Actons standpoint on corruption of power in the texts? What differences are there? In all the texts, those who strive for power are evil. Power is seen as a means to carry out the selfish and generally immoral goals of a character, and that is why it is valued.

In The Crucible, Danforth commits evil deeds in order to stay in power. He and the other ministers recognise that the girls are lying, but if they admit they were wrong, their power will be undermined. In one particular scene Hale tries to convince Danforth to postpone if not cancel the hangings, as the girls are strongly suspected of lying, but Danforth replies saying, Twelve are already executed; the names these seven are given out, and the village expects to see them die this morning. Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprive or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died until now.

At the risk of losing authority Danforth is willing to sacrifice numerous lives in order to keep his position of power, he is therefore seen as extremely selfish and corrupt character. Abigail we can see is clearly corrupt even before she holds any power. After the girls are caught dancing in the forest, Abigail threatens them saying, We danced. That is all, and mark this, if anyone breathe a word or the edge of a word about the other things, I will come to you in the black of some terrible night, and I will bring with me a pointy reckoning that will shudder you!

The Crucible does however fail to show any moral or even ethical characters develop into dishonest corrupt ones. Nevertheless we do see characters such as Hale and Proctor throw away their power and reputation, for the right thing. This nevertheless emphasises my point, as ultimately in the crucible no moral figures can have any authority. Hale starts the play being amoral, or rather naive, but by the end is willing to throw away his reputation in order to save those he has damned. He confesses to witchcraft in an attempt to convince the judged to do the same, therefore saving their lives, he says, I come to do the devils work.

I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves . . . can you not see the blood on my head! In Animal Farm, one clear difference we can see from the other studied texts, is that Napoleon, the head pig has an agenda from early on. This serves to emphasise my point that characters that seek power are inherently corrupt. However Animal Farm may go as far to say that, Napoleon underwent little to no transformation in character at all. He took the potion of leadership so that he could set his plans in motion.

In The Godfather it is less strongly suggested as it is in the other texts that the corrupted character was in fact corrupt to begin with. However if we re-examine the portrayal of corruption, which in this case is materialism, we can still use this text to support my theory. We as the audience first see that Michael is corrupt when his materialistic views are made noticed. Before he even gains any power, he offers to kill Sollozzo an enemy to the family, for business, Michael is then instantly seen as an amoral character, as he much like many of the other gangsters are very aterialistic. Michael later becomes more and more materialistic, and therefore becomes more corrupt. As we can see through the numerous killings he orders, including the death of his brother in law, and the casino owner Moe Greene who previously refused to sell Michael his casino. In the texts we can see that any character that seeks power, does so as it allows them to commit acts of corruption. In a text like the Crucible, it has even gone as far to say that those in power must be corrupt, and that moral leaders cannot exist if they have power.

Those who are moral and hold power, forfeit their power out of selflessness, while those who retain or seek out power do it for selfish means. 

Author: Cody Owens

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• ADVANCED ENGLISH: The Crucible and Animal Farm Comparative Essay

Author Topic: ADVANCED ENGLISH: The Crucible and Animal Farm Comparative Essay  (Read 2387 times)

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xxxonakillstreak

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Re: ADVANCED ENGLISH: The Crucible and Animal Farm Comparative Essay

Hi, I have read your essay. I felt like the expression was generally quite good and the ideas were easy to understand. However, i felt that the punctuation could be improved and the linking could be better. I did the crucible for power and politics last year. Here is more detailed feedback: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EzuW8pATyH_ZCGA5czaNx8foNmVqgHdJikv7tK7tKW8/edit?usp=sharing Hope that helps.

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The Battle of Saratoga: a Pivotal Turning Point in the American Revolution

This essay about the Battle of Saratoga highlights the pivotal conflict in the American Revolutionary War. It explores the strategic maneuvers of British General John Burgoyne and American General Horatio Gates, emphasizing the significant roles played by American patriots. The text describes key battles, the turning tide against the British, and the crucial leadership of Benedict Arnold. The surrender of Burgoyne’s army is noted as a major victory that shifted the war’s balance and garnered international support for the American cause, underscoring the enduring legacy of sacrifice and heroism.

How it works

In the grand tapestry of history, there lies a thread woven with the valor of those who dared to challenge the established order and carve out their own destiny. Among the chronicles of bravery and defiance, one story shines particularly bright—the saga of the Battle of Saratoga. Set amidst the rugged beauty of upstate New York, this pivotal conflict would not only secure a vital triumph for the burgeoning American forces but also alter the trajectory of the Revolutionary War in unforeseen ways.

The year was 1777, and the American colonies simmered with discontent under the oppressive rule of the British Crown. From the quaint villages to the bustling cities, whispers of rebellion filled the air, fueled by a fervent desire for self-governance and freedom from tyranny. Into this maelstrom of unrest strode General John Burgoyne, his eyes set on the prize of Albany as he led a formidable British force southward from Canada. Yet, little did he know that the hills of Saratoga would be his crucible.

Opposing Burgoyne’s advance stood an eclectic mix of American patriots, their ranks filled with farmers, tradesmen, and seasoned soldiers alike. Under the command of the stalwart General Horatio Gates, this diverse army braced itself for the coming storm, their spirits undaunted by the overwhelming might of the British Empire. For them, Saratoga was more than just a battlefield—it was a proving ground for the ideals of liberty and independence.

As the clash of arms reverberated through the countryside, the verdant fields of Saratoga became a stage for heroism and sacrifice. From the opening skirmishes at Freeman’s Farm to the decisive engagements at Bemis Heights, the fate of nations hung in the balance as musket fire filled the air and cannon roared in defiance. In the midst of this chaos, the resilience of both sides was tested to its limits, as each fought tooth and nail for supremacy on the battlefield.

But it was not merely the clash of steel and gunpowder that would shape the outcome of Saratoga. In the heart of the fray stood men like Benedict Arnold, whose audacious leadership and unwavering courage would tip the scales of history in favor of the American cause. Leading daring charges and rallying his comrades to the fight, Arnold became a symbol of defiance in the face of overwhelming odds, his name forever etched in the annals of American heroism.

As the days turned into weeks and the casualties mounted on both sides, the tide of battle slowly began to turn against Burgoyne and his beleaguered army. Cut off from reinforcements and running low on supplies, the British found themselves hemmed in on all sides, their dreams of victory fading like mist in the morning sun. And when the final blow came at the hands of Gates’ resurgent forces, it sent shockwaves through the corridors of power in London and reverberated across the Atlantic.

The surrender of Burgoyne and his army marked a seismic shift in the balance of power, emboldening the American cause and attracting international support from the likes of France. For the first time, the colonists had proven themselves capable of standing toe-to-toe with the might of the British Empire and emerging victorious—a feat that would reverberate through the halls of history for generations to come.

But amidst the triumph and glory, the legacy of Saratoga is a reminder of the human cost of war. The blood-soaked fields and shattered lives serve as a testament to the sacrifices made by those who fought and died for the cause of freedom, their courage and resilience an inspiration to all who cherish the ideals of liberty and justice.

Today, as we look back on the Battle of Saratoga, let us not only remember the valor of those who fought on both sides but also heed the lessons of history. For in the crucible of conflict, we find the true measure of the human spirit—the capacity for bravery in the face of adversity, the resilience to endure in the darkest of times, and the unshakeable belief in the righteousness of our cause. As we strive to build a better world for future generations, may we draw inspiration from the heroes of Saratoga and carry forth their legacy with pride and honor.

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The Battle of Saratoga: A Pivotal Turning Point in the American Revolution. (2024, May 21). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/the-battle-of-saratoga-a-pivotal-turning-point-in-the-american-revolution/

"The Battle of Saratoga: A Pivotal Turning Point in the American Revolution." PapersOwl.com , 21 May 2024, https://papersowl.com/examples/the-battle-of-saratoga-a-pivotal-turning-point-in-the-american-revolution/

PapersOwl.com. (2024). The Battle of Saratoga: A Pivotal Turning Point in the American Revolution . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/the-battle-of-saratoga-a-pivotal-turning-point-in-the-american-revolution/ [Accessed: 22 May. 2024]

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"The Battle of Saratoga: A Pivotal Turning Point in the American Revolution," PapersOwl.com , 21-May-2024. [Online]. Available: https://papersowl.com/examples/the-battle-of-saratoga-a-pivotal-turning-point-in-the-american-revolution/. [Accessed: 22-May-2024]

PapersOwl.com. (2024). The Battle of Saratoga: A Pivotal Turning Point in the American Revolution . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/the-battle-of-saratoga-a-pivotal-turning-point-in-the-american-revolution/ [Accessed: 22-May-2024]

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