journal of dairy research

Journal of Dairy Research

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• Animal Science and Zoology
• Food Science
• Medicine (miscellaneous)

Cambridge University Press

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00220299, 14697629

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Journal of Dairy Science Launches Loyalty Program

As of january 2024, the journal of dairy science is re-introducing a loyalty rewards program to give back to its thriving journal community, lower the barriers to academic publishing, and provide tangible benefits to the authors and reviewers who make jds a stable pillar of the dairy sector and scientific community..

Dynamic microbial and metabolic changes during Apulian Caciocavallo cheese-making and ripening produced according to a standardized protocol

Combining reproductive outcomes predictors and automated estrus alerts recorded during the voluntary waiting period identified subgroups of cows with different reproductive performance potential

Exploring the cause of reduced production responses to feeding corn dried distillers' grains in lactating dairy cows

The ovarian function and endocrine phenotypes of lactating dairy cows during the estrous cycle were associated with genomic-enhanced predictions of fertility potential

Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy

Physicochemical properties of micellar casein retentates generated at different microfiltration temperatures

Synthesis of milk components involves different mammary metabolism adaptations in response to net energy and protein supplies in dairy cows.

Economic benefits of herd genotyping and using sexed semen for pure and beef-on-dairy breeding in dairy herds

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Journal of dairy science.

The official journal of the  American Dairy Science Association Opens in new window ,  Journal of Dairy Science  (JDS) is the leading general dairy research journal in the world. JDS readers represent education, industry, and government agencies in more than 70 countries with interests in biochemistry, breeding, economics, engineering, environment, food science, genetics, microbiology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, processing, public health, quality assurance, and sanitation.

The  American Dairy Science Association® Opens in new window  (ADSA®) is an international organization of educators, scientists and industry representatives who are committed to advancing the dairy industry and keenly aware of the vital role the dairy sciences play in fulfilling the economic, nutritive and health requirements of the world's population. It provides leadership in scientific and technical support to sustain and grow the global dairy industry through generation, dissemination and exchange of information and services. Together, ADSA members have discovered new methods and technologies that have revolutionized the dairy industry.

FASS  specializes in providing services to science-focused organizations, allowing them to function more efficiently as a group than as individual units. FASS promotes education and research by bringing together scientists and educators in animal agriculture and facilitating the dissemination of scientific and technical information to users through publications and scientific meetings. Through the FASS Science Policy Committee (SPC), FASS advocates for science-based policy making, increased funding for animal agriculture research, and the importance of animal science and animal scientists in ensuring humane, sustainable, profitable and safe animal food production. FASS holds 501(c)(3) non-profit status.

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Cornell University is measuring animal-borne gases. Here's how it can help the climate

Cornell University’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences recently celebrated the opening of its latest leap toward creating environmental sustainability for the dairy industry: a suite of respiration chambers that will allow researchers to measure all gas emissions from animals in a controlled environment, and support research which aims to make a more sustainable and productive dairy industry globally.

The four chambers are the only set of their kind operating in the United States, and will allow university researchers to measure and monitor the emission of methane and other gases from cows, giving them a basis to reduce future methane output, a main component behind greenhouse gas emissions , a leading cause of climate change and global warming, officials said.

Construction of the four respiration chambers – which cost about $2 million in total -- was supported by Cargill, Genesee Valley Regional Market Authority, and Balchem Corporation.

Why measure animal-borne gases?

Joseph W. McFadden, an associate professor in the university’s Department of Animal Science, said university researchers have been testing different types of cattle feed additives, with the goal of inhibiting methanogenesis – the production of a gas known as methane in the metabolism – amongst its herds.

“Every country typically has a set or two, and they're all a little different,” McFadden said Thursday. “In the US, there are a lot of head boxes, but this allows you to study total emissions in a controlled climate, which is very unique.”

“Methane is pretty potent relative to CO2, depending on what increment of time you look at,” McFadden continued. “It can be 28 times more potent on a 20-year scale or 80 times more potent on a 20-year scale. The benefit is that methane’s short lived, so once it’s in our atmosphere, it only lasts for about 12 years or so, so if you can reduce methane now, its probably the fastest way to slow global warming.”

The university’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, alongside university veterinarians, vet all work involving animals at the college to ensure that no animals incur any stress or injuries as a result of the research.

Benjamin Houlton, Dean of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University, saw the chambers as an integral part of the college’s commitment to making the world a better place for the public, and looked hopefully toward a future with zero-emissions cows.

“We need to create climate-smart vehicles that are zero-emissions, and Joe’s approach here will allow us to hopefully create someday zero-emission cows.” Houlton said. “This is a historic watershed moment in the college where we are taking the climate challenge head on, making sure its science-based.

“Our job is to de-risk a lot of these innovations before our farmers need to adopt the technologies,” he continued. “Our job is to make sure we’re sending them the right science-based information to meet these climate goals and hopefully benefit the entire planet.”

Lowest methane produced per gallon of milk

McFadden said that the United States leads the world in efficient milk production, boasting the lowest methane produced per gallon of milk.

“Keep in mind, in the U.S there was about 25 million dairy cows about 67 years ago, now there are only about 9 million,” McFadden said. “We made more milk per cow, and we also made healthier animals with high genetic merit from the opening. It’s all about genetics, management, and nutrition. With those three things combined, we sometimes call our cows athletes.”

Improving nutritional software

According to the Cornell Chronicle , the chambers will also be used to improve Cornell’s nutrition modeling software called the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System, which has been used to formulate diets for about 70% of North America’s lactating cattle.

“I think this is the cutting edge of where the industry is going,” said Houlton said. “It’s sustainable, profitable with new revenue streams, and its climate resilient which means the animals can withstand some of the devastating impacts we’re seeing, but we have to bend the warming curve to buy us time, and methane is by far the best strategy to do it.”

Houlton said one of the goals of McFadden’s research is to allow farmers to be paid for their carbon services and create a broader and more sustainable dairy market.

McFadden also mentioned that the university is currently identifying breeds from South Asia to weed out naturally low-emitting cow breeds, with the goal of “enhancing their gene pools” (likely through selective breeding) to create inherently low-emission cows.

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Archbold-alltech research alliance results confirm environmental benefits of grazing ruminants.

Alltech and Archbold formed a strategic research alliance in 2019 to jointly develop beef management approaches, specifically to increase the quality and quantity of beef produced in subtropical regions while maintaining and enhancing the environment. The Archbold–Alltech Alliance brought together scientists from two different disciplines — ecologists from Archbold and ruminant nutritionists from Alltech — to understand the impact that cattle production at Archbold’s Buck Island Ranch has on the ecosystem and the ability to sequester carbon.

Over the past five years, the research alliance has created a model for estimating the ranch’s carbon footprint — and the results have been astounding. On average, Buck Island Ranch sequesters more carbon each year than it emits. It is a net-carbon sink.

This research shows that grazing ruminant animals on land benefits the environment and improves carbon cycling. The results confirm that carbon-neutral — and even net-positive — beef production is possible at Buck Island Ranch, a 10,500-acre ranch in Lake Placid, Florida, and that same potential likely extends to environments around the world.

To showcase the work taking place at the Buck Island Ranch, the Archbold-Alltech Alliance have released a six-part Planet of Plenty™ video series that explores the cattle grazing carbon cycle, the role of carbon sequestration in mitigating climate change and other insights the collaborative research alliance has unveiled.

“This research alliance brings together scientists from several disciplines to collaborate on climate-change solutions and demonstrate agriculture’s great potential to positively shape the future of our planet,” said Dr. Mark Lyons, president and CEO of Alltech. “These exciting findings at Archbold’s Buck Island Ranch prove that we capture more carbon when cows are grazing the land. That is profoundly powerful.”

“Every year, we sequester 1,201 tons of CO2 equivalent at Archbold’s Buck Island Ranch and all of this work is scalable to other parts of the world,” said Dr. Betsey Boughton, director of agroecology at Archbold. “The narrative people have heard is that cows are bad for the environment, but grazing animals can actually change the function of grasslands. Cows are eating the grass and not allowing as much decomposition to happen on the ground. Without cows, we actually see more carbon emitted.”

“We’re trying to let people know that it is not just this black and white answer,” she added. “It is complicated, and we need to think about the whole story.”

Though it is a complex issue, the research has shown that agriculture can be one of the most powerful weapons in the fight against climate change.

This collaboration has discovered a deeper understanding of the grazing-cattle carbon cycle, one that is not solely focused on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the animal but also on natural GHG emissions from the land and the sequestration of carbon in the soil. Discussions around GHGs and global warming often center around agriculture emissions, but it is important to think beyond emissions and look at the full cycle.

The soil’s ability to sequester carbon is a critical part of the story. Alltech Crop Science and Ideagro , which joined the Alltech family of companies in 2023, are studying how microbial populations can enrich soil chemistry and nutrient density, leading to increased carbon sequestration in the soil. The potential to capture carbon in the soil presents a significant opportunity for the agri-food community to embrace its critical role in combatting climate change while simultaneously improving soil health, boosting crop yields and promoting biodiversity.

For more information and to watch the six-part Planet of Plenty™ video series, visit https://www.alltech.com/planet-of-plenty/stories/video/can-cattle-combat-climate-change .

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This growing beef-on-dairy health problem is costing packers two major things – time and money.

Cash cattle markets edged lower and while wholesale beef and futures markets were mixed. Cattle on Feed totals were up for the seventh consecutive month and placements lower than expected.

While the heifer percentage in feedlots remains above the average of the past ten years, the decline from January to April is an encouraging sign that heifer feeding is perhaps slowing.

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What’s the Best Way to Treat I.B.S.?

A new study suggests that certain dietary changes may be more effective than medication.

By Alice Callahan

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common and perplexing conditions gastroenterologists treat. It affects an estimated 6 percent of people in the United States, with more women diagnosed than men, and causes symptoms so debilitating they can be hard to ignore, including abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea and constipation.

Scientists don’t know exactly what causes I.B.S., and there is no cure , so the condition is often difficult to manage.

But a new study , published today in the journal The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, offers clues for how best to find relief.

What is I.B.S.? How is it usually treated?

The telltale symptoms of I.B.S. are chronic abdominal pain, along with diarrhea, constipation or both, said Dr. Brian Lacy, a gastroenterologist at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla. Bloating is also a common complaint, he said.

Treatments often include managing the symptoms with changes to your diet or taking medications , which can include over-the-counter laxatives and antidiarrheals; certain antidepressants; and other prescription medications, like linaclotide and lubiprostone, both of which can increase fluid in the gut and the movements of your intestines. Yet few studies have examined whether dietary changes or medications are best for relief.

The most robust research available on dietary strategies has found that following a low-FODMAP diet — which involves avoiding foods like wheat-based products, legumes, some nuts, certain sweeteners, most dairy products and many fruits and vegetables — can reduce I.B.S. symptoms in most people, said Dr. William Chey, a gastroenterologist at Michigan Medicine.

But a low-FODMAP diet is challenging to follow; it’s restrictive and requires carefully reintroducing foods to identify the ones you can’t tolerate, Dr. Chey said.

Some research also supports simpler dietary tweaks, such as eating more slowly; having regular, smaller and more frequent meals; and limiting coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, alcohol and fatty or spicy foods, said Sanna Nybacka, a dietitian and postdoctoral researcher at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, who led the new study.

After noticing that some of their patients also found relief with a low-carbohydrate diet, Dr. Nybacka and her colleagues decided to develop a trial to compare several treatment options.

What did the new study find?

The trial, conducted at a hospital clinic in Sweden, included 241 women and 53 men with moderate to severe I.B.S. The participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups for four weeks.

In the “medication” group, researchers gave each of the participants one of eight I.B.S. medications based on their main symptoms, Dr. Nybacka said. If their primary complaint was constipation, for example, the researchers gave them a laxative called sterculia; if their main symptom was diarrhea, they gave them an antidiarrheal called loperamide (also sold as Imodium).

A second group was given groceries and recipes to help them follow a low-FODMAP diet, which included foods like rice, potatoes, quinoa, wheat-free bread, lactose-free dairy products, fish, eggs, chicken, beef and various fruits and vegetables. Dr. Nybacka said they were also encouraged to eat slowly, have regular, small meals, and limit other foods and drinks that could trigger symptoms.

The last group received groceries and recipes to follow a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, which focused on foods like beef, pork, chicken, fish, eggs, cheese, yogurt, vegetables, nuts and berries.

After four weeks, 76 percent of those in the low-FODMAP group and 71 percent of those in the low-carbohydrate group reported significant reductions in their I.B.S. symptoms; 58 percent of those in the medication group reported significant improvements, too. Among all participants who noticed improvements, those in the diet groups reported much greater symptom relief than those in the medication group, Dr. Nybacka said.

Because the low-FODMAP diet had been considered the most effective diet for managing I.B.S., Dr. Nybacka said she was surprised to find that the low-carbohydrate diet had worked essentially as well.

When she checked on the participants during the trial, one from the low-FODMAP group cried when she described how much better she felt on the diet. Another in the low-carbohydrate group said she “never in her life had felt so good in her stomach,” Dr. Nybacka said.

After the four weeks, some participants continued taking the medications and following the dietary guidance. And at six months, the participants in the diet groups still had fewer symptoms than they did at the start of the trial, even though most of them did not stick as closely to the diets. Many also told the researchers that they would return to the stricter version of the diets if their symptoms worsened, Dr. Nybacka said.

What’s the bottom line?

Dr. Chey said the study was well done and provided “real data” to support what many doctors have observed: That “diet therapy is at least as good and probably better” than medication, he said.

But the trial had some limitations. Because it was conducted on a relatively small group of people at just one medical center in Sweden, it will need to be replicated with larger and more diverse groups of people, he said.

It is also possible that the trial underestimated the value of medications. Some I.B.S. drugs may need to be taken for more than four weeks before they provide a full benefit, said Dr. Lin Chang, a gastroenterologist at U.C.L.A. Health. And some medications, such as plecanatide, tenapanor and rifaximin, which can be effective for some people and are available in the United States, were not included in the study, she said. So it’s hard to make a blanket statement about how effective all medications are.

For some, a combination of diet and medication may work best, Dr. Chang said, but that wasn’t tested in this study.

The researchers also gave the trial participants a lot of support in adopting the diets, so it’s unclear if everyone trying them on their own will have the same success, Dr. Nybacka said.

Still, the findings confirm that dietary changes can be an important option for treating I.B.S., Dr. Chey added.

People should talk with their doctors before adopting either diet, Dr. Nybacka said. In the trial, there was a small increase in blood cholesterol levels among participants in the low-carbohydrate group, suggesting a reason for caution for those at risk of heart disease, Dr. Nybacka said. And both the low-carbohydrate and low-FODMAP diets can be quite restrictive, Dr. Chey said, and may not be appropriate for those who have or are at risk of developing an eating disorder.

But for everyone else, it can be encouraging to know that you can manage your symptoms simply “by eating differently,” Dr. Nybacka said. The more researchers learn about which diets work best for people with I.B.S., she said, the better.

Alice Callahan is a Times reporter covering nutrition and health. She has a Ph.D. in nutrition from the University of California, Davis. More about Alice Callahan

Cornell emissions chambers, rookie playoff goals, unpaid tolls and acknowledging Earth

Good morning ☀️

It’s Tuesday again, so I’m taking some time to see how many Ithacans chose to honor our planet over the weekend.

If someone forwarded this to you, click the sign-up link here for more updates and don’t forget to spread the word to anyone else who might enjoy giving it a read.

Without further ado, here's a look at the latest addition to Cornell’s large animal research tools.

Why is Cornell measuring cow burps?

Cornell University’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences recently celebrated the opening of its latest leap toward creating environmental sustainability for the dairy industry: a suite of respiration chambers that will allow researchers to measure all gas emissions from animals in a controlled environment, and support research which aims to make a more sustainable and productive dairy industry globally.

The four chambers are the only set of their kind operating in the United States, and will allow university researchers to measure and monitor the emission of methane and other gases from cows, giving them a basis to reduce future methane output, a main component behind  greenhouse gas emissions , a leading cause of climate change and global warming, officials said.

Other recent bovine discoveries at Cornell include a strain of bird flu that infected some cattle in six states .

Learn more about the emissions measuring chambers at Cornell here.

Here’s some more of what you need to know today

Lansing High and Cornell University graduate to wrestle in Paris Olympics: Kyle Drake earned his spot in the Paris Olympics this year, competing mere days after the recent death of his father, according to 14850.com . Learn about Drake and his upcoming Olympic competition here.

Emira native scores first playoff goal with Bruins: Johnny Beecher’s rookie season kicked off to an awesome start . He scored less than 3 minutes into the Bruins Saturday game against the Toronto Maple Leafs.

As unpaid NY thruway tolls surge, some drivers are resorting to tricks to dodge fines: Some are crude. Some are costly. Some are clever. Learn more about ballooning toll evasion in this article by Thomas Zambito.

Hello, world! 🌎

I know it’s not my usual Tuesday send off, but I couldn't help but highlight this awesome community idea that the folks at Story House Ithaca had over the weekend.

The non-profit set up a table on the Ithaca Commons for Earth Day this past weekend, and asked passersby to grab a card and write a note to the planet. Here are some of my favorites.

Get a deeper look at what Ithaca had to say to the planet this Earth Day on the Story House website, linked here.

That’s about it for me today, check your inbox tomorrow for more updates.

Feel free to reach out to me at [email protected] for any comments, questions, or concerns about this newsletter.

This article originally appeared on Ithaca Journal: Cornell emissions chambers, rookie playoff goals, unpaid tolls and acknowledging Earth