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7 Research-Based Reasons Why Students Should Not Have Homework: Academic Insights, Opposing Perspectives & Alternatives

In recent years, the question of why students should not have homework has become a topic of intense debate among educators, parents, and students themselves. This discussion stems from a growing body of research that challenges the traditional view of homework as an essential component of academic success. The notion that homework is an integral part of learning is being reevaluated in light of new findings about its effectiveness and impact on students’ overall well-being.

The push against homework is not just about the hours spent on completing assignments; it’s about rethinking the role of education in fostering the well-rounded development of young individuals. Critics argue that homework, particularly in excessive amounts, can lead to negative outcomes such as stress, burnout, and a diminished love for learning. Moreover, it often disproportionately affects students from disadvantaged backgrounds, exacerbating educational inequities. The debate also highlights the importance of allowing children to have enough free time for play, exploration, and family interaction, which are crucial for their social and emotional development.

Checking 13yo’s math homework & I have just one question. I can catch mistakes & help her correct. But what do kids do when their parent isn’t an Algebra teacher? Answer: They get frustrated. Quit. Get a bad grade. Think they aren’t good at math. How is homework fair??? — Jay Wamsted (@JayWamsted) March 24, 2022

As we delve into this discussion, we explore various facets of why reducing or even eliminating homework could be beneficial. We consider the research, weigh the pros and cons, and examine alternative approaches to traditional homework that can enhance learning without overburdening students.

Once you’ve finished this article, you’ll know:

Insights from Teachers and Education Industry Experts →
7 Reasons Why Students Should Not Have Homework →
Opposing Views on Homework Practices →
Exploring Alternatives to Homework →

Insights from Teachers and Education Industry Experts: Diverse Perspectives on Homework

In the ongoing conversation about the role and impact of homework in education, the perspectives of those directly involved in the teaching process are invaluable. Teachers and education industry experts bring a wealth of experience and insights from the front lines of learning. Their viewpoints, shaped by years of interaction with students and a deep understanding of educational methodologies, offer a critical lens through which we can evaluate the effectiveness and necessity of homework in our current educational paradigm.

Check out this video featuring Courtney White, a high school language arts teacher who gained widespread attention for her explanation of why she chooses not to assign homework.

Here are the insights and opinions from various experts in the educational field on this topic:

“I teach 1st grade. I had parents ask for homework. I explained that I don’t give homework. Home time is family time. Time to play, cook, explore and spend time together. I do send books home, but there is no requirement or checklist for reading them. Read them, enjoy them, and return them when your child is ready for more. I explained that as a parent myself, I know they are busy—and what a waste of energy it is to sit and force their kids to do work at home—when they could use that time to form relationships and build a loving home. Something kids need more than a few math problems a week.” — Colleen S. , 1st grade teacher

“The lasting educational value of homework at that age is not proven. A kid says the times tables [at school] because he studied the times tables last night. But over a long period of time, a kid who is drilled on the times tables at school, rather than as homework, will also memorize their times tables. We are worried about young children and their social emotional learning. And that has to do with physical activity, it has to do with playing with peers, it has to do with family time. All of those are very important and can be removed by too much homework.” — David Bloomfield , education professor at Brooklyn College and the City University of New York graduate center

“Homework in primary school has an effect of around zero. In high school it’s larger. (…) Which is why we need to get it right. Not why we need to get rid of it. It’s one of those lower hanging fruit that we should be looking in our primary schools to say, ‘Is it really making a difference?’” — John Hattie , professor

”Many kids are working as many hours as their overscheduled parents and it is taking a toll – psychologically and in many other ways too. We see kids getting up hours before school starts just to get their homework done from the night before… While homework may give kids one more responsibility, it ignores the fact that kids do not need to grow up and become adults at ages 10 or 12. With schools cutting recess time or eliminating playgrounds, kids absorb every single stress there is, only on an even higher level. Their brains and bodies need time to be curious, have fun, be creative and just be a kid.” — Pat Wayman, teacher and CEO of HowtoLearn.com

7 Reasons Why Students Should Not Have Homework

Let’s delve into the reasons against assigning homework to students. Examining these arguments offers important perspectives on the wider educational and developmental consequences of homework practices.

1. Elevated Stress and Health Consequences

The ongoing debate about homework often focuses on its educational value, but a vital aspect that cannot be overlooked is the significant stress and health consequences it brings to students. In the context of American life, where approximately 70% of people report moderate or extreme stress due to various factors like mass shootings, healthcare affordability, discrimination, racism, sexual harassment, climate change, presidential elections, and the need to stay informed, the additional burden of homework further exacerbates this stress, particularly among students.

Key findings and statistics reveal a worrying trend:

Overwhelming Student Stress: A staggering 72% of students report being often or always stressed over schoolwork, with a concerning 82% experiencing physical symptoms due to this stress.
Serious Health Issues: Symptoms linked to homework stress include sleep deprivation, headaches, exhaustion, weight loss, and stomach problems.
Sleep Deprivation: Despite the National Sleep Foundation recommending 8.5 to 9.25 hours of sleep for healthy adolescent development, students average just 6.80 hours of sleep on school nights. About 68% of students stated that schoolwork often or always prevented them from getting enough sleep, which is critical for their physical and mental health.
Turning to Unhealthy Coping Mechanisms: Alarmingly, the pressure from excessive homework has led some students to turn to alcohol and drugs as a way to cope with stress.

This data paints a concerning picture. Students, already navigating a world filled with various stressors, find themselves further burdened by homework demands. The direct correlation between excessive homework and health issues indicates a need for reevaluation. The goal should be to ensure that homework if assigned, adds value to students’ learning experiences without compromising their health and well-being.

By addressing the issue of homework-related stress and health consequences, we can take a significant step toward creating a more nurturing and effective educational environment. This environment would not only prioritize academic achievement but also the overall well-being and happiness of students, preparing them for a balanced and healthy life both inside and outside the classroom.

2. Inequitable Impact and Socioeconomic Disparities

In the discourse surrounding educational equity, homework emerges as a factor exacerbating socioeconomic disparities, particularly affecting students from lower-income families and those with less supportive home environments. While homework is often justified as a means to raise academic standards and promote equity, its real-world impact tells a different story.

The inequitable burden of homework becomes starkly evident when considering the resources required to complete it, especially in the digital age. Homework today often necessitates a computer and internet access – resources not readily available to all students. This digital divide significantly disadvantages students from lower-income backgrounds, deepening the chasm between them and their more affluent peers.

Key points highlighting the disparities:

Digital Inequity: Many students lack access to necessary technology for homework, with low-income families disproportionately affected.
Impact of COVID-19: The pandemic exacerbated these disparities as education shifted online, revealing the extent of the digital divide.
Educational Outcomes Tied to Income: A critical indicator of college success is linked more to family income levels than to rigorous academic preparation. Research indicates that while 77% of students from high-income families graduate from highly competitive colleges, only 9% from low-income families achieve the same . This disparity suggests that the pressure of heavy homework loads, rather than leveling the playing field, may actually hinder the chances of success for less affluent students.

Moreover, the approach to homework varies significantly across different types of schools. While some rigorous private and preparatory schools in both marginalized and affluent communities assign extreme levels of homework, many progressive schools focusing on holistic learning and self-actualization opt for no homework, yet achieve similar levels of college and career success. This contrast raises questions about the efficacy and necessity of heavy homework loads in achieving educational outcomes.

The issue of homework and its inequitable impact is not just an academic concern; it is a reflection of broader societal inequalities. By continuing practices that disproportionately burden students from less privileged backgrounds, the educational system inadvertently perpetuates the very disparities it seeks to overcome.

3. Negative Impact on Family Dynamics

Homework, a staple of the educational system, is often perceived as a necessary tool for academic reinforcement. However, its impact extends beyond the realm of academics, significantly affecting family dynamics. The negative repercussions of homework on the home environment have become increasingly evident, revealing a troubling pattern that can lead to conflict, mental health issues, and domestic friction.

A study conducted in 2015 involving 1,100 parents sheds light on the strain homework places on family relationships. The findings are telling:

Increased Likelihood of Conflicts: Families where parents did not have a college degree were 200% more likely to experience fights over homework.
Misinterpretations and Misunderstandings: Parents often misinterpret their children’s difficulties with homework as a lack of attention in school, leading to feelings of frustration and mistrust on both sides.
Discriminatory Impact: The research concluded that the current approach to homework disproportionately affects children whose parents have lower educational backgrounds, speak English as a second language, or belong to lower-income groups.

The issue is not confined to specific demographics but is a widespread concern. Samantha Hulsman, a teacher featured in Education Week Teacher , shared her personal experience with the toll that homework can take on family time. She observed that a seemingly simple 30-minute assignment could escalate into a three-hour ordeal, causing stress and strife between parents and children. Hulsman’s insights challenge the traditional mindset about homework, highlighting a shift towards the need for skills such as collaboration and problem-solving over rote memorization of facts.

The need of the hour is to reassess the role and amount of homework assigned to students. It’s imperative to find a balance that facilitates learning and growth without compromising the well-being of the family unit. Such a reassessment would not only aid in reducing domestic conflicts but also contribute to a more supportive and nurturing environment for children’s overall development.

4. Consumption of Free Time

In recent years, a growing chorus of voices has raised concerns about the excessive burden of homework on students, emphasizing how it consumes their free time and impedes their overall well-being. The issue is not just the quantity of homework, but its encroachment on time that could be used for personal growth, relaxation, and family bonding.

Authors Sara Bennett and Nancy Kalish , in their book “The Case Against Homework,” offer an insightful window into the lives of families grappling with the demands of excessive homework. They share stories from numerous interviews conducted in the mid-2000s, highlighting the universal struggle faced by families across different demographics. A poignant account from a parent in Menlo Park, California, describes nightly sessions extending until 11 p.m., filled with stress and frustration, leading to a soured attitude towards school in both the child and the parent. This narrative is not isolated, as about one-third of the families interviewed expressed feeling crushed by the overwhelming workload.

Key points of concern:

Excessive Time Commitment: Students, on average, spend over 6 hours in school each day, and homework adds significantly to this time, leaving little room for other activities.
Impact on Extracurricular Activities: Homework infringes upon time for sports, music, art, and other enriching experiences, which are as crucial as academic courses.
Stifling Creativity and Self-Discovery: The constant pressure of homework limits opportunities for students to explore their interests and learn new skills independently.

The National Education Association (NEA) and the National PTA (NPTA) recommend a “10 minutes of homework per grade level” standard, suggesting a more balanced approach. However, the reality often far exceeds this guideline, particularly for older students. The impact of this overreach is profound, affecting not just academic performance but also students’ attitudes toward school, their self-confidence, social skills, and overall quality of life.

Furthermore, the intense homework routine’s effectiveness is doubtful, as it can overwhelm students and detract from the joy of learning. Effective learning builds on prior knowledge in an engaging way, but excessive homework in a home setting may be irrelevant and uninteresting. The key challenge is balancing homework to enhance learning without overburdening students, allowing time for holistic growth and activities beyond academics. It’s crucial to reassess homework policies to support well-rounded development.

5. Challenges for Students with Learning Disabilities

Homework, a standard educational tool, poses unique challenges for students with learning disabilities, often leading to a frustrating and disheartening experience. These challenges go beyond the typical struggles faced by most students and can significantly impede their educational progress and emotional well-being.

Child psychologist Kenneth Barish’s insights in Psychology Today shed light on the complex relationship between homework and students with learning disabilities:

Homework as a Painful Endeavor: For students with learning disabilities, completing homework can be likened to “running with a sprained ankle.” It’s a task that, while doable, is fraught with difficulty and discomfort.
Misconceptions about Laziness: Often, children who struggle with homework are perceived as lazy. However, Barish emphasizes that these students are more likely to be frustrated, discouraged, or anxious rather than unmotivated.
Limited Improvement in School Performance: The battles over homework rarely translate into significant improvement in school for these children, challenging the conventional notion of homework as universally beneficial.

These points highlight the need for a tailored approach to homework for students with learning disabilities. It’s crucial to recognize that the traditional homework model may not be the most effective or appropriate method for facilitating their learning. Instead, alternative strategies that accommodate their unique needs and learning styles should be considered.

In conclusion, the conventional homework paradigm needs reevaluation, particularly concerning students with learning disabilities. By understanding and addressing their unique challenges, educators can create a more inclusive and supportive educational environment. This approach not only aids in their academic growth but also nurtures their confidence and overall development, ensuring that they receive an equitable and empathetic educational experience.

6. Critique of Underlying Assumptions about Learning

The longstanding belief in the educational sphere that more homework automatically translates to more learning is increasingly being challenged. Critics argue that this assumption is not only flawed but also unsupported by solid evidence, questioning the efficacy of homework as an effective learning tool.

Alfie Kohn , a prominent critic of homework, aptly compares students to vending machines in this context, suggesting that the expectation of inserting an assignment and automatically getting out of learning is misguided. Kohn goes further, labeling homework as the “greatest single extinguisher of children’s curiosity.” This critique highlights a fundamental issue: the potential of homework to stifle the natural inquisitiveness and love for learning in children.

The lack of concrete evidence supporting the effectiveness of homework is evident in various studies:

Marginal Effectiveness of Homework: A study involving 28,051 high school seniors found that the effectiveness of homework was marginal, and in some cases, it was counterproductive, leading to more academic problems than solutions.
No Correlation with Academic Achievement: Research in “ National Differences, Global Similarities ” showed no correlation between homework and academic achievement in elementary students, and any positive correlation in middle or high school diminished with increasing homework loads.
Increased Academic Pressure: The Teachers College Record published findings that homework adds to academic pressure and societal stress, exacerbating performance gaps between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

These findings bring to light several critical points:

Quality Over Quantity: According to a recent article in Monitor on Psychology , experts concur that the quality of homework assignments, along with the quality of instruction, student motivation, and inherent ability, is more crucial for academic success than the quantity of homework.
Counterproductive Nature of Excessive Homework: Excessive homework can lead to more academic challenges, particularly for students already facing pressures from other aspects of their lives.
Societal Stress and Performance Gaps: Homework can intensify societal stress and widen the academic performance divide.

The emerging consensus from these studies suggests that the traditional approach to homework needs rethinking. Rather than focusing on the quantity of assignments, educators should consider the quality and relevance of homework, ensuring it truly contributes to learning and development. This reassessment is crucial for fostering an educational environment that nurtures curiosity and a love for learning, rather than extinguishing it.

7. Issues with Homework Enforcement, Reliability, and Temptation to Cheat

In the academic realm, the enforcement of homework is a subject of ongoing debate, primarily due to its implications on student integrity and the true value of assignments. The challenges associated with homework enforcement often lead to unintended yet significant issues, such as cheating, copying, and a general undermining of educational values.

Key points highlighting enforcement challenges:

Difficulty in Enforcing Completion: Ensuring that students complete their homework can be a complex task, and not completing homework does not always correlate with poor grades.
Reliability of Homework Practice: The reliability of homework as a practice tool is undermined when students, either out of desperation or lack of understanding, choose shortcuts over genuine learning. This approach can lead to the opposite of the intended effect, especially when assignments are not well-aligned with the students’ learning levels or interests.
Temptation to Cheat: The issue of cheating is particularly troubling. According to a report by The Chronicle of Higher Education , under the pressure of at-home assignments, many students turn to copying others’ work, plagiarizing, or using creative technological “hacks.” This tendency not only questions the integrity of the learning process but also reflects the extreme stress that homework can induce.
Parental Involvement in Completion: As noted in The American Journal of Family Therapy , this raises concerns about the authenticity of the work submitted. When parents complete assignments for their children, it not only deprives the students of the opportunity to learn but also distorts the purpose of homework as a learning aid.

In conclusion, the challenges of homework enforcement present a complex problem that requires careful consideration. The focus should shift towards creating meaningful, manageable, and quality-driven assignments that encourage genuine learning and integrity, rather than overwhelming students and prompting counterproductive behaviors.

Addressing Opposing Views on Homework Practices

While opinions on homework policies are diverse, understanding different viewpoints is crucial. In the following sections, we will examine common arguments supporting homework assignments, along with counterarguments that offer alternative perspectives on this educational practice.

1. Improvement of Academic Performance

Homework is commonly perceived as a means to enhance academic performance, with the belief that it directly contributes to better grades and test scores. This view posits that through homework, students reinforce what they learn in class, leading to improved understanding and retention, which ultimately translates into higher academic achievement.

However, the question of why students should not have homework becomes pertinent when considering the complex relationship between homework and academic performance. Studies have indicated that excessive homework doesn’t necessarily equate to higher grades or test scores. Instead, too much homework can backfire, leading to stress and fatigue that adversely affect a student’s performance. Reuters highlights an intriguing correlation suggesting that physical activity may be more conducive to academic success than additional homework, underscoring the importance of a holistic approach to education that prioritizes both physical and mental well-being for enhanced academic outcomes.

2. Reinforcement of Learning

Homework is traditionally viewed as a tool to reinforce classroom learning, enabling students to practice and retain material. However, research suggests its effectiveness is ambiguous. In instances where homework is well-aligned with students’ abilities and classroom teachings, it can indeed be beneficial. Particularly for younger students , excessive homework can cause burnout and a loss of interest in learning, counteracting its intended purpose.

Furthermore, when homework surpasses a student’s capability, it may induce frustration and confusion rather than aid in learning. This challenges the notion that more homework invariably leads to better understanding and retention of educational content.

3. Development of Time Management Skills

Homework is often considered a crucial tool in helping students develop important life skills such as time management and organization. The idea is that by regularly completing assignments, students learn to allocate their time efficiently and organize their tasks effectively, skills that are invaluable in both academic and personal life.

However, the impact of homework on developing these skills is not always positive. For younger students, especially, an overwhelming amount of homework can be more of a hindrance than a help. Instead of fostering time management and organizational skills, an excessive workload often leads to stress and anxiety . These negative effects can impede the learning process and make it difficult for students to manage their time and tasks effectively, contradicting the original purpose of homework.

4. Preparation for Future Academic Challenges

Homework is often touted as a preparatory tool for future academic challenges that students will encounter in higher education and their professional lives. The argument is that by tackling homework, students build a foundation of knowledge and skills necessary for success in more advanced studies and in the workforce, fostering a sense of readiness and confidence.

Contrarily, an excessive homework load, especially from a young age, can have the opposite effect . It can instill a negative attitude towards education, dampening students’ enthusiasm and willingness to embrace future academic challenges. Overburdening students with homework risks disengagement and loss of interest, thereby defeating the purpose of preparing them for future challenges. Striking a balance in the amount and complexity of homework is crucial to maintaining student engagement and fostering a positive attitude towards ongoing learning.

5. Parental Involvement in Education

Homework often acts as a vital link connecting parents to their child’s educational journey, offering insights into the school’s curriculum and their child’s learning process. This involvement is key in fostering a supportive home environment and encouraging a collaborative relationship between parents and the school. When parents understand and engage with what their children are learning, it can significantly enhance the educational experience for the child.

However, the line between involvement and over-involvement is thin. When parents excessively intervene by completing their child’s homework, it can have adverse effects . Such actions not only diminish the educational value of homework but also rob children of the opportunity to develop problem-solving skills and independence. This over-involvement, coupled with disparities in parental ability to assist due to variations in time, knowledge, or resources, may lead to unequal educational outcomes, underlining the importance of a balanced approach to parental participation in homework.

Exploring Alternatives to Homework and Finding a Middle Ground

In the ongoing debate about the role of homework in education, it’s essential to consider viable alternatives and strategies to minimize its burden. While completely eliminating homework may not be feasible for all educators, there are several effective methods to reduce its impact and offer more engaging, student-friendly approaches to learning.

Alternatives to Traditional Homework

Project-Based Learning: This method focuses on hands-on, long-term projects where students explore real-world problems. It encourages creativity, critical thinking, and collaborative skills, offering a more engaging and practical learning experience than traditional homework. For creative ideas on school projects, especially related to the solar system, be sure to explore our dedicated article on solar system projects .
Flipped Classrooms: Here, students are introduced to new content through videos or reading materials at home and then use class time for interactive activities. This approach allows for more personalized and active learning during school hours.
Reading for Pleasure: Encouraging students to read books of their choice can foster a love for reading and improve literacy skills without the pressure of traditional homework assignments. This approach is exemplified by Marion County, Florida , where public schools implemented a no-homework policy for elementary students. Instead, they are encouraged to read nightly for 20 minutes . Superintendent Heidi Maier’s decision was influenced by research showing that while homework offers minimal benefit to young students, regular reading significantly boosts their learning. For book recommendations tailored to middle school students, take a look at our specially curated article .

Ideas for Minimizing Homework

Limiting Homework Quantity: Adhering to guidelines like the “ 10-minute rule ” (10 minutes of homework per grade level per night) can help ensure that homework does not become overwhelming.
Quality Over Quantity: Focus on assigning meaningful homework that is directly relevant to what is being taught in class, ensuring it adds value to students’ learning.
Homework Menus: Offering students a choice of assignments can cater to diverse learning styles and interests, making homework more engaging and personalized.
Integrating Technology: Utilizing educational apps and online platforms can make homework more interactive and enjoyable, while also providing immediate feedback to students. To gain deeper insights into the role of technology in learning environments, explore our articles discussing the benefits of incorporating technology in classrooms and a comprehensive list of educational VR apps . These resources will provide you with valuable information on how technology can enhance the educational experience.

For teachers who are not ready to fully eliminate homework, these strategies offer a compromise, ensuring that homework supports rather than hinders student learning. By focusing on quality, relevance, and student engagement, educators can transform homework from a chore into a meaningful component of education that genuinely contributes to students’ academic growth and personal development. In this way, we can move towards a more balanced and student-centric approach to learning, both in and out of the classroom.

Useful Resources

Is homework a good idea or not? by BBC
The Great Homework Debate: What’s Getting Lost in the Hype
Alternative Homework Ideas

The evidence and arguments presented in the discussion of why students should not have homework call for a significant shift in homework practices. It’s time for educators and policymakers to rethink and reformulate homework strategies, focusing on enhancing the quality, relevance, and balance of assignments. By doing so, we can create a more equitable, effective, and student-friendly educational environment that fosters learning, well-being, and holistic development.

“Here’s what an education expert says about that viral ‘no-homework’ policy”, Insider
“John Hattie on BBC Radio 4: Homework in primary school has an effect of zero”, Visible Learning
HowtoLearn.com
“Time Spent On Homework Statistics [Fresh Research]”, Gitnux
“Stress in America”, American Psychological Association (APA)
“Homework hurts high-achieving students, study says”, The Washington Post
“National Sleep Foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: final report”, National Library of Medicine
“A multi-method exploratory study of stress, coping, and substance use among high school youth in private schools”, Frontiers
“The Digital Revolution is Leaving Poorer Kids Behind”, Statista
“The digital divide has left millions of school kids behind”, CNET
“The Digital Divide: What It Is, and What’s Being Done to Close It”, Investopedia
“COVID-19 exposed the digital divide. Here’s how we can close it”, World Economic Forum
“PBS NewsHour: Biggest Predictor of College Success is Family Income”, America’s Promise Alliance
“Homework and Family Stress: With Consideration of Parents’ Self Confidence, Educational Level, and Cultural Background”, Taylor & Francis Online
“What Do You Mean My Kid Doesn’t Have Homework?”, EducationWeek
“Excerpt From The Case Against Homework”, Penguin Random House Canada
“How much homework is too much?”, neaToday
“The Nation’s Report Card: A First Look: 2013 Mathematics and Reading”, National Center for Education Statistics
“Battles Over Homework: Advice For Parents”, Psychology Today
“How Homework Is Destroying Teens’ Health”, The Lion’s Roar
“ Breaking the Homework Habit”, Education World
“Testing a model of school learning: Direct and indirect effects on academic achievement”, ScienceDirect
“National Differences, Global Similarities: World Culture and the Future of Schooling”, Stanford University Press
“When school goes home: Some problems in the organization of homework”, APA PsycNet
“Is homework a necessary evil?”, APA PsycNet
“Epidemic of copying homework catalyzed by technology”, Redwood Bark
“High-Tech Cheating Abounds, and Professors Bear Some Blame”, The Chronicle of Higher Education
“Homework and Family Stress: With Consideration of Parents’ Self Confidence, Educational Level, and Cultural Background”, ResearchGate
“Kids who get moving may also get better grades”, Reuters
“Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of Research, 1987–2003”, SageJournals
“Is it time to get rid of homework?”, USAToday
“Stanford research shows pitfalls of homework”, Stanford
“Florida school district bans homework, replaces it with daily reading”, USAToday
“Encouraging Students to Read: Tips for High School Teachers”, wgu.edu
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14.1 Four Methods of Delivery

Learning objectives.

Differentiate among the four methods of speech delivery.
Understand when to use each of the four methods of speech delivery.

Lt. Governor Anthony Brown bring greetings to the 13th Annual House of Ruth Spring Luncheon. by Brian K. Slack at Baltimore, MD

Maryland GovPics – House of Ruth Luncheon – CC BY 2.0.

The easiest approach to speech delivery is not always the best. Substantial work goes into the careful preparation of an interesting and ethical message, so it is understandable that students may have the impulse to avoid “messing it up” by simply reading it word for word. But students who do this miss out on one of the major reasons for studying public speaking: to learn ways to “connect” with one’s audience and to increase one’s confidence in doing so. You already know how to read, and you already know how to talk. But public speaking is neither reading nor talking.

Speaking in public has more formality than talking. During a speech, you should present yourself professionally. This doesn’t mean you must wear a suit or “dress up” (unless your instructor asks you to), but it does mean making yourself presentable by being well groomed and wearing clean, appropriate clothes. It also means being prepared to use language correctly and appropriately for the audience and the topic, to make eye contact with your audience, and to look like you know your topic very well.

While speaking has more formality than talking, it has less formality than reading. Speaking allows for meaningful pauses, eye contact, small changes in word order, and vocal emphasis. Reading is a more or less exact replication of words on paper without the use of any nonverbal interpretation. Speaking, as you will realize if you think about excellent speakers you have seen and heard, provides a more animated message.

The next sections introduce four methods of delivery that can help you balance between too much and too little formality when giving a public speech.

Impromptu Speaking

Impromptu speaking is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation. Impromptu speeches often occur when someone is asked to “say a few words” or give a toast on a special occasion. You have probably done impromptu speaking many times in informal, conversational settings. Self-introductions in group settings are examples of impromptu speaking: “Hi, my name is Steve, and I’m a volunteer with the Homes for the Brave program.” Another example of impromptu speaking occurs when you answer a question such as, “What did you think of the documentary?”

The advantage of this kind of speaking is that it’s spontaneous and responsive in an animated group context. The disadvantage is that the speaker is given little or no time to contemplate the central theme of his or her message. As a result, the message may be disorganized and difficult for listeners to follow.

Here is a step-by-step guide that may be useful if you are called upon to give an impromptu speech in public.

Take a moment to collect your thoughts and plan the main point you want to make.
Thank the person for inviting you to speak.
Deliver your message, making your main point as briefly as you can while still covering it adequately and at a pace your listeners can follow.
Thank the person again for the opportunity to speak.
Stop talking.

As you can see, impromptu speeches are generally most successful when they are brief and focus on a single point.

Extemporaneous Speaking

Extemporaneous speaking is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes. By using notes rather than a full manuscript, the extemporaneous speaker can establish and maintain eye contact with the audience and assess how well they are understanding the speech as it progresses. The opportunity to assess is also an opportunity to restate more clearly any idea or concept that the audience seems to have trouble grasping.

For instance, suppose you are speaking about workplace safety and you use the term “sleep deprivation.” If you notice your audience’s eyes glazing over, this might not be a result of their own sleep deprivation, but rather an indication of their uncertainty about what you mean. If this happens, you can add a short explanation; for example, “sleep deprivation is sleep loss serious enough to threaten one’s cognition, hand-to-eye coordination, judgment, and emotional health.” You might also (or instead) provide a concrete example to illustrate the idea. Then you can resume your message, having clarified an important concept.

Speaking extemporaneously has some advantages. It promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as knowledgeable and credible. In addition, your audience is likely to pay better attention to the message because it is engaging both verbally and nonverbally. The disadvantage of extemporaneous speaking is that it requires a great deal of preparation for both the verbal and the nonverbal components of the speech. Adequate preparation cannot be achieved the day before you’re scheduled to speak.

Because extemporaneous speaking is the style used in the great majority of public speaking situations, most of the information in this chapter is targeted to this kind of speaking.

Speaking from a Manuscript

Manuscript speaking is the word-for-word iteration of a written message. In a manuscript speech, the speaker maintains his or her attention on the printed page except when using visual aids.

The advantage to reading from a manuscript is the exact repetition of original words. As we mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, in some circumstances this can be extremely important. For example, reading a statement about your organization’s legal responsibilities to customers may require that the original words be exact. In reading one word at a time, in order, the only errors would typically be mispronunciation of a word or stumbling over complex sentence structure.

It is worth noting that professional speakers, actors, news reporters, and politicians often read from an autocue device, such as a TelePrompTer, especially when appearing on television, where eye contact with the camera is crucial. With practice, a speaker can achieve a conversational tone and give the impression of speaking extemporaneously while using an autocue device. However, success in this medium depends on two factors: (1) the speaker is already an accomplished public speaker who has learned to use a conversational tone while delivering a prepared script, and (2) the speech is written in a style that sounds conversational.

Speaking from Memory

Memorized speaking is the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed to memory. Actors, of course, recite from memory whenever they perform from a script in a stage play, television program, or movie scene. When it comes to speeches, memorization can be useful when the message needs to be exact and the speaker doesn’t want to be confined by notes.

The advantage to memorization is that it enables the speaker to maintain eye contact with the audience throughout the speech. Being free of notes means that you can move freely around the stage and use your hands to make gestures. If your speech uses visual aids, this freedom is even more of an advantage. However, there are some real and potential costs. First, unless you also plan and memorize every vocal cue (the subtle but meaningful variations in speech delivery, which can include the use of pitch, tone, volume, and pace), gesture, and facial expression, your presentation will be flat and uninteresting, and even the most fascinating topic will suffer. You might end up speaking in a monotone or a sing-song repetitive delivery pattern. You might also present your speech in a rapid “machine-gun” style that fails to emphasize the most important points. Second, if you lose your place and start trying to ad lib, the contrast in your style of delivery will alert your audience that something is wrong. More frighteningly, if you go completely blank during the presentation, it will be extremely difficult to find your place and keep going.

Key Takeaways

There are four main kinds of speech delivery: impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, and memorized.
Impromptu speaking involves delivering a message on the spur of the moment, as when someone is asked to “say a few words.”
Extemporaneous speaking consists of delivering a speech in a conversational fashion using notes. This is the style most speeches call for.
Manuscript speaking consists of reading a fully scripted speech. It is useful when a message needs to be delivered in precise words.
Memorized speaking consists of reciting a scripted speech from memory. Memorization allows the speaker to be free of notes.
Find a short newspaper story. Read it out loud to a classroom partner. Then, using only one notecard, tell the classroom partner in your own words what the story said. Listen to your partner’s observations about the differences in your delivery.
In a group of four or five students, ask each student to give a one-minute impromptu speech answering the question, “What is the most important personal quality for academic success?”
Watch the evening news. Observe the differences between news anchors using a TelePrompTer and interviewees who are using no notes of any kind. What differences do you observe?

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What Is An Extemporaneous Speech?

If you’ve ever wondered, “What is an extemporaneous speech?” you’re in the right place! In this article, we’ll dive into the exciting world of extemporaneous speaking and discover what makes it a unique and thrilling form of communication. So, buckle up and get ready for an adventure in public speaking that’s going to blow your socks off!

Picture this: you’re standing in front of a crowd, your heart pounding with anticipation. The spotlight is on you, and you have limited time to come up with a persuasive and cohesive speech on a given topic. That’s what an extemporaneous speech is all about! It’s a thrilling challenge that tests your ability to think on your feet and deliver a compelling message without the luxury of extensive preparation.

But don’t fret! Extensive preparation doesn’t mean you’re left hanging in the wind. In fact, extemporaneous speakers use a variety of skills, such as critical thinking, research, and organization, to craft their speeches on the spot. So, if you’re ready to unleash your inner orator and captivate audiences with your spontaneous wit and charm, let’s dive deeper into the world of extemporaneous speaking!

Table of Contents

Understanding Extemporaneous Speech: A Guide to Spontaneous Expression

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on extemporaneous speech! Whether you’re a seasoned public speaker or just starting out, understanding what an extemporaneous speech is and how to deliver one effectively is crucial. In this article, we will explore the definition of an extemporaneous speech, its components, benefits, and provide tips for delivering an impressive extemporaneous speech. So, let’s dive right in!

What is an Extemporaneous Speech?

An extemporaneous speech is a type of public speaking that requires speakers to present a well-researched and organized speech on a given topic without extensive preparation or a fully written script. Unlike a scripted speech, where every word is written beforehand and memorized, an extemporaneous speech allows speakers to use notes or prompts for guidance while delivering their presentation.

Extemporaneous speeches are commonly used in academic settings, such as debates, competitions, and classroom presentations. They test the speaker’s ability to think on their feet, organize their thoughts quickly, and deliver a coherent and persuasive argument or message. Extemporaneous speaking combines elements of impromptu speaking and prepared speeches, striking a balance between spontaneity and structure.

One of the key aspects of an extemporaneous speech is the delivery style. Speakers should aim to maintain a conversational tone, engage the audience, and connect with them authentically. While some level of preparation is allowed, the main goal of an extemporaneous speech is to demonstrate critical thinking skills, adaptability, and effective communication.

The Components of an Extemporaneous Speech

Before diving into the process of delivering an extemporaneous speech, let’s take a closer look at its essential components:

Preparation: While an extemporaneous speech is not fully scripted, it still requires some level of preparation. Speakers should gather information on the given topic, research relevant data, and formulate key points or arguments. This step ensures that the speech is well-informed and coherent.
Structure: An extemporaneous speech typically follows a basic structure, including an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should grab the audience’s attention, introduce the topic, and provide a clear thesis statement. The body should consist of main points supported by evidence, while the conclusion should summarize the key ideas and leave a lasting impression.
Delivery: As mentioned earlier, the delivery of an extemporaneous speech should be conversational and engaging. Speakers should maintain eye contact with the audience, use appropriate gestures and body language, and speak clearly and confidently. It is important to strike a balance between sticking to the main points and allowing flexibility in responding to the audience’s reactions.

Tips for Delivering an Impressive Extemporaneous Speech

Now that we have a basic understanding of what an extemporaneous speech entails, let’s explore some tips for delivering an impressive extemporaneous speech :

Practice active listening: Engage in active listening to absorb information and gather different perspectives on the given topic. This will enable you to develop a well-rounded and informed speech.
Understand the audience: Consider the demographics, interests, and knowledge level of the audience. Tailor your speech to resonate with them and address their specific needs or concerns.
Organize your thoughts: Utilize note-taking techniques, such as mind maps or bullet points, to organize your thoughts and maintain a clear structure during your speech.
Practice improvisation: Embrace impromptu speaking opportunities to enhance your ability to think on your feet and respond to unexpected questions or challenges.
Focus on body language: Pay attention to your body language, facial expressions, and vocal tone. Maintain a confident posture, make eye contact with the audience, and use gestures to emphasize your points.
Engage the audience: Make your speech interactive by asking questions, incorporating storytelling, or inviting the audience to participate. This will create a dynamic and memorable experience.
Reflect and learn: After delivering your extemporaneous speech, take the time to reflect on your performance. Identify areas for improvement, seek feedback from others, and continue refining your skills.

Benefits of Mastering Extemporaneous Speaking

Moving beyond the basics, let’s explore some of the benefits of mastering extemporaneous speaking :

1. Enhanced Communication Skills

Extemporaneous speaking hones your ability to articulate ideas clearly, engage with an audience, and adapt your message based on their reactions. This translates into improved communication skills that are valuable in various personal and professional scenarios.

2. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving

Delivering an extemporaneous speech requires quick thinking, analyzing information, and developing logical arguments on the spot. By regularly practicing this skill, you’ll strengthen your critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

3. Confidence Building

As you become more adept at delivering impromptu speeches, your self-confidence will grow. The ability to express yourself confidently and coherently in front of an audience can boost your self-esteem and positively impact other areas of your life.

Mastering Extemporaneous Speaking: A Lifelong Journey

Now that you have the knowledge and tips to deliver an impressive extemporaneous speech, it’s time to embark on your journey of mastering this valuable skill. Remember, extemporaneous speaking requires practice, patience, and a willingness to step out of your comfort zone. Embrace each speaking opportunity as a chance to grow and learn, and soon you’ll be captivating audiences with your well-crafted and spontaneous speeches. Happy speaking!

Key Takeaways: What is an Extemporaneous Speech?

An extemporaneous speech is a speech that is delivered without extensive preparation.
It allows the speaker to effectively communicate their ideas in a spontaneous and natural manner.
This type of speech is commonly used in competitions or public speaking events.
Key skills for delivering an extemporaneous speech include good organization, clear articulation, and the ability to think on your feet.
Practicing and familiarizing yourself with different topics can help improve your extemporaneous speaking skills.

Frequently Asked Questions

Welcome to our frequently asked questions section where we’ll answer common inquiries about extemporaneous speeches. Whether you’re a student preparing for a school assignment or an aspiring public speaker, we’ve got you covered. Discover the ins and outs of extemporaneous speaking below.

1. How would you define an extemporaneous speech?

An extemporaneous speech is a type of impromptu presentation where the speaker delivers a prepared speech without relying on a script or memorized content. It requires the speaker to think on their feet and express their thoughts and ideas in a clear, concise, and organized manner. Rather than being fully spontaneous, an extemporaneous speech involves some level of preparation, research, and organization. This type of speaking encourages adaptability and quick thinking.

Extemporaneous speeches are often given in educational settings, competitions, or professional environments. They help develop skills such as critical thinking, effective communication, and the ability to convey complex ideas in a limited amount of time.

2. How does an extemporaneous speech differ from other types of speech?

An extemporaneous speech differs from other types of speeches, such as impromptu speeches, scripted speeches, or memorized speeches, in several ways. Unlike an impromptu speech, which is delivered with little to no preparation, an extemporaneous speech involves some level of prior research and organization. It allows speakers to gather information and structure their thoughts before stepping up to deliver their speech.

On the other hand, a scripted speech is one that is completely written out beforehand, while a memorized speech is fully memorized and recited word-for-word. In contrast, an extemporaneous speech requires the speaker to have a general idea of what they want to say but allows for flexibility and adaptation while delivering the speech.

3. What are the benefits of delivering an extemporaneous speech?

Delivering an extemporaneous speech offers several benefits. Firstly, it helps develop critical thinking skills as speakers must quickly analyze information and construct their arguments in a coherent manner. It also enhances public speaking skills by encouraging improvisation, adaptability, and engagement with the audience.

Extemporaneous speaking can also boost self-confidence as speakers learn to trust their knowledge and ability to convey ideas without relying on a script. Additionally, it helps improve research skills and the ability to synthesize information into a persuasive speech. Overall, the benefits of delivering an extemporaneous speech extend beyond the realm of public speaking and can be applied to various areas of personal and professional development.

4. What are some tips for delivering an effective extemporaneous speech?

To deliver an effective extemporaneous speech, it’s essential to focus on a few key tips. Firstly, practice impromptu speaking regularly to develop quick thinking and organization skills. Additionally, familiarize yourself with current events and gather knowledge on various topics to have a broader pool of information to draw from during your speech.

When delivering the speech, maintain eye contact with the audience, use confident body language, and vary your tone and pace to keep the listeners engaged. Structure your speech with a clear introduction, main points, and a concise conclusion. Finally, practice time management to ensure your speech fits within the allotted timeframe.

5. Can anyone become proficient in delivering extemporaneous speeches?

Absolutely! With practice and perseverance, anyone can become proficient in delivering extemporaneous speeches. The key is to start by gradually building your skills. Begin by practicing impromptu speaking in a supportive environment with friends or family members. As you gain confidence, challenge yourself by participating in public speaking events or competitions where you can receive constructive feedback.

Engage in activities that enhance critical thinking, such as reading extensively and staying informed about current events. Seek opportunities to speak in front of others, whether it’s in school, community events, or professional settings. Remember, becoming proficient in extemporaneous speaking is a journey that requires patience and a willingness to learn from both successes and failures.

How to Deliver an Extemporaneous Presentation or Speech

So, now you know what an extemporaneous speech is! It’s a speech you make without a script or memorizing everything. You get a topic and a little time to prepare, and then you speak from what you already know. It’s a great way to practice thinking on your feet and sharing your ideas with others. Just remember to stay calm, be confident, and have fun with it!

In an extemporaneous speech, you need to organize your thoughts, use examples to support your ideas, and speak clearly and confidently. Don’t stress too much about being perfect – the important thing is to connect with your audience and share your knowledge. So next time you have to give an extemporaneous speech, remember the tips and techniques we’ve discussed, and go out there and shine!

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5 Ways of Delivering Speeches

Understanding Delivery Modes

In this chapter . . .

In this chapter, we will explore the three modes of speech delivery: impromptu, manuscript, and extemporaneous. Each offers unique advantages and potential challenges. An effective public speaker needs to be familiar with each style so they can use the most appropriate mode for any speech occasion.

In writing, there’s only one way of delivering the text: the printed word on a page. Public Speaking, however, gives you different ways to present your text. These are called the delivery modes , or simply, ways of delivering speeches. The three modes are impromptu delivery , manuscript delivery , and extemporaneous delivery . Each of these involves a different relationship between a speech text, on the one hand, and the spoken word, on the other. These are described in detail below.

Impromptu Delivery

Impromptu speaking is a short form speech given with little to no preparation. While being asked to stand in front of an audience and deliver an impromptu speech can be anxiety-producing, it’s important to remember that impromptu speaking is something most people do without thinking in their daily lives . If you introduce yourself to a group, answer an open-ended question, express an opinion, or tell a story, you’re using impromptu speaking skills. While impromptus can be stressful, the more you do it the easier it becomes.

Preparation for Impromptu Delivery

The difficulty of impromptu speaking is that there is no way to prepare, specifically, for that moment of public speaking. There are, however, some things you can do to stay ready in case you’re called upon to speak unrehearsed.

For one, make sure your speaking instruments (your voice and body) are warmed up, energized, and focused. It could be helpful to employ some of the actor warm-up techniques mentioned earlier as part of an everyday routine. If appropriate to the impromptu speaking situation, you could even ask to briefly step aside and warm yourself up so that you feel relaxed and prepared.

Furthermore, a good rule when brainstorming for an impromptu speech is that your first idea is your best. You can think about impromptu speaking like improvisation: use the “yes, and” rule and trust your instincts. You’ll likely not have time to fully map out the speech, so don’t be too hard on yourself to find the “perfect” thing to say. You should let your opinions and honest thoughts guide your speaking. While it’s easy to look back later and think of approaches you should have used, try to avoid this line of thinking and trust whatever you come up with in the moment.

Finally, as you prepare to speak, remind yourself what your purpose is for your speech. What is it that you hope to achieve by speaking? How do you hope your audience feels by the end? What information is most important to convey? Consider how you’ll end your speech. If you let your purpose guide you, and stay on topic throughout your speech, you’ll often find success.

Delivery of Impromptu Speeches

Here is a step-by-step guide that may be useful if you’re called upon to give an impromptu speech:

Thank the person for inviting you to speak. Don’t make comments about being unprepared, called upon at the last moment, on the spot, or uneasy.
Deliver your message, making your main point as briefly as you can while still covering it adequately and at a pace your listeners can follow.
Stay on track. If you can, use a structure, using numbers if possible: “Two main reasons . . .” or “Three parts of our plan. . .” or “Two side effects of this drug. . .” Past, present, and future or East Coast, Midwest, and West Coast are common structures.
Thank the person again for the opportunity to speak.
Stop talking when you are finished (it’s easy to “ramble on” when you don’t have something prepared). If in front of an audience, don’t keep talking as you move back to your seat. Finish clearly and strong.

Impromptu speeches are most successful when they are brief and focus on a single point.

Another helpful framing technique for impromptus is to negate the premise. This is the deliberate reframing of a given prompt in a way that acknowledges the original but transitions into talking about the topic in a different way than expected. Negating the premise can be an effective rhetorical technique if used carefully and can help you focus your response on a topic that you’re interested in talking about.

If you suddenly run out of things to say in the middle of your speech, be open to pivoting . Giving another example or story is the easiest way to do this. What’s important is to not panic or allow yourself to ramble aimlessly. No matter what, remember to keep breathing.

Finally, the greatest key to success for improving impromptu speaking is practice. Practice speaking without rehearsal in low-stakes environments if you can (giving a toast at a family dinner, for example). But remember this: no one is expecting the “perfect” speech if you’re called upon to speak impromptu. It’s okay to mess up. As Steven Tyler of the rock band Aerosmith would say: dare to suck. Take a risk and make a bold choice. What is most important is to stay sure of yourself and your knowledge.

Manuscript Delivery

The opposite of an impromptu speech is the manuscript speech. This involves having the complete text of your speech written out on paper or on notecards. You may be reading the speech from a computer or a teleprompter. In some cases, the speaker memorizes this manuscript.

Manuscript delivery is the word-for-word iteration of a written message. In a manuscript speech, the speaker maintains their attention on the printed page except when using visual aids. The advantage of reading from a manuscript is the exact repetition of original words. In some circumstances, this can be extremely important.

Advantages & Disadvantages to Manuscript Delivery

There are many advantages in speaking from a manuscript. Some people find they are less nervous when they have the whole text in front of them. If you get lost or flustered during the speech you can glance down and get back on track. For speakers who struggle with vocalized pauses, it can be easier to know exactly what you want to say so that you’re not searching for the right word. Some people prefer to carefully craft the language of their speech instead of just having a sense of the main point and expounding upon it. Particularly if there are a lot of statistics or quotations, it can be helpful to have the whole passage written out to make sure you not only convey it correctly but frame it in the right context. It’s also easier to rehearse and time a manuscript speech, thus making sure it stays within time limits and isn’t unexpectedly too short or long. For some formal occasions or events that may be emotional for the speaker, such as a funeral, using a manuscript may be the best approach.

There are some disadvantages in delivering a speech from a manuscript. Having a manuscript in front of you often encourages looking down and reading the speech instead of performing it. A lack of eye contact makes the audience feel less engaged. The speech can feel stilted and lacking energy. Some speakers may feel constrained and that they can’t deviate from their script. Furthermore, while some find it easier to find their place with a quick glance down having the full manuscript, others find it difficult to avoid losing their place. If you go off script it can be harder to recover.

Successful Manuscript Delivery

A successful manuscript delivery requires a dynamic performance that includes lots of eye contact, animated vocals, and gestures. This can only be accomplished if you’re very familiar with the manuscript. Delivering a manuscript that you have written but only spoken aloud once before delivery will most often result in stumbling over words and eyes locked to the page. You’ll be reading aloud at your audience, instead of speaking to them. Remember what it’s like in school when a teacher asks a student to stand up and read something aloud? If the student isn’t familiar with the text, it can be a struggle both for the reader and the audience.

The key to avoiding this problem is to practice your written speech as much as you can, at least five or six times. You want to get so familiar with your speech that you can take your eyes off the page and make frequent eye contact with your audience. When you’re very familiar with your speech, your tone of speaking becomes more conversational. The text flows more smoothly and you begin to sound like a speaker, not a reader. You can enjoy the presentation and your audiences will enjoy it as well.

To improve your skills at manuscript delivery, practice reading written content aloud. This allows you to focus exclusively on delivery instead of worrying about writing a speech first. In particular, reading dialogue or passages from theatre plays, film/television scripts, or books provides material that is intended to be expressive and emotive. The goal is to deliver the content in a way that is accessible, interesting, alive, and engaging for the audience.

To Memorize or Not to Memorize

One way to overcome the problem of reading from the page is to memorize your word-for-word speech. When we see TED Talks, for example, they are usually memorized.

Memorized speaking is the delivery of a written message that the speaker has committed to memory. Actors, of course, recite from memory whenever they perform from a script. When it comes to speeches, memorization can be useful when the message needs to be exact, and the speaker doesn’t want to be confined by notes.

The advantage to memorization is that it enables the speaker to maintain eye contact with the audience throughout the speech. However, there are some real and potential costs. Obviously, memorizing a seven-minute speech takes a great deal of time and effort, and if you’re not used to memorizing, it’s difficult to pull off.

For strategies on how to successfully memorize a speech, refer to the “Memorization” section in the chapter “ From Page to Stage .”

Extemporaneous Delivery

Remember the fairy tale about Goldilocks and the Three Bears? One bed is too soft, the other bed is too hard, and finally one is just right? Extemporaneous delivery combines the best of impromptu and manuscript delivery. Like a manuscript speech, the content is very carefully prepared. However, instead of a word-for-word manuscript, the speaker delivers from a carefully crafted outline. Therefore, it has elements of impromptu delivery to it. We call this type of speaking extemporaneous ( the word comes from the Latin ex tempore, literally “out of time”).

Extemporaneous delivery is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes. By using notes rather than a full manuscript, the extemporaneous speaker can establish and maintain eye contact with the audience and assess how well they understand the speech as it progresses. Without all the words on the page to read, you have little choice but to look up and make eye contact with your audience.

For an extemporaneous speech, the speaker uses a carefully prepared outline. We will discuss how to create an effective outline in the chapters on speechwriting.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Extemporaneous Delivery

Speaking extemporaneously has some major advantages. As mentioned above, without having a text to be beholden to it’s much easier to make eye contact and engage with your audience. Extemporaneous speaking also allows flexibility; you’re working from the solid foundation of an outline, but if you need to delete, add, or rephrase something at the last minute or to adapt to your audience, you can do so. Therefore, the audience is more likely to pay better attention to the message. Furthermore, it promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as knowledgeable and credible since you know the speech well enough that you don’t need to read it. The outline also helps you be aware of main ideas vs. subordinate ones. For many speakers, an extemporaneous approach encourages them to feel more relaxed and to have more fun while speaking. If you’re enjoying presenting your speech the audience will sense that and consequently, they will enjoy it more.

A disadvantage of extemporaneous speaking is that it requires substantial rehearsal to achieve the verbal and nonverbal engagement that is required for a good speech. Adequate preparation can’t be achieved the day before you’re scheduled to speak. Be aware that if you want to present an engaging and credible extemporaneous speech, you’ll need to practice many times. Your practice will need to include both the performative elements as well as having a clear sense of the content you’ll cover. As mentioned previously, an extemporaneous speech can also be harder to have consistent and predictable timing. While delivering the speech it’s more likely you’ll wander off on a tangent, struggle to find the words you want, or forget to mention crucial details. Furthermore, if you get lost it may be harder to get yourself back on track.

Successful Extemporaneous Delivery

Like other delivery modes, a dynamic performance on an extemporaneous delivery is one that includes lots of eye contact, animated vocals, and gestures. At the same time, you want a speech that is structured and focused, not disorganized and wandering.

One strategy to succeed in extemporaneous speaking is to begin by writing out a full manuscript of your speech. This allows you to map out all the information that will be covered in each main point and sub-point. This method also gives you a better sense of your timing and flow than starting from just an outline. Another approach is to write out an outline that is less complete than a manuscript but still detailed. This will be used only for preparation; once you have a clear sense of the content you can reduce it down to a streamlined performance outline which you’ll use when delivering the actual speech.

By the time of presentation, an extemporaneous speech becomes a mixture of memorization and improvisation. You’ll need to be familiar enough with your content and structure that you cover everything, and it flows with logical transitions. Simultaneously, you must be willing to make changes and adapt in the moment. Hence, thorough rehearsal is critical. While this approach takes more time, the benefits are worth the extra effort required.

When you’re asked to prepare a speech for almost any occasion except last-minute speeches, you must choose either a manuscript or extemporaneous approach. As you experiment with assorted styles of public speaking, you’ll find you prefer one style of delivery over the other. Extemporaneous speaking can be challenging, especially for beginners, but it’s the preferred method of most experienced public speakers. However, the speaking occasion may dictate which method will be most effective.

Online Delivery

Impromptu, manuscript, and extemporaneous speaking are delivery modes . They describe the relationship between the speaker and the script according to the level of preparation (minutes or weeks) and type of preparation (manuscript or outline). Until now, we have assumed that the medium for the speech is in-person before an audience. Medium means the means or channel through which something is communicated. The written word is a medium. In art, sculpture is a medium. For in-person public speaking, the medium is the stage. For online public speaking, the medium is the camera.

The Online Medium

Public speakers very often communicate via live presentation. However, we also use the medium of recordings, shared through online technology. We see online or recorded speaking in many situations. A potential employer might ask for a short video self-presentation. Perhaps you’re recording a “How-To” video for YouTube. A professor asks you to create a presentation to post to the course website. Or perhaps an organization has solicited proposals via video. Maybe a friend who lives far away is getting married and those who can’t attend send a video toast. While this textbook can’t address all these situations, below are three important elements to executing recorded speeches.

Creating Your Delivery Document

As with an in-person speech, it’s important to consider all the given circumstances of the speech occasion. Why are you speaking? What is the topic? How much time do you have to prepare? How long is this speech? In online speeches, having a sense of your audience is critical. Not only who are they, but where are they? You may be speaking live to people across the country or around the world. If they are in a different time zone it may influence their ability to listen and respond, particularly if it’s early, late, or mealtime. If you’re recording a speech for a later audience, do you know who that audience will be?

As with in-person speeches, different speech circumstances suggest one of three delivery modes: impromptu, extemporaneous, or manuscript. Whether your medium is live or camera, to prepare you must know which of the three delivery modes you’ll be using. Just because a speech is online does not mean it doesn’t need preparation and a delivery text.

Technical Preparation

To prepare for online speaking, you’ll want to practice using your online tools. To begin, record yourself speaking so you have a sense of the way your voice sounds when mediated. Consider practicing making eye contact with your camera so that you feel comfortable with your desired focal point. In addition, consider how to best set up your speaking space. It may take some experimenting to find the best camera angle and position. Consider lighting when deciding your recording place. Make the lighting as bright as possible and ensure that the light is coming from behind the camera.

You should put some thought into what you’ll be wearing. You’ll want to look appropriate for the occasion. Make sure your outfit looks good on camera and doesn’t clash with your background. In general, keep in mind what your background will look like on-screen. You’ll want a background that isn’t overly distracting to viewers. Furthermore, ensure that there is a place just off-screen where you can have notes and anything else you may need readily at hand. Your recording location should be somewhere quiet and distraction-free.

You should test your camera and microphone to make sure they are working properly, and make sure you have a stable internet connection. But, even when you complete pre-checks of equipment, sometimes technology fails. Therefore, it’s helpful to know how to troubleshoot on the spot. Anticipate potential hiccups and have a plan for how to either fix issues that arise or continue with your presentation.

Vibrant Delivery

The tools for successful public speaking discussed in the rest of this textbook still apply to online speaking, but there are some key differences to consider before entering the virtual space. Online speaking, for example, will not have the same energy of a back-and-forth dialogue between speaker and live audience. If you’re recording without an audience, it might feel like you’re speaking into a void. You must use your power of imagination to keep in mind the audience who will eventually be watching your speech.

It’s important to utilize all your vocal tools, such as projection, enunciation, and vocal variety. Most important is having a high level of energy and enthusiasm reflected in your voice. If your voice communicates your passion for your speech topic, the audience will feel that and be more engaged. Use humor to keep your speech engaging and to raise your own energy level. Some experts recommend standing while giving an online speech because it helps raise your energy level and can better approximate the feeling of presenting in public.

If you’re presenting online to an audience, be sure to start the presentation on time. However, be aware that some participants may sign in late. Likewise, be cognizant about finishing your speech and answering any questions by the scheduled end time. If there are still questions you can direct the audience to reach out to you by your preferred means of communication. You may be able to provide the audience with a recording of the talk in case they want to go back and rewatch something.

Finally, consider ways you can enhance your performance by sharing images on the screen. Be sure you have that technology ready.

Other suggestions from experts include:

Your anxiety does not go away just because you can’t see everyone in your “web audience.” Be aware of the likelihood of anxiety; it might not hit until you’re “on air.”
During the question-and-answer period, some participants will question orally through the webcam set-up, while others will use the chat feature. It takes time to type in the chat. Be prepared for pauses.
Remember the power of transitions. The speaker needs to tie the messages of their slides together.
Verbal pauses can be helpful. Since one of the things that put audiences to sleep is the continual, non-stop flow of words, a pause can get attention.

As you begin delivering more public speeches you will likely find a preference for one or more of these delivery modes. If you are given a choice, it’s often best to lean into your strengths and to utilize the method you feel most comfortable with. However, the speech occasion may dictate your presentation style. Therefore, it’s important to practice and become comfortable with each mode. In an increasingly technological world online speaking in particular is likely going to be a required method of communication.

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Chapter Thirteen – Speech Delivery

Maryland GovPics – House of Ruth Luncheon – CC BY 2.0.

The next sections introduce four methods of delivery that can help you balance between too much and too little formality when giving a public speech.

Types of Delivery

Impromptu Speaking

Impromptu speaking is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation. You have probably done impromptu speaking many times in informal, conversational settings. Self-introductions in group settings are examples of impromptu speaking: “Hi, my name is Steve, and I’m a volunteer with the Homes for the Brave program.” Another example of impromptu speaking occurs when you answer a question such as, “What did you think of the movie?” Your response has not been preplanned, and you are constructing your arguments and points as you speak. Even worse, you might find yourself going into a meeting and your boss says, “I want you to talk about the last stage of the project. . .” and you have no warning.

The advantage of this kind of speaking is that it’s spontaneous and responsive in an animated group context. The disadvantage is that the speaker is given little or no time to contemplate the central theme of their message. As a result, the message may be disorganized and difficult for listeners to follow.

Here is a step-by-step guide that may be useful if you are called upon to give an impromptu speech in public:

Take a moment to collect your thoughts and plan the main point that you want to make (like a mini thesis statement).
Thank the person for inviting you to speak. Do not make comments about being unprepared, called upon at the last moment, on the spot, or uneasy. In other words, try to avoid being self-deprecating!
Deliver your message, making your main point as briefly as you can while still covering it adequately and at a pace your listeners can follow.
If you can use a structure, use numbers if possible: “Two main reasons. . .” or “Three parts of our plan. . .” or “Two side effects of this drug. . .” Past, present, and future or East Coast, Midwest, and West Coast are prefab structures.
Thank the person again for the opportunity to speak.
Stop talking (it is easy to “ramble on” when you don’t have something prepared). If in front of an audience, don’t keep talking as you move back to your seat.

Impromptu speeches are generally most successful when they are brief and focus on a single point.

We recommend practicing your impromptu speaking regularly and every day. Do you want to work on reducing your vocalized pauses in a formal setting? Cool! You can begin that process by being conscious of your vocalized fillers during informal conversations and settings.

Extemporaneous

Extemporaneous speaking is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes.

Speaking extemporaneously has some advantages. It promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as knowledgeable and credible since you know the speech well enough that you don’t need to read it. In addition, your audience is likely to pay better attention to the message because it is engaging both verbally and nonverbally. By using notes rather than a full manuscript (or everything that you’re going to say), the extemporaneous speaker can establish and maintain eye contact with the audience and assess how well they are understanding the speech as it progresses. It also allows flexibility; you are working from the strong foundation of an outline, but if you need to delete, add, or rephrase something at the last minute or to adapt to your audience, you can do so. The outline also helps you be aware of main ideas vs. subordinate ones.

Because extemporaneous speaking is the style used in the great majority of public speaking situations, most of the information in the subsequent sections of this chapter is targeted toward this kind of speaking.

Manuscript speaking is the word-for-word iteration of a written message. In a manuscript speech, the speaker maintains their attention on the printed page except when using presentation aids.

The advantage to reading from a manuscript is the exact repetition of original words. This can be extremely important in some circumstances. For example, reading a statement about your organization’s legal responsibilities to customers may require that the original words be exact. In reading one word at a time, in order, the only errors would typically be mispronunciation of a word or stumbling over complex sentence structure. A manuscript speech may also be appropriate at a more formal affair (like a funeral), when your speech must be said exactly as written in order to convey the proper emotion or decorum the situation deserves.

However, there are costs involved in manuscript speaking. First, it’s typically an uninteresting way to present. Unless the speaker has rehearsed the reading as a complete performance animated with vocal expression and gestures (well-known authors often do this for book readings), the presentation tends to be dull. Keeping one’s eyes glued to the script prevents eye contact with the audience. For this kind of “straight” manuscript speech to hold audience attention, the audience must be already interested in the message and speaker before the delivery begins. Finally, because the full notes are required, speakers often require a lectern to place their notes, restricting movement and the ability to engage with the audience. Without something to place the notes on, speakers have to manage full-page speaking notes, and that can be distracting.

It is worth noting that professional speakers, actors, news reporters, and politicians often read from an autocue device, such as a teleprompter, especially when appearing on television, where eye contact with the camera is crucial. With practice, a speaker can achieve a conversational tone and give the impression of speaking extemporaneously and maintaining eye contact while using an autocue device. However, success in this medium depends on two factors: (1) the speaker is already an accomplished public speaker who has learned to use a conversational tone while delivering a prepared script, and (2) the speech is written in a style that sounds conversational.

Memorized speaking is reciting a written message that the speaker has committed to memory. Actors, of course, recite from memory whenever they perform from a script in a stage play, television program, or movie. When it comes to speeches, memorization can be useful when the message needs to be exact, and the speaker doesn’t want to be confined by notes.

Memorization, however, can be tricky. First, if you lose your place and start trying to ad lib, the contrast in your style of delivery will alert your audience that something is wrong. If you go completely blank during the presentation, it will be extremely difficult to find your place and keep going. Obviously, memorizing a typical seven-minute classroom speech takes a great deal of time and effort, and if you aren’t used to memorizing, it is very difficult to pull off.

We recommend playing with all 4 types of delivery (though extemporaneous is most common in public speaking). Once you identify what type of delivery style you’ll use in a speech, it’s time to rehearse. We will discuss best practices for rehearsing in Chapter 20. Let us focus now on elements of effective speech delivery.

Vocal Aspects of Delivery

Though we speak frequently during the course of a day, a formal speech requires extra attention to detail in preparation of a more formal speech presentation. What can one do in advance to prepare for a speech? The challenge is partly determined by the speaker’s experience, background and sometimes cultural influence and existing habits of speaking. Articulation, Pronunciation, Dialect, Tone, Pitch, and Projection each depends on long-term practice for success. These aspects are like signatures and should be developed and used by each speaker according to his own persona.

Voice, or vocal sound, is made when controlled air being exhaled from the lungs, passes over the vocal cords causing a controlled vibration. The vibrating air resonates in the body, chest cavity, mouth, and nasal passages. The vibrating air causes a chain reaction with the air in the room. The room’s air, set in motion by the voice, is captured by the listener’s ear. The vibration of the air against the eardrum is transferred to electrical impulses that are interpreted by the listener’s brain. Thus, the sounds we can make are predicated on the breaths that we take.

“Crying baby” by Brazzouk. CC-BY-SA .

TRY THIS! BREATHING

Talk without breathing. It cannot be done. So, if you are screaming (like a baby), you are also breathing!

The first word of advice on speaking to an audience: BREATHE!

Articulation

We are often judged by how well we speak in general. A measure of perceived intellect or education is how well we articulate . That is: how well and correctly we form our vowels and consonants using our lips, jaw, tongue, and palate to form the sounds that are identified as speech. Diction and enunciation are other terms that refer to the same idea. For instance, saying “going to” instead of “gonna” or “did not” instead of “dint” are examples of good versus poor articulation. Consonant and vowels are spoken with standard accepted precision, and serious students and speakers will strive to practice the clarity of their sounds. Proper diction is as integral to the English language as proper spelling, but it takes practice.

Pronunciation

Proper articulation applied to a given word is that word’s pronunciation . The pronunciation includes how the vowels and consonants are produced as well as which syllable is emphasized. For generations, speakers depended on “markings (such as the International Phonetics Alphabet or similar Dictionary Symbols) to discover or decide how words were officially pronounced. With online dictionaries now readily available, one needs only to “look up” a word and select “play” to hear an audible recording of the official and precise way a word should be pronounced. Now there is no excuse for mispronouncing a word in a speech. A mispronounced word will obliterate a speaker’s credibility, and the audience’s attention will be focused on the fault rather than the message.

TRY THIS! PRONUNCIATION

1. Flip through a book, article or scholarly work until you come to a word that is unfamiliar and you can only guess its pronunciation.

2. Go to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary website and look up the word.

3. When the definition appears, click the icon of the loudspeaker. The word is audibly pronounced for you.

The online dictionary is useful in both articulation as well as pronunciation.

Accent, Dialect, and Regionalisms

Speaker of the Iraqi Parliament Hachim al-Hasani.

“Iraqi speaker” by Office of United States Rep. Ellen Tauscher. Public domain.

Subtleties in the way we pronounce words and phrase our speech within a given language are evident in accents , regionalisms , and dialects . An accent refers to the degree of prominence of the way syllables are spoken in words, as when someone from Australia says “undah” whereas we say “under.” A regionalism is a type of expression, as when someone says “The dog wants walked,” instead of “the dog wants to go for a walk.” Dialect is a variety of language where one is distinguished from others by grammar and vocabulary. In Pennsylvania you might hear people say that they are going to “red up the room,” which means “to clean the room.”

Those who depend on speaking for a career (broadcasters, politicians, and entertainers) will often strive for unaccented General or Standard English. Listen to most major network newscasters for examples of regionalism-free speech. A given audience may be prejudiced towards or against a speaker with an identifiable accent or dialect. Though we would wish prejudice were not the case, the way we speak implies so much about our education, cultural background, and economic status, that prejudice is inevitable. Any speaker should be aware of how accent, dialect , and regionalisms can be perceived by a given audience. If you speak in a way that the audience might find difficult to understand, make an extra effort to pay attention to the accent and phrasing of your speech. Ask a sympathetic and objective listener to help you when you practice.

We often refuse to accept an idea merely because the tone of voice in which it has been expressed is unsympathetic to us. – Friedrich Nietzsche

Vocal Quality

The quality of the voice, its timbre (distinctive sound) and texture, affects audibility and can affect the articulation. Our voices are unique to each of us. It is a result of our physical vocal instrument, including diaphragm, vocal cords, lungs and body mass. Some examples of vocal quality include warm, clear, soft, scratchy, mellow and breathy. Each speaker should practice at maximizing the vocal effect of their instrument, which can be developed with vocal exercises. There are numerous books, recordings and trainers available to develop one’s vocal quality when needed. The quality of one’s voice is related to its range of pitch.

TRY THIS! INFLECTION

Your voice goes UP, and then your voice goes d o w n.

Pitch and Inflection

Identical to musical parlance, the pitch is the “highness” or “lowness” of the voice. Each of us has a range of tone . Vocal sounds are actually vibrations sent out from the vocal cords resonating through chambers in the body. The vibrations can literally be measured in terms of audio frequency in the same way music is measured. When the pitch is altered to convey a meaning (like raising the pitch at the end of a sentence that is a question), it is the inflection. Inflections are variations, turns and slides in pitch to achieve the meaning.

In his writing “Poetics,” Aristotle lists “Music” as an element of the Drama. Some scholars interpret that to include the musicalization of the spoken word with dramatic inflection . The meaning and effectiveness of a spoken line is greatly dependent on the “melody” of its inflection.

Though archaic, the study of elocution formalizes the conventions of inflection. In some contemporary cultures, inflection has been minimized because it sounds too “melodramatic” for the taste of the demographic group. It would be sensible to be aware of and avoid both extremes. With effective animated inflection, a speaker is more interesting, and the inflection conveys energy and “aliveness” that compels the audience to listen.

“Ice-T” by Tino Jacobs. CC-BY .

When public speaking was known as elocution, sentences were “scored” like music, and spoken using formal rules. Sentences ending as a question went UP at the end. Sentences ending in a period, ended with a base note. And everyone had fun with exclamation points!

For most of music in history, including Opera, Broadway, and early Rock and Roll, songs were written so that the melody (raising and lowering the pitch) was consistent with what would be spoken. Many of today’s songs, notably Rap songs, depend solely on rhythm. There is little if any inflection (melody) to enhance a lyric’s meaning. Certain languages differ in their dependence on inflection. Japanese and German seem monotonic compared to Italian and French, which offer great variety of inflection.

The human voice is the most beautiful instrument of all, but it is the most difficult to play. – Richard Strauss

Even someone one who is not a singer can be expressive with inflection and pitch. Like the “Think System” of Professor Harold Hill in the musical The Music Man. If you THINK varied pitch, you can SPEAK varied pitch. Think of pitch inflections as seasoning spices that can make the speech more interesting. Sing “Happy Birthday.” You do not have to concentrate or analyze how to create the melody in your voice. Your memory and instinct take over. Notice how the pitch also provides an audible version of punctuation, letting the audience know if your sentence has ended, if it is a question, and so on. The melody lets the audience know that there is more to come (a comma) and when the phrase is ended (a period). Remember that in a speech, the audience does not have the written punctuation to follow, so you have to provide the punctuation with your inflection.

TRY THIS! VOCAL VARIATION

Find a listening partner. Using only the sounds of “la” ha,” and “oh,” convey the meaning of the following:

1. It’s the biggest thing I’ve ever seen!

2. I’ve fallen and can’t get up!

3. That soup is disgusting and spoiled.

4. I got an “A” in my Speech Final!

If you cannot relay the meaning with just sounds, try a second time (each) with gestures and facial expressions until the listener understands. Then say the lines with the expressive inflections you have developed using only the sounds.

Those who do not use inflection, or use a range of pitch, are speaking in monotone . And, as the word implies, it can be monotonous, boring, and dull. A balance between melodramatic and monotonous would be preferred. The inflection should have a meaningful and interesting variety. Be careful not to turn a pattern of inflection into a repetitious sound. Think through each phrase and its musicalization separately.

Many speakers have developed the habit of ending each sentence as though it is a question. It may be becoming increasingly common. In the wake of the Valley Girl syndrome of the 1980’s, a bad inflection habit has entered the speech pattern: Some speakers end a declarative sentence with the inflection of a question.

Do you know what I mean?

A word of caution: Inflection and varied pitch must be “organic,” that is to say, natural for the speaker. You cannot fake it, or it sounds artificial and disingenuous. It is a skill that needs to develop over a period of time.

Rate of Speaking

In order to retain clarity of the speech with articulation and inflection, the speaker must be aware that there is a range of appropriate tempo for speaking. If the tempo is too slow, the speech might resemble a monotonous peal. If it is too fast, the articulation could suffer if consonants or vowels are dropped or rushed to keep up the speed. An audience could become frustrated with either extreme. The tempo needs to be appropriate to the speaker’s style, but neither paced like a Gilbertian Lyric (as in “Gilbert and Sullivan”) patter nor a funereal dirge. A comfortable and clear pace is the best. An ideal speaking rate will allow you to comfortably increase your pace to create a sense of excitement, or slow down to emphasize the seriousness of a topic.

It is simple nonsense to speak of the fixed tempo of any particular vocal phrase. Each voice has its peculiarities. – Anton Seidl

Pauses Versus Vocalized Pauses

A text that is read has punctuation that the reader can see…miniature landmarks to define the text. When spoken, similar punctuation is needed for comprehension, and the speaker’s responsibility is to offer the text with pauses. Space between phrases, properly planted, gives the audience the opportunity to understand the structure of the speaker’s sentences and paragraphs. It also gives time for the audience to “digest” crucial phrases.

Generally, spoken sentences and paragraphs need to be simpler and shorter than what can be comprehended by reading. Pauses can help increase comprehension.

However, pauses that are filled with “uh’s, “um’s,” etc., are called vocalized pauses , or fillers , and should be avoided. They can be distracting, annoying, and give the impression of a lack of preparation if used excessively. Even worse is the use of vernacular phrases like, “y’know” (a contraction of “Do You Know”) which gives the impression of lack of education or lack of concern for the audience. The use of vocalized pauses may be the result of a habit that deserves an effort to be overcome. Avoid using phrases such as “Uh,” “OK?”, “y’know”, “like…, I mean,” “right?”

Vocal Projection

The volume produced by the vocal instrument is projection . Supporting the voice volume with good breathing and energy can be practiced, and helping a speaker develop the correct volume is a main task of a vocal trainer, teacher or coach. Good vocal support with good posture, breathing, and energy should be practiced regularly, long before a speech is delivered. There are numerous exercises devoted to developing projection capabilities.

While there is no need to shout, a speaker should project to be easily heard from the furthest part of the audience. Even if the speech is amplified with a microphone/sound system, one must speak with projection and energy. As with your rate of speech, you should speak at a volume that comfortably allows you to increase the volume of your voice without seeming to shout or decrease the volume of your voice and still be heard by all audience members.

Do not expect to walk up to the podium and have a full voice. Actors spend about a half-hour doing vocal warm-ups, and singers warm up much more. You might not have an opportunity to warm up immediately before your speech, but when you can, warm up with humming, yawning (loudly) or singing scales: all while breathing deeply and efficiently. It will loosen your voice, prevent irritation, and fire up your vocal energy.

TRY THIS! PROJECTION

Go to the room in which you are to speak. Have a friend sit as far away from the podium is possible. Rehearse your speech, talking loudly enough so your friend can hear you comfortably. That is the projection you will need. When you mentally focus on the distant listener, you will tend to project better.

One final note: If public speaking is or will be an important part of your career, it would be sensible to have an evaluation of your voice, articulation and projection done by an objective professional so you can take any remedial action that might be recommended. There are courses of study, private lessons, and professional voice coaches to work with your voice projection, tone, and pitch.

Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with deeper meaning. – Maya Angelou

While vocal aspects of delivery are certainly important, they do not paint the entire picture. Nonverbal aspects of delivery are discussed next; these include your appearance, posture, gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions.

Nonverbal Aspects of Delivery

Woman in a business suit delivering a presentation.

Women in Business Leadership Conf. by UCLA Anderson. CC-BY-NC-SA .

Personal Appearance

Here is the golden rule: Dress appropriately for the situation. You don’t need to sport a power tie (the predictable red tie politicians wore in the 1980s), but you should be comfortable and confident knowing that you look good.

With the exception of wearing formal black-tie tuxedo to a hockey game, it is good practice to dress a bit more formal than less. Err on the side of formal. Most class speeches would be best in business casual (which can vary from place to place and in time). The culture or standards of the audience should be considered.

There are exceptions depending on the speech. A student once arrived in pajamas to deliver his 9 a.m. speech. At first, I thought he got up too late to dress for class. However, his speech was on Sleep Deprivation, and his costume was deliberate. What he wore contributed to his speech.

If you have long hair, be sure it is out of the way so it won’t cover your face. Flipping hair out of your face is very distracting, so it is wise to secure it with clips, gel, or some other method. Be sure you can be seen, especially your eyes and your mouth, even as you glance down to the podium.

Think of it as an interview…just like in an interview, you will want to make a good first impression. The corporate culture of the business will determine the dress. Always dress at the level of the person conducting the interview. For example, a construction supervisor (or project manager) will conduct an interview to hire you as a carpenter. Do not dress like a carpenter, dress like the project manager.

Actors know when they audition, the role is won by the time they step into the room. A speaker can launch success by stepping confidently to the podium.

Be tidy and clean. If you appear as though you took time to prepare because your speech is important, then your audience will recognize and respect what you have to say.

Movement and Gestures

Overall movement and specific gestures are integral to a speech. Body stance, gestures and facial expressions can be generally categorized as body language . Movement should be relaxed and natural, and not excessive. How you move takes practice. Actors usually have the advantage of directors helping to make decisions about movement, but a good objective listener or a rehearsal in front of a large mirror can yield productive observations.

“Barack Obama at Las Vegas Presidential Forum” by Center for American Progress Action Fund. CC-BY-SA .

Moving around the performance space can be a very powerful component of a speech; however, it should be rehearsed as part of the presentation. Too much movement can be distracting. This is particularly true if the movement appears to be a result of nervousness. Avoid fidgeting, stroking your hair, and any other nervousness-related movement.

Among the traditional common fears of novice speakers is not knowing what to do with one’s hands. Sometimes the speaker relies on clutching to the podium or keeping hands in pockets. Neither is a good pose. From my own observation, hand gestures are very common in Italy. We Italians can be seen in conversation from across the street, and an observer can often tell what is being said. There is no need to imitate an Italian in delivering a speech, but hand movement and the energy that the movement represents, can help hold attention as well as help express the message.

An actor practices using the entire body for expression, and regularly practices physical exercises to keep the body and hands and arms relaxed and in motion. An actor’s hand gestures are developed in rehearsal. A speaker’s gestures should also be considered during practice.

During the period when elocution was taught, hand gestures were regimented like a sign language. This is nonsense. Like inflections, gestures and movement should be organic and spontaneous, not contrived. If there is a hint of artificiality in your presentation, you will sacrifice your credibility.

TRY THIS! GESTURES

Using only your hands, convey the following:

“I give up.”
“I caught a fish, and it was THIS big!”
“We will be victorious.”

Facial Expressions

Most readers are very familiar with emoticons like these:

🙂 🙁 :p 😀 😉 :/

Emoticons were not casual inventions, but graphic depictions of facial expressions that convey various meanings of emotions. They are based on a nearly universal language of expression that we begin learning soon after birth. We smile, we frown, we roll our eyes, and we wink. We open eyes wide with astonishment. We raise our eyebrows…occasionally one at a time, in suspicion; both, in astonishment. Sometimes we pucker our lips, either to offer a kiss or express disapproval, disappointment, or grave concern.

“Castefest 2011, Gothic” by Qsimple. CC-BY-NC-SA .

Since facial expression is a valid form of communication, it is integral to delivering a speech. The face supports the text, and the speaker’s commitment to the material is validated. The press scrutinizes a politician for every twitch of insincerity. Detectives have created a science of facial communication for interviewing suspects. Like inflections, gestures and movement: facial expressions should be organic and spontaneous, not contrived. If there is a hint of artificiality in your expression, you will sacrifice your credibility.

TRY THIS! FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

While looking in a mirror, try to express these thoughts without words:

“I am thrilled that I am getting a raise.”
“I am worried about tomorrow.”
“Lemons are too sour for me.”
“I am suspicious about what he did.”

After you have determined a facial expression for each, say the phrase. And see how well the verbal expression goes with the nonverbal expression.

Eye Contact

Next to clearly speaking an organized text, eye contact is another very important element of speaking. An audience must feel interested in the speaker and know the speaker cares about them. Whether addressing an audience of 1000 or speaking across a “deuce” (table for two), eye contact solidifies the relationship between the speaker and audience. Good eye contact takes practice. The best practice is to scan the audience, making contact with each member of the audience.

However, there are some eye contact failures.

Head Bobber

People who bob their head looking down on the notes and up to the audience in an almost rhythmic pattern.

Balcony Gazer

People who look over the heads of their audience to avoid looking at any individual.

The Obsessor

A person who looks at one or two audience members or who only looks in one direction.

Developing Good Eye Contact

The best way to develop good eye contact is to have an objective listener watch and comment on the eye contact.

The eyes are called the windows to the soul, and the importance of eye contact in communication cannot be overemphasized. Ideally, a speaker should include 80% to 90% of the delivery time with eye contact.

Eye contact is so important that modern teleprompters are designed to allow the speaker to look at the audience while actually reading the speech. The Presidential Teleprompter (two angled pieces of glass functioning like a periscope) is used so the politician can “connect” to the audience without missing a single syllable. Audience members will be much more attentive and responsive if they believe the speech is directed to them.

With good eye contact, the speaker can also observe and gauge the attention and response of the audience. This is actually part of the feedback process of communication. The ideal is that the audience is not overly aware of the speaker using notes.

How do you develop good eye contact? First, practice the speech with a generous amount of eye contact. Second, know the speech well enough to only periodically (and quickly) glance at your notes. Third, prepare your notes so they can be easily read and followed without hesitation.

There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure . – Colin Powell

LICENSES AND ATTRIBUTIONS CC LICENSED CONTENT, SHARED PREVIOUSLY

Types of delivery adapted from Speak out, Call In. Speak Out, Call In: Public Speaking as Advocacy by Meggie Mapes is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.
Chapter 12 Vocal Aspects of Delivery. Authored by : Victor Capecce, M.F.A.. Provided by : Millersville University, Millersville, PA. Located at : http://publicspeakingproject.org/psvirtualtext.html . Project : The Public Speaking Project. License : CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
Crying baby. Authored by : Brazzouk. Provided by : MorgueFile. Located at : https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crying_baby.jpg . License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
Ice-T. Authored by : Tino Jacobs. Located at : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ice-T_(2).jpg . License : CC BY: Attribution
Chapter 12 Nonverbal Aspects of Delivery. Authored by : Victor Capecce, M.F.A.. Provided by : Millersville University, Millersville, PA. Located at : http://publicspeakingproject.org/psvirtualtext.html . Project : The Public Speaking Project. License : CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
Barack Obama at Las Vegas Presidential Forum. Provided by : Center for American Progress Action Fund. Located at : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_at_Las_Vegas_Presidential_Forum.jpg . License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
Women in Business Leadership Conf.. Authored by : UCLA Anderson. Located at : https://flic.kr/p/kvxbXN . License : CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike

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Student Opinion

Should We Get Rid of Homework?

Some educators are pushing to get rid of homework. Would that be a good thing?

By Jeremy Engle and Michael Gonchar

Do you like doing homework? Do you think it has benefited you educationally?

Has homework ever helped you practice a difficult skill — in math, for example — until you mastered it? Has it helped you learn new concepts in history or science? Has it helped to teach you life skills, such as independence and responsibility? Or, have you had a more negative experience with homework? Does it stress you out, numb your brain from busywork or actually make you fall behind in your classes?

Should we get rid of homework?

In “ The Movement to End Homework Is Wrong, ” published in July, the Times Opinion writer Jay Caspian Kang argues that homework may be imperfect, but it still serves an important purpose in school. The essay begins:

Do students really need to do their homework? As a parent and a former teacher, I have been pondering this question for quite a long time. The teacher side of me can acknowledge that there were assignments I gave out to my students that probably had little to no academic value. But I also imagine that some of my students never would have done their basic reading if they hadn’t been trained to complete expected assignments, which would have made the task of teaching an English class nearly impossible. As a parent, I would rather my daughter not get stuck doing the sort of pointless homework I would occasionally assign, but I also think there’s a lot of value in saying, “Hey, a lot of work you’re going to end up doing in your life is pointless, so why not just get used to it?” I certainly am not the only person wondering about the value of homework. Recently, the sociologist Jessica McCrory Calarco and the mathematics education scholars Ilana Horn and Grace Chen published a paper, “ You Need to Be More Responsible: The Myth of Meritocracy and Teachers’ Accounts of Homework Inequalities .” They argued that while there’s some evidence that homework might help students learn, it also exacerbates inequalities and reinforces what they call the “meritocratic” narrative that says kids who do well in school do so because of “individual competence, effort and responsibility.” The authors believe this meritocratic narrative is a myth and that homework — math homework in particular — further entrenches the myth in the minds of teachers and their students. Calarco, Horn and Chen write, “Research has highlighted inequalities in students’ homework production and linked those inequalities to differences in students’ home lives and in the support students’ families can provide.”

Mr. Kang argues:

But there’s a defense of homework that doesn’t really have much to do with class mobility, equality or any sense of reinforcing the notion of meritocracy. It’s one that became quite clear to me when I was a teacher: Kids need to learn how to practice things. Homework, in many cases, is the only ritualized thing they have to do every day. Even if we could perfectly equalize opportunity in school and empower all students not to be encumbered by the weight of their socioeconomic status or ethnicity, I’m not sure what good it would do if the kids didn’t know how to do something relentlessly, over and over again, until they perfected it. Most teachers know that type of progress is very difficult to achieve inside the classroom, regardless of a student’s background, which is why, I imagine, Calarco, Horn and Chen found that most teachers weren’t thinking in a structural inequalities frame. Holistic ideas of education, in which learning is emphasized and students can explore concepts and ideas, are largely for the types of kids who don’t need to worry about class mobility. A defense of rote practice through homework might seem revanchist at this moment, but if we truly believe that schools should teach children lessons that fall outside the meritocracy, I can’t think of one that matters more than the simple satisfaction of mastering something that you were once bad at. That takes homework and the acknowledgment that sometimes a student can get a question wrong and, with proper instruction, eventually get it right.

Students, read the entire article, then tell us:

Should we get rid of homework? Why, or why not?

Is homework an outdated, ineffective or counterproductive tool for learning? Do you agree with the authors of the paper that homework is harmful and worsens inequalities that exist between students’ home circumstances?

Or do you agree with Mr. Kang that homework still has real educational value?

When you get home after school, how much homework will you do? Do you think the amount is appropriate, too much or too little? Is homework, including the projects and writing assignments you do at home, an important part of your learning experience? Or, in your opinion, is it not a good use of time? Explain.

In these letters to the editor , one reader makes a distinction between elementary school and high school:

Homework’s value is unclear for younger students. But by high school and college, homework is absolutely essential for any student who wishes to excel. There simply isn’t time to digest Dostoyevsky if you only ever read him in class.

What do you think? How much does grade level matter when discussing the value of homework?

Is there a way to make homework more effective?

If you were a teacher, would you assign homework? What kind of assignments would you give and why?

Want more writing prompts? You can find all of our questions in our Student Opinion column . Teachers, check out this guide to learn how you can incorporate them into your classroom.

Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public.

Jeremy Engle joined The Learning Network as a staff editor in 2018 after spending more than 20 years as a classroom humanities and documentary-making teacher, professional developer and curriculum designer working with students and teachers across the country. More about Jeremy Engle

Seven Tactics For Tackling Extemp

by Catherine Alles | Nov 2, 2018 | Communication/Rhetoric , Extemporaneous , Speech Events | 0 comments

Extemporaneous is an intimidating speech category, but it is also one of the most rewarding. Competing in Extemp builds your critical thinking skills, makes you a more informed citizen, and is an incredible opportunity to share your opinion on important issues with the judges. Every speech is a blank slate, and you have complete freedom to say whatever you want.

Looking back on my speeches, I can see clear patterns of different approaches I would take to answer the questions. I can see these strategies now retrospectively, but I wish I would have realized them in advance and used them intentionally.

Understanding these seven different approaches and when to use them will help you know which question to choose and how to structure your three points. There are advantages and disadvantages to each approach, and which one you use depends entirely on the question and how it’s worded.

Tactic 1: Answer, Then Support

In this approach, you start off by answering the question, and then your three points all support of that answer. Your answer is not one of your three points; you answer the question before you start the real content of your speech.

Will Facebook’s “trustworthiness score” effectively combat misinformation? I said “No,” and then supported it with 3 points: “Not Individualized,” “Confirms Bias,” and “Censorship.”

Has Putin restored Russia’s global influence? Yes! “Syria,” “Israel,” and “Russia.”

Should Ivanka Trump refrain from wearing her own brand of clothing? Yes. “Conflict of interest,” “Potential Corruption,” and “Harmed Relatability.”

When to use this tactic: This approach works best when answering yes or no questions. Take a stand, and then back it up with further analysis.

Tactic 2: Inform, Then Answer

With this one, you give some background and set up your answer before directly addressing the question. Sometimes, you will be giving a speech on an issue that is not always in the top headlines. When this is the case, it is important to educate your judges on the background and context of the situation before diving into your analysis.

What should Ecuador do about its Julian Assange problem? My three points: “Problem,” “For Ecuador,” and “Their Solution.” It is not common knowledge that Julian Assange is in Ecuador, or what their problem is, so I used the first two points to establish that context.

What does the SCOTUS decision on North Carolina’s congressional map mean for Wisconsin? “Gerrymandering,” “The Decision,” and “Wisconsin.” If I hadn’t told the judges what the SCOTUS decision was or what gerrymandering was, many of them may have been completely lost during my third point about what the decision means for Wisconsin.

Should the Citizenship of the Wind Rush Generation be questioned? “Who Are They,” “What do they want,” and “Should Not be Questioned.”

When to use this tactic: When the topic of the question is not common knowledge. Sometimes topics can be explained during the answer, but some topics require more background than others.

Tactic 3: Answer, Then Go Deeper

Sometimes, the question has a very short answer. If this is the case, then you want to make the speech more interesting and go beyond what the question would limit you to.

Will Canada stick by its promise to bring in high numbers of refugees? Yes! “Action,” “Response,” and “Impact.” I took the stand that Canada will follow through on its promise. But then I talked about what the response will be and the impact. The question technically didn’t ask for those last two points, but I went beyond the question to provide extra analysis and a more interesting speech to my judges.

Will the President’s recognition of Jerusalem harm relations between Israel and Palestine? My response was something along the lines of “DUH OF COURSE.” “Worsened Relationships,” “Negotiations Unlikely,” and “Why the US Shouldn’t care.” Only my first point directly answers the question, but if that’s all I were to say, that would be a very lame speech. I go on to talk about how unlikely negotiations are because of the worsened relations, and lastly why the US shouldn’t care.

When to use this tactic: Often, the answer to Extemp questions are very short: yes or no. If you leave it at that, how are you going to fill up seven minutes? Going deeper means providing further analysis beyond what the question asks you to answer.

Tactic 4: Mediate, Then Decide

Show both sides of the issue, then present why you believe one is more convincing than the other. Making a case for both sides will improve your persuasive skills and help you understand that there are always two sides to an issue. Deciding at the end shows the judge that you still have an opinion.

Is Iran’s Revolutionary Guard a terrorist organization? “The Iranian Case,” “Trump’s case,” and “Yes! + Why the US should designate them as one.” Before I answer the question, I inform the judges on the arguments from both sides. This provides good context and background for the actual answer.

Will the Democrats’ infrastructure plan be a better tax than the recently passed tax law? “Strategy,” “Case for taxing the rich,” and “Case against taxing the rich.”

When to use this tactic: Whenever you have a question that there is controversy about, it can be beneficial to show both sides. This often makes your speech more interesting, engaging, and credible.

Tactic 5: Mediate and Don’t Decide

This approach is similar to #4, but instead of taking a stand at the end, you give a weak cop-out answer either saying “maybe,” “it depends,” “I don’t know,” or passing the decision on to someone else.

Should CEOs insert their companies into polarizing political debates? “Case for,” “Case against,” and “Personal Choice.” This time, I decided I wasn’t confident enough on either side to answer the question directly.

When to use this tactic: Though this approach is an option, 90% of the time, I don’t recommend using it. The example above was the only time I could find/remember using it. Usually judges want you to directly answer the question, and any approach like this can make it seem like you’re not confident or like you’re avoiding the question. However, in select cases, I think it can be effective: if you can make a case that someone else should decide, that it depends on the situation, or that it’s impossible to know.

Tactic 6: Answer, Then Qualify

Give your answer, but then show how you’re not completely certain and how it could easily go the other way. You’re still giving a clear answer, but hedging your bets against the other side too by sneaking in a little doubt through devil’s advocacy.

What impact would a complete laptop ban have on airlines? “Why ban,” “Huge Backlash,” and “No Net Loss.” Those last two points may be contradictory, but they are showing two different options that could happen. I promoted one over the other, and kind of showed two separate impacts, but also said something else could very well happen too.

Can Marie Le Pen re-brand the National Front? Yes, but the change is insignificant. This question is focusing on the wrong thing. In this example I answered the question, but then “undermined” my own point by saying it was insignificant and didn’t really matter.

When to use this tactic: When you need to answer the question but also still have lingering doubts about your answer. It is okay to qualify the answer or critique the question.

Tactic 7: Three Standalone Points

With this one, you can present different approaches to the question dealing with different perspectives. Different answers for different situations.

How will Mike Pompeo impact foreign policy if he is confirmed as Secretary of State? “Iran,” “Torture,” and “War Philosophy.” In this speech, I talked about three different ways Mike Pompeo would impact foreign policy.

What does the future hold for Mauricio Macri in Argentina? “Midterm Success,” “Unpopular Reforms,” and “Economic Success.”

When to use this tactic: When the answer depends on the situation. You can have three separate answers in three different areas. This approach is not for yes or no questions, but open ended ones.

These different approaches are completely customizable. I’m sure there are many more than seven strategies out there; these are simply the ones I found looking back at my speeches. Again, I wish I would have realized these approaches and been more organized when I was competing. I think knowing these approaches ahead of time and when to use them would have saved time during prep, and made my speeches clearer and more effective. I hope you find these useful!

11.2: Methods of Delivery

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Lisa Schreiber and Morgan Hartranft
Millersville University via Public Speaking Project

There are four basic methods(sometimes called styles) of presenting a speech: manuscript, memorized, extemporaneous, and impromptu. Each has a variety of uses in various forums of communication.

manuscript style

The word manuscript is the clue to the style. The speech is written and the speaker reads it word for word to the audience. Originally, it was done from the hand-written paper manuscript. Today the manuscript style is common, but the paper is gone. Who reads the speech to the audience? Answer: Newscasters and television personalities. In the old days, the manuscript was hand-lettered on cue cards, which were held next to the camera lens. Then paper scrolls, like printed piano rolls were used, especially in Soap Operas. Today, a special teleprompter (working like a periscope) is attached to the camera so the newscaster is looking at the lens while reading.

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Why is the manuscript important and in use? Precision. In the news- reporting industry, every fraction of a second counts because broadcast time is costly. Also, the facts and names must be exact and accurate so there is no room for error. Errors in reporting decrease the credibility of the news organization and the newscaster.

The most regular use of the teleprompter for manuscript delivery is by the U.S. President. In fact, the teleprompter, used by every President since Reagan, is called a “Presidential Teleprompter.” It is made of two pieces of glass, each flanking the podium. They reflect the text from a monitor on the floor like a periscope. The glass on both sides has the same text, and the speaker looks alternately from one glass to the other as though looking at the audience through the glass. The audience cannot see the projected text. The speeches a President gives will often reflect national policy, define international relationships, and the press will scrutinize every syllable. It has to be more than brilliantly accurate; it has to be impeccably phased. Professional writers and policy experts compose the speech; and the President delivers it as though he not only wrote it, but made it up on the spot. That is the skill of a good politician, actor, or speaker. Those who are not skilled using a teleprompter or manuscript will sound stilted and boring.

memorized style

The memorized style of speaking is when the manuscript is committed to memory and recited to the audience verbatim (word for word). In the days when elocution was taught, this was a typical approach. A speech was a recitation. The Optimists Club (a national organization) used to have a “Oratory” contest for high school students. Contestants wrote essays on a given theme, to create a speech at a specific time length (e.g.: three minutes). The essay was memorized and the delivery was judged by 1) the quality of the writing, 2) the accuracy with which it was recited; and 3) the precise length of time. Such contests seem archaic by today’s more casual and somewhat less formal standards.

Where is a memorized delivery style still common? Due to copyright laws and licensing contract agreements (other than scripts that are in the public domain), actors on stage are obligated to memorize the script of the play and perform it verbatim exactly as written. It is typical for speakers on high school and university speech and debate teams to memorize their competitive speeches. Corporate conventions often use large LCD monitors on the front of the stage as teleprompters. This allows the speaker to move more freely across the stage while sticking to his or her script. Some monologists (such as the stand-up comics mentioned at the start of the chapter) also use a memorized delivery style. In all cases, they create the impression that the speech is using the memorized delivery style if your speech is relatively short, or you know you will have to deliver your speech repeatedly such as a tour operator would.

Try This! Manuscript Delivery

Watch the local or national 6 p.m., 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. newscasts on the same T.V. station. Make notes on which news items repeat and how closely, or exactly, the phrasing is, even if different personalities are presenting the same item.

impromptu style

Theoretically, an “impromptu” speech is “made up on the spot.” It is unprepared and unrehearsed. Often ceremonial toasts, grace before meals, an acknowledgement, an introduction, offering thanks and so on, fall into this category. While there are some occasions when a speech in those categories is actually prepared (prepare your acceptance for the Academy Award BEFORE you are called!), there are many occasions when there is little or no opportunity to prepare.

Impromptu speeches are generally short and are often given with little or no notice. Notes are rare and the speaker generally looks directly at the audience. It would be presumptuous and arrogant to declare rules for Impromptu Speaking. It is fair to explain that “impromptu” describes a range from absolutely no preparation, to a modest amount of preparation (mostly thought) and rarely incorporates research or the formalities of outlines and citations that more formal speeches would include.

Be still when you have nothing to say; when genuine passion moves you, say what you've got to say, and say it hot. ~ D. H. Lawrence

An indelibly memorable example occurred to me when my siblings threw a surprise 10$^{th}$ anniversary party for my Mom (Margaret) and our stepdad (Lidio). It was the third marriage for both of them, and they were in their 60’s. As soon as the yells of “surprise” subsided, Lidio picked up his wine glass and proposed a toast:

“I can’t believe this surprise! I don’t know what to say... um, Dino [his brother] when was that Yankee game Dad took us to when we were kids? It was 4$^{th}$ of July, wasn’t it? 1939? And it was like it was yesterday; and today reminds me of that day, when Lou Gehrig came out to the mound. He was slow, but we were all cheering the ‘Pride of the Yankees.’ He wasn’t playing anymore, he was too sick, but he looked around the crowd, and said ‘I’m the luckiest man alive.’ That’s how I feel with you all here today; to celebrate our 10$^{th}$ anniversary. I’m here with you and with Margaret; and I’m the luckiest man alive.”

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The speech was short, emotionally charged, wonderfully articulate, and absolutely unprepared. The speech had one central emotionally charged message; simple, in words and phrasing, but complex by bringing an image of great sentimentality to the occasion. He was able to react to the moment, and speak “from the heart.”

In contrast, legendary magician Harry Houdini was often asked to perform for the amusement of his fellow passengers when sailing to Europe. I always associate “impromptu” with the stories of Houdini’s shipboard conjuring. Nothing was further from “impromptu.” The skill of the great magician was in making his illusions seem spontaneous with what appeared to be ordinary items that “happened” to be on hand. Houdini spent endless hours planning and rehearsing. The true illusion was that they “appeared” to be impromptu.

Take advantage of every opportunity to practice your communication skills so that when important occasions arise, you will have the gift, the style, the sharpness, the clarity, and the emotions to affect other people.~ Jim Rohn

extemporaneous style

Sandwiched between the memorized and impromptu delivery styles you find the extemporaneous speech style. For this style, the speech is not completely written out. It is usually delivered with keynotes for reference. Most public speaking courses and books describe extemporaneous speeches as carefully prepared and rehearsed, but delivered using notes of key words and phrases to support the speaker. Phrasing is pre- rehearsed, words are pre-chosen, and the organization is fluid and well constructed. There should be no fumbling for words, no rambling, and length of time should be carefully monitored. The style does offer the speaker flexibility to include references to the immediate surroundings, previous speeches, news of the day, and so on.

The trouble with talking too fast is you may say something you haven't thought of yet." ~ Ann Landers

How you develops the notes and what they look like are up to the individual, but a natural extemporaneous delivery is difficult if you are relying on a manuscript. Under no circumstances should the speaker be spending more than 20% of the speaking time looking at the notes. It would be ideal to practice so you only glance at your notes approximately 5% of the time of the speech.

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Those who have limited experience in formal speaking find it helpful to write out the speech as though it were an essay, then read it, edit it, then create speaking notes from the text. This helps with editing and with thinking through the phrases. This process of public speaking was taught decades ago to my contemporaries and me and has fallen out of fashion. But it is a useful way of thoroughly thinking through the speech. If this procedure is used, it is advisable to rehearse the speech with the notes without the essay prior to delivering the speech. But be warned: having the fully written essay at the podium might detract from the delivery.

The extemporaneous style is the method most often recommended (and often required) in today’s public speaking courses, and is generally the best method in other settings as well. While it is not the only method of delivering a speech, it is the most useful for presentations in other courses, in the corporate world and in pursuing future careers.

Here's what an education expert says about that viral 'no-homework' policy

A teacher in Texas gained national attention — and sparked debate — when she invoked a no-homework policy for her second-grade students.

Brandy Young, who's been teaching for 8 years, told INSIDER that she handed out flyers detailing her new policy at a "Meet the Teacher" night at Godley Elementary School in Godley, Texas. Here's what it said:

"After much research this summer, I am trying something new. Homework will only consist of work that your student did not finish during the school day. There will be no formally assigned homework this year. Research has been unable to prove that homework improves student performance. Rather, I ask that you spend your evenings doing things that are proven to correlate with student success. Eat dinner as a family, read together, play outside, and get your child to bed early."

The policy went viral when a parent posted a photo of the flyer on Facebook. So far it's been shared more than 70,000 times.

Most parents seem to agree with Young's decision — there's an outpouring of supportive comments on Facebook.

But others aren't so sure. " This seems to be the lazy extreme," one commenter wrote. "I s that how we want to prepare kids for college and then real life?" asked another.

But what does an education expert say?

David Bloomfield, education professor at Brooklyn College and the City University of New York graduate center, told INSIDER that Young's judgment is sound.

"The lasting educational value of homework at that age is not proven," he said.

Watch: This robot competition inspired students and will get you excited about the future

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Extemporaneous Speech – Definition, Tips, List of 100 Topics.

24 May, 2020

15 minutes read

Author: Mathieu Johnson

Do you belong to that type of people who fear to speak on education topics in public? Then check our list of extemporaneous speech topics to get yourself started.

Definition of Extemporaneous Speech

What is an extemporaneous speech you may ask? The essence of this type of speech lies in answering the question in a school assignment or tournament in front of the audience. In comparison to impromptu speech that requires zero time for topic preparation, extemporaneous speaking does allow us to take some time and take notes before entering the stage.

While giving a speech looks like a terrifying task, the art of extemporaneous delivery is not that hard to master. After all, there is a reliable essay writer , that can provide you with a brilliant text if you don’t know how to write an extemporaneous speech.

Extemporaneous Speech Tips

Stick to One Presentation Structure

For those who don’t know what is extemporaneous delivery – the answer is simple. It’s a natural ability to speak on a topic without or with little preliminary preparation for a speech. The best way to develop your extemporaneous style is to use a solid structure, like the SEE one. The abbreviation stands for statement, evidence, and emotion. This scheme is a useful tool for you to utilize when you need to speak extemporaneously during a speech. For example, when you’re asked to speak on your recent class project in an extemporaneous speech, divide your answer into blocks. First, provide a statement that tells about your success on the project. Then, give some evidence of your hard work on the task to back up your initial statement. Finally, appeal to emotion by sharing an interesting story associated with the project.

Tap into the Power of Extemporaneous Presentation Methods

There might be situations when you’ll feel uncomfortable speaking to a large – or not very – number of people. Your audience will sense this inner tension during the speech unless you find a way to maintain communication with them. One of the time-proven means of delivering an excellent speech is to be kind and speak nicely. Keep eye contact with people you talk to, smile naturally, and visually scan the audience to make them feel that you’re confident. Another great trick to use in case of confusion or oblivion during an extemporaneous speech is to create an intentional pause whenever you forget the text. This way, you’ll heat the interest of listeners for your speech even more.

Don’t Strive to Memorize Everything at Once

Learning texts by heart is a great practice anytime, except when it comes to giving an extemporaneous speech. Memorizing everything you want to pronounce in front of the audience will only distract you from what’s important – the message you want to speak on. You’ll only want to remember words from the notes instead of focusing on the essence of your speech.

Extemporaneous speaking is a skill that requires the ability to engage listeners to the topic and naturally discloses the idea with the mighty power of words. With little practice and devotion, you can make listeners genuinely interested in your personality and your manner of presenting any subject. If you have struggles defining your topic or keep asking “ can someone write my speech ?”, there are writing services that are ready to help. Stay confident, forget about fear, and strive to deliver the most memorable extemporaneous speech ever.

How to Prepare for Your Next Extemporaneous Speech in 3 Steps?

How to Prepare for Extemporaneous Speech in 3 Steps

Step 1 – Think of Your Topic

Before the speech starts, you will, in most cases, be given a subject to speak about. At this point, it’s more than important to choose the topic for a speech which is closer to you, or which you have a burning desire to speak on with others. Whether it’s connected with controversial issues or even socially disturbing ones, choose wisely and confidently.

Step 2 – Develop a Thesis Statement

A thesis is an essential element of any writing or speech piece. It’s a form of instruction that helps speakers better swim in the ocean of thoughts that spring to mind with regard to this or that extemporaneous speech topic. Write down, in two-three short sentences, what your feelings and opinions about the issue are. Then, reread your thesis and add some more information to speak about if necessary.

Step 3 – Practice in Advance

The practice is the key to success in any situation, and especially in cases when you’ll need to give an extemporaneous speech. Start with something as simple as speaking to yourself in the mirror. Try to observe the manner you speak, the body language you use, and if there are blind spots, fill them with more practice to avoid such mistakes. Alternatively, consider recording yourself to evaluate how good you speak and how decent your articulation is. Keep training until you are satisfied with the result.

3 Things You Should Not do While Presenting Your Extemporaneous Speech

Things You Should Not Do While Presenting Extemporaneous Speech

Don’t be Afraid of Your Audience

Your palms are probably sweating as you try to imagine how others will judge you or make premature conclusions when you speak to them during a speech. In reality, it’s just a delusion that lives in your head. Try to relax and enjoy the experience of being listened to.

Don’t Speak Fast

The human brain always needs some to process the information it receives while you speak. Accelerated speech makes it harder for listeners not only to digest your ideas but also to figure out what you want to say. To get away with nerves and calm down, it’s always a good idea to take a deep breath before you start an extemporaneous speech.

Don’t Pretend to be Smarter Than You Are

Many speakers make a huge mistake when they try to be experts in the topic, when in fact they’re not. Such an attitude to an extemporaneous speech will only diminish the trust of your audience that will otherwise detect your false intentions. Hence, be sincere with the public you speak to and take a personal stance on any topic you discuss during a speech .

Extemporaneous speaking is a skill that requires the ability to engage listeners to the topic and naturally discloses the idea with the mighty power of words. With little practice and devotion, you can make listeners genuinely interested in your personality and your manner of presenting any subject. If you have struggles defining your topic or keep asking “can someone write my speech?”, there are writing services that are ready to help. Stay confident, forget about fear, and strive to deliver the most memorable extemporaneous speech ever.

To facilitate your work on a speech, we’ve prepared a list of 100 speech topics on a wide range of disciplines that’ll guide you in the right direction.

List Of 100 Speech Topics.

How can unequal conditions for different social classes be combated?
Should people be restricted by social rules and ethical codes, and why?
How has the environmental pollution worsened our quality of life?
Speak on why is apathy about politics more widespread now than in past decades?
Should the government constantly encourage people to convert waste into reusable material?
How can you foster environmental responsibility in your community?
What environmental issue keeps menacing the environment in America?
Tell us about yourself, and share some unusual trait that you have
Speak on the best day of your life. How did you feel then and why?
Tell the class about where you see your life in 10 years
Describe the ten best things you like about your city
What are the ten things you dislike about your school/ college?
An incident of your bravest act
A story from my life with a lesson and a message
Speak about who is your favorite author, and why?
Present a word portrait about one of your friends
Recall on the time when you had to give honest feedback
What is one thing that you think will make you successful?
Speak on a person who motivates you
Why do people celebrate Thanksgiving?
Why is Paris a unique place for traveling to?
What television show you think should be canceled, and why?
Speak on what is the best way to combat internet crime and piracy
Will the problem of water supply be the top geopolitical problem we will be ought to resolve?
Can workers do anything to resist automation?
Is big tech eroding American concerns about personal privacy?
Speak on your biggest concern for the future
Real wealth is never measured in money, what do you think about it?
How do you see the killing of animals that keep happening all over the world to produce food or other leather materials?
Do you believe in fate/ destiny?
What is the most useless invention do you think?
If you got a chance to choose between born as a boy or a girl, which one do you prefer?
Speak on how important communication is to you?
What is more important – skills or education?
Beauty is always in the eye of the beholder, do you agree with it?
If you were extremely rich, what would you do with your money?
What goes around comes around, how would you explain it?
If you were a president, what would you do?
Do you want to live in a kingdom? Why?
If you could choose a country to live in, what country would it be?
Describe the happiest moment in your life
If you were an animal, what kind of animal do you want to be?
What could we do to save the earth?
Speak on why is it important to learn a second language
Should exams be replaced by other forms of testing performance?
Tell us what can we do to increase our patience?
How can world peace be achieved?
Every change should start with the man in the mirror, do you agree with it?
What is the meaning of life in the moment for you?
Should we cherish everything we have?
Which is more important do you think, being smart or beautiful?
Do you think the doomsday is real?
Speak about your favorite family tradition?
If you were alone on a lonely island, what would you do there?
How does technology affect our lives?
Can we reach our goals without working hard?
What does being fair mean for you?
Imagine how people will look like in 1000 years.
Actions speak louder than words, how do you see it?
Speak on whether smoking should be allowed in public places?
If your life was a movie, what title would you give it?
Speak on your biggest fear
Is it important to have a sense of humor?
What is your idea of a perfect job?
Speak about your role model?
What do you think being educated means?
Is it necessary to make plans before doing something?
Conservation is survival, do you agree with this statement?
What’s the hardest thing you’ve ever done?
All that glitters is not gold, explain it
If you had a chance to invent something useful, what would it be?
If you knew you only had 24 hours left to live, what would you do?
What does a family mean for you?
Speak on your idea of a perfect day?
Speak on whether it is a good idea to be a vegetarian?
Do you prefer tea or coffee? Why?
What is the biggest thing you’ve done that you’re proud of?
What do you think is a healthy lifestyle?
When you go for shopping, which one is more important for you, price or quality?
People say the biggest challenge in life is discovering who you are, do you agree?
The world is full of nice people. In your own opinion, are you one of them?
When you are in a room full of people, do you mostly feel happy or lonely?
You are what you do, not what you say you will do. Do you agree?
If you could take a year off from school, what would you do?
Speak on what do your dreams mean to you
Explain the meaning of life for you
Do you think all people are selfish?
Speak on how can society affect your character
What are the benefits of homework?
Could final testing in senior high schools reflect your effort for the past few years?
Should hunting be illegal?
Is it right to ban fur clothing?
Speak on the ways to reduce homelessness
Should the death penalty be banned?
Do you think being a leader is easy?
Speak on what do you think your life purpose is
How do you start a conversation with a stranger?
What human quality do we need more of and why?
What do you miss most from your childhood?
Will life be better in the next century?

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My Speech Class

Public Speaking Tips & Speech Topics

113 Extemporaneous Speech Topics

Jim Peterson has over 20 years experience on speech writing. He wrote over 300 free speech topic ideas and how-to guides for any kind of public speaking and speech writing assignments at My Speech Class.

If you are asking yourself: What should I do in the extemp speech? Then keep this rule of thumb in mind: the extemporaneous speech topics must answer the question in a school assignment or tournament. Simple and easy. Although the best spontaneous speaker can speak almost without any notes. But avoid that if you feel not confident enough.

In this article:

Preparation In 3 Steps

Extemporaneous speaking without preparation, extemporaneous speech topic examples, outline examples, how to prepare, how to deliver, tips/h2>.

In general, we can define three specified types of extemporaneous speeches:

High School And College Assignments – Always do what your teacher asks you to do! Often you have to pick out forms of informative, analytical, international, domestic or economic questions about current events. Your extemporaneous speech topics should answer the question exactly.Check if some written notes are permitted in classroom.
Tournaments – An event where speakers receive their questionnaire forms. Check the tournament entry to see which format and which rules will be used. Successful extempers don’t use cards.However, if you are allowed to use notes, then use a card for each element in the form below. Just use keywords.
Business Presentations – The are considered as difficult by those who must give presentations in business. Here I limit myself to good class hints for at school, college and for tournaments.

These three steps for preparing extemporaneous speech topics will help you to do what you have to do: answering the question in case of school assignments or tournaments.

The First Step – Analyze what extemporaneous question you have to answer:

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Questions of fact – Characterized by is and are , or will or would .
Questions of value – Characterized by should .
Questions of policy – Characterized by can and could . Often used for an political discour.

The Second Step – Determine if it is informative or persuasive. The words what , which and who indicate that it is an informative issue. The words should and why indicate that it is a persuasive issue.

The Third Step – Always stay with your subject. In other words: never change the ideas. Now, organize your ideas and points effectively. You can use the outline technique below. Focus on your subject and think about the various angles.

Now write those first thoughts quickly down. Catch them in keywords.

Extemporaneous speaking speech topics in three parts to help you do a better job next time you have to speak without preparation. Almost everyone is going to have to speak extemporaneously at some point in their lives, whether it is a simple introduction to a group, presentation for work, or something more complex occasion.

Most natural communication can fall under the umbrella of the term extemporanous speech. But just what is it, and what are the best rules to follow so that you know you are giving a real winner extemporaneous speaking talk or address and cure your on stage fear?

Let’s take a look at my tricks that will help you do a better job next time you have to speak without preparation:

Ready for a couple of extemporaneous speech topics? Here we go:

Can We Blame – fill in a team – For Its Defeat?
Why Do I Play Golf? Or another kind of sports
Should – fill in a name – Win A MTV Award?
I’m Just A Paperboy Now, Will I Become A Millionaire?
Who Is The Laziest Person On The Campus And Why?
Should We All Buy – fill in a product – ?
Why Do We Celebrate Thanksgiving?
Which Moviestar Earns Too Much Money In Comparison To His / Her Merits?
Why Is Barcelona A Special Place To Be? Or any other city or region
Is The X-Box Better Than Playstation?
Will – fill in a name- Become Senator?
Who Is The Best Songwriter?
Could We Really Say To Our Bosses What’s On Our Mind?
What Television Program Should Be Banned And Why?
Should cruel and very authoritarian principals be sacked – or are there any degrees in domineering the campus population with accordingly disciplinary fines for them?
Why do we need a Whistle Blower Protection Act – whether we like it or not they always serve as a replacement or scape goat anyway?
Does the Bharatiya Janata Party represents a pan Indian ideology and how did it evolve over the years?
Must we focus more on improving basic education for the poor and historically disadvantaged – and what are the chain reactions for the overall well-being of human beings in society?
Do gays have as many rights as the rest of society does?
Does global warming makes the Arctic Sea ice melting or is it a conspiracy theory to make us believe to invest in alternative power sources? Both sides of the same coin are extemporaneous public speaking topics you could consider to try out anyway.
Does the world community really want to solve the Darfur Sudan problem even the states are now separated?
How India can be persuaded to participate in efforts to tackle global warming, or is it not prerequisite?
Is the growing population and economy a threat to India’s environment?
Does the development of tourism in Malaysia open new opportunities?
Should the Indian society invest in maintaining peace between Hindus and Muslims?
What are the causes of political instability in Pakistan?
Can prime-minister and Democratic Party leader Yukio Hatoyama give a boost to the Japanese economy?
Reasons why Facebook’s popularity is falling down?
Is Wikipedia sometimes more reliable than for example the Online Encyclopaedia Britannica?
Should illegal immigrants receive no doctor care?
Will petroleum be the major fuel till 2050?
The quality of health care in America is the best in the world, or is it a myth?
Do pharmaceuticals profit too much from Swine Flu or other mondial diseases?
Should the Cash for Clunkers program be continued due to its success?
Should we prosecute individual American intelligence personnel involved in outrages committed during the hunt for al-Qaeda members?
Will microloans and community banking be the lifesaver for developing countries?
Did bankers caused the recession and are ordinary people paying the price?
Should we be afraid of internet crime and piracy?
Is this the time to increase taxes?
Should we lower our tolerance for repeat drunk driving?
Does the number of abandoned and abused pets swell as the economy has worsened or even closer at home: when the vacation season will soon be in sight …
Will on-campus housing problems worsen in the future – what are botherations and squeezing annoyances that should be cleaned up right away>
Should there be fines for running out of petrol on the motorway?
Should we consider free public transportation (metro, bus, or other forms) in large cities?
Should the time high school students spend on homework each school night be limited to two hours maximum?
Is Barack Obama the next John F. Kennedy but better because he is an expert in auticue teleprompting reading …
Does the fight against the Taliban in Afghanistan become tougher over time?
Should internet service providers and hosts be prohibited from blocking any content?
Is the Hugo Chavez controlled legislature in Venezuela a serious threat to free thought and freedom of speech in that country?
Is the reappointement of Ben Bernanke as chairman of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors a good and wise decision?
Should lobbyists in our financial and political capitals work transparent and open?
Do we need a government funded campaign to transform our capitalist economy to a clean and green energy economy?
Will freezing the construction of Jewish settlements in the West Bank favors the Middle East peace process?
Is prison and jail reform more than just reworking tough legislative packages of criminal sentencing laws?
Does fanatic animal rights extremists endanger the universal human rights, or vice versa?
Will a flexible timetable to withdraw American troops from Iraq will best serve our national needs and interests?
Is seizing laptops or other computers indefinitely by the customs a proper instrument to fight the border crime?
Does lifting the moratorium on commercial whaling cause more slaughter by commercial vessels in the oceans?
Is it acceptable to force American laborers or employees to be fingerprinted at the working place?
Should all young girls up to 15 years be required to get the vaccine against the human papillomavirus H P V to avoid cancer of the cervix?
Should NASA abandon plans and blueprints for colonization of the Moon by 2021 – or even Mars?
Should we improve mental health care for returning veterans and servicemembers – longer than five years after they have returned home?
Should India and China work together to counter western economic power? Or is it still under construction and do we see and hear less about that successful joint venture?
Could the conflict between Georgia and Russia implode to a threat to world peace? Pick some other regional conflict if you like, as long as you stay close to actual politics.
Do the Six-Party Talks on North Korea’s nuclear program lead to a satisfying package solution? What if they progress on down to earth nuclear tests …
Does the Arab television stations al-Arabiya, al-Jazeera and the Saudi financed Middle East Broadcasting Center in the United Arab Emirates together reach more people worldwide watching television than CNN?
Does the system to register and grant patents for new innovations needs to be reformed?
Does Venezuela really need to nationalize private rice-processing plants? And why the powerplant supplies branches …
Is legalizing the opium cultivation in Afghanistan a better option than forcing it down?
Is Osama bin Laden still alive? Or has the conspiracy ended a couple of years ago with the sniper action …
Should the federal Attorney General be chosen by the people?
Is the NATO nuclear policy consistent with our federal nuclear policy
Is Vladimir Putin the real almighty political and national strength that Russia needs now?
May U S military authorities hire private security contractors in doubtful areas?
Must the international community assembled in the ASEAN nations (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) work collaboratively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions – or is that a so-called mission impossible for lots of nations? (You can fill in other organizations as alternative extemporaneous topics)
Must we make the immigration system consistent with national economic precedences and priorities – what are the exceptions anyway?
Will the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty C T B T have more positive ramifications for arms control – or is it ‘paper tiger’?
Reasons why Facebook’s popularity is not falling down despite the critics.
The controversy over President Obama’s broadcast education speech to schoolchildren.
Why we have to preserve architecturally significant historic-cultural monuments and heritage.
Should we make legal alcohol limits the same for both car drivers as well as boaters?
Should the labels light and low tar be banned on in tobacco and nicotine products? And what to say about the mandatory illustrations on the packaging in some countries that are supposed to shock and deter people?
A Few Extemporaneous Topic Ideas To Test Your and Your Public Audience Intelligence.
Bailouts and have prevented that our economy become worse in current and future times.
Does Europe rely too much on Russian gas petrol fuel sources? And what about the border conflicts in relation to vulnerable pipeline transports.
Must all college and university textbooks also be available in easy to update and cheaper electronic ebook versions – to save money and easily updatable versions?
Why releasing Abdel Basset Ali al-Megrahi from a Scottish prison is an insult of the relatives of the Lockerbie victims.
The government of India should advocate for a nationwide census; regarding the population growth and in spite of the totally understandable privacy concerns that could override the need for credible statistics to rule a country?
Should the African Union nations and organizations end direct military aid to the Transitional Federal Government?
Why we should not be afraid of the Swine Flue and trust on the precautions.
How former vice president Dick Cheney breaks the tradition of being not critical towards a new Washington administration.
Pre-existing conditions may never be a reason to to deny coverage by insurance companies.
Or choose the opposite side for an extemporaneous topic: Bailouts will cost us, the taxpayers, in the end mucht more?
Should we accept a sky-high federal budget deficit number?
Why church ministers should have lifelong, monogamous, stable relationships.
The three pillars of a labor union: higher salaries, secondary benefits and job security.
Will freshwater supply to millions become the next huge world problem besides the global warming issue?
Does marijuana has a therapeutic and medicinal value for cancer patients and what about the legal consequences.
Why do bush fires often occur immediately after a rainy season in spring and autumn is there an scientific explanation for this annually natural phenomenon?
Should mayors keep a daily blog concerning their whereabouts and policies – just for squaring up at the next election time?
The requirement to register to vote in general elections. Should we end, keep / alter that practice – what is the reason behind it, is there some kind of a preambule in the laws concerning registration?
Should we outlaw taxpayer-funded events in political campaigns?
Should the Justice Department release information more often and sooner to local media to involve the local residents in crime fighting and solving almost undoable cases?
Is it ethical to wipe away illegal migrant or asylum camps in Europe?
Are teens with free access to a car more at risk to get involved in accidents?
Will Hispanic immigrants – like other foreigners – adapt to the American society?
Is the new G-20 summit effective in solving the economic crisis?
Must judges sentence drunk drivers who for long terms in jail?
Is the decision to stop the development of an Eastern-Europe air missile defense system a threat to the national security of the nations involved?
Or: alternative best speech topics could be the position of the western world, or even Russia’s point of view.
Could we lose the war in Afghanistan now the insurgent troops are multipying their forces?
Are the rich G-20 nations buying out their efforts to reduce the negative climate change effects?
Will water supply be the next geopolitical problem we must face seriously?

Use this outline to prepare ideas quick and properly. Remember: all information that you want to cover should answer the mandatory question of the teacher or jury members.

Your Theoretical Outline Method

YOUR TITLE In one complete summarizing sentence: _______

THE INTRODUCTION

Grab the attention of your public in a oneliner that state the theme. Relate the oneliner to question. State the extemporaneous speech topics question and tell why it is important. Briefly answer it. Tease your main points.

THE BODY TEXT TO SPEECH

The main points should be phrased as argumentative statements. Devote an equal amount of time at each point. Try to come up with three points.

Try to come up with three sub-points. Construct your sub-points with credible arguments and factual evidence.

Perhaps you can add relevant statistics and references. Think about the pros and cons, likes and dislikes, advantages and disadvantages.

Refer to reliable sources, it will enhance your credibility. Write down your the points in one sentence for each point.

Just pick out the elements which are appropriate within the time limit!

MAIN POINT I:

SUB POINT 1:

Arguments? Evidence? Statistics? References?

SUB POINT 2: Arguments? Evidence? Statistics?

References?

SUB POINT 3: Arguments? Evidence? Statistics? References?

MAIN POINT II:

SUB POINT 1: Arguments? Evidence? Statistics? References?

SUB POINT 2: Arguments? Evidence?

Statistics? References?

MAIN POINT III:

SUB POINT 2:

SUB POINT 3: Arguments? Evidence? Statistics?

YOUR CONCLUSION

Summarize the main points of your extemporaneous topics. State the question again. State your answer in a catchy one-liner.

Extemporaneous speech topic outline for students who have to deal with actual themes using ordinairy news articles to formulate arguments and evidence in a snap. For this writing I used four articles as basics to filter out information, listed in the sources paragraph below:

My step by step method: First I decided on the angle of view. Secondly, I simply choose for this extemp question: Does President Obama deserve the Nobel Peace Prize? And thirdly, I follow the instructions in the template below. Remember, you can also take side in favor of the laureate. This is not my personal opinion, but just an example to show you how to write an extemp pattern yourself.

INTRODUCTION OF YOUR EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH TOPIC

I. INTEREST STEP The award of the Nobel Peace Prize 2009 to Barack Obama is a surprise pick which raise lots of doubts. A peace award winner who has not directed any winning peace project so far.

II. THESIS So, does he realy deserve it? No, he has not achieved any real success in foreign policy matters.

III. CLARIFICATION The Norwegian Committee has praised his extraordinary efforts in international diplomacy. But world reactions expressed surprise. The honor comes too soon, according to worldleaders, there are no real peace achievements.

IV. PREVIEW (This is a short compelling summary of the vital body bricks) The laureate does not deserve the prize because of Iraq, the Middle East and Afghanistan, the President himself has spoken openly about his doubts, and other preeminent political figures who won before sure had achieved real substantial diplomatic peace successes. And they are openly credited for it internationally.

THE BODY RUBRIC

I. MAIN POINT OF YOUR EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH TOPICS There have not been any concrete achievements in Afghanistan, Iraq or Middle East.

A. EVIDENCE He ordered thousands of US troops extra to Af. The Palestinians claim he has does nothing concrete for their rights. Ir. has been suffering from the deadliest year since the 2003 invasion.

B. REASONING (Explain here how the first argument of the extemporaneous speech topic is constructed, based on your evidence)

More troops could to Af. violence and civilian casualties in the end, the enemy proclaims. There still is no working M E peace plan in which both parties, Israel and Palestinians trust. The schedule of the person in charge for the withdrawal of troops is still discussed, the oppositional forces still try to create disorder.

C. RELATIONSHIP TO THESIS Can we call that peace efforts? Yes, we can. Can we call that substantial peace achievements? No, we can not – at this moment.

II. MAIN POINT The chief of state himself has spoken openly about his doubts less than a year in office.

A. EVIDENCE He says to be surprised and deeply humbled.

B. REASONING Hw further said that he not feel he ‘deserve to be in the company of so many of the transformative figures who have been honoured by this prize’.

C. RELATIONSHIP TO THESIS O. has stated that he doesn’t see it as a recognition of his accomplishments, but ‘rather as an affirmation of American leadership on behalf of aspirations held by people in all nations’.

III MAIN POINT These are other cardinal political persons who won before. Who are those transformative figures as the 2009 laureate describes them?

A. EVIDENCE In 1994 Shimon Peres, Foreign Minister of Israel, won. In 1994 Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel, in 1978 Menachim Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, and in 1973 Henry Kissinger, U S Secretary of State.

B. REASONING Their peace efforts resulted in concrete historical peace making moments: Shimon Peres, and Yitzhak Rabin were honoured for their historic agreement between Israel and Palestinians. Menachim Begin for the peace treaty he co-concluded between Israel and Egypt. And Henry Kissinger was praised for helping to establish a ceasefire and U S withdrawal from Vietnam.

C. RELATIONSHIP TO THESIS Yes, they all accomplish concrete diplomatic successes. Obama not.

I. SUMMARY There have not been any real substantial peace achievements at this moment. The laureate himself refers to the lack of peace making moments. And he refers to Nobel Peace Prize winners who are awarded because of their historical agreements.

II. RESTATEMENT So, now again: is President Obama entitled? No, he has not achieved any real success in foreign policy matters, and predecessors have.

III. APPEAL OF YOUR EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH TOPIC Some call the award a politically motivated insult. I don’t. I prefer to look ahead and cite 1984 Winner South Africa’s Archbishop Desmond Tutu ‘it’s a magnificent endorsement for the first African-American leader in history’. But the Commander in Chief of Hope has sure achieved one thing – do think about it – he carries hope in his peace efforts. And I predict: one day he will really deserves the Prize for real peace accomplishments!

SOURCES Aljazeera News Europe, Norwegian Nobel Committee Report, and All Laureates List.

Is There One Single Best Outline?

No. The best outline doesn’t exist. The pattern above is just a method to organize extemporaneous topics quick and efficient.

Open Or Closed Questions?

Mostly there are two types of questions, open and closed for extemporaneous speech topics.Determine what type you are answering.

Closed Questions – You can only state a clear Yes or No in your introduction. In the points of the body part you offer the arguments. Example: Is Disclosure A Bad Movie? Yes, you can also choose for humorous.

Open Questions – State how or what will, should or can be done in your introduction. Then guide the audience to the answer in logical steps. Those steps are the major points in your extemp. E.g. What Can We Do Against Corrupt Politicians?

Tip # 1 Set up your extemp to start with a good summation that grabs the attention, then state the theme in one sentence.

Tip # 2 Develop between three and five main points and make sure each one is a single, clear, self contained idea.

Tip # 3 Make sure that each one is related to your main thesis statement and that it reminds the audience what your key note point is.

Tip # 4 Make sure every point leads smoothly and sensibly into the next one – no non sequiturs here. No ‘bridges’ that do not make sense.

Tip # 5 All your sub points must contain new information or details not stated in the main points. Their job is to describe, explain, or otherwise support your main points. For the conclusion, don’t just summarize. But also analyse and provide a judgement on each conclusion.

Tip # 6 Come back to the introduction and reinforce your thesis statement, connect the interests and needs of the audience to the theme, then go back over the major points of your speech, finishing up neatly.

Tip # 7 Stick to using simple words, and don’t try to impress with complex topics for an extemporaneous. There is a bigger chance that you will end up stumbling over them or that your speech will fall flat.

Tip # 8 It’s all about producing topics for an extemporaneous that get strictly to the point. If you’re feeling nervous, put your hands in your pockets or on front of the table in front of you, and don’t be afraid to let people know.

Tip # 9 Keep comments about your nervousness short and to the point. They will probably get a chuckle, they will understand, and you’ll feel a little better.

Tip # 10 Do not go on and on, though, or stop dead. Go right to what you need to say. Conclude, restate, smile and just stick to that!

This is about time management, practicing and repeating, and the delivery:

Time Management –

The right time management is crucial. Put a watch in front of you. If you have 30 minutes to prepare, then divide that time in parts. Below are three examples of time management. Find out which one is the best for you. If you are allowed to use note cards, then the memorize part can be shorter in time, of course.

More about practicing

Visualize the flow of your extemporaneous speech topics in your mind. Something like this: first I want to state this, and then I prove it by that. And so on. Learn the sequence by heart. If there’s a possibility to practice in front of a friend or classmate, then do it!

And listen to their comment. Elaborate on it. Another idea is to tape yourself on audio or video. Listen and look if you are making logical steps, transitions and pauses.

Another possibility is to practice out loud in front of a mirror.

Do not be boring with monotonous and facts and a phlegmatic attitude, add some funny extemporaneous speech topics in your presentation. Talk easy, and in a normal tempo – do not talk to fast. Do not speak like a talking puppet in a suit. Move a little bit, use the proper gestures (guide them

trough your material with hand signals and passionate facial expresions) to emphasize your main points and the direction of logical reasoning.

Composing Handy Tubs

Many competitors spend hours a week to prepare files with noteworthy articles about every possible subject for extemporaneous speech topics. They can use these so-called Extemp Tubs in tournaments. But how does a speaker fill these files with the best?

1. Analyze and study current events in magazines and newspapers. Sort out the headlines, the pros and cons, reasons, statistics and sources.

2. Research on the Internet. Pay special attention to quotes and reports of scientific researchers. Don’t forget to find humorous quotes, to break the ice.

3. Watch interesting television documentaries and note the facts and the conclusions that could be extracted.

4. Ask experienced competitors how they prepare for public speaking. Look how they practice and perform on stage, and learn their educational discourse tricks.

5. Organize and update your files in a way you can find your written notes quick and easy. For instance, organize your plastic tub like a cherry tree – pick four or five general extemporaneous speech topics in hanging folders.

And place within those general tabulations lots of sub-sequences categorized from A to Z.

6. Also use a reference book, a dictionary, a small encyclopedia, et cetera to refill fresh and creative ideas.

By now, you have learned how to prepare and outline your communication subjects – I wish you all succes you need and keep improving your communication skills. Bookmark and share this tutorial and come back whenever you like 🙂

1 Minute Speech Topics : 8 Samples

Self Introduction Speech [Topics + Outline Sample]

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Choosing Good Topics
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Extemporaneous
Informative
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The Question of Policy Speech Topics From Fun to Serious Across Grades

Table of Contents for Question of Policy Speech Topics:

High School and College Policy Speech Topics
Middle School Policy Speech Topics
Elementary School Policy Speech Topics
Fun Policy Speech Topics for Students
Humorous Policy Speech Topics
Absurd and Comical Policy Speech Topics

For High School to College 20 Excellent Policy Speech Topics

Here's a list of twenty of the best policy speech topics that are relevant and thought-provoking for high school or college students. Each topic is framed as a question.

It's easy to frame these topics for debate by writing them as a resolution rather than a question of policy speech topics. For example, the first topic on climate change could be rewritten as

"The [nation or entity] should significantly improve it's response to climate change."

Or, speech writers may reframe the topic to engage with a specific policy response. For further example, rewrite the climate topic as

"The United States federal government should substantially increase its restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions to address climate change."

Question of Policy Speech Topics List for High School and College Students

Climate Change Policies: How can we improve our response to climate change?
Education Reform: What changes should be made to the current educational system?
Internet Privacy: How should personal data be handled online?
Gun Control Policies: What should be the extent of gun control?
Health Care Policies: Should universal health care be implemented?
Immigration Policies: How should immigration be managed?
Drug Legalization: Should all drugs be legalized or only some?
Cybersecurity: How can we better protect ourselves from cyber threats?
Criminal Justice Reform: How should our criminal justice system be improved?
LGBTQ+ Rights: What policies need to be implemented to ensure equal rights?
Income Inequality: How should the wage gap be addressed?
Student Loan Policies: Should student loan debt be canceled?
Environmental Policies: How can we encourage sustainable practices?
Animal Rights: Should more stringent animal welfare laws be implemented?
Foreign Policy: How should the US interact with North Korea, Russia, or China?
Renewable Energy Policies: How should we transition to renewable energy sources?
Affirmative Action: Is it still necessary in today's society?
Vaccination Policies: Should vaccinations be mandatory for everyone?
Artificial Intelligence Regulation: How should AI and robotics be controlled?
Housing Policies: How can we address the homelessness crisis?

Remember, good policy speeches present a clear position, consider counterarguments, and provide evidence to support the stance. Always consider your audience's needs, interests, and backgrounds when choosing and preparing your topic.

Middle School and Developing Debaters 20 Question of Policy Speech Topics for Youth

Each of the following is a question of policy speech topics suitable for middle school age students. Teachers may leave the chosen topic as a question or rewrite the topic as a statement for debate. For example, the first topic could be rewritten as

"School cafeterias should provide healthier meal options to promote better nutrition among students."

Question of Policy Speech Topics List for Middle School Students

School Lunch Policies: Should we have healthier options in school cafeterias?
Bullying Policies: How can schools better address and prevent bullying?
Homework Policies: Is there too much homework in schools?
Dress Code Policies: Are school uniforms necessary?
Digital Device Policies: What should the rules for cell phone usage in schools be?
Recycling Policies: How can schools encourage better recycling and waste management?
Physical Education Policies: How important is physical education in schools?
Library Policies: Should schools invest more in libraries and reading materials?
Field Trip Policies: Should schools organize more educational field trips?
Extra-curricular Activity Policies: Should participation in extra-curricular activities be mandatory?
School Start-Time Policies: Should school start later in the day?
Test Policies: Are standardized tests the best measure a student's abilities?
Classroom Pet Policies: Should classrooms be allowed to have pets?
School Safety Policies: How can we ensure safety in schools?
Vacation Policies: Is the current school calendar and vacation schedule optimal?
Privacy Policies: What privacy rights should students have at school?
Art and Music Education Policies: How much should schools invest in art and music education?
Classroom Size Policies: How does class size impact learning?
Nut Allergy Policies: How should schools handle food allergies?
School Transportation Policies: How can schools ensure safe and efficient transportation?

These topics encourage students to think critically about the world around them. Even though middle school students must be older to vote or directly influence policy. Policy debate improves critical thinking skills and prepares young people for college.

Ko, Tomohiro M., and Briana Mezuk. “Debate participation and academic achievement among high school students in the Houston Independent School District: 2012 - 2015.” ERIC, 17 May 2021, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1302954.pdf. Accessed 14 May 2023.

Elementary School and Kids 20 Youth Engaging Policy Speech Topics

The below list provides policy-based topics even more accessible to engage elementary school students. As with the above topics, each could be rewritten as a statement for debate. For example:

"Assigning homework over the weekend hinders students' ability to rest and engage in extracurricular activities and should be banned."

Question of Policy Speech Topics List for Elementary School Students

Should Homework Be Given Over the Weekend?
Are School Uniforms a Good Idea?
Should Schools Have Longer Recess Times?
Do Students Need More Art and Craft Classes?
Should There Be More Field Trips in a Year?
Should Schools Allow Pets for Show and Tell?
Should We Have More Fun Fridays in Schools?
Is It Better to Have Salad Bars in School Cafeterias?
Should Students Help in School Clean-up?
Should Every Student Get a Chance to Be Class Leader?
Should Schools Start Later in the Morning?
Do We Need More Sports Activities in School?
Should There Be More Story Reading Sessions in Class?
Should Students Help Plan School Events?
Should We Have Theme Days at School?
Are Birthday Celebrations in Class a Good Idea?
Should Each Classroom Have a Mini Library?
Should Schools Have More Play Equipment?
Is It Better to Have More Group Projects in Class?
Should Schools Plant More Trees?

These topics are more straightforward and directly related to the student's daily experiences. However, they can still help young students understand the concept of policy-making and decision-making in a simplified context.

Fun and Relatable Topics for Students 20 More Questions of Policy for Debate

Below are 20 fun and debatable policy speech topics directly relatable to students, which will strike a fun or more relatable chord. However, the policies involved require thought and should still engage students in critical thinking and discourse.

Should schools replace physical education with a nap period?
Should homework be replaced with video game assignments?
Should all schools have a petting zoo on campus?
Should students be allowed to vote for their teachers?
Should everyone be required to wear superhero costumes to school once a week?
Should students be allowed to grade their teachers?
Should school hours be replaced with 'night school' for those who aren't morning people?
Should students be allowed to bring their pets to school?
Should we replace traditional classrooms with outdoor learning?
Should students design their school uniforms?
Should there be an official school song that everyone sings each morning?
Should every student get a month of summer vacation when they want it?
Should kids vote on what's for lunch in the cafeteria?
Should there be a class where students watch cartoons?
Should schools implement a 'no homework on weekends' policy?
Should students have the option of taking 'life skills" classes, like how to become a YouTube star?
Should students have the right to declare their desks an independent country?
Should school buses be replaced with roller coasters?
Should there be a policy that allows students to skip tests on their birthdays?
Should every school have a mandatory 'funny hat' day?

These topics inspire creativity and humor in the students' speeches while challenging them to construct persuasive arguments.

Humorous and Somewhat Silly Questions of Policy Speech Topics that will get everyone laughing and thinking

Only some policy speech needs to strike a persuasive tone.

Below are bonus questions of policy speech topics that are fun and debatable to engage youth, teens, and adults.

Suppose you decide to use one of these topics for your policy speech. In that case, you will entertain your audience while still persuading them of the merits of your unusual position on the question.

Should there be a maximum limit on the number of selfies, one can post in a day
Should everyone be required to adopt a 'siesta' culture, like in Spain?
Should pets be allowed in all public places?
Should everyone be required to wear costumes on Halloween?
Should there be a law to ban pineapple on pizza?
Should people be able to marry their favorite fictional character?
Should there be a 'national no social media day'?
Should there be a law requiring people to use funny ringtones?
Should the world switch to a four-day workweek?
Should all fast food restaurants offer toy surprises for adults?
Should every city have a mandatory 'comic con' event?
Should every household be required to have a 'family game night' once a week?
Should it be mandatory for everyone to learn a musical instrument?
Should everyone be required to participate in a local sports league?
Should all adults have a legally mandated bedtime?
Should we replace cars with hoverboards or flying cars?
Should every city have a 'zombie preparedness' plan?
Should there be a law requiring everyone to have a hobby?
Should there be a limit on the number of streaming services one can subscribe to?
Should everyone be required to take a 'digital detox' once a year?

These topics are intended to be fun and engaging, stimulating creativity, humor, and critical thinking skills in youth, teens, and adults.

Start with a Laugh! Absurd Policy Questions

The following are more topics like the ones in the last twenty, but intended to be even more comical. Choose one of these topics if you prefer to perform and entertain more than persuade.

Should everyone be required to adopt a unicorn as their national animal?
Should we replace all cars with clown cars for a day every year?
Should people be taxed based on how bad their jokes are?
Should everyone be required to walk backward for an entire day each year?
Should there be a national 'speak-like-a-pirate' day every month?
Should everyone be required to replace their doorbell with a 'laugh track'?
Should there be a law that everyone must wear mismatched socks on Mondays?
Should every town be required to have a public pillow fight event annually?
Should extraterrestrial beings be granted immediate citizenship upon landing on Earth?"
Should every city replace all statues with inflatable bouncy castle versions?
Should everyone be required to talk in rhymes one day per year?
Should cities replace all street signs with riddles?
Should there be a law to replace all pets' names with famous movie characters?
Should there be a national 'silly walk' day in homage to Monty Python?
Should everyone be required to wear superhero capes on Fridays?

These topics should inspire laughter and promote the skills needed for compelling debate and persuasion by getting students of public speaking on their feet, engaging with an audience, and thinking thematically.

In conclusion , the question of policy speech topics spans a wide range of interests, from serious and pressing societal issues to light-hearted and comical ones. These topics serve as a great tool to encourage critical thinking, enhance public speaking skills, and foster an understanding of civic issues among students of all ages.

Whether we're considering the pressing questions faced by high school and college students or the simpler and more directly relatable topics for younger students, or even the humorous and fun policies to get everyone laughing, the aim remains the same: to engage, educate, and inspire.

Remember, the best policy speech doesn't just present a clear position, but also accounts for counterarguments and is supported by persuasive evidence. So, when it comes to the question of policy speech topics, it's not just about what you say, but how you say it.

Happy speaking!

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How To Write an Extemporaneous Speech: A Comprehensive Guide For Students

Delivering an extemporaneous speech can be a nerve-wracking experience for students as well as in professional setting. However, it’s an essential skill for anyone who wants to become a confident public speaker. Unlike a prepared speech, an extemporaneous speech requires you to speak off the cuff and think on your feet, making it a valuable tool for anyone who wants to improve their communication skills.

Whether you’re speaking in a classroom setting, at a conference, or in a business meeting, being able to deliver an extemporaneous speech can help you connect with your audience and make a lasting impression.

In this blog post, our team at my homework help will provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to write an extemporaneous speech that will capture your audience’s attention and leave a lasting impression.

Definition of an extemporaneous speech.

An extemporaneous speech is a type of public speaking in which a speaker speaks on the fly without notes or scripts and presents his or her arguments and ideas with confidence, poise, and enthusiasm. Read more about arguments from our illustrative guide on how to write an argumentative speech .

Prior to giving the speech, it is important to carefully plan it, and in most cases, the speaker must memorize it in order to deliver it effectively. So, to ensure that all the topics are made clear in the allocated time, giving this kind of speech demands preparation, concentration, research, good communication skills, and creativity.

Benefits of Delivering an Extemporaneous Speech

The ability to deliver an extemporaneous speech provides numerous advantages, both for the individual presenting it and for those listening to it.

Presenters can engage their audience in discussion by using spontaneous language, which helps to foster relationships between speakers and listeners as well as understanding and acceptance between parties;
Because speakers use no predetermined words or phrases in these speeches, they tend to appear more natural & less rehearsed than if using scripts;
The lack of reliance on written material encourages the more effective use of rhetorical devices such as metaphors & analogies within speeches, thus making them easier for audiences to comprehend;
Last but not least, due to its spontaneous nature, extemporaneous speeches offer the chance for greater levels of improvisation among listeners, giving speakers the freedom to modify their messages in real-time, if necessary, based on feedback from listeners, leading to improved levels of engagement and comprehension among those hearing it spoken live.

Related: How to write an impromptu speech .

Preparation for Writing an Extemporaneous Speech

A. brainstorming topic ideas and choosing a focus for the speech.

Before you start making an impromptu speech , you should come up with some ideas for topics that will be interesting to your audience. This entails taking into account their backgrounds, ideologies, and any prior information they may have regarding the topic you plan to cover in your speech.

Presenters must take the time to outline the precise points or arguments they intend to make during their presentation once a topic has been decided upon in order to start their study and preparation.

B. Researching Your Topic Thoroughly

In order for an extemporaneous speech to be successful, thorough research needs to be conducted prior to delivery. This includes:

Utilizing Traditional Sources of Information (i.e., books, magazines, journals)
Gathering Data from the Internet on sources such as google scholar , Jstor , among others.
Consulting Experts in the Subject Area

These efforts should be directed toward gathering knowledge about the subject under discussion that is both directly and indirectly related to it. This information, once gathered, enables speakers to formulate persuasive arguments and viewpoints on subjects by being aware of all relevant viewpoints before making public statements about them.

Extemporaneous presenters should use current events and industry trends that are pertinent to the topics they are discussing to strengthen their content and believability.

Related: How to write a persuasive essay .

C. Creating a Logical Structure for Your Speech

In order to effectively communicate your message, it is important to create a logical structure for the speech that is easy to follow and understand. This entails creating a list of the essential topics that must be covered throughout the speech and then coming up with ideas for each topic so that it may be covered in depth.

Presenters should bear in mind certain elements while constructing an extemporaneous speech, such as offering introductions and conclusions , which will create obvious transitions between sections and guarantee that all essential material is included in what is being stated. Also, it helps speakers make more powerful presentations by segmenting their arguments into smaller parts that are each supported by supporting data or examples.

D. Collecting Supporting Materials That Will Strengthen Your Argument or Prove Your Points

Strong supporting materials and evidence give credibility and value to any speech that is made up on the spot. This facilitates comprehension of the speech’s substance and increases the likelihood that the audience will accept what is spoken.

This kind of information can be found anywhere, including in personal narrative essays , published research studies, expert opinions from many fields related to the subjects covered, etc.

When giving a speech, it is crucial to locate these sources so that the speaker may confidently present their position using facts and figures rather than conjecture.

Related: How to write a demonstration speech .

Writing Out the Body Paragraphs for Your Extemporaneous Speech

A. composing opening sentences that introduce main points.

Your speech’s introduction should give the audience a taste of what’s to come and set their expectations for what they’ll hear. This implies that speakers must come up with succinct introductory lines that set the stage for the topics being discussed and establish any important ideas they want to expand on later.

It’s crucial to employ descriptive language that effectively communicates the presentation’s key idea while crafting these introduction sentences. The audience remains engaged the entire time because of this.

B. Constructing Factual Statements with Relevant Evidence and Examples

For an impromptu speech to be effective, the body paragraphs must include facts that are backed up by evidence and examples. This entails mentioning studies or research on subjects associated with the ones being discussed and incorporating it into arguments while making sure to always provide appropriate credit.

If any visual aids are available, such as diagrams, charts, etc., it can even be necessary to use them. Real facts assist presenters captivate their listeners’ thoughts and demonstrate their subject matter expertise.

Having visual sources can also assist people grasp what is being said during speeches since many individuals find it simpler to understand information when it is displayed rather than stated.

C. Developing Transitions Between Ideas

For an impromptu speech to go well, the speaker must be able to smoothly move from one point to the next in the body paragraphs. This keeps listeners engaged and enables the speaker to deliver the information in an approachable manner. Also, by making it simpler for listeners to visualize what you’re talking about, rhetorical devices like metaphors can assist others grasp what you’re saying.

During an impromptu speech, the speaker should try to use the right words and phrases to move from one idea to the next without getting sidetracked or losing track of themselves.

Moreover, using rhetorical tools like metaphors can help people better understand what you’re saying by making it easier for them to picture what you’re talking about.

Related: How to write a rhetorical analysis essay .

Before using them, speakers can decide to practice these transitions a few times to ensure that they flow smoothly. This allows them to be adjusted and guarantees that they appear natural when they are used in real life.

Delivering an Effective Extemporaneous Speech

For a presenter to give a successful speech on the spot, they need to know how to use note cards properly. This entails arranging the cards such that they may quickly and properly refer to crucial information while speaking, eliminating pauses or blank spaces that can lose the audience’s attention.

Instead of utilizing whole sentences while using notecards, speakers should aim to utilize short phrases so that they can discover and grasp information quickly without having to take time away from communicating their message. Add color-coding , or putting a different color on each card’s content, makes it easier to tell what is being talked about and helps speakers move from one idea to the next more quickly.

Also, it’s beneficial for those preparing these presentations to become accustomed to the many cues they may employ, such as body language gestures or facial emotions when reading their notes, since these signals frequently aid in improving the delivery as a whole.

Concluding the Speech

A. summarizing key points.

At the end of an impromptu speech, the speaker should give a brief summary of their main points to help the audience remember them and make sure that all of the important information has been covered.

Speakers should make an effort to employ succinct words and sentences to rapidly convey what has previously been mentioned throughout the presentation when summarizing these key topics. If necessary, they should additionally include any statistics or real-world instances that support their arguments. For more on statistics, check out our statistics homework help .

These summaries must also include comments related to future actions presenters may take as a result of delivering a speech such as answering questions providing resources etc.

B. Offering Final Thoughts

It’s crucial for the speaker to leave the audience with something memorable that will make them reflect on what they just heard while concluding an impromptu speech.

This may be accomplished by using motivational sayings or tales that are connected to the main points being made in order to more effectively drive home a point and leave a lasting impact on the audience.

This could also entail expressing gratitude to spectators for their favorable comments on certain topics raised in speeches. This enables speakers to make an impression long after their lectures are over.

Audience Interaction

For an impromptu speech to go well, the speaker should pay attention to any questions or comments from the audience. This provides the speaker with an opportunity to engage with the audience and demonstrate their level of expertise on the subject at hand. Also, it offers the speaker insightful criticism that may be used to subsequent presentations.

Related: PowerPoint Presentation help service.

Presenters must provide clear, succinct responses to these questions in order to ensure that the audience fully understands the concepts discussed throughout the presentation. This enhances the presentation as a whole and makes it easier for the audience to comprehend.

Also, it’s advisable to employ strategies like deflecting inquiries or seeking out other people’s opinions if you’re unsure how to respond to them in order to gain more precise information from individuals who are more knowledgeable than you are.

Can I Hire Someone to Write My Extemporaneous Speech Papers?

At our homework help service , we understand that crafting an effective and engaging extemporaneous speech can be a challenge. For this reason, our “ do my homework ” service provide our clients with the expert writing assistance they need to draft their ideal speeches. To guarantee that your speech fulfills all of your expectations and specifications, our team of skilled paper writers will collaborate with you at every stage.

Our essay typer services include:

Brainstorming possible topics & research
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Collecting supporting materials & evidence
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Delivering an effective extemporaneous presentation
Concluding the speech effectively

With our assistance, you can be certain that you will receive timely delivery of high-quality material. Also, our “ do my essay ” staff offers you advice on how to deliver speeches that have the most influence on the audience.

Please get in contact with us immediately away if you require immediate assistance with speech composition or delivery. We look forward to assisting you in making your upcoming presentation a success!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Usually, an extemporaneous speech lasts between seven and ten minutes. It’s crucial to make sure your message is conveyed clearly within this window of time.

It’s crucial to consider the speech’s aim and audience while composing an impromptu speech. Also, you should organize your presentation logically, support each argument with pertinent examples or data, make sure there are seamless transitions between concepts, and talk professionally.

Use note cards with short phrases rather than complete sentences so you can look up information quickly. Use appropriate cues, such as body language or facial expressions. Summarize key points at the end of your presentation. Leave listeners with something they’ll remember. Answer any audience questions to keep them interested and demonstrate your knowledge.

We Write Speech provides clients with expert writing assistance to help them create outstanding speeches! From coming up with ideas and conducting research to presenting your presentation, our team will support you at every stage to ensure its success and that it has the greatest possible impact on your audience.

An extemporaneous speech may employ a variety of sources to develop its arguments, including first-hand knowledge, current research on relevant subjects, expert opinions from many fields linked to the themes presented, and so on.

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IMAGES

The Impact of No Homework Policy: A Comprehensive Analysis
Extemporaneous Speech
OUTLINE GUIDE FOR AN EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
Extemporaneous Speech (A video lesson presentation) by JellSoL
No Homework Policy: One Year Later
No homework policy for CBSE and ICSE board

COMMENTS

Why Students Should Not Have Homework
Examining these arguments offers important perspectives on the wider educational and developmental consequences of homework practices. 1. Elevated Stress and Health Consequences. According to Gitnux, U.S. high school students who have over 20 hours of homework per week are 27% more likely to encounter health issues.
PDF EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING
EEC EE CTION Contents Introduction. .01 Chapter 1: The Purpose of an Extemporaneous Speech ..05 Chapter 2: Understanding Your Audience ..15 Chapter 3: Developing Your Speech ..21 Chapter 4: Research and Evidence ..55 Chapter 5: Presenting Your Speech ..73 Conclusion. .81 Appendix A: Sample Extemporaneous Speaking Questions ..83
14.1 Four Methods of Delivery
Key Takeaways. There are four main kinds of speech delivery: impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, and memorized. Impromptu speaking involves delivering a message on the spur of the moment, as when someone is asked to "say a few words.". Extemporaneous speaking consists of delivering a speech in a conversational fashion using notes.
PDF Extemporaneous Speeches: Definition and Delivery
The following guidelines are tips for how to practice and rehearse your extemporaneous speech: • Write an easy-to-follow speech outline that includes all of the essential elements of your speech. • Create index cards to act as cues to keep you on track throughout your speech. (Alternatively, use the note feature of your graphic technology.)
What Is An Extemporaneous Speech?
An extemporaneous speech is a type of impromptu presentation where the speaker delivers a prepared speech without relying on a script or memorized content. It requires the speaker to think on their feet and express their thoughts and ideas in a clear, concise, and organized manner.
Here's Why No Homework Policies Don't Work
The Argument for No Homework Policies. The most common argument made for no-homework policies is that homework does not improve academic achievement. A Duke University meta-analysis of homework ...
Ways of Delivering Speeches
In this chapter, we will explore the three modes of speech delivery: impromptu, manuscript, and extemporaneous. Each offers unique advantages and potential challenges. An effective public speaker needs to be familiar with each style so they can use the most appropriate mode for any speech occasion. In writing, there's only one way of ...
How to Give An Extemporaneous Speech
How to Give an Extemporaneous Speech Like a Professional. Here's a mini-training that'll help you develop the genuine, conversational public speaking sound p...
Chapter Thirteen
Extemporaneous. Extemporaneous speaking is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes.. Speaking extemporaneously has some advantages. It promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as knowledgeable and credible since you know the speech well enough that you don't need to read it.
Should We Get Rid of Homework?
The authors believe this meritocratic narrative is a myth and that homework — math homework in particular — further entrenches the myth in the minds of teachers and their students.
Seven Tactics For Tackling Extemp
Tactic 4: Mediate, Then Decide. Show both sides of the issue, then present why you believe one is more convincing than the other. Making a case for both sides will improve your persuasive skills and help you understand that there are always two sides to an issue. Deciding at the end shows the judge that you still have an opinion.
11.2: Methods of Delivery
Try This! Manuscript Delivery. impromptu style. extemporaneous style. There are four basic methods (sometimes called styles) of presenting a speech: manuscript, memorized, extemporaneous, and impromptu. Each has a variety of uses in various forums of communication.
What an Education Expert Says About No-Homework Policies
Getty Images. A teacher in Texas gained national attention — and sparked debate — when she invoked a no-homework policy for her second-grade students. Brandy Young, who's been teaching for 8 ...
Senator Pia S. Cayetano Transcript of Privilege Speech on 'No Homework
The purpose of homework is to help reinforce what was taught in class; to gather extra info beyond what was taught; to enhance a student's knowledge on the subject; and to help struggling students improve their grasp of the topic. So nowhere there says that the student is meant to study alone. That's not the purpose of homework, or to learn on ...
Ultimate Guide for Preparing Effective Extemporaneous Speech
Step 1 - Think of Your Topic. Before the speech starts, you will, in most cases, be given a subject to speak about. At this point, it's more than important to choose the topic for a speech which is closer to you, or which you have a burning desire to speak on with others. Whether it's connected with controversial issues or even socially ...
113 Extemporaneous Speech Topics • My Speech Class
Tip # 8 It's all about producing topics for an extemporaneous that get strictly to the point. If you're feeling nervous, put your hands in your pockets or on front of the table in front of you, and don't be afraid to let people know. Tip # 9 Keep comments about your nervousness short and to the point.
Question of Policy Speech Topics: From Fun to Serious Across Grades
Here's a list of twenty of the best policy speech topics that are relevant and thought-provoking for high school or college students. Each topic is framed as a question. It's easy to frame these topics for debate by writing them as a resolution rather than a question of policy speech topics. For example, the first topic on climate change could ...
Homework overload
Modern education is becoming more dynamic and engaging. Homework is necessary for practice but when does it become a burden?Mikel is a 6th grade student at C...
Homework is pointless. Here's what you should do instead
Next door, the kids have homework. This involves 30 minutes of child-wrangling and patience-testing five days a week, pressure-cooking the little downtime they have together as a family. Meanwhile ...
How To Write An Extemporaneous Speech: Structure & Samples
Developing a logical structure for the speech. Collecting supporting materials & evidence. Writing out the body paragraphs for the speech. Delivering an effective extemporaneous presentation. Concluding the speech effectively. With our assistance, you can be certain that you will receive timely delivery of high-quality material.
Extemporaneous Speech About No Homework Policy
The cheapest estimate is the work that needs to be done in 14 days. Then 275 words will cost you $ 10, while 3 hours will cost you $ 50. Please, take into consideration that VAT tax is totally included in the mentioned prices. The tax will be charged only from EU customers. When choosing an agency, try to pay more attention to the level of ...
Extemporaneous Speech About No Homework Policy
All of our writers are dedicated to their job and do their best to produce all types of academic papers of superior quality. We have experts even in very specific fields of study, so you will definitely find a writer who can manage your order. Niamh Chamberlain. #26 in Global Rating. Extemporaneous Speech About No Homework Policy -.
Extemporaneous Speech About No Homework Policy
Extemporaneous Speech About No Homework Policy. The experts well detail out the effect relationship between the two given subjects and underline the importance of such a relationship in your writing. Our cheap essay writer service is a lot helpful in making such a write-up a brilliant one.

7 Research-Based Reasons Why Students Should Not Have Homework: Academic Insights, Opposing Perspectives & Alternatives

Insights from Teachers and Education Industry Experts: Diverse Perspectives on Homework

7 Reasons Why Students Should Not Have Homework

1. Elevated Stress and Health Consequences

2. Inequitable Impact and Socioeconomic Disparities

3. Negative Impact on Family Dynamics

4. Consumption of Free Time

5. Challenges for Students with Learning Disabilities

6. Critique of Underlying Assumptions about Learning

7. Issues with Homework Enforcement, Reliability, and Temptation to Cheat

Addressing Opposing Views on Homework Practices

1. Improvement of Academic Performance

2. Reinforcement of Learning

3. Development of Time Management Skills

4. Preparation for Future Academic Challenges

5. Parental Involvement in Education

Exploring Alternatives to Homework and Finding a Middle Ground

Alternatives to Traditional Homework

Ideas for Minimizing Homework

Useful Resources

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14.1 Four Methods of Delivery

Impromptu Speaking

Extemporaneous Speaking

Speaking from a Manuscript

Speaking from Memory

Key Takeaways

Share This Book

What Is An Extemporaneous Speech?

Understanding Extemporaneous Speech: A Guide to Spontaneous Expression

What is an Extemporaneous Speech?

The Components of an Extemporaneous Speech

Tips for Delivering an Impressive Extemporaneous Speech

Benefits of Mastering Extemporaneous Speaking

1. Enhanced Communication Skills

2. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving

3. Confidence Building

Mastering Extemporaneous Speaking: A Lifelong Journey

Key Takeaways: What is an Extemporaneous Speech?

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How would you define an extemporaneous speech?

2. How does an extemporaneous speech differ from other types of speech?

3. What are the benefits of delivering an extemporaneous speech?

4. What are some tips for delivering an effective extemporaneous speech?

5. Can anyone become proficient in delivering extemporaneous speeches?

How to Deliver an Extemporaneous Presentation or Speech

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Vocal Aspects of Delivery

TRY THIS! BREATHING

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