research proposal yale

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Research/Clinical/Student Project Proposal Guidelines

Download the 2016 application.  All materials must be formatted using APA format.

I. Quantitative Research Proposal

1. Title and Abstract A 200-word abstract are to accompany the proposal. The abstract should include the study aim, significance, the population and sample description and a statement of the design and analysis.

2. Proposal Outline (1,500 word limit) The following areas are to be included in the proposal, as appropriate.

A. The Problem a) Statement of the problem or research question. b) Hypotheses. c) Definitions of variables. Theoretical and operational definitions (instruments). d) Theoretical framework and population. e) Critique of the most salient elements of the pertinent literature. f) Significance to nursing science.

B. Methodology a) Design b) Instrument reliability and validity. c) Data collection procedure. Include official human subjects reviews if conducted and a consent form. d) Sample, size and sampling procedure. e) Method of analysis.

C. References and Appendices a) Reference list

II. Qualitative Research Proposal

A. Title and 200-word Abstract

B. Proposal (1,500 word limit)     a) A clear statement that specifies the phenomenon to be studied;     b) Documentation of a need for study and significance of the study for nursing;     c) Identification of the qualitative approach with a rationale for its selection;     d) Specification of the design with attention to:         - what data are sought         - how and when those data will be solicited         - how relationships with research participants will be initiated, maintained and terminated         - how data will be managed         - how data will be analyzed and related to pre-existing knowledge         - how findings will be reported     e) References and Appendices

III. Clinical Project – 1500 word limit A clinical project is defined as a professional nursing project that addresses a common or significant health concern in a creative and evidence-based manner.  The project should go beyond the applicant’s usual academic or employment requirements. 

A. Aims - State clearly the clinical significance of the project including how it will identify/test/demonstrate nursing interventions and/or care delivery models that provide the most beneficial outcomes for patients. State concisely and realistically the expected clinical impact of this project, i.e., what the clinical project is intended to accomplish and/or demonstrate. 

B. Significance & Background - Briefly describe the clinical significance of the project. Be clear what is being demonstrated. Provide a synthesis of the literature in the field(s) that is pertinent to the proposed project. Summarize the rationale or theoretical/conceptual underpinnings for the work. State clearly the relationship of this project to an overall program of clinical scholarship.

C. Method - Discuss in detail the methods to be used to accomplish the aims. Describe the potential limitations of the methods and approaches you will use to minimize these limitations. Delineate measures to be used to assess the effect of the project.

D. Dissemination & Translation – Describe the audiences that would benefit from knowing and adopting the findings of this work. Outline a dissemination plan.

E. Time Frame - Provide a timeline for the main steps of the project, including anticipated start and completion dates. 

IV. Student Project – 1500 word limit A student project is defined as project that addresses a common or significant health concern in a creative and evidence-based manner. It may include activities associated with Masters, PhD or DNP work.

A. Aims - State clearly the clinical or research significance of the project including how it will identify/test/demonstrate nursing interventions and/or care delivery models that provide the most beneficial outcomes for patients. State concisely and realistically the expected clinical impact of this project, i.e., what the clinical project is intended to accomplish and/or demonstrate. 

B. Significance & Background - Briefly describe the clinical or research significance of the project. Be clear what is being demonstrated. Provide a synthesis of the literature in the field(s) that is pertinent to the proposed project. Summarize the rationale or theoretical/conceptual underpinnings for the work. State clearly the relationship of this project to an overall program of scholarship. 

C. Method - Discuss in detail the methods to be used to accomplish the aims. Describe the potential limitations of the methods and approaches you will use to minimize these limitations. Delineate measures to be used to assess the effect of the project. 

E. Time Frame - Provide a timeline for the main steps of the project, including anticipated start and completion dates.

Plan Your Application

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Tip: Check out the Step-by-Step Guide to Fellowship Applications !

Preparing a Fellowship Application

To apply for fellowship funding to support a purposeful activity, you will need to prepare a fellowship application.

Your fellowship application will comprise all or some elements of the following:

• Fellowship proposal
• Letter of recommendation
• Language evaluation
• Yale transcript

Steps in Preparing a Fellowship Application

1. search the stud​ent grants database and determine your eligibility.

Most of the information you will need about the Yale fellowships available, their eligibility requirements, their application processes and deadlines, can be found on the Student Grants Database . This is your first, and most important step, in identifying opportunities for which you and your proposed project may be eligible. If you're thinking of applying for an external fellowship , in addition to checking the Yale Database, see the official website of that fellowship in order to determine your eligibility.

2. Attend an Information Session

Fellowship Programs offers a range of information sessions - some focused on general opportunities and others focused on specific opportunities. Attending these will help you ask yourself the right questions and familiarize yourself with the fellowship application process. We offer information sessions and workshops seasonally, to help you prepare for upcoming deadlines: since most summer fellowships have winter or early spring deadlines, most information sessions and workshops for these are in the fall term; while many postgraduate fellowships have deadlines in the summer and fall, so events in preparation for those generally take place in the spring term. See the Fellowships calendar .

3. Attend a Workshop

The offices within CIPE offer many workshops, including sessions on writing fellowship proposals, crafting résumés, and networking:

• Fellowship Programs Calendar
• Office of Career Strategy - Yale Career Link
• Study Abroad Events

4. Start Making Contacts

Establishing contacts can be daunting but it is a vital step in preparing your application materials and establishing the details of your project. Try these resources to help you to get started:

5. Discuss your Plans

Whatever you are planning, there are people at Yale who can guide you in making decisions about your proposed project. Discussing your plans with a Yale faculty member or adviser is especially important if you are planning a research project or applying for a fellowship for graduate study.

6. Make an Appointment

If you have specific questions about an application for a fellowship on which we advise, you can make a one-to-one advising appointment with a Fellowships Adviser .

7. Seek Advice from Past Candidates

Talk to those who have already gone through the process of planning their summer project or applying to a postgraduate fellowship. Their inside advice will help you to prepare for your own experience. Aside from your own social network, here are some other resources:

• Hear from other Yalies : find lists of past award winners, read final reports written by past Yale College Fellowships winners, and get advice from past Yale applicants for external awards
• Reach out to a Graduate Fellowship Affiliate

After an Application is Submitted

Yale fellowships.

After you submit an application for a Yale-funded fellowship, it will be reviewed for eligibility for the competition and then forwarded to the committee. Fellowship committees are comprised of faculty, deans, and other members of the Yale community with relevant expertise and experience. Some committees interview short-listed applicants before making awards while other committees do not interview. Fellowship Programs notifies all applicants of the outcome of competitions administered by our office, as soon as we can.

External Fellowships

The process is pretty similar to what happens after you submit an application for a Yale-funded fellowship, although there may be additional rounds of competition and a longer wait for results.

For awards requiring a campus evaluation or nomination process

Because there is an evaluation process which needs to take place before the external deadline, campus application deadlines can be a month or more in advance of the external deadline (check the Yale Student Grants Database for campus application deadlines for these awards). After the campus deadline, eligible applications are reviewed by a fellowship committee comprised of faculty, deans, and other members of the Yale community with relevant expertise and experience. Some committees interview short-listed applicants before making decisions, while other committees do not interview.

Fellowship Programs notifies all applicants for competitions administered by our office and, whatever the outcome, feedback may be sought from the Fellowships office to help going forward. Should your application be forwarded by the campus committee to the next stage of competition, you'll usually have a chance to finalize your application with the benefit of advice from the committee (when permitted--this is another reason for campus deadlines to be earlier than external deadlines). Applications are finalized and submitted, along with any additional required materials, by the official application deadline and are then considered by the external committee.

External fellowship committees

Applications for external fellowships which do not require a campus evaluation or nomination process go straight to the external fellowship committee. These fellowship committees are, like campus committees , comprised of people with relevant experience and expertise, most often including former winners of the fellowship at hand. They evaluate and short-list applications, and sometimes conduct semi-finalist and/or finalist interviews before making decisions and notifying awardees. (Not all external awards have the ability to notify unsuccessful applicants of the outcome.)

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• Writing a Fellowship Proposal
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Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology

Senior research.

One term of original research in an area relevant to ecology or evolutionary biology. This may involve, for example, laboratory work, fieldwork, or mathematical or computer modeling. Students may also work in areas related to environmental biology such as policy, economics, or ethics. The research project may not be a review of relevant literature but must be original. In all cases students must have a faculty sponsor who oversees the research and is responsible for the rigor of the project. Students are expected to spend ten hours per week on their research projects. Using the form available from the office of undergraduate studies or from the Classes server, students must submit a research proposal that has been approved by the faculty sponsor to the director of undergraduate studies, preferably during the term preceding the research. Proposals are due no later than the first day of the second week of the term in which the student enrolls in the course. The final research paper is due in the hands of the director of undergraduate studies by the last day of reading period in the term of enrollment.

Requires Permission from Instructor

Enrollment limited to EEB seniors. Two terms of senior research fulfills the senior requirement for the B.S. degree.

http://eeb.yale.edu/sites/default/files/eeb_475_a_and_b_senior_research_…

1 Yale College course credit(s).

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Research resources, sterling library.

The majestic Sterling Library, completed in the 1930s, and with a collection of over four million volumes, is the center of the Yale library system. A fully-computerized catalog, an impressive list of online journals, air-conditioned stacks, and a gorgeous renovation of the main Reading Room and the Manuscripts and Archives Library are among the amenities offered by the library. For more details, please consult the extensive  Library website (in particular, English Resources ).

Beinecke Library

The Beinecke Library offers unparalleled opportunities for graduate students in English to carry out original research. Its collections of original editions, manuscripts, early newspapers, and the papers and correspondence of major writers, many of which have never been completely quarried, are a rich trove for future scholarship. The Beinecke has extraordinary holdings in both early and modern periods, with special depth in manuscripts relating to British , American , and African-American literature and art.  Authors represented include: William Beckford, Sir John Betjeman, James Boswell, Wilkie Collins, Joseph Conrad, James Fenimore Cooper, Walter Crane, Daniel Defoe, Charles Dickens, Jonathan Edwards, George Eliot, George Gissing, James Joyce, Rudyard Kipling, D.H. Lawrence, John Masefield, George Meredith, Alexander Pope, John Ruskin, Robert Louis Stevenson, Edith Wharton, Rebecca West, and Walt Whitman; artists include Georgia O’Keefe and Alfred Steiglitz. The Beinecke houses a particularly important collection of materials relating to international Modernism , including the papers of Ezra Pound, H.D., Gertrude Stein, William Carlos Williams, Mina Loy and Carl Van Vechten. And it was Van Vechten who founded the equally superb collection representing African-American writers and artists, featuring James Weldon Johnson, W.E.B. DuBois, Chester Himes, Langston Hughes, Richard Wright, Jean Toomer and Zora Neale Hurston. The largest collection of manuscripts remains, probably, the Osborn collection, encompassing nearly every aspect of British literature and history from the reign of Richard II to that of Victoria.

The Beinecke also offers a series of Master Classes in specialized fields such as paleography, biography, or the history of the book, conducted by distinguished visiting scholars.

The Lewis Walpole Library

A leading non-circulating research library for English eighteenth-century studies, the library contains 35,000 volumes, whose centerpiece is Horace Walpole’s own antiquarian library. The collection includes pamphlets and tracts documenting the history of Walpole’s times, and of plays of the period, in a comprehensive set known as The Theatre of George the 3d . The Library houses the most extensive collection of English eighteenth-century satirical prints in the United States, with highly detailed indices.

The Robert B. Haas Family Arts Library

The Robert B. Haas Family Arts Library at 180 York Street comprises the merged holdings of the former Art & Architecture and Drama Libraries, the Arts of the Book Collection, and the staff of the Visual Resources Collection, making it the primary collection for the study of art, architecture, and drama production at Yale. Currently, the drama collections have approximately 20,000 volumes, including plays by American, British, and international playwrights, books on the history of theatre, theatre architecture, dramatic criticism, costume and stage design, stage lighting and production, theatre management, biographies and related reference books. Non-book materials from the former Drama Library that document theatrical production through photographic prints, production books, scrapbooks, and ephemera are now part of the Arts Library Special Collections department. Highlights include the Rollo Peters Archive, the Rockefeller Theatrical Prints Collection, the Doolittle Collection of Japanese Theatre Prints, and the George Pierce Baker Collection. Yale School of Drama students are free to use the collections in the libraries of other graduate professional schools, the Sterling Memorial Library, the Bass Library and the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

Lillian Goldman Law Library

The Lillian Goldman Law Library is located within the heart of the Yale Law School complex, providing the Law School community with ready access to one of the world’s finest collections of printed legal materials. These collections are complemented by access to a growing array of online sources, as well as the strong interdisciplinary collections housed nearby at more than twenty-five other campus libraries, including the Sterling Memorial Library and the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library . A major goal of the Law School’s library is to support the needs of twenty-first-century legal researchers by integrating access to print and online sources throughout the library.

Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library

The Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library strives to be a center of excellence that develops and sustains services and resources to support the biomedical, health, and public health care information needs of Yale University and the Yale-New Haven Medical Center.

CENTERS and MUSEUMS

The mcdougal center.

The McDougal Center in the Hall of Graduate Studies houses a number of facilities for graduate students–a library and a reading room, computer facilities, the Blue Dog Café, a children’s play area and family resource room, meeting rooms, and lounges. McDougal Fellows–members of a graduate student administrative group–help oversee programs and activities from their offices in the Center.

The Whitney Humanities Center

The Whitney Humanities Center is an interdisciplinary institution that reflects Yale University’s longstanding commitment to the humanities. The Whitney promotes research and scholarly exchange across fields and is especially committed to supporting the activities of faculty and students whose work transcends departmental boundaries.

Beyond this, the Whitney hosts a wide array of events, from international symposia and lectures that bring prominent visitors to the university, to small “working groups” that meet regularly for a free and informal exchange of ideas among faculty and students on topics of more than disciplinary interest.

The Yale Center for British Art

Housing the largest collection of British art outside the United Kingdom, this museum was founded when Yale graduate Paul Mellon bequeathed his extraordinary collection of British art to the university, and funded the handsome modern building that contains it. Both the reference room of the library, and the Rare Book and Print Room, offer graduate students in English opportunities for interdisciplinary work involving the visual arts.

The Yale University Art Gallery

Graduate Research Assistantships (GRA) at the Yale University Art Gallery and the Yale Center for British Art are designed to provide Yale University doctoral students, in their second through sixth year, the opportunity to work as part of an intellectual team on a major scholarly project at one of the museums. These research positions enhance the educational experiences provided by academic course work and teaching assistantships at the University, allowing students to extend their range of academic specializations and expertise, and to augment research skills by direct contact with objects in the collections.

The Gallery also offers a number of scholarly lectures, workshops, and symposia each year. They are eager to develop and coordinate this programming in conjunction with courses being taught across the University and welcome discussions of upcoming course schedules, departmental colloquia or symposia, research emphases, or other points of potential overlap.

The Elizabethan Club

The Elizabethan Club contains about 300 volumes of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literature, including the first four Shakespeare folios, the Huth Shakespeare quartos, and first or early quartos of all the major dramatists. The books may be brought to the Beinecke Library.

Science & Quantitative Reasoning Education

Yale undergraduate research, evaluation of student funding proposals, what we look for when we evaluate student proposals for funding, 1. quality of the candidate.

You are your best advocate, so tell us in detail how getting summer funding will help you achieve your goals. Include with your application your Yale transcript and a CV, including in it what activities you did in high school. It is very important that you describe any previous research experience you have, even if it was not at Yale or was in high school. 

2. Quality of the research proposal

Your research proposal should be 4-8 pages long, not including references (1.5 space, 12 point Times New Roman), in order to provide enough detail for the reviewers.  The main goal of your research proposal is to demonstrate to the reviewers that you thoroughly understand the research you will be conducting (both the technical aspects and the overall goals) and can explain it coherently in your own words . You should assume that the reviewers are science literate, but are NOT experts in your field of research or discipline.  You can use resources from your lab, and we highly encourage extensive discussions of your proposal with your faculty mentor. However, you must make sure that it is written entirely by you .  We are very good at spotting what is yours and what’s your mentor’s work. It is absolutely inappropriate to lift portions of your mentor’s grant proposals and incorporate them into yours, even when explaining experimental design details . The only exception is preliminary data from your mentor’s lab that you might want to include in your proposal to justify your research aims. If you do this, you MUST properly cite the source of the material . Students who submit research proposals that are not their own work will be subjected to all University policies regarding academic integrity .

Refer to the section “How to Write a Research Proposal” for guidance on writing a successful proposal and be sure to look at the examples. In general, provide enough background to demonstrate to the reviewers that you understand, not only the technical details of your project but also the scientific basis for the experiments you have proposed and what you will learn from the results.  Definitely propose a hypothesis on which your research is based and/or an explanation for how your research, if successful, will help to move the scientific field forward.  Make sure to define ALL abbreviations and properly and completely cite your sources. 

3. Quality of the research experience

Yale labs typically provide a good research experience, but it is important for your mentor to mention how he/she will specifically mentor you over the summer. How often will your primary mentor (the lab PI) meet with you? Will you get to present your research data to the mentor? To your lab members? We want you not to only learn the technical aspects of doing science, but also to constantly discuss your data with your mentor, brainstorm any problems you might encounter and present your data in lab meetings.

4. Quality of mentor’s letter of support

Be sure to provide the guidelines for the mentor letter to your mentor AT LEAST several weeks before the deadline for the application so she/he knows what is expected and will have the time to write a well though-out letter for you.  If you are new to your lab, but have previous research experience from high school be sure to include a letter from your previous mentor as well. Get to know your mentor so she/he can craft a strong letter of support for you.

Research at Yale

Learn what makes Yale one of the world’s leading research universities.

Yale University’s excellence in research and scholarship helps solve real-world problems and furthers its mission to improve the world today and for future generations. Through academic leadership and strategic partnerships around the world, Yale works to advance research, create knowledge, and further innovation.

Yale is renowned for both discovery and teaching. As a unified, innovative, and accessible student-centered research university, Yale’s labs and classrooms are turning out the next generation of world renowned innovators in many areas of research excellence, from biotechnology and environmental science to oncology, pharmaceuticals and quantum computing.

As part of the leadership team in the Office of the Provost , the Vice Provost for Research oversees and partners with the office's research team to support researchers, as well as several central university offices.

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Office of sponsored projects, human research protection program, animal research support, conflict of interest office, export controls, office of research compliance, faculty research management services.

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Responsible for the University’s systems and processes regarding research administration and improved compliance and regulatory activities. Provides oversight and guidance for Yale’s research offices. Coordinate the activities of the various University offices providing support to faculty, staff and students on sponsored projects, to assure that service provided by those offices is of the highest caliber and professionalism, and to serve as an effective representative for the research enterprise at Yale University and nationally.

The Office of Research Compliance (ORC) provides support to the Office of Research Administration (ORA) and its mission. As such, ORC’s role is to review and participate in the implementation of emerging regulatory requirements, and proactively monitoring regulatory compliance through assessments and responding to concerns expressed to the ORC.

The Office of Sponsored Projects serves as a central resource to support faculty and staff in obtaining and managing sponsored awards. From proposal submission, grant and contract review and negotiation, and oversight of received funds, our office is available to support the Yale research community. Our mission is to provide exemplary support while ensuring compliance with sponsor terms and conditions and University policy.

Award Management

The Office of Sponsored Projects’ Award Management team has responsibilities for ensuring University and sponsor policies, procedures, and processes are followed.

Contracts at Yale

The OSP Contracts’ team is responsible for reviewing, negotiating and finalizing contracts with corporate partners, the Federal Government and complex agreements with Foundations.

Committed to conducting quality animal research in an ethical and responsible manner.

Policies, Procedures, Guidelines and Instructions

Applicable Federal and State Regulations.

Submit for IACUC review

For questions regarding your protocol, contact your protocol liaison.

Under the oversight of the Deputy Provost for Research, the Yale Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) within the Office of Research Administration is responsible for the protection of the rights and welfare of human subjects in research projects conducted at Yale, by Yale faculty, staff and students, and by investigators from several affiliate institutions .

Policies, Procedures, Guidance and Checklists

Documents to assist in fulfilling obligations to ensure that research is in compliance with applicable laws, regulations and Yale’s commitment to the protection of its research participants.

Each IRB panel has a submission focus, but are constituted to be able to review all types of submissions.

Yale School of Medicine PreAward Team (YPAT)

YSM Pre Award is a team of dedicated and cross-trained Pre-Award Administrators who provide pre-award support to YSM departments. These services include support for proposal development, pre-proposals or Letters of Intent (LOIs), Just-In-Time (JIT) requests and assistance navigating sponsor policies and interpreting guidelines. Our staff work directly with faculty to prepare submissions that are sent to Office of Sponsored Projects for submission to external sponsors.

Faculty Research Management Services (FRMS) provides non-medical school departments and their principal investigators with the resources and expert knowledge needed to compete for, manage, and renew sponsored awards.

Pre-Award Support

We help determine eligibility for grants and awards, and develop the proposals needed to compete for them.

Post-Award Support

Keeps principal investigators and staff up-to-date and ensure compliance with guidelines and regulations

The Provost’s Committee on Conflict of Interest (“Committee”) is charged with identifying and addressing any potential, actual, and apparent conflicts of interest resulting from related external interests. The Conflict of Interest Office supports the Committee while working collaboratively with the Yale community to manage, reduce, or eliminate any identified potential, actual, or apparent conflicts of interest.

COI Policies & Procedures

In pursuit of its own mission, and consistent with the requirements of external agencies, particularly the federal government, Yale University has formulated the Policy on Conflict of Interest to identify and address conflicts of interest and conflicts of commitment.

Please visit our site for FAQs and other information and resources related to external interest disclosure requirements and processes.

Federal and other COI Requirements and Guidelines

Access Yale’s External Interests Disclosure Form (Yale NetID and password are required). To access the Disclosure Form from outside of Yale’s network (e.g., from your home or other remote location), Yale VPN (Virtual Private Network) is required. If you do not already have a VPN client installed , for further information.

Environmental Health and Safety

Ensures that the campus and work environment are as safe as possible, to protect staff from harm and to prevent accidents and injuries.

In order to ensure compliance with Export Controls, Yale faculty and staff need to identify when their activities may trigger such regulations. When Export Controls do apply, individuals must take the appropriate steps to obtain any required governmental licenses, monitor and control access to restricted information, and safeguard all controlled materials. The office of Export Controls helps you understand and comply with export control regulations.

Guidelines on Export Controls

The University may be required to obtain prior approval before allowing foreign nationals to participate in research, collaborate with a foreign company, or share research results with foreign nationals.

Government Regulations

Various regulations govern export controls.

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• Knowledge Base
• Starting the research process
• How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 21, 2023.

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

• Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

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Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

• Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
• Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

• The proposed title of your project
• Your supervisor’s name
• Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

• Introduce your topic
• Give necessary background and context
• Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

• Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
• How much is already known about the topic
• What is missing from this current knowledge
• What new insights your research will contribute
• Why you believe this research is worth doing

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As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

• Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
• Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
• Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

• Improving best practices
• Informing policymaking decisions
• Strengthening a theory or model
• Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
• Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

• Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
• Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
• Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

• Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
• Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
• Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

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Yale Research Team Awarded $4 Million Grant to Evaluate New Immunizations for Infant RSV

A multidisciplinary team of Yale scientists has received a $4 million federal grant to study the effectiveness of a new vaccine and monoclonal antibody shot designed to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants.

The five-year grant from the National Institutes of Health will allow the researchers to investigate the interventions’:

• overall effectiveness
• durability in providing immunity
• effectiveness against different virus lineages
• effectiveness across age groups

Globally, RSV is second only to malaria as the leading cause of infant death. It is estimated that over 100,000 children under 5 die from RSV annually, half of them infants less than 6 months of age. In the United States, RSV is associated with 1.5 million annual medical encounters in children less than 5 years old and is the leading cause of hospitalization among infants under 1 year. It is the most common form of bronchitis and pneumonia among infants.

After years of trials and study, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention approved the use of two new tools to help protect infants from RSV in 2023. Nirsevimab , a long-acting monoclonal antibody, is the first drug of its kind to be used as part of a routine immunization program for infants. Abrysvo is the first vaccine to be specifically labeled for use in pregnant women to protect their infants from RSV disease

“The … introduction of new immunoprophylactic agents offers unique opportunities to confront the challenge of RSV in infants,” the researchers said in their project summary. “As is the case with any new vaccine, it will be important to conduct studies during the early phases of implementing these new immunization strategies to answer many unanswered questions surrounding their risks and benefits in real-world settings.”

Data collected in the study will inform health officials and policymakers on the optimal use of the new RSV preventative strategies and will help build public confidence in the immunization program, the researchers said.

The research team includes specialists in a variety of disciplines — vaccinology, clinical epidemiology, pediatric infectious diseases, viral genomics, bioinformatics, and translational immunology. A distinct feature of the project is that it will utilize a “vaccinomics” framework to study interactions between the virus, the vaccines, and the mother/child immune system. The researchers believe this approach will generate novel mechanistic data that will advance our understanding of the various factors that may contribute to diminished or maladaptive vaccine responses.

Carlos R. Oliveira, MD, PhD , an attending physician and specialist in pediatric infectious diseases at Yale New Haven’s Children Hospital, is principal investigator. Oliveira is an assistant professor of pediatrics (infectious diseases and global health), of biostatistics (health informatics), and of biomedical informatics & data science at both Yale School of Medicine (YSM) and the Yale School of Public Health (YSPH).

YSPH co-investigators on the project are Professor of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases Linda Niccolai, PhD , Associate Professor of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases Nathan Grubaugh, PhD, and Associate Professor of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases Daniel Weinberger, PhD . Eugene Shapiro, MD , professor of pediatrics, of epidemiology, and of investigative medicine at both YSM and YSPH, is also a co-investigator along with Paul Aronson, MD , associate professor of pediatrics (emergency medicine), and Carrie Lucas, PhD , associate professor of immunobiology, both of YSM.

With the NIH funding, the research team plans to conduct a large-scale case-controlled study using data collected from an estimated 3,750 children one year of age or younger who receive care for acute respiratory illness at inpatient and outpatient clinical sites of the Yale New Haven Health System, the largest and most comprehensive health care system in Connecticut.

Data will be collected from multiple sources including health records, interviews, immunization registries, and population surveys. Investigators will also conduct genetic characterization of all RSV viruses identified in the study, monitor the genetic diversity of the virus over time, and quantify the relative effectiveness of the immunizations against various viral lineages.

• Vaccination

Featured in this article

• Carlos R Oliveira, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases & Global Health), of Biostatistics (Health Informatics), and of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science; Director, Pediatric AIDS, and Congenital Infectious Diseases; Co-Lead of Yale Network of Vaccine Initiatives, Yale Institute for Global Health
• Linda Niccolai, PhD Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Professor of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases); Affiliated Faculty, Yale Institute for Global Health; Director, HPV Working Group at Yale; Director, CT Emerging Infections Program at Yale, Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases
• Nathan Grubaugh, PhD Associate Professor of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases); Affiliated Faculty, Yale Institute for Global Health
• Eugene Shapiro, MD Professor of Pediatrics (General Pediatrics) and of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases); Vice Chair for Research, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics; Deputy Director, Investigative Medicine PhD Program, Investigative Medicine Program; Co-Director of Education, Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, YCCI Senior Leadership; Affiliated Faculty, Yale Institute for Global Health
• Paul Aronson, MD, MHS Associate Professor of Pediatrics (Emergency Medicine); Deputy Director, Pediatric Residency Program; Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Elective, Pediatrics
• Carrie L Lucas, PhD Associate Professor of Immunobiology

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Yale Faculty Present Groundbreaking Clinical Research at the 2024 American College of Cardiology Scientific Sessions

The American College of Cardiology (ACC) is holding its annual Scientific Meeting on April 6-8, 2024, where Yale faculty and trainees will present their latest clinical research.

“Yale’s commitment to research is on full display at this year’s American College of Cardiology conference, where dozens of our faculty and trainees will share their contributions to science with our colleagues across the world,” said Eric J. Velazquez, MD , Robert W. Berliner Professor of Medicine and chief of Yale Cardiovascular Medicine. “I’m extremely proud to lead a group of doctors and scientists who come to work each and every day thinking about how to advance the field of cardiovascular medicine – all with the goal of providing patients with the best possible care.”

Key presentations featuring Yale faculty and trainees include:

Saturday, April 6, 2024

9:30 - 11:00 a.m. Session 1007: Outcome Prediction by Multimodality Imaging in Chronic CAD Moderated Poster Theater 07

9:30 - 11:00 a.m. Session 1008: Recognizing and Eliminated Disparities in CVD Moderated Poster Theater 08

9:45 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1201: Critical Care Cardiology 01 Hall B4-5

9:45 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1202: Innovation, Digital Health, and Technology 01 Hall B4-5

9:45 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1203: Vascular Medicine: Clinical Science 01 Hall B4-5

10:45 - 11:30 a.m. Session 1221: Complex Clinical Cases: FIT Valvular Heart Disease 02 Hall B4-5

10:45 - 11:30 a.m. Session 1232: Multimodality Imaging: Clinical Science 02 Hall B4-5

11:45 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Session 1242: Spotlight on Special Topics: Cardio-OB 03 Hall B4-5

12:45 - 1:30 p.m. Session 1261: Innovation, Digital Health, and Technology 04 Hall B4-5

12:45 - 1:30 p.m. Session 1263: Vascular Medicine: Basic and Translational Science 04 Hall B4-5

1:30 - 3:00 p.m. Session 1032: Refining the Art of Implementation Science Moderated Poster Theater 08

1:45 - 2:30 p.m. Session 1282: Global Cardiovascular Health 05 Hall B4-5

1:45 - 2:30 p.m. Session 1283: Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Clinical and Population Science 05 Hall B4-5

1:45 - 2:30 p.m. Session 1288: Interventional and Structural: Endovascular Interventions 05 Hall B4-5

1:45 - 2:30 p.m. Session 1289: Interventional and Structural: Aortic Valve Interventions 05 Hall B4-5

2:45 - 3:30 p.m. Session 1305: Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies: Clinical Science 06 Hall B4-5

2:45 - 3:30 p.m. Session 1307: Ischemic Heart Disease: Clinical Science 06 Hall B4-5

3:30 - 5:00 p.m. Session 1038: Back to the Future: Application of AI and ML in Heart Failure Moderated Poster Theater 02

3:30 - 5:00 p.m. Session 1045: Simulations and AI-Based Predictions Enhancing CV Care Moderated Poster Theater 09

3:45 - 4:30 p.m. Session 1321: Cardio-oncology 07 Hall B4-5

3:45 - 4:30 p.m. Session 1322: Vascular Medicine: Venous and Thromboembolic Disease 07 Hall B4-5

4:15 - 5:30 p.m. Session 632: Older and Wiser: Improving Health Across the Lifespan For Older Adults With Ischemic Heart Disease B401

Sunday, April 7, 2024

8:00 - 9:15 a.m. Session 504: April Adventure: Top Interventional Trials of 2023 Thomas B. Murphy Ballroom 2

8:00 - 9:15 a.m. Session 1050: #GDMT Works: From Heart Failure to Heart Success Moderated Poster Theater 02

9:00 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1052: Peripheral Vascular Disease Moderated Poster Theater 04

9:15 - 10:00 a.m. Session 1340: Complex Clinical Cases: FIT Heart Failure 08 Hall B4-5

9:15 - 10:00 a.m. Session 1342: Vascular Medicine: Special Populations08 Hall B4-5

9:15 - 10:00 a.m. Session 1343: Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies: Pharmacology 08 Hall B4-5

9:15 - 10:00 a.m. Session 1353: Prevention and Health Promotion: Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Disease 08 Hall B4-5

9:15 - 10:15 a.m. Session 2007: Heart Tank For the Cardiovascular Investigator: The Susan Smyth Memorial Tournament of Champions Engage Stage

9:45 - 11:00 a.m. Session 712: Joint Symposium of the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology B206

9:45 - 11:00 a.m. Session 505: April Adventure: The Great ECG Challenge Thomas B. Murphy Ballroom 2

9:45 - 11:00 a.m. Session 909: Highlighted Original Research: Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies and the Year in Review B207

10:15 - 11:00 a.m. Session 1362: Training and Lifelong Learning 09 Hall B4-5

10:15 - 11:00 a.m. Session 1366: Ischemic Heart Disease: Clinical Science 09 Hall B4-5

10:15 - 11:00 a.m. Session 1371: Electrophysiology: Population Science 09 Hall B4-5

10:15 - 11:00 a.m. Session 1372: Prevention and Health Promotion: Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Disease 09 Hall B4-5

11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Session 1062: Neph Bomb: Decongestion in Heart Failure Moderated Poster Theater 02

11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Session 1064: Impact of Age on Interventional Cardiology Care Moderated Poster Theater 04

11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Session 1065: Vascular Vistas: Tailored Research For Special Populations Moderated Poster Theater 05

11:15 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Session 1382: Critical Care Cardiology 10 Hall B4-5

11:15 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Session 1384: Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies: Population Science 10 Hall B4-5

11:15 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Session 1385: Ischemic Heart Disease: Pharmacology 10 Hall B4-5

11:15 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Session 1393: Prevention and Health Promotion: Population Science 10 Hall B4-5

12:15 - 1:00 p.m. Session 1401: Critical Care Cardiology 11 Hall B4-5

12:15 - 1:00 p.m. Session 1403: Vascular Medicine: Clinical Science 11 Hall B4-5

12:15 - 1:00 p.m. Session 1414: Prevention and Health Promotion: Lipids 11 Hall B4-5

1:00 - 2:30 p.m. Session 1075: Bulking Up Advances in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Moderated Poster Theater 03

2:15 - 3:00 p.m. Session 1453: Prevention and Health Promotion: Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Disease 13 Hall B4-5

2:15 - 3:00 p.m. Session 1454: Prevention and Health Promotion: Lipids 13 Hall B4-5

3:15 - 4:00 p.m. Session 1461: Critical Care Cardiology 14 Hall B4-5

4:30 - 5:45 p.m. Session 709: Treating Arrhythmias in Athletes: When, Who and How? B312

Monday, April 8, 2024

8:30 - 9:45 a.m. Session 913: Highlighted Original Research: Interventional and Structural and the Year in Review B405

8:30 - 9:45 a.m. Session 914: Highlighted Original Research: Multimodality Imaging and the Year in Review B213

9:00 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1099: New Analyses From Heart Failure Clinical Trials Moderated Poster Theater 03

9:00 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1102: Not Just a Number: Ischemic Heart Disease in Older Populations Moderated Poster Theater 06

9:00 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1103: Quantitative Markers of Clinical Risk From Multimodality Imaging Moderated Poster Theater 07

9:00 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1104: Sex, Gender, Hormones, and the Heart Moderated Poster Theater 08

9:45 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1482: Vascular Medicine: Special Populations 15 Hall B4-5

9:45 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1487: Ischemic Heart Disease: Special Populations 15 Hall B4-5

9:45 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1489: Multimodality Imaging: MR 15 Hall B4-5

9:45 - 10:30 a.m. Session 1492: Prevention and Health Promotion: Lipids 15 Hall B4-5

10:45 - 11:30 a.m. Session 1501: Complex Clinical Cases: FIT Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure 16 Hall B4-5

10:45 - 11:30 a.m. Session 1504: Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies: Clinical Science 16 Hall B4-5

10:45 - 11:30 a.m. Session 1505: Ischemic Heart Disease: Population Science 16 Hall B4-5

10:45 - 11:30 a.m. Session 1508: Interventional and Structural: Coronary Interventions 16 Hall B4-5

11:00 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. Session 734: Finding Balance: Wellness in the CHD Clinician B308

11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Session 1114: Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Moderated Poster Theater 06

11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Session 1115: Imaging Science on the Verge of Clinical Translation Moderated Poster Theater 07

11:45 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Session 1520: Complex Clinical Cases: MD/PhD 17 Hall B4-5

11:45 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Session 1523: Vascular Medicine: Clinical Science 17 Hall B4-5

12:45 - 1:30 p.m. Session 1546: Ischemic Heart Disease: Special Populations 18 Hall B4-5

12:45 - 2:00 p.m. Session 742: 2024 Eugene Braunwald Keynote Thomas B. Murphy Ballroom 4

2:30 - 3:45 p.m. Session 759: Step-by-Step Management of Patients With AFIB and LAA Occlusion in 2024 B405

• Conferences & Symposia
• Cardiovascular Medicine

Featured in this article

• Eric Velazquez, MD
• Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM
• Michael Nanna, MD, MHS, FSCAI
• Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, MD, MPH
• Rohan Khera, MD, MS
• Yi-Hwa Liu, PhD
• Albert Sinusas, MD
• Edward J Miller, MD, PhD
• Attila Feher, MD, PhD
• Emily Fishman, MD
• Alexander Ambrosini, MD
• Yuan Lu, ScD
• Mitsuaki Sawano, MD, PhD
• Jeph Herrin, PhD
• Cesar Caraballo-Cordovez, MD
• Karthik Murugiah, MBBS
• Mohammad Mouslmani
• Erica Spatz, MD, MHS
• Philip Adejumo
• Lovedeep Dhingra, MBBS
• Arya Aminorroaya, MD/MPH
• Phyllis Thangaraj, MD, PhD
• Sumukh Vasisht Shankar
• Evangelos K. Oikonomou, MD, DPhil
• Veer Sangha
• Rachel Lampert, MD, FACC
• Aline Fernandes Pedroso Camargos
• Jeffrey Testani, MD, MTR
• Kim Germaine Emiel Smolderen, PhD, MSc
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Yale student awarded grant to pursue community-centered project.

Nishah Jaferi

A Yale College junior was awarded a 2024 Davis Projects for Peace grant, which provides funding for innovative, community-centered projects that address the world’s most critical issues.

Nishah Jaferi was among 129 awardees from 94 partner institutions to receive funding to pursue a project, typically between June and September in the award year. Projects focus on issues related to health and well-being, the quality of and access to education, youth development, environmental issues, and protecting human rights.

Projects for Peace was founded in 2007 by Kathryn W. Davis, who celebrated her 100th birthday by supporting 100 Projects for Peace, designed “to bring about a mindset of preparing for peace, instead of preparing for war.” The grant is administered by Middlebury College in Vermont.

Jaferi, of Saybrook College, is a pre-med student studying molecular, cellular, and developmental biology. She will use the Davis Projects for Peace grant to implement her program, Nisa Project, a women’s health literacy program designed to support refugee, asylum seeking, and undocumented women in their health and resettlement journeys. Her program features a series of culturally competent and trauma-informed wellness courses addressing topics in women’s health, self-advocacy, and equity. Through her project, Jaferi aims to improve access to essential health knowledge and services, fostering agency, autonomy, and support for newcomer women. 

Jaferi is passionate about cancer immunology, women’s health equity, and community building in migrant communities. In 2020, she founded Hello Hygienics, an initiative to provide critical personal protective equipment and health resources to underserved communities across South Florida during the COVID-19 pandemic. At Yale, Jaferi is a STARS II Scholar conducting research on topics in basic cancer research, survivorship, and intimate partner violence at Yale School of Medicine. She has also held positions as director of the Yale Women’s Leadership Conference and as a health-policy intern for Integrated Refugee & Immigrant Services (IRIS), in New Haven, and serves on various community advisory boards promoting women’s health in Connecticut. 

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The Budget Lab at Yale Launches to Provide Novel Analysis for Federal Policy Proposals

The  Budget Lab at Yale , a nonpartisan policy research center, launched on April 12 to provide in-depth analysis for federal policy proposals impacting the American economy. For too long, according to the center’s founders, policy analysis has been narrowly focused on short-term cost estimates, or traditional budget scores, according to the center’s founders. The Budget Lab aims to fill a critical gap in policy evaluation, particularly focusing on the long-term effects of proposed policies on the economy, the income distribution, and recipients. The Budget Lab’s initial analysis , released today, examines both the Tax Cut and Jobs Act (TCJA) and the Child Tax Credit (CTC) through this broader lens.  

The Budget Lab is co-founded by leading economic advisors and academics whose goal is to bring fresh ideas and new methods to policy making. 

• Natasha Sarin, Co-founder and President, is a Professor of Law at Yale Law School with a secondary appointment at the Yale School of Management in the Finance Department. She served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy and later as a Counselor to the U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen. 
• Danny Yagan, Co-founder and Chief Economist, is an Associate Professor of Economics at UC Berkeley and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He was the Chief Economist of the White House Office of Management and Budget.
• Martha Gimbel, Co-founder and Executive Director, is a former Senior Advisor at the White House Council of Economic Advisers, Senior Policy Advisor to the U.S Secretary of Labor, and Senior Economist and Research Director at Congress’s Joint Economic Committee. 

“For many of the greatest policy challenges of our time — investing in children, combating climate change — their most important impact is not on short-run GDP. We need to understand the effects on poverty, on emissions reduction, on the income distribution,” said Sarin. “We are excited to share the tools we have built to analyze the fiscal and social impacts of government policies so policymakers can make better choices.”

The Budget Lab’s work will look at issues not included in current budget policy assessment methods, particularly in evaluating the full scope of costs and returns related to policies including the child tax credit, tax cuts, paid family leave, deficit reduction, and universal pre-K. The Lab’s innovative approach bridges this gap by offering a combination of existing open-source models and our microsimulation tax model to provide fast, transparent, and innovative estimates that unlock deeper insights.

“Our approach implements a new lens to improve existing conventions for distributional impacts by showing how policies affect families over time,” added Yagan. 

One key aspect of the Budget Lab’s commitment to transparency is its open-access model code. The code used to produce analysis is publicly available, fostering trust and allowing policymakers to understand how the Budget Lab arrives at its results. It also allows for the infrastructure of the budget model the team is developing to be leveraged by others interested in similar analysis. 

“Our aim is to provide rapid responses to important policy questions with the ability to think not only about the costs of policies but also about benefits and the return on investments,” said Martha Gimbel.  “Our tax microsimulation model, budget estimates, and interactives will paint a broader and more realistic picture of how Americans will benefit from proposed government initiatives.”  

The Budget Lab is hosting a launch event at the National Press Club on April 12 where the leadership team will share new research on budget scoring for TCJA and CTC. The event will include remarks by Shalanda Young, Director of the Office of Management and Budget and a panel discussion with Joshua Bolten, former Director of the Office of Management and Budget and White House Chief of Staff for President George W. Bush; Doug Holtz-Eakin, former Director of Congressional Budget Office and economic policy advisor to Sen. John McCain; and will be moderated by Greg Ip of The Wall Street Journal .   

Budget Lab Team

In addition to the Budget Lab co-founders, the team includes leading economists who have extensive experience in the public sector. 

Ernie Tedeschi, Director of Economics, was most recently the chief economist at the White House Council of Economic Advisors. Rich Prisinzano, is the Director of Policy Analysis, previously served at the Penn Wharton Budget Model and for over a decade as an economist in the Office of Tax Analysis in the U.S. Department of Treasury. John Ricco, Associate Director of Policy Analysis, is an economic researcher with a decade of experience building microsimulation models to inform public policy debates and was formerly with the Penn Wharton Budget Model and also a research analyst at the International Monetary Fund. Harris Eppsteiner, Associate Director of Policy Analysis, was a Special Assistant to the Chairman and research economist at the White House Council on Economic Advisors. 

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Former mayoral challenger Liam Brennan contracted by city to reimagine Livable City Initiative

Brennan will begin work as a consultant for LCI in late April, advising the department’s restructuring.

Staff Reporters

Courtesy of Liam Brennan

New Haven has hired Liam Brennan LAW ’07, Hartford’s inspector general and a former New Haven mayoral candidate , as a consultant to rethink the city’s embattled Livable City Initiative. The hiring has not been announced by the city. 

Brennan will start his work as a contracted consultant in late April after stepping down from his position in Hartford. According to New Haven Mayor Justin Elicker, Brennan will work on strengthening LCI’s operations, services and engagement with tenants and landlords.

LCI has come under fire in recent years for failing to adequately address tenant complaints, primarily due to an understaffed team.

Earlier this year, Elicker submitted a budget proposal to expand LCI’s staff and funding. If approved, the proposal will add eight new staff positions and create a new Office of Housing and Community Development that focuses on creating new housing throughout the city.

“LCI has taken a lot of really good steps in recent years to improve the work that they are doing,” Elicker told the News. “We’re looking at ways to improve their work further. Part of that is the budget proposal as submitted to the alders … and part of this is bringing on some outside thought partners to assist as well.”

Brennan told the News that Elicker called him at the end of last year to discuss housing issues in the city and invited him to apply for the contract. Brennan said he felt that the mayor was committed to investing in LCI, and when the city opened bids for the consultant contract, he applied. 

According to Elicker, Brennan was the only applicant for the contract but the mayor underscored that he “brings a lot to the table.” 

After spending 10 years working in the Department of Justice, Brennan joined the New Haven Legal Assistance Association, where he worked in the newly created Community and Economic Development unit for one year. During this time, Brennan spoke to many residents who raised complaints about the quality and affordability of the city’s housing stock.

“Those sentiments map onto the data that’s out there about how many people are rent-burdened in New Haven … There was this confluence of … the high-level data and anecdotal experience of people I was interacting with,” Brennan said. 

Roughly half of households in New Haven are cost-burdened, meaning that over 30 percent of their gross income goes towards housing costs. This is among the highest rates of cost-burdened households of any municipality in the state.

These perspectives led Brennan to center his mayoral campaign on the housing crisis in the city. 

Before moving to his job in Hartford mayor’s office as an inspector general, Brennan also served as an executive director of the Connecticut Veterans Legal Center, where a third of legal cases concerned housing, he said.

In the Democratic mayoral primary last September, Brennan lost to Elicker by more than a 2-to-1 margin. 

“We’ve always had a good relationship despite the fact that we had a competition last year,” Brennan said of Elicker. 

Under the contract, Brennan will be paid at the rate of $100 an hour, with a maximum monthly compensation of $15,000, according to Lenny Speiller, the city director of communications. Over the course of six months, the maximum compensation will be $75,000. 

Brennan commended Elicker’s proposal to add staff members to LCI, including new inspectors and an attorney. He emphasized that the department should explore legal mechanisms to enforce housing codes.  

Staff changes to LCI may also impact different entities within the city.

Laura Brown, the executive director of the City Plan Department, noted that the city’s Board of Zoning Appeals works alongside on housing and enforcement issues.

“Our staff work closely together,” Brown said.

During the project, Brennan will work with city housing employees and research experiences in other municipalities to recommend structural changes to LCI. He said that his advocacy experiences will inform his work for the city, but he will “keep an open mind.”

Brennan said he expects to finish the work by October. He shared that he does not have any plans after his contract with the city ends but will continue to stay engaged with New Haven. 

“New Haven is my home, and I love the city, and the chance to do this here and work with the people who are living in community is really, really exciting,” Brennan said.

The next fiscal year starts on July 1.