research for img in usa

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The Best Research Opportunities For IMGs

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Medical students, notably IMGs on the USMLE path, have plenty of research opportunities. These internships enrich classroom learning by fostering critical thinking and clinical judgment while offering a shot at contributing to science, but they also create important networking opportunities that can be valuable for residency matching. 

We previously discussed various research opportunities available for IMGs . However, it is crucial to choose a program that aligns with long-term goals, as options range from basic lab sciences to analyzing patient data and studying disease trends over time.

Summer internship programs explicitly designed for IMGs are available even at highly respected institutions like Harvard University’s Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program.

Benefits of Participating in research while studying medicine

Partaking in medical research can greatly benefit a student’s study period – it deepens disease understanding and forms professional skills. Additionally, it sharpens analytical abilities, enabling students to comprehend complex science literature and diagnose challenging cases. 

It also offers an advantage in residency selection as programs highly value such experiences, thus broadening career paths. Moreover, it provides opportunities for global networking with professionals, potentially leading to future project collaborations and medical guidance.

Types of Research Available To Medical Students and IMGs

Each type of research offers distinct advantages and challenges that greatly enhance patient care and deepen our understanding of diseases. Here are a few types of research you can engage in.

Conducting clinical trial studies at universities/research labs

Conducting clinical trial studies at universities and research labs is a significant component of advancing medical knowledge. These institutions provide crucial environments for conducting rigorous, systematic investigations into novel interventions or therapies. 

Clinical trials are inherently multi-disciplinary, requiring diverse teams of clinicians, biostatisticians, and pharmacologists to collaborate to develop new disease treatments. Participants in these university-based trials often gain first-hand exposure to cutting-edge technologies and methodologies while contributing directly to advancing patient care procedures. Thus enriching students’ education and providing invaluable expertise in shaping an individual’s professional trajectory within medicine or scientific research domains.

Publishing Scientific Papers in Peer-reviewed journals

Publishing scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals is a critical aspect of medical academia that validates and disseminates your research findings. The process involves rigorous scrutiny by independent experts to ensure accuracy, credibility, and contribution to the existing knowledge base. It commands depth of understanding, meticulous application of research methodology, and clear articulation of conclusions drawn from data analysis. 

Achieving this milestone not only adds prestige to one’s professional portfolio but also significantly influences future investigations in the respective discipline while promoting collaborative opportunities for researchers globally – thereby fostering collective advancements within healthcare sciences.

Participating as a co-author or assistant author on existing projects

Participating in existing projects is an excellent starting point for IMGs and students in the field of research. This engagement offers an opportunity to understand the processes and methodologies used in clinical or experimental settings. It equips students with the necessary skills required for academic writing, including data interpretation, manuscript drafting, editing, and literature review. 

Additionally, this role fosters professional networking and enhances interpersonal competencies which are highly valuable during the residency match process. Furthermore, being credited as a co-author substantiates your contribution to the scientific community while significantly amplifying one’s research profile – ensuring higher visibility within the medical fraternity.

Carrying out independent surveys & qualitative research methods

Conducting independent surveys and utilizing qualitative research can optimize data collection by allowing researchers to gain detailed insights into specific topics. This approach enables one to understand human behavior, perceptions, attitudes, or experiences that are often missed out in quantitative studies. Independent surveys offer flexibility; they can be tailored towards a certain demographic group or topic of interest and deployed through various channels like online platforms or face-to-face interactions.

Shadowing experienced researchers within the field

It is an exceptional opportunity that provides aspiring medical professionals with direct insight into a research-oriented career. Shadowing allows one to observe first-hand how hypotheses are formulated, experiments designed, data interpreted, and results communicated effectively within the scientific community. 

Besides exposing participants to various methodologies and ethical considerations associated with research practices, this immersive learning experience enhances the technical skills in executing rigorous studies while fostering the critical thinking aptitude required for innovative problem-solving strategies. Additionally, it fosters relationships with experts, which can result in potential mentorships or collaborations – facilitating both professional development and academic growth.

Gaining experience through summer internships and fellowships programs

Gaining experience through summer internships and fellowship programs can be a transformative stepping stone for IMGs. These short-term experiences provide immersive exposure to various medical specialties, offering hands-on clinical training under the guidance of experienced mentors. IMGs have the chance to improve their technical skills and gain insight into advanced patient care in a variety of healthcare settings. The experience adds value to a candidate’s CV and helps them stand out during a residency match.

Common Challenges Faced by IMG When Pursuing Research Experiences

Pursuing research opportunities can be a complex journey for IMGs. They frequently encounter language and cultural barriers, significantly hindering their communication skills and adaptation to a new environment. Adjusting to unfamiliar dialects, especially scientific terminologies, and absorbing foreign customs often leaves them walking on shaky ground.

Finding professional contacts who could potentially guide them through these knotty issues is equally challenging due to geographical restraints and the lack of an established network. Compounding these challenges are financial limitations that emerge from expensive relocation or course fees despite available scholarships. These obstacles require resilience but become stepping stones toward success in their chosen field.

The landscape of research opportunities available to IMGs is vast. These extend from core laboratory-based scientific explorations to large-scale clinical trials or public health-related epidemiological studies. Programs specifically designed for such groups, like Harvard University’s Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, add immense value by providing a comprehensive learning experience under expert mentorship.

To make the most of these experiences, IMGs must choose projects that resonate with their career interests.

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Research Electives

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Research electives are programs that IMGs can enter into, but you should remember that these are very rarely hands on, and not considered to be a clinical experience. Research electives are a great way for an IMG to undertake academic, publishing, and/or authorship credit. These offer a student to gain a LOR, and in combination with a USCE can be extremely beneficial to a medical student’s CV/resume.

Find a research position

Where do I find research position?

Finding a research position is not an easy task within US. You have to try hard enough to find a research position, so be patient. If you know someone currently working on a research project, offer him/her voluntary service and help. If they are pleased with your dedication and hard work, they may offer you a position in no time. But don’t be hopeless if you don’t have any connections, look up for the institutions known for conducting research projects, especially the subjects you are interested in. We will provide some organizations list on the later part of this article. Dig deep into the institutions’ websites and find out email addresses of the professors and researchers. Their title might be like as – clinical researcher, or clinical research coordinator, post-graduate research fellow, research associate, etc. After you have obtained the email addresses, start emailing them. Introduce yourself, write about yourself, your educational background, subject areas of research you are interested in (carefully look onto the subjects they are currently doing research work). Don’t forget to also write about your goal, how you will manage your living cost like accommodation, food if the position is voluntary. You might have to send hundreds of email before getting any reply. You can have a sample letter or email; you can write from the following link-  http://research-opportunities.blogspot.com/p/sample-letter-for-research.html . Once you get a reply, you are set. They may want to take an interview of yours; so decide whether or not it’s worth traveling. Only if the position is as like you are looking for and also you have the time and you can manage the expenses, take it, because another opportunity might not arise. But if you are not interested and think you can’t manage everything, then let them know.

Remember there are two types of research work-

• Lab research
• Clinical research

We will prefer clinical research. In lab research you have to be sitting on the lab and work all day long; thus you will not get chance to meet people who can help you to get residency. Although sometime you can convince your supervisor to give you some time to get into some interviews but in clinical research, you will get chance to interact with clinical life and doctors working on residency program more often.

As we said previously, now we are going to provide a list of organization and website from where you may get some opportunity for research work. You can also get some stipend or get a position of paid research. This is an updated list of places and websites to get some stipend or get a position of paid research. USMLE scores or ECFMG certificates may not be required and many of these institutions may also not be sponsoring your visa.

• Harvard faculty of medicine: The Harvard faculty of medicine conducts many research projects around Boston. There are total six academic basic science departments, which are the heart of Harvard Medical School. Harvard medical School appoints many faculties to their 17 affiliated institutions. Total 50 departments of Harvard conduct huge amount of basic and clinical research.
• University of Pittsburgh/ Department of Medicine: Almost all division of the department of Medicine conduct research work and research opportunities are available on- Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, General Internal Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Infectious Diseases, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology.

Some websites to search for opportunities:

https://projectreporter.nih.gov/reporter.cfm

http://nrc58.nas.edu/RAPLab10/Opportunity/Search.aspx

http://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/

http://postdocs.stanford.edu/prospects/prospects_positions.html

http://info.med.yale.edu/therarad/index.html

http://www.bms.com/careers/job_opportunities/Pages/default.aspx

https://mountsinaicss.igreentree.com/css_external/CSSPage_SearchAndBrowseJobs.asp

http://www.hospitaljobsonline.com/

http://www.hss.edu/employment-opportunities.asp

http://postdocs.columbia.edu/openpositions.html

http://www.arma-cert.org/

http://www.lerner.ccf.org/jobs/

http://jobcircle.com/index.html

http://www.hhmi.org/

http://www.ismrm.org/jobs/

http://www.rfcuny.org/hr/pvn/cgi-bin/show_jobs.asp?category=Research

http://hr.hunter.cuny.edu/jobs/index.html

http://nyp.org/careers/

https://prod.fadvhms.com/bidmc/JobBoard/SearchJobs.aspx?

http://careers.rsna.org/Template.cfm?Section=Look_For_Jobs

http://www.craigslist.org/about/sites

http://careers.naspa.com/c/search.cfm?site_id=190

http://www.simplyhired.com/

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USMLE STEP PREP resource for IMGS

How to unlock research opportunities as an international Medical Graduate

Research experience and publications are important for keeping international medical graduates worldwide up-to-date and helping them give the best care possible. 

During the USMLE journey, IMGs are confronted with the question of their research and publishing experience. 

As the residency match gets more competitive each year, research experiences and published work can considerably boost one’s residency application. 

However, many IMGs are unfamiliar with the processes of conducting research and getting a paper published. 

There are, of course, numerous paths to doing research and getting published, including applying for research positions in the US.  

However, as it’s only an option for some IMGs, I’d like to share alternative research and publication methods. 

Interested? 

Let’s dive in!

Research experience VS individual research

First, it’s crucial to distinguish between research and publication. 

What I mean by that is, only some research results in publication and only some publications count as the result of research experience on a resume. 

So, what is the difference, and why does it count? 

Research experience:

Research experience is any professional or academic research done while working for an institution. 

In other words, it implies that you hold or were holding a position in an establishment. 

Besides potentially publishing the results of your work, research experience has many advantages, including the following:  

• You’ll benefit from the guidance and experience of mentors and fellows, which is especially helpful if you have no experience with research and publishing.
• Positive impact on a resume and ERAS application, regardless of whether or not the research resulted in publication.
• Opportunities to make connections.

Depending on whether it’s funded research or unfunded research, the flip sides of both research experiences are that: 

• Unfunded research proposes only unpaid positions. Therefore, you’ll have to sustain yourself financially throughout the research experience.
• Funded research offers paid positions. However, there are fewer positions for a large pool of applicants, and it usually requires applicants to have previous research experience and a solid resume to be considered.

What are the remaining options for IMGs who cannot sustain themselves financially to apply for unfunded research and do not have enough research experience to apply for funded research?

One answer to this question is – Individual Research!

Individual research:

So, what do we mean by individual research? 

Individual research can be conducted without working with an institution and results in the publication of an article.

Individual research won’t be considered as research experience; however, it’s a good compromise for IMGs and an excellent opportunity to acquire the skills to conduct research and get more familiar with the process of getting published. 

So, what are the key elements of conducting individual research? 

Which study type best fits individual research?

As you won’t hold a position in an institution, you won’t have access to a laboratory or direct access to patients to conduct the study. 

Therefore, the most straightforward way to run individual research is to work on existing data, which results in either conducting a Systematic Review or a Meta-Analysis.

The systematic review:

A systematic review involves the collecting, critical assessment, and synthesis of previous research on a particular topic.

The meta-analysis:

A meta-analysis is a systematic scientific approach that, using a repeatable process, combines the findings of numerous independent investigations on a specific issue. It’s a statistical synthesis of the research that was a part of a systematic review. By analyzing many cases and reaching a general conclusion, meta-analysis enables a more accurate interpretation of the data.

Here are some links that will guide you in the process of conducting a meta-analysis or a systematic review: 

• A Meta-Analytic Methodology Guide from frontiersin.org
• A very interesting article on how to run a systematic review from ncbi  

From topic selection to publication

Once you have decided which type of study you want to conduct, it’s time to start taking concrete actions. 

So, where do you start?

Select a subject

This step is crucial and shouldn’t be taken lightly. 

Taking the time to select the appropriate topic is vital. You don’t want to invest time and effort into something only to realize halfway through that your chosen topic is irrelevant and unfeasible. 

So, what is a good subject? 

Ideally, the topic you decide to investigate should revolve around an interest of yours. For example, if you are interested in dermatology, look for a subject in that field. 

Also, writing articles in the field you want to work in will help your application significantly. 

Once you have defined the field you want to research, you’ll have to clarify the research question, which is, in my experience, the trickiest part! 

To determine the research question, you must first go through what’s already been done and what new questions the researchers have brought to light.

Reading the trending articles in Pubmed or highly-accessed journals can help you in this step and familiarize you with how research is conducted, how results are presented, how a paper is written, and so on.

Don’t hesitate to reach out to doctors or medical residents in your home country or elsewhere to ask about what subject they think is worth investigating. 

I recommend you use the PICO method to formulate a research question.

What are the steps to publish a paper?

Form a team:.

Although we’re talking about “individual”  research, publishing a paper is a result of collective work. 

As you determine the tasks that need to be accomplished to achieve the goals of your study, you can start reaching out to individuals who possess the necessary skills and establish clear roles and responsibilities for each team member, as well as a system for communication and collaboration.

With your team, you’ll have to complete the following steps: 

Conduct a literature review:

Conducting a literature review will allow you to highlight what’s already been established and documented, and confront the study you’re conducting with the previous one. 

Define the design of the study:

Your research design is like your house’s foundation: Essential. 

Study design refers to the methods used to collect and analyze the data and ultimately represent the quality of your work. 

Collect the data and do a statistical analysis:

The data correspond to the articles selected to be integrated into your systematic review and meta-analysis. 

Once you have collected all the data, you will have to do a statistical analysis of the results.

Although you can task a statistician to do the statistical analysis, I highly recommend you learn and do it yourself as you will acquire a new valuable skill and get a better ,broader perspective of the study you are conducting. 

You can find courses on Coursera or Udemy .

While writing, pay special attention to the following: 

• Vocabulary and grammatical errors

Do not hesitate to ask mentors or fellows to proofread your work, or use professional tools to assist your writing, such as Grammarly. 

But remember that it’s not enough to proofread with this kind of tool. It’s better to seek assistance from a professional proofreader who’s a native English speaker. Feel free to contact us as we work with several native writers.

Identify a journal

The final step of your publication journey is to identify a journal where you want your work to be published.

However, don’t be too quick to shout victory, as this step can be daunting. 

Once you’ve identified a list of potential journals, I recommend you read their specific guidelines to ensure your research fits within the journal’s scope before submitting your work. 

Keep in mind that some journals have a longer turnaround than others and that the process can take many months. With that in mind, choose a journal that aligns with your timeline for publication. 

How to make it to the next level

Besides maximizing your chances of getting matched with your dream specialty, getting published is a unique opportunity to learn, acquire new skills, and make new connections.  

As you define a study question worth investigating, use it as an opportunity to contact doctors who have conducted studies on a related topic and, if possible, suggest a collaboration. 

Email the institution you want to apply to with your project study, motivations, goals, and an attached resume. 

Again, this is not just about getting published to put it on ERAS, but rather a chance to start taking action and building a network.  

Besides good scores and US clinical experience, research and publications have become much more important in the matching process. 

Since getting a research position might not always be an accessible option for all IMGs, individual research represents an excellent compromise to get started in research and publishing. 

Selecting the appropriate subject and acquiring the necessary skills to publish your first piece of work is key in the USMLE journey. It will help you match 

with your dream specialty, and it also presents a unique opportunity to start reaching out to hospitals and making new connections. 

About The Author

Dr. Zineb Moustaatif

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A Basic Guide to Research for IMGs

By Sasmit Sarangi

Generally, the end of the US academic year is not the same as other countries, and IMGs often have several months between their graduation and the start of the application process. Many candidates now seek to utilize this time in research efforts.

Though it is incorrect to view research as essential, it can be a significant boost to your chances in certain specialties, at academic programs in particular, if you have complementary research experience.

Clinical research and laboratory research are the two broad areas that many IMGs pursue. Clinical research is often the first choice perhaps on account of the large number of available volunteer research positions. It is a great opportunity to develop relationships and mentorship from clinical faculty and display your work ethic. You have good prospects for quick publications/abstracts that can bolster your academic credentials. It is always valuable if you have some experience in clinical statistics as it can significantly reduce the learning curve.

6 differences between clinical research and laboratory research

• Laboratory research involves conducting experiments and studies in a controlled environment, such as a laboratory or a research facility. Clinical research, on the other hand, involves conducting studies and trials with human subjects in a real-world setting, such as a hospital or clinic.
• Laboratory research often involves using animal subjects or in vitro techniques to study biological processes and phenomena. Clinical research, on the other hand, involves studying the effects of a particular intervention or treatment on human subjects.
• Laboratory research is often focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms of a particular process or disease. Clinical research, on the other hand, is focused on evaluating the effectiveness and safety of a particular intervention or treatment for a specific medical condition.
• Laboratory research is typically conducted by researchers who are trained in a particular scientific discipline, such as biology, chemistry, or psychology. Clinical research is typically conducted by healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and pharmacists.
• Laboratory research is often more controlled than clinical research, as it is conducted in a controlled environment with strict protocols in place. Clinical research, on the other hand, is conducted in a real-world setting with many variables that can affect the outcome of the study.
• Laboratory research is often the first step in the scientific process, providing the foundation for further research and the development of new treatments and interventions. Clinical research, on the other hand, is focused on evaluating the effectiveness and safety of a particular intervention or treatment in a real-world setting.

I myself have spent a significant amount of time in lab research and I personally found it fascinating and fulfilling. At the same time, I have met quite a few people who found lab research very tedious. It is very important to understand that lab work is not at all well suited to quick publications and bolstering your CV in a few months.

If you have limited lab experience, like I did, then you will probably need several months, if not more, just to get trained in techniques. Any position that is less than 18 months in duration will (in all likelihood) not lead to many publications, especially in the short term. I feel that if you make an informed decision to go into lab research, you will definitely find it to be an enriching experience.

To sum up, I think research for IMGs can be helpful, but it can be detrimental as well in some cases. It is important to balance improving your research credentials with the amount of time that has elapsed from your time of graduation.

I felt during the residency application process that time from graduation is used by a lot of programs as a surrogate to judge a candidate’s ability to perform in a clinical setting. It is definitely important to avoid being viewed as the candidate whose clinical skills may not be adequate for a residency position.

It would be great to hear more about other people’s experiences in the comments below, and please feel free to put forward any questions that you may have about this issue.

3 thoughts on “A Basic Guide to Research for IMGs”

Actually I am living out of Usa , and I want to apply for clinical or laboratory research to improve my chances for residenship, What should be my first step to do that? and How could I have any contact with someone who is doing research?. Thanks for your answer

Thank you for your question. It would be best to first isolate an area of interest and look for open positions or send emails to a lab of interest. You can also look for voluntary positions to begin and transition to a paid position after adequate training. I would like to point out again that research may not improve your residency chances and sometimes a carefully planned elective may help you more.

Hi thank you very much for all the information, i’m about to graduate in Mexico and i want to aplicate for the USMLE, but i need to improve my english and my background, i am very confussed, i dont know where to start, can you help me with that please??

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How to Apply for Pre-Residency Fellowships as an IMG

Everything you need to know.

Want to know how to apply for pre-residency fellowships as an IMG? A pre-residency fellowship for international medical graduates can be a great first step in how to prep for your residency application and in your post-graduate medical career. For IMGs who want to practice in another country or apply for residencies abroad, a pre-residency fellowship can open more doors of opportunity for you. Applying for pre-residency fellowships are a long and involved process, but we’re here to help demystify it. In this blog, we’ll learn what pre-residency fellowships are, why they are a good choice for IMGs, how to apply, what you need for your application and how to improve your chances of getting accepted to a pre-residency fellowship abroad.

>> Want us to help you get accepted? Schedule a free strategy call here . <<

Article Contents 4 min read

What are pre-residency fellowships for imgs.

As an international medical graduate (IMG), if you’re planning to apply for a pre-residency fellowship, it’s important to understand what your obstacles are and how to overcome. But first you might be wondering, what exactly is a pre-residency fellowship and how can it help further my medical career?

A pre-residency fellowship, as the name implies, is a clinical training program or research fellowship medical graduates can apply for before they start their residency years. A pre-residency fellowship is usually a short-term program designed to provide rigorous clinical training or research experience in a given specialty or discipline. It’s essentially a work-study program for medical graduates. Typically, medical graduates will apply to a medical fellowship after their residency years, so for IMGs, applying for pre-residency fellowships can be the next step in the non-traditional route.

Applying to pre-residency fellowships can be how to get into residency programs as an IMG , it can help you get your foot in the door for a particular specialty or give you a competitive edge if you want to apply for residency programs in another country. A pre-residency fellowship can be a valuable experience to add to your residency CV , too.

So why apply for a fellowship before your residency? Residency programs, particularly in the US and Canada, can be especially competitive. Preference is given to domestic medical graduates and gaining a competitive advantage as an IMG can be difficult, especially in the more competitive residency programs. Applying for pre-residency fellowships can be a good option for US and Canadian citizens, too. If you are a US or Canadian citizen and you attended medical school abroad, you are still considered an international medical graduate and therefore you might be at a disadvantage when preparing for residency.

As an international medical graduate residency applicant, it’s a good idea to give yourself every advantage you can get. Applying for pre-residency fellowship programs can have several key benefits for IMGs:

A pre-residency fellowship can give you an excellent opportunity to explore other cultures, learn new languages and gain international experiences "}]" code="timeline1">

Now that you have your medical degree, figured out how to choose your medical specialty and decided that a pre-residency fellowship program is right for you, it’s time to find out how to apply and what you need to do.

Applying to pre-residency fellowships as an IMG requires several crucial steps. The process may also vary depending on the country you’re applying in, but the steps are relatively the same. For instance, work visa requirements and applications in the US, Canada or UK might look slightly different from each other.

Wherever you plan to apply, you’ll need to do a fair amount of research first. To start, research IMG-friendly residency programs and pre-residency fellowship programs in the country or region you plan to apply. Not all programs will accept international medical graduates, and eligibility requirements may vary from program to program. You’ll also need to check if the pre-residency fellowships are paid or not and if they fit your desired career path in medicine.

This is a general outline of the steps you’ll need to take as an IMG to apply for a pre-residency fellowship program in the US:

These are the very broad steps you’ll take as an IMG applying to a program in the US. We’ll look at some elements of the process to apply for a pre-residency fellowship in the US below.

Visa requirements will vary depending on the country you\u2019re applying to, but for IMGs applying to pre-residency fellowship programs in the US, the most common visas are the H1-B or Temporary Worker visa and the J-1 Exchange Visitor visa. It\u2019s important to note that these visas are temporary, and that once your pre-residency fellowship is over, you\u2019ll need to return to your home country before applying for a residency program in the US or elsewhere. If you decide to apply for a medical residency after you\u2019ve completed your pre-residency fellowship, you\u2019ll need to restart the visa application process.  ","label":"Visa requirements","title":"Visa requirements"}]" code="tab1" template="BlogArticle">

A pre-residency fellowship application is fortunately nearly identical to a medical residency or medical fellowship application and requires many of the same components. It’s still always a good idea to check the individual requirements for each fellowship you apply for, as they may ask for additional components.

For your pre-residency fellowship application, you’ll need to prepare a personal statement, letters of recommendation, exam scores, a resume or CV. All of these can come together to create a strong application and help you as an IMG get into the program of your choice. Below we’ll take a closer look at each component of your application.

For your pre-residency fellowship application, attach your medical resume or CV and include any clinical experience and research experience you have. These experiences will give your application a definite boost. Pre-residency fellowships will be much more likely to accept an IMG who can demonstrate strong clinical skills or research experience. If you have any experience with the health care system in the country you\u2019re applying to, be sure to highlight this. You can also include any English Language Proficiency Tests you\u2019ve completed. Programs will look more favourably on applicants who have fewer cultural or language barriers to overcome, and who are familiar with the health care system and challenges in their country. ","label":"Resume or CV","title":"Resume or CV"}]" code="tab2" template="BlogArticle">

Want some tips for writing a residency personal statement? Watch this video.

How to Improve Your Chances of Getting a Pre-Residency Fellowship

Now that you know how to apply for pre-residency fellowships as an IMG and the key components of your application package, how can you make your application the best it can be? Pre-residency fellowships can be very competitive, and as an IMG you need to work that little bit harder to get your foot in the door. But there are many things you can do to strengthen your app and broaden your knowledge so you’re prepared for not only the application but your future career as a doctor.

As an IMG, you\u2019ll likely be invited for an interview at any pre-residency fellowships you apply to. Accept any interview invitations that you receive and start preparing. Take a look at some medical fellowship interview questions and answers for an idea of what you can expect during an interview and tips for making a good impression. It\u2019s also good IMG residency interview prep for that next step! A pre-residency fellowship interview will look very similar to a residency interview, so it\u2019s not only good practice but it\u2019s your chance to reaffirm that you\u2019re an excellent choice for the program.  ","label":"Sharpen interview skills","title":"Sharpen interview skills"}]" code="tab3" template="BlogArticle">

A pre-residency fellowship is a short-term program designed to provide an international medical graduate with clinical experience or research publications. 

In the US and Canada, IMGs are considered any medical graduates who have graduated from a medical school outside the United States or Canada. Even if you are a US or Canadian citizen, but graduated medical school outside of the country, you are considered an IMG. If you are an international student who graduated from an American or Canadian medical school, you are NOT considered an IMG.

A pre-residency fellowship can be an excellent way for IMGs to gain additional clinical or research experience, and help them secure a medical residency in the future. 

To apply for a pre-residency fellowship you’ll need to become certified through the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates. You’ll also need to complete any required medical licensing examinations, secure the proper work visa and submit the required documents to pre-residency fellowship programs.

To improve your pre-residency fellowship application as an IMG, be sure to include any clinical or research experience you already have. You can also demonstrate a working knowledge of the American or Canadian health care systems, a proficiency of English and strong interview skills, all of which will help you secure a position in a program as an IMG.

Internal medicine and family medicine are considered the easiest residencies for an IMG to get into. These specialties have the highest acceptance rates for IMGs.

Yes; there are many pre-residency fellowship programs which accept IMGs in the US and Canada. You can find which ones accept IMGs by checking individual program requirements and eligibility.

Pre-residency fellowships, like residency programs, can be quite competitive and often give favour to domestic medical graduates over IMGs. However, there are some programs and specialties that are more friendly and less competitive for IMGs, such as internal medicine or pediatrics.

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ASHRAF AWAD

Hello, Can you help me with a list of programs that are offering the pre-residency fellowship and also help me with the application. I am ECFMG certified and also I am American citizen. Thank you

BeMo Academic Consulting

Hello Ashraf, thank you very much for your question. You can reach out to us for a free initial strategy call to discuss how we can help you. 

Swarada Yadav

What all options do i have as a IMG with ecfmg certification?

Hi Swarada! Thanks for your comment. Please read all the details in this blog . 

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• Give to IMP

Office of International Medicine Programs

Medical research fellowship program.

The  Medical Research Fellowship Program  (MRFP) at the George Washington University (GW) School of Medicine and Health Sciences (SMHS) provides international medical graduates with the opportunity to enhance their research and clinical skills, preparing them to be strong candidates when applying for U.S. residency programs in the United States. Since the MRFP launched in 2012,  86% of research fellows have successfully matched into U.S. residency positions after completion of the program.

We are now accepting applications for the next program that begins in May 2024! Please refer to the information below for more details.

The goals of the program include providing opportunities for research fellows to:

• Develop a rich and longstanding relationship with a GW faculty member
• Create a network of professional contacts for future support in international medicine
• Develop critical thinking, analytical, and practical inquiry skills utilizing the latest approaches in U.S. healthcare and medical research
• Build a foundation for utilizing evidence-based medicine
• Increase skills in critical appraisal, research design, and understanding of the entire medical research process
• Publish articles or abstracts in peer-reviewed journals and present research posters or papers at conferences
• Gain first-hand knowledge of the U.S. healthcare delivery and medical education system
• Develop personal and group leadership skills necessary for advancement in clinical practice and research
• Develop strategies for communicating clinical research and medical information in spoken and written English
• Gain broad public speaking and presentation experience and participate in at least one professional conference in field of interest

Research : Research fellows attend weekly critical appraisal sessions to increase their knowledge of research methods, analyze the latest in medical publications, and publish letters to the editor. Research fellows also participate in individual and group research projects alongside their faculty mentor aiming to present at a national conference and publish in a peer-reviewed journal.

Clinical observation : Research fellows actively and successfully participate as members of a clinical team. While direct, hands-on patient contact is not permitted, the research fellow engages with the team in all other clinical activities. 

One-on-one mentorship : Each research fellow is matched with a GW faculty mentor in their specialty of choice. Research fellows join the faculty mentor and are integrated into the clinical team, which includes faculty, residents, and students. The faculty mentor provides counseling and guidance through weekly meetings.

U.S. residency application preparation : Research fellows are supported by IMP staff and the Program Medical Director who provide residency preparation interviews and review of curriculum vitae and personal statements. Research fellows can obtain detailed and personalized letters of recommendation from GW faculty members when appropriate. 

Professional development : Research fellows attend regular clinical department grand rounds, conferences, and lectures with their team of faculty, residents, and students. Research fellows are key members of the team and fully participate in department activities. 

Application Process

Research fellows can participate in the program for a duration of 6 months or 12 months and the recommended start date is in May. Earlier or later start dates are also considered on a case-by-case basis. 

Applicants should submit the following required documents to the Office of International Medicine Programs (IMP) at  [email protected] :

• Headshot photograph
• Curriculum vitae 
• Personal statement (1 page)
• Medical school degree
• Medical school transcript
• Three letters of recommendation
• USMLE Step 1 and 2 score reports (if available)

Contact [email protected]  with any questions or to request additional information about the program fees.

The Otto Research Initiative

For IMGs, by IMGs.

Welcome to the Home Page!

Disseminating Research Methodology for Free.

A Non-Profit Initiative by 2 IMG Physicians.

What We Offer

Basic Research Methodology

We teach and mentor students on manuscript drafting, editing, reference management and steps of the publication process.

Hands-On Projects

We ensure every student we train walks away with at least 1 Peer Reviewed, PubMed Indexed publication.

Join a Global IMG Network

Gain real time research experience as you work as a team, with IMGs from across the world!

MEET YOUR MENTORS

Dr. Sharan Jhaveri

M.B.B.S (2022), Smt NHL Municipal Medical College, India.

>30+ Full Text Articles Published in Peer Reviewed PubMed Indexed Journals.

>20+ Oral/Poster Presentations at National and International Conferences. Wikidoc Research Scholar.

>Editorial Board Member of 3 Journals and Senior Content Reviewer for 5+ Journals, Mendeley Advisor.

>5+ Years of conducting Original Research, Meta-Analysis and Literature Reviews. Skilled in SPSS, RevMan and Excel. >Formally trained and certified in scientific writing, data analysis, data visualisation and study design.

Dr. Avanthika Chaithanya

Incoming Pediatric PGY1 at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (NYC Health and Hospitals: Elmhurst). M.B.B.S (2021), Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, India. ECFMG Certified Physician.

>Semi Finalist of the American Medical Association (AMA) Research Challenge. WikiDoc Research Scholar. Awarded Cureus Laureate honors.

>Editorial Board Member of 10 Journals and Member of the Expert Review Panel for 10+ Journals, Mendeley Advisor.

> Worked as a Remote Research Trainee for 8 months, conducted hypothesis testing, data collection & interpretation, excelled in manuscript drafting.

>Founder of “The Safe Space for Children”, a free online supportline for children and adolescents.

A Quick Overview of why you should join The Otto Research Initiative today !

• No hidden charges . Complete transparency assured.
• 1:1 training with experienced mentors.
• Exclusive groups of 6-8 mentees per project.
• An opportunity to be the lead author, and co-author multiple PubMed Indexed publications .
• Remote research opportunity- Join in from anywhere across the globe and gain real time research experience!
• Network with other IMGs on your journey to residency.
• Round the clock support and guidance provided throughout.

Know us better

The Otto Research Initiative in numbers

Updated Monthly!

Mentees trained

Expert Mentors

PubMed Indexed Publications and counting!

satisfaction from our Mentees!

Here’s what people have to say about Otto Hear from The Otto Research Initiative Mentees themselves!

“My gosh! I can’t even begin to thank Avanthika and Sharan for this wonderful experience. Over these past few years, I’ve asked a lot of my friends and colleagues to guide me on how to go about research but none of them have been even half as helpful as both of them have! I’m walking away with MUCH MUCH more than just a publication. The experience I had here is going to stay with me for a lifetime. Lots of love, luck and blessings to these amazing two people! ❤️❤️ “

Gauri Pikale

GMC Kohlapur, India

“Both Dr. Avanthika Chaithanya and Dr. Sharan Jhaveri were very hands on from the very start of this journey. They were reliable, efficient, and were always available to answer any questions or concerns that we had. The whole experience that I had with The Otto Research Initiative went so smoothly and stress-free. Thank you The Otto Research Initiative for the amazing experience that you have shared with me! I recommend them .”

Victoria Tarnate

Graduate, United States of America

“I was interested in research for a long time but never had a proper idea on how to go about it. Luckily I came across THE OTTO RESEARCH INITIATIVE by Dr Sharan Jhaveri and Dr Avanthika Chaithanya. They did an amazing job teaching us the basics of writing an article and submitting and publishing it in a short amount of time. They were there to solve any doubts we had in the process till the very end. Looking forward to publishing many more articles with them. Thank you for taking up this initiative and offering it without charging anything in a world where many agencies are charging a bomb to teach this. Highly recommend! “

Bhaswanth B

Narayana Medical College, India

“My experience with the Otto Research Initiative was very informative. I never had experience writing a research paper before and was thrilled to find out that they were able to help along each step of the way. They told us what to expect from the beginning and were honest with us, everything turned out according to our expectations. I learned so much from them and my group’s paper got published too. It was a great experience working with them and would recommend them to anyone looking to start with research. Thank you guys.”

John Iskander

American University of Antigua

“The Otto Research Initiative has been excellent in providing a great source for medical students with limited knowledge on research. I am glad that I stumbled upon this initiative and it has been a smooth sail throughout. They’ve turned what was a daunting task (i.e publishing and research methodology) seem so simple when done in a systematic way. Avanthika & Sharan were very helpful and guided us in every step. We appreciate their dedication towards this initiative. Thank you guys for this wonderful course. Looking forward to more. “

Bhuvana Rasagna Potini

Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, India

“The Otto Research Initiative has helped me a lot to continue doing research, Dr. Sharan and Dr. Avanthika helped me a lot in practicing my writing and detecting plagiarism and language errors. They both were very patient with me and our team, always organizing us, answering our questions, and maintaining control. I’m very proud to be a part of the Otto Research Initiative, can’t wait to do more research with them. I will recommend everyone to work with them, you won’t regret it!”

Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico

Why are we doing this?

As IMGs, we understand the hardships that most of us face in this journey towards residency. We have noticed that most of us are caught in a trap of not having enough research on our CV, and unfairly pay hundreds of dollars for last-minute publications. Having seen these nuances occurring repeatedly, we have taken up the mantle ourselves to help out our fellow IMGs to get a head start on being published authors.

How will this help me?

With Step 1 going pass/fail, there is going to be more emphasis on other parts of your CV in future application cycles. A major chunk of your ERAS CV is dedicated to research, and publications in PubMed Indexed journals will not only add immense value but will also give you something to talk about during your interviews. This will also help you to take your first steps as a clinical researcher, and do more for the scientific community!

How much will it cost me?

As we have mentioned before, this is completely free ! The only costs in this entire journey will be the unavoidable article processing charges (APC)/ editing fee (only if applicable) as cited by journals themselves after submission, which will be borne by our mentees as per authorship order. We promise 100 % transparency and no hidden charges!

Want to join The Otto Research Initiative?

Please note : We have received an overwhelming number of applications and we are reaching out to everyone based on our new acceptance policy. Please read about our new acceptance policy under the “Projects & News” menu.

The current wait time for Internal Medicine teams is 11-12 months & for Pediatrics and Neurology teams – 10 months . We will reach out to you in a couple of weeks/months, depending on your form answers and further screening.

Get Otto updates delivered to your inbox!

Subscribe to our mailing list below, for more updates on our projects, new batch launches and collaborations!

Email Address

Three teams of Otto have been published in the July issue of Disease A Month!

Episode 4 of the otter side of research is now streaming, otto x hou summit (research competition awards).

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Graduate Medical Education Office

Medical School

• New Applicants
• Orientation
• Institutional Policies
• Occupational Health, Safety, & Immunization Requirements
• Program Policy Manuals
• Administrative Tasks
• Education & Development
• Financial Resources
• Training Programs
• Clinical Experience & Education Hour Resources
• Worker's Compensation and Occupational Health Claims
• International Medical Graduates
• Observers & Visiting Trainees
• Resident and Fellow Support Resources

The University of Minnesota welcomes International Medical Graduates (IMGs) to GME residencies and fellowships. On this webpage you will find information on IMG Eligibility, IMG Support & University of MN Social Group, ECFMG Certification, J-1 | J-2 Eligibility, J-1 | J-2 Application Process, J-1 | J-2 Application Timeline, J-1 | J-2 International Travel Requirements, & H1-B Visas.

International Medical Graduate (IMG) Definition

An International Medical Graduate (IMG) is a physician who received their basic medical degree or qualification from a medical school located outside the United States and Canada. The location of the medical school, not the citizenship of the physician, determines whether the graduate is an IMG. This means that U.S. citizens who graduated from medical schools outside the United States and Canada are considered IMGs.

IMG Eligibility & ECFMG Certification

+ eligibility.

Per the  Eligibility and Selection of Residents/Fellows Policy , to qualify for a residency/fellowship at the University of Minnesota, International Medical Graduates (IMGs) must meet all criteria found in the policy and provide documentation of one of the following:

• A  currently valid certificate from the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) ,  or
• An unrestricted license to practice medicine in a U.S. state,  or
• Successful completion of a Fifth Pathway Program in an LCME-accredited medical school in the United States.

+ ECFMG Certification

Any incoming resident or fellow who is an international medical graduate (img) must be ecfmg certified prior to beginning in their training program, per the institution policy on eligibility and selection of residents/fellows ..

IMGs MUST have their ECFMG Certificate before beginning work in a residency or fellowship program.  Medical students who are concerned about timing should work with their medical schools to request timely verification.  Some medical students have requested and been granted early diplomas by their medical schools, which helps expedite the process.

For more information about ECFMG Certification view the ECFMG Certification Webpage

Canadian & Puerto Rican Graduates

Graduates of medical schools in the United States (including Puerto Rico) and Canada are not considered IMGs and therefore are not required to obtain ECFMG Certification.  An ECFMG Identification Number is issued to graduates of Canadian medical schools only for purposes of Exchange Visitor Sponsorship (J-1 visa).

Visas (J-1 Alien Physician | H1-B Employment Visa)

+ j-1 visa application process | application timeframes.

J-1 Application Process

The University of Minnesota's ECFMG Training Program Liaisons (TPLs) will guide you through the J-1 visa application process via email and a detailed checklist.

Your J-1 application process starts when your program notifies the UMN TPL that you will be joining or continuing in the program for the coming academic year.  After the program has confirmed you, the application process proceeds through these steps:

• The TPL will contact you (via email from [email protected] ) with instructions and a link to the appropriate application checklist. More information on checklist material can be found on the ECFMG website.
• The applicant will collect the documents and information outlined in the checklist and submit them to the TPL (via email to [email protected] ).
• Once ALL application documents are received, the TPL will initiate your online application in ECFMG's EVNet system, upload the supporting documents, and notify you by email of your next steps.  Read more about ECFMG's online application system here .
• The applicant will log into their OASIS account to review their online application.  The applicant will complete all remaining required information and pay the administrative/application fee.  The application cannot proceed until the applicant complete their online portion in OASIS.
• ECFMG will review the application, working through the TPL to address any questions or gather any additional documents needed from the applicant.
• Once ECFMG has approved the application, they will create a DS-2019 and mail it directly to the TPL.
• The TPL will notify the applicant via email that the DS-2019 has arrived and outline your next steps to receive it.  

J-1 Application Timeframes

The earliest ECFMG can issue your DS-2019 is six months prior to your start date.  In October, the TPL will email all continuing and known new UMN J-1 trainees to share application instructions (see Step 1 above).  New residents matching via the national Match Day in March will receive their instructions via email during the first week in April.

If you have a J-2 spouse dependent who is working, it is very important that you submit your J-1 and J-2 dependent application to the TPL as soon as possible.  Please note that for those J-2 dependents who need an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) card, the renewal process for the EAD card is lengthy and can take up to 6 months.

Average J-1 application processing times

Standard applications (for ACGME-accredited programs):

• 4-6 weeks (during the busy season--March, April, May, June, July)
• 2-4 weeks (during the non-busy season)

Non-standard applications (for non-accredited programs and any applications requiring Department of State review):

• 6+ weeks (during the busy season--March, April, May, June, July)
• 4-6 weeks (during the non-busy season)

Please submit your application materials early to avoid processing delays!

+ J-1 | J-2 International Travel & Travel Validation on DS-2019

ECFMG strongly discourages international travel unless absolutely necessary.

World events of the last few years have introduced changes that have a direct effect on international travel for foreign nationals. Security and background checks, along with other security-based initiatives have, in some cases, caused delays in visa issuance at U.S. consulates. These delays have in turn compromised physicians’ return to the United States in a timely fashion. 

If travel is absolutely necessary, it is important that, prior to any departure from the United States, ECFMG-sponsored physicians are aware of the documents they and their dependents must have in order to reenter the United States in J-1 or J-2 status.

The following sections provide basic information on some of the more popular travel-related questions asked by J-1 holders and program coordinators. 

View more detailed information on international travel on the ECFMC website . The preparation for International Travel dropdown will outline all of the appropriate documents you will need to be readmitted in the US in J-1 status.

Canadian Citizens 

Canadian citizens do not require a J-1 visa stamp in their passport. It is easy for customs to assume that you are traveling to the US as a visitor. If you travel to Canada from Minnesota over the border, or at the airport, ensure that your I-94 states J-1 status and not a visitor status. J-1 status allows the University of Minnesota to employ and pay you.

• It is good practice to check your status every time you return from Canada on the I-94 website.
• USCIS Boarder Control Contact Center 

Travel Validation on DS-2019 Form

Ensure that the travel signature and date on your Form DS-2019 on the bottom right hand corner is valid. The date is good for one year once signed by the Responsible Officer at ECFMG (Ex. Signed 5/24/2023- Good until 5/23/2024).

If your travel date has expired or will expire when you are abroad, you must request a duplicate DS-2019 form. Please allow 30 days for this request to be processed.

• Fill out the Request for Duplicate DS-2019
• Send the filled out form to the TPL at [email protected]
• The TPL will sign and upload the document to your OASIS Appointment Profile for ECFMG review
• Once reviewed ECFMG will send the DS-2019 form with travel validation signature to the TPL
• The TPL will notify you once it arrives and where to pick it up

+ J-1 Eligibility

The J-1 alien physician visa is sponsored by the Education Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) and is the preferred visa of University of Minnesota Medical School residencies and fellowships. 

Please check the program manual of the program you are interested in to verify if J-1 visa sponsorship is allowed in your program. 

Eligibility

International Medical Graduates (IMGs) and non-IMGs (i.e. graduates of LCME-Accredited U.S. or Canadian Medical Schools) who require visa sponsorship may be eligible for J-1 visa sponsorship.  For more information, please see the UMN-GME Institution Visa Sponsorship Policy and the UME GME Eligiblity and Selection Policy.

Note: All IMG J-1 Applicants must be ECFMG-certified before applying for J-1 visa sponsorship.

+ H1-B Employment Visa

The J-1 alien physician visa is the preferred visa of University of Minnesota Medical School residencies and fellowships.  As an institution, the University of Minnesota also allows for residents and fellows to be sponsored on H-1B visas.  However, each program determines whether H-1B visas are appropriate for their program.

When interviewing, applicants should use the GME Visa Sponsorship - Applicant Information form as part of their conversation with the program regarding visa sponsorship needs.  Not all programs offer H-1B visas, so it is important to discuss your visa needs openly and early so you and the program can plan appropriately.

Review our Visa Sponsorship Policy for further information about H-1B requirements.

IMG Social Group | Resources

The IMG Social Group is made of IMGs (international medical graduates) residents/fellows/medical students/residency applicants who want to support IMG healthcare professionals orient themselves in the new US environment and integrate them in their new role at the University of Minnesota (UofM).

• The IMG Social Group provides content for the IMG Resource Google Site. Questions you may have on how to connect with the group via Whatsapp, DEI initiatives in your program, J-1 specific information, travel information, moving to Minnesota, all can be found on this site.
• Template for Rounding - This template was created by a UMN IMG trainee and offered for use by other IMGs: "Could help organize your thoughts and can guide you about what you should know about the patient."

+ Information and Resources

• Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) Certification Requirements
• The IMG Social Group provides content for the IMG Resource Google Site.
• Join the IMG Social Group Whatsapp Chat
• ECFMG Resources 
• Pre-Arrival Information for J-1 resident and fellows

International Medical Graduate (IMG) Orientation

Each summer the GME office holds a special IMG Orientation Session for all incoming residents and fellows who are IMGs, new to the University of Minnesota, and also new to the US Medical System. 

University of Minnesota IMG Social Group

• The IMG Social Group provides content for the IMG Resource Google Site.   Questions you may have on how to connect with the group, DEI intiatives in your program, J-1 specific information, travel information, moving to Minnesota, all can be found on this site.

Template for Rounding  - This template was created by a UMN IMG trainee and offered for use by other IMGs: "Maybe it will help them to organize their thoughts and will also guide them about what they should know about the patient."

International Student and Scholar Services (ISSS)

The  ISSS website  contains a wealth of information to support international students throughout their time at the University, including:

• English Language Opportunities at the University of Minnesota
• Identification Documents

+ Related links

• ECFMG Website   
• U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services  
• University of Minnesota International Student & Scholar Services  
• U.S. Department of Homeland Security website  
• U.S. Department of State website  
• U.S. Department of State J-1 Visa Exchange Visitor Program website

Institutional Policies Regarding IMGs

• ECFMG/J1 Visa Holders: Documentation Requirements for FMLA
• Institution International Medical Graduates Policy
• Institution Visa Sponsorship Policy  

Education & Training

• Incoming Residents & Fellows
• Current Residents & Fellows

J-1 Visa questions:   Contact Christy Illig via email at [email protected]

Orientation session for IMGs (International Medical Graduates) questions:   Contact Christy Illig at [email protected]

Application questions: Contact the  individual program  to which you plan to apply for information about eligibility and their application process.

The Neuroscience Of: Emotional Regulation, Relationships, Body Image, And Intuition | Emma Seppäl‪ä‬ Ten Percent Happier with Dan Harris

• Mental Health

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This episode comes out for free on May 8th, and is available early and ad-free for Wondery+ subscribers. A research-backed plan for getting your sh*t together in every possible sphere. We’re going to talk about some smart strategies today with Emma Seppälä, Ph.D. She is a psychologist and research scientist, with an expertise in the science of happiness, emotional intelligence, and social connection. She is the Science Director of Stanford University’s Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education and she also teaches executives at the Yale School of Management. She’s been on this show before, to discuss her best-selling book The Happiness Track. And today she’s back to discuss her new book, Sovereign: Reclaim Your Freedom, Energy, and Power in a Time of Distraction, Uncertainty, and Chaos. In this episode we talk about: - What she means by that term, sovereign - The neuroscience of emotion regulation - The science of intuition – and how to work with it when you’re a critical thinker - How our past can unconsciously bind us - The impact of trauma - The latest evidence for the benefits of meditation - And how to cultivate what scientists call Positive Relational Energy Related Episodes: Three Lessons from a Happiness Researcher | Emma Seppälä The Scientific Case for Self-Compassion | Chris Germer Can You Really Trust Your Gut? | Amber Tamblyn Sign up for Dan’s weekly newsletter here Follow Dan on social: Instagram, TikTok Ten Percent Happier online bookstore Subscribe to our YouTube Channel Our favorite playlists on: Anxiety, Sleep, Relationships, Most Popular Episodes Full Shownotes: https://www.tenpercent.com/tph/podcast-episode/emma-seppala-764 Additional Resources: Download the Ten Percent Happier app today: https://10percenthappier.app.link/install Sign up on wonderyplus.com/applepodcasts and stay up-to-date on the latest new podcasts and more from Wondery.

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Four state-of-the-art AI search engines for histopathology images may not be ready for clinical use

by University of California, Los Angeles

Four proposed state-of-the art image search engines for automating search and retrieval of digital histopathology slides were found to be of inadequate performance for routine clinical care, new research suggests.

The performance of the artificial intelligence algorithms to power the histopathology image databases was worse than expected, with some having less than 50% accuracy, which is not suitable for clinical practice , said Dr. Helen Shang, a third-year internal medicine resident and incoming hematology-oncology fellow at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.

"Currently, there are many AI algorithms being developed for medical tasks but there are fewer efforts directed on rigorous, external validations," said Shang, who co-led the study with Dr. Mohammad Sadegh Nasr of the University of Texas at Arlington. "The field has also yet to standardize how AI algorithms should be best tested prior to clinical adoption."

The paper is published in the journal NEJM AI .

As it now stands, pathologists manually search and retrieve histopathology images, which is very time consuming. As a result, there has been growing interest in developing automated search and retrieval systems for the digitized cancer images.

The researchers designed a series of experiments to evaluate the accuracy of search engine results on tissue and subtype retrieval tasks on real-world UCLA cases and larger, unseen datasets. The four engines examined are Yottixel, SISH, RetCCL, HSHR. Each takes a different approach toward indexing, database generation, ranking and retrieval of images.

Overall, the researchers found inconsistent results across the four algorithms—for instance, Yottixel performed best on breast tissue , while RetCCL had the highest performance on brain tissue . They also found that a group of pathologists found search engine results to be of low to average quality with several visible errors.

The researchers are devising new guidelines to standardize the clinical validation of AI tools, Shang said. They are also developing new algorithms that leverage a variety of different data types to develop more reliable and accurate predictions.

"Our studies show that despite amazing progress in artificial intelligence over the past decade, significant improvements are still needed prior to widespread uptake in medicine," Shang said. "These improvements are essential in order to avoid doing patients harm while maximizing the benefits of artificial intelligence to society."

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What Are Americans’ Top Foreign Policy Priorities?

Protecting the u.s. from terrorism and reducing the flow of illegal drugs are top issues overall, but democrats and republicans have very different priorities, table of contents.

• Differences by partisanship
• Differences by age
• Acknowledgments
• The American Trends Panel survey methodology

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to better understand Americans’ long-range foreign policy priorities. For this analysis, we surveyed 3,600 U.S. adults from April 1 to April 7, 2024. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology .

Here are the questions used for this analysis, along with responses, and its methodology .

Americans have a lot on their plates in 2024, including an important election to determine who will remain or become again president. But the world does not stop for a U.S. election, and multiple conflicts around the world as well as other issues of global prominence continue to concern Americans.

When asked to prioritize the long-range foreign policy goals of the United States, the majority of Americans say preventing terrorist attacks (73%), keeping illegal drugs out of the country (64%) and preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction (63%) are top priorities. Over half of Americans also see maintaining the U.S. military advantage over other countries (53%) and preventing the spread of infectious diseases (52%) as primary foreign policy responsibilities.

About half of Americans say limiting the power and influence of Russia and China are top priorities. A recent annual threat assessment from the U.S. intelligence community focused heavily on those countries’ strengthening military relationship and their ability to shape the global narrative against U.S. interests.

Fewer than half of Americans say dealing with global climate change (44%) and getting other countries to assume more of the costs of maintaining world order (42%) are top priorities. The partisan gaps on these two issues are quite large:

• 70% of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents say climate change should be a top priority, while 15% of Republicans and Republican leaners say this.
• 54% of Republicans say getting other countries to assume more of the costs of maintaining world order should be a top priority, compared with 33% of Democrats.

About four-in-ten Americans see limiting the power and influence of North Korea and Iran as top priorities. (The survey was conducted before Iran’s large-scale missile attack on Israel on April 13.) And about a third say the same about the U.S. being a leader in artificial intelligence, a technology that governments around the world are increasingly concerned about .

When it comes to goals that focus on international engagement, like strengthening the United Nations and NATO or finding a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, fewer than a third of Americans mark these as top foreign policy priorities.

Related: Fewer Americans view the United Nations favorably than in 2023

Only about a quarter of Americans prioritize promoting human rights in other countries, leading other countries in space exploration and reducing military commitments overseas. And similar shares say supporting Ukraine (23%) and Israel (22%) are top issues.

At the bottom of this list of foreign policy priorities are promoting global democracy ( a major policy push from the Biden administration ) and aiding refugees fleeing violence around the world – about two-in-ten Americans describe these as top concerns. These assessments come amid a recent global surge in asylum claims . Still, in Center surveys, democracy promotion has typically been at the bottom of Americans’ list of foreign policy priorities, even dating back to George W. Bush’s and Barack Obama’s administrations .

Overall, a majority of Americans say that all 22 long-range foreign policy goals we asked about should be given at least some priority. Still, about three-in-ten Americans say supporting Israel (31%), promoting democracy (28%) and supporting Ukraine (27%) should be given no priority.

The long-range foreign policy priority questions were also asked in 2018 and 2021, and since then there have been some significant shifts in responses:

• Since 2018, the public has become significantly more likely to say limiting the power and influence of China (+17 percentage points) and finding a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (+11) are top foreign policy priorities.
• Americans have also increased the emphasis they place on limiting the power and influence of Russia, particularly in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (+8 points since 2021).
• On the decline since 2018 are strengthening the UN and aiding refugees (-8 points each), reducing foreign military commitments (-6), and promoting and defending human rights in other countries (-5).
• Preventing the spread of infectious diseases is down 19 percentage points since 2021 – during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic – and about back to where it was in 2018.

These are among the findings from a Pew Research Center survey conducted April 1-7, 2024.

The survey of 3,600 U.S. adults shows that foreign policy remains a partisan issue. Republicans prioritize the prevention of terrorism, reducing the flow of illegal drugs into the country, and maintaining a military advantage over other nations. Meanwhile, Democrats prioritize dealing with climate change and preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), but also preventing terrorist attacks.

There are also stark age differences on many of the policy goals mentioned, but for the most part, young adults are less likely than older Americans to say the issues we asked about are top priorities. The exceptions are dealing with climate change, reducing military commitments overseas, and promoting and defending human rights abroad – on these issues, 18- to 29-year-olds are significantly more likely than older Americans to assign top priority.

Even with these priorities, foreign policy generally takes the backset to domestic policy for most Americans: 83% say it is more important for President Joe Biden to focus on domestic policy, compared with 14% who say he should focus on foreign policy.

Americans are even less likely to prioritize international affairs than they were in 2019, when 74% wanted then-President Donald Trump to focus on domestic policy and 23% said he should focus on foreign policy.

Americans’ foreign policy priorities differ greatly by party. The largest divide, by a significant margin, is the 55 percentage point gap between Democrats and Republicans on dealing with global climate change (70% vs. 15%, respectively, see it as a top priority).

Supporting Ukraine, aiding refugees, reducing the spread of diseases, protecting human rights, and strengthening the UN are also issues on which Democrats are at least 20 points more likely than Republicans to prioritize. For example, 63% of Democrats say reducing the spread of infectious diseases is a top priority, compared with 41% of Republicans.

Republicans prioritize supporting Israel, reducing the flow of illegal drugs and maintaining a military advantage over other countries – among other security and hard power issues – significantly more than Democrats do. For example, more than half of Republicans (54%) say getting other countries to assume more of the costs of maintaining world order should be a top focus in foreign policy. Only a third of Democrats say the same.

The priority assigned to several issues is divided even further by ideology within parties. Take support for Israel and Ukraine as examples. Supporting Israel is generally a higher priority for Republicans than Democrats, but within the Republican Party, 48% of conservatives say it’s a top concern, while 18% of moderates and liberals agree. Previous Center research shows that conservative Republicans are especially likely to favor military aid to Israel .

Supporting Ukraine, something Democrats emphasize more than Republicans, is a top priority particularly for liberal Democrats (47%), while about three-in-ten moderate and conservative Democrats agree (29%). Democrats have also shown more willingness than Republicans to provide aid to Ukraine in its conflict with Russia.

Generally, the partisan differences on the importance of several foreign policy issues have gotten smaller since 2021 , when most of these questions were last fielded. This is especially true for items related to the relative power of major countries, like the U.S. maintaining a military advantage and limiting the power and influence of both Russia and China.

However, finding a solution to the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians – a priority that saw no partisan difference at all when it was last asked about in 2018 – has an emerging partisan gap today. The share of Democrats who call this a top priority has more than doubled, while the share of Republicans has changed little.

Age differences persist on foreign policy issues. Older Americans prioritize most of the issues we asked about at higher rates than those ages 18 t0 29.

On four issues, there is at least a 40 percentage point gap between Americans ages 65 and older and young adults ages 18 to 29. The oldest Americans are more likely to prioritize reducing the flow of illegal drugs, limiting the power and influence of China and Iran, and maintaining a U.S. military advantage.

Those in the oldest age group are also more concerned than their younger counterparts on an additional 11 issues, ranging from support for Israel to U.S. leadership in space exploration.

For their part, young adults are more likely to say dealing with global climate change, reducing U.S. military commitments overseas, and promoting and defending human rights in other countries should be top foreign policy priorities.

Even starker patterns appear when looking at partisanship within two age groups – adults ages 18 to 49 and those 50 and older.

Among Democrats, older adults place particularly high priority on supporting Ukraine, strengthening NATO, and limiting the power and influence of Russia amid its war with Ukraine. Older Democrats are also more likely than younger ones to prioritize preventing the development of WMDs, curbing the spread of diseases, strengthening the UN and promoting democracy around the world, among other issues.

Among Republicans, those ages 50 and older are more likely than those ages 18 to 49 to prioritize supporting Israel, limiting the power and influence of Iran and China, getting other countries to assume more foreign policy costs, reducing the amount of illegal drugs entering the U.S., preventing terrorism, and maintaining a military advantage.

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As biden and trump seek reelection, who are the oldest – and youngest – current world leaders, a growing share of americans have little or no confidence in netanyahu, fewer americans view the united nations favorably than in 2023, rising numbers of americans say jews and muslims face a lot of discrimination, most popular, report materials.

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Dear Colleague Letter: Leveraging Cyberinfrastructure for Research Data Management (RDM)

May 1, 2024

Dear Colleagues:

With this Dear Colleague Letter (DCL), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), led by the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE) Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (OAC), invites Early-Concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) and conference/workshop proposals that aim to leverage cyberinfrastructure to advance research data management (RDM) and public access to research data in alignment with the goals of OAC's Cyberinfrastructure for Public Access and Open Science (CI PAOS) program [ https://new.nsf.gov/funding/opportunities/cyberinfrastructure-public-access-open-science-ci ] and the NSF Public Access Initiative (PAI) [ https://new.nsf.gov/public-access ]. The NSF PAI aims to make the results of NSF-supported research publicly available to the greatest extent possible. The CI PAOS program aims to catalyze new and transformative socio-technical partnerships supporting research data infrastructure ecosystems across domains through early-stage collaborative activities between cyberinfrastructure researchers, scientists, research computing experts, data management experts, research labs, university libraries, and other communities of practice.

Advancements in data management across all research disciplines are needed to achieve national public access goals, including to "make publications and their supporting data resulting from federally funded research publicly accessible without embargo on their free and public release" 1 and implementing guidance to digital repositories that hold data from federally funded projects. This DCL responds to these needs while building upon previous NSF Dear Colleague Letters: Reproducibility and Replicability in Science ( NSF 23-018 ), Open Science for Research Data ( NSF 20-068 ), and Effective Practices for Data ( NSF 19-069 ).

Accordingly, proposals are invited from across communities for Early-concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) projects and for workshops to address competency building, capability building, and community building supporting RDM and public access. There is also a growing demand for international FAIR research collaboration, coordination, and RDM capacity. NSF particularly welcomes proposals involving new and innovative partnerships (such as between cyberinfrastructure (CI) researchers and providers, computer scientist (CS) and information technology (IT) researchers, domain scientists, and/or university libraries) that address RDM topics such as, but not limited to, the following examples:

• Addressing data formats, metadata standards, and harmonization across domains while leveraging existing cyberinfrastructure to advance research data lifecycle management;
• Addressing data curation, provenance, record keeping, organization of data, storage of data, linking, reporting of research data and results, sharing and access, institutional policies, and data management standard operating procedures for projects;
• Promoting machine-readability, reproducibility, and utility for AI computing, resource, and tools to deploy modular RDM training for PIs, trainees, students at any scale;
• Improving domain-specific data quality guidance, formats, RDM best practices, scientific connections, restrictive/sensitive RDM, transfer of large datasets, and case studies;
• Leveraging existing data repositories or hardware/software computational resources for improving research data management, linking datasets within repositories, and combining data to gain new insights for sharing information with research communities;
• Enabling community-scale integration of, and access to, data sets from funded research and/or those generated by industry to enable new research and discovery broadly for the CISE and other research communities;
• Investigating interdisciplinary and international collaborations, costs, and continuity of RDM infrastructure for publications and data across projects, centers, and facilities for NSF-funded research;
• Coordinating, facilitating, and/or evaluating U.S. and international FAIROS integrated research infrastructure efforts.

Proposals must follow the guidance contained in the NSF Proposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (PAPPG) for EAGER (see PAPPG Chapter II.F.3) and Conference/Workshop (see PAPPG Chapter II.F.8) proposals. Proposals should clearly describe the intellectual merit, broader impact, and budget for the proposed effort.

• Early-Concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) proposals are encouraged for high-risk/high-reward innovative concepts and pilot and other research proposals that contribute to community readiness and advancements in RDM for public access and open science. EAGERs can be supported up to $300,000 for up to a two-year duration.
• Conference/Workshop proposals are encouraged for community workshops and other events that bring together communities of practice to explore and advance scientific community readiness in response to this DCL (i.e., such as HPC experts, information technology and computer scientists, library and information science, research labs, research libraries). Each Conference/Workshop proposal must not exceed $100,000 in total budget for a one-or two-year duration.

HOW TO RESPOND TO THIS DEAR COLLEAGUE LETTER

• Proposers are required to email a Concept Outline, following the guidance in PAPPG Chapter I.D.1, to the cognizant Program Director listed in this DCL. The email subject header should start with "NSF DCL: Leveraging Cyberinfrastructure for Research Data Management (RDM)".
• The PD may invite submission of an EAGER or Conference proposal based on an assessment of the alignment of the project description with the goals of the DCL and CI PAOS program [ https://new.nsf.gov/funding/opportunities/cyberinfrastructure-public-access-open-science-ci ].

When submitting your proposal to the CI PAOS Program Description, the project title should be of the form "CI PAOS: Title", after the PAPPG required prefix "EAGER" or "Conference". Please also include "Public Access" as a keyword in the at the beginning of the overview section of the project summary, and ensure inclusion of the following information in the project description:

• A dedicated section describing the Appropriateness of Proposed Work for EAGER or Conference funding,
• A dedicated section describing the relevance of the proposed work to CI PAOS goals (not to exceed one page).

After submitting the proposal, the NSF-assigned proposal number should be emailed to the program director identified below with the subject header starting with "NSF DCL: Leveraging Cyberinfrastructure for Research Data Management (RDM) - Proposal Number".

To be considered for priority consideration for FY 2024 funding, invited proposals must be submitted by 5:00 P.M. submitting organization's local time on July 3, 2024. There is not a deadline for concept outlines.

Concept outlines, as well as questions and inquiries about project ideas, should be sent to Plato Smith, Program Director, CISE/OAC, telephone: (703) 292-4278, email: [email protected] with a copy to [email protected] .

Dilma Da Silva Acting Assistant Director, Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE)

Alexandra R. Isern Assistant Director, Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)

Sylvia M. Butterfield Acting Assistant Director, Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE)

C. Denise Caldwell Acting Assistant Director, Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS)

James L. Moore III Assistant Director, Directorate for STEM Education (EDU)

Susan S. Margulies Assistant Director, Directorate for Engineering (ENG)

Susan Marqusee Assistant Director, Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO)

Alicia J. Knoedler Office Head, Office of Integrative Activities (OIA)

Kendra Sharp Office Head, Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE)

1 2022 OSTP Memorandum (2022 Nelson Memo). https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/08-2022-OSTP-Public-access-Memo.pdf .