i have a dream rhetorical analysis thesis

King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech: Rhetorical Analysis Essay (Critical Writing)

On August 28th, 1963, Martin Luther King delivered his most fiery speech to shock the United States – “I Have a Dream.” “America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned,” a black rights advocate shouted from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial (King 1963, pp. 4). The speech is full of outrage and contains allusions to the Bible and the US Declaration of Independence. It is considered one of the best in the history of mankind. The main theses of King’s political speeches were not only the equalization of the rights of Whites and Blacks but also a more global idea – world peace for the sake of the prosperity of mankind.

The format of Martin Luther King’s speech is quite simple, as the entire text can be conditionally divided into two parts. The first part presents a picture of an American nightmare full of injustice and humiliation of human dignity. This part is about both the past and the present day, namely, August 28th, 1963. In addition, in the first part of his speech, King calls people to stand up for themselves and their dignity. The second part of the speech, however, is much more positive. It represents King’s view on the bright future of the United States, his dream, his hope and belief in equality and justice for all people, regardless of skin color.

Martin Luther King used a variety of rhetorical techniques, such as speech figures and tropes, in his speech. Among these techniques, allusions are the most prominent. For the first time, the allusion in King’s “I Have a Dream” speech is used immediately after the opening sentence, which is an homage to the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. US President Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery with this proclamation. The reference is symbolic and carries a lot of meaning, setting the tone of the speech from the very beginning. “Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation,” said King (1963, pp. 2). This passage is also a starting point – the beginning of the story, indicating the date and place of the event.

Among English-speaking speakers, references to Shakespeare and the Bible were especially popular, which is exactly what Martin Luther King did in his speech. For example, King (1963) said: “This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality” (pp. 7). This is a very subtle allusion to the play by William Shakespeare, Richard III . Moreover, King often refers to the Bible in his speech, which, of course, is natural and not surprising because he was a pastor. “It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity” (King 1963, pp. 2), he announced right at the beginning of his speech. This is, in fact, an allusion to Psalm 31, verse 4: “Pull me out of the net that they have laid privily for me: for thou art my strength” (King James Bible 1769). Being a deeply religious person, King artfully weaved homages to Bible into his speech, which only helped him translate his idea to the masses in a more understandable and relatable way.

Although this historical event happened a long time ago, the general idea of King’s speech is modern and relevant to this day: it is impossible to win by responding with violence to violence. Martin Luther King’s insistent calls for unity and nonviolent action in response to oppression and brutality are worthy of deep respect and long memory. His speeches have become key moments in American history in the struggle for racial justice. And this particular, unique speech, “I Have a Dream,” is, indeed, a real rhetorical masterpiece, presented in a powerful and inspiring way.

King James Bible . (2017). King James Bible Online.

King, M. L. (1963). I Have a Dream . American rhetoric.

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IvyPanda . 2022. "King’s “I Have a Dream” Speech: Rhetorical Analysis." November 6, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/kings-i-have-a-dream-speech-rhetorical-analysis/.

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I Have a Dream Speech

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Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream”

The “I Have a Dream” speech has a very simple context. The author of the “I Have A Dream” speech is Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. King is known for his work in Civil Rights during the 1960s. The purpose of this speech is to inspire change in both white and black citizens of the United States during the Civil Rights era. Moreover, the premise of the speech is that both sides of the discussion must accept change in a non-violent yet effective way. Finally, the audience of the speech is very general; however, one should note that since the speech is given in Washington, it is possible that the speech attempts to engage law makers and policy makers who work and live within the nation’s capital.

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Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — I Have a Dream — Speech by Martin Luther King Jr. I Have a Dream: Rhetorical Analysis

Speech by Martin Luther King Jr. I Have a Dream: Rhetorical Analysis

• Categories: I Have a Dream Martin Luther King

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Published: Oct 22, 2018

Words: 907 | Page: 1 | 5 min read

Should follow an “upside down” triangle format, meaning, the writer should start off broad and introduce the text and author or topic being discussed, and then get more specific to the thesis statement.

Provides a foundational overview, outlining the historical context and introducing key information that will be further explored in the essay, setting the stage for the argument to follow.

The topic sentence serves as the main point or focus of a paragraph in an essay, summarizing the key idea that will be discussed in that paragraph.

The body of each paragraph builds an argument in support of the topic sentence, citing information from sources as evidence.

After each piece of evidence is provided, the author should explain HOW and WHY the evidence supports the claim.

Should follow a right side up triangle format, meaning, specifics should be mentioned first such as restating the thesis, and then get more broad about the topic at hand. Lastly, leave the reader with something to think about and ponder once they are done reading.

Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., Dr. King, Dream speech, Dr. King’s earlier speeches, African Americans, first rhetorical devices King, stone of hope, part of the civil rights movement, jangling discords of our nation, Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg address, important rhetorical devices Dr. King, beautiful symphony of brotherhood, Civil War, King’s audiences, civil rights movement

Martin Luther King Jr Essay Outline

Introduction

• Overview of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have A Dream” speech and its historical significance
• Mention of King’s use of rhetorical devices to influence and inspire his audience

Use of Allusions

• Discussion of King’s allusions to the Declaration of Independence and their impact on the audience’s patriotism and sense of moral values
• Emphasis on how these allusions contribute to the vision of equality

Use of Metaphors

• Explanation of King’s metaphors, particularly the banking metaphor, to convey the need for civil rights and justice
• Analysis of how metaphors strengthen King’s argument and call to action

Repetition for Emphasis

• Examination of King’s use of repetition in phrases like “we can never be satisfied,” “let freedom ring,” and “I have a dream”
• Explanation of how repetition builds intensity and reinforces key ideas in the speech

Tone and Passion

• Discussion of the emotional tone of the speech and King’s careful balance between passion and dignity
• Emphasis on the lasting impact of King’s words and his role in inspiring change
• Recap of Martin Luther King Jr.’s influence and legacy
• Affirmation of the importance of addressing social issues and striving for change, as demonstrated by King
• Weitzel, A. (1994). King’s “I have a dream”; speech: A case study of incorporating orality in rhetorical criticism. Communication Reports, 7(1), 50-56. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08934219409367583)
• Zheng, S. (2014). A Stylistic Analysis on” I have a dream”. Journal of Studies in social Sciences, 9(1). (https://www.infinitypress.info/index.php/jsss/article/view/931)
• Weitzel, A. R. (1991). A Pedagogical Treatment of King’s” I Have a Dream” Speech: Toward Incorporating Orality in Rhetorical Criticism. (https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED344248)
• Lei, E. V., & Miller, K. D. (1999). Martin Luther King, Jr.’s” I Have a Dream” in Context: Ceremonial Protest and African American Jeremiad. College English, 62(1), 83-99. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/378900)
• Alvarez, A. (1988). Martin Luther King’s” I Have a Dream” The Speech Event as Metaphor. Journal of Black Studies, 18(3), 337-357. (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/002193478801800306)

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Rhetorical Analysis of I Have a Dream Speech

Martin Luther King Jr’s “I Have a Dream Speech” is among the most unforgettable speeches in the American history. This heartwarming speech marked the beginning of a new era in black history.

Things have changed a lot since King Jr spoke before the masses, but the struggle continues.

African-Americans are still fighting for an equal status.

However, King used his powerful rhetoric to redirect the African American struggle in a new direction and to persuade them to stand united in their battle against racism and discrimination. 

King was a great advocate of Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of nonviolence and wished that the whites and people of color could live together in peace.

His speech is intense but contains no demonstration of hatred against the white people.

King imagined a brighter future for the people of color and an environment in which African Americans could coexist with white people and create a stronger nation and society free from discrimination.

King’s rhetoric was powerful, and millions found inspiration and hope in his words. Here is a rhetorical analysis of his speech that focuses on ethos, pathos, and logos.

It analyses the charm and power of his speech. Martin Luther King Jr. had delivered this speech at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC on 28 August 1963.

King started his speech with the lines, “ I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation .”

King’s initial words are a call for unity and to take a united stand against discrimination.

 With these words, he sets the background and foundation of his speech and his vision of the future that includes freedom, non-discrimination, and long-lasting happiness.

 In his speech, King frequently looks back at moments in American history and refers to the leaders who laid the foundation of free America.

This adds ethical appeal to his speech. However, King’s speech is also rich in imagery, and his phrases frequently paint the picture of a beautiful dream-like nation where peace and prosperity abound.

King dreamt of a cohesive society that would not easily fall prey to discrimination or stay divided along the lines of color.

King’s biggest disappointment is that the promises made during Lincoln’s time never became a reality, and instead, African Americans have been being fed more fake promises.  

His reference to the Emancipation Proclamation and its promises also adds ethical appeal to the speech.

Wikipedia has listed Martin Luther King Jr. as one of the greatest African Americans in history.

King Jr himself was a highly influential leader, which is also a source of ethical appeal in the speech.

His speech keeps growing more dramatic and engaging.

King tries to make the frustration visible that years of neglect has caused.

While reading the speech, one can feel King’s soul in it.

His firm faith in unity and benevolence is evident at every stage.

There is a clear expression of anger in his speech at how African Americans are forced to lead limited lives and stopped from finding happiness.

The emotional appeal or pathos in his speech grows stronger when King spells out that the freedom and rights the African Americans have been being denied is a debt on the nation.

This debt has kept growing larger; those promises made earlier are like bad checks or hollow spheres.

However, hope is not dead, and justice and equality will have to prevail.

King’s motive was to reignite hope and to prove there was a way out of darkness for Africans and Americans.

King speaks with passion and energy but in an urgent tone.

His plentiful use of imagery evokes a strong and meaningful picture.

Phrases like “seared in the flames of withering injustice,” “quicksands of racial injustice,” “sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent” bring alive the tragedy that daily happens in black people’s daily lives.

King contrasts two pictures; one is the everyday reality of African American lives, and the other is his dream.

His dream does not leave the white people out but cares for both the races’ joys and emotions.

His motive is to inspire energy and life into the relationships between the two races.

He seeks to bring together the black and white communities and help them live as equals.

The emotional element in his speech grows stronger as he speaks of the various forms of torture the black community has been through in its struggle for equality and freedom.

King hopes that the gap between the whites and blacks will grow narrower with time and that with time the African Americans will find their rightful space in the American society.

The kind of passion found in leaders like King Jr. is rare and very few other leaders reflect the same charisma and passion.

King’s dream was a dream of perfect equality, unity, and brotherhood.

Millions of hearts of his followers shared this dream.

King wanted the distance to this dream to be covered faster.

He reasons strongly speaking of the losses the Black community is bearing because America defaulted on its promise.

He uses facts from American history to support his logic.

If there is a peaceful method of ending the misery in people’s lives, then it is the path of nonviolence.

When he says ‘five score years ago,’ he means it has already been too late.

It means that the American government has scored rather poorly and failed to prove that America is a democracy in the real sense because the misery has been magnified by the government’s neglect.

As he repeats one hundred years later, he means that the miseries inflicted on the Black community are rather too many to count, and waiting any longer would be utterly painful.

King urges the crowd that the solution can be found by adopting peaceful and nonviolent methods.

“We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protests to degenerate into physical violence.” Martin Luther King Jr.

His focus on nonviolence strengthens his logic.

As King explains in the later parts of his speech, the Black community can gain control through nonviolent and peaceful methods and not through recklessness or violence.

King also connects his dream with the American Dream to see that peace and prosperity for Black people can be made possible through nonviolent struggle.

While the speech is splendid in its use of imagery and thought-provoking phrases, it is highly emotional in tone.

King did not want the African Americans to forget the dream of complete freedom, which was possible only when they were given the same rights as the whites in American society.

However, he was also cautious that the protest must not degenerate into physical violence or adopt methods that lack dignity.

Years have passed since King spoke, but the passion in his words gives the African Americans hope and energy to continue their struggle until they have achieved the same position as white people and can live a life of equal dignity in the American society.

https://www.archives.gov/files/press/exhibits/dream-speech.pdf

Pratap, Abhijeet. “RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH.”  Cheshnotes , Oct. 2019, Pratap, Abhijeet. “RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH.” Cheshnotes, edited by Abhijeet Pratap, Cheshnotes, Oct. 2019, notesmatic.com/rhetorical-analysis-dream-speech/.

Pratap, A. (2019, October). RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH. In  Cheshnotes . Retrieved from Pratap, Abhijeet. “RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH.” Cheshnotes, edited by Abhijeet Pratap, Cheshnotes, Oct. 2019, notesmatic.com/rhetorical-analysis-dream-speech/.

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Rhetorical Analysis on “I Have A Dream” (Draft)

EDIT: I HAVE COMPLETELY CHANGED THE TOPIC OF MY ESSAY, SO THIS ROUGH DRAFT IS COMPLETELY UNRELATED TO MY FINAL DRAFT.

“I Have A Dream” by Martin Luther King Junior is a widely known speech that demonstrates the power of rhetoric and the effect it can have on the audience. This speech was written and presented by Martin Luther King Jr. in the year 1963. He uses symbolism, metaphorical imagery, and powerful diction to create an impact on the audience. These rhetorical strategies demonstrate ethos, pathos, and logos to help the audience understand Martin Luther King Jr’s message and purpose.

This speech opens up with a very strong use of diction that creates a logical and emotional appeal on the audience. The main target of this speech is toward the African – American’s living in the United States. Martin Luther King Jr. opens up his speech stating that he is grateful for everyone who attended “the greatest demonstration of freedom”. At this point this speech is already creating an appeal of pathos. He then goes on to create a very logical appeal when stating that the Emancipation Proclamation gave “hope to millions of Negro slaves who had seared in the flames of withering injustice”. The Emancipation Proclamation was the first event where African – American’s were increasing up the ladder of social hierarchy. Dr King uses anaphora, the repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive clauses, to create an appeal of emotion and logic. He describes that it has been one hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation but still “the life of the Negro is still badly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination”, “the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity” , “the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself in exile in his own land”. Martin Luther King Jr repeats the words “One hundred years later the Negro…” targeting the audience who is mostly comprised of African – Americans that they are still under oppression and that must change,

Dr. King uses many instances of symbolism and metaphorical speech to help explain to the audience that there must be equality for all races. A very clear instance of symbolism and metaphorical speech Dr King demonstrates is occurs in the second paragraph. Dr King is comparing the “sacred obligation” that America has given to the African – Americans during that time as a “bad check, a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds”.  He is stating that America has given promises to the African – Americans however, those promises are empty.

There are countless instances of symbolism that occur throughout this speech and he is attempting to really connect with the audience and demonstrate an appeal of emotion and logic. He is stating that America has given all these opportunities and chances yet Dr King believes all of those opportunities are empty, they are just words. In response Dr. King states to his audience that he refuses “to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt”, and again he uses anaphora stating that he refuses to believe “there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation”. As stated before these “insufficient funds” are empty promises that the United State of America has given to the African – Americans. Everywhere we turn to in the speech, there is a demonstration of some sort of call to action, telling the audience to rise up and demonstrate their freedom. Martin Luther King tells the audience that it is time to make “real the promise of democracy” and “it is time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice”. This statement is teeming with emotional appeal, telling the audience that the time is over to stay in the shadows of segregation, and Dr King creates this emotional appeal with a very repetitive statement to stand up and represent the African – Americans and the idea of racial equality.

Overall throughout this piece it is easy to recognize the style of diction that Martin Luther King uses to demonstrate his point of view on the subject matter. The diction is one that calls for justice and it constantly repeats itself. The most repeated word throughout the speech is the word “justice”. This word is accompanied by the request for justice and that too is constantly repeated throughout the text. However the most significant moment in this speech occurs in the closure. It occurs at a time when Martin Luther King demonstrates “his dream”. He uses anaphora combined with powerful diction to create his final emotional appeal. He asks for America to follow up on its promises to become true to its words “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal”

This speech had the power to move millions of people and to get them to fight for their freedom. Martin Luther King Jr achieved this with this one speech. This speech demonstrates the diction, symbolism, and metaphorical language needed to create a emotional, logical, and credible appeal that helped the nation jump on its feet and make the better of it. During a time where segregation was everywhere and the racial minorities felt like they had no freedom, Martin Luther King Jr. steeped in and helped save their freedom and individualism through this speech.

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Rhetoric Analysis of “I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King

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