how to write a research proposal for phd in computer science

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Beginners guide to write a research proposal for a phd in computer science.

• Writing a PhD Doctoral Dissertation Proposal is the critical step in computer science research. Poor writing can turn down (decrees the scope of your research work) and even decrease the chance of getting a PhD.
• The L iterature must contain the outline of the previous work and research work previously carried out in your research area (topic related to your proposed project work).
• Assume it as a research tool that will help you clarify your idea and make conducting your research easier.

• Introduction

The proposal must contain the outline of your general area of study within which your research falls. You have to denote the current state of your knowledge and any current debates related to your research topic; it has to demonstrate your proposed research’s originality.Three major questions that needed to be considered before starting with Research Proposal Writing

A research proposal must sate your idea or research question and expected result with simplicity, clarity and definition.

Why- It must also create a case for why your question is essential and how far your contribution will impact your discipline.

What it must not do is answer the question – that’s what your research will do.

Importance of the Research Proposal

Research proposals are important because they formally outline your intended or in-depth research. Which means you need to offer details on how you will proceed with your research, including:

• your methodology and procedure
• timeline and feasibility
• All other thoughts needed to improve your research, such as resources.

Assume it as a research tool that will help you clarify your idea and make conducting your research easier. High-Quality Research Proposal Writing Service help you in getting high-quality research work.

Planning to write your PhD proposal

Consider the structure of your research proposal writing process before you start writing.

Plan the writing flow of your proposal and stick to the plan. Do not deviate from the plan of your proposal.

The strategy to write a PhD proposal is as follows:

• Work out any pictorial representation that you would like to include
• Describe your methodology
• Express the data to be used
• Propose possible outcomes of studying data
• Bibliography
• Writing your PhD proposal

After completing your PhD proposal plan, the next step is to proceed with your actual writing plan. Consult with your trainer or mentor to ensure you are going in the right direction and consult with experts to get a NO.1 Research Proposal Writing Services . The PhD proposals adopt a more proper style than other writing types — even other theoretical papers you have already written. It is always necessary to clear this up before you start writing.

The Basic Structure OF a Research Proposal

Writing a research proposal is the critical step in computer science research. Poor writing can turn down (decrees the scope of your research work) and even decrease the chance of getting a PhD.

The following are the fundamental procedure that needs to be followed for Writing a Research Proposal of PhD in Computer Science

Proposal Introduction:

The introduction section must contain an overview of your proposed research projects, its key concepts and problems statement or issues. You must able to show the reader or reviewer where your research fits. In general, you have to justify your research work within the field of computer science and then narrow it down to a particular research area (choosing a particular domain) and concern it will focus. Make it clear what exact problem or query your research will address and explain it in a brief research thesis statement.

Literature Review:

The literature must contain the outline of the previous work and research work previously carried out in your research area (topic related to your proposed project work). The main reason for writing a research proposal is to show the reader that you are familiar with what has already been done in the area. And to identify there is a gap in the particular research area that your work will fill.

Research Methods:

It must offer a clear and elaborate detail about the research work you will carry out. Must contain a detailed description of the equipment, techniques, or any other methodology you plan to include in your project should be covered here. Your projected schedule and budget should be added.

Bibliography:

Write a bibliography that cites all resources that were used in your literature review area. Many citing references found but computer science-related research project prepares APA (American Psychological Association) style of citing references format. It should be added at the beginning of your research proposal.  And it is a good way to familiarize others with your research topic, which can help them see the work you have included (relevant literature work). If you are having difficulties writing your research proposal in computer science, our  PhD Thesis Writing Service will Help .

Proofreading for Awesome Results

It is essential to proofread the dissertation work before the final submission to check for grammatical errors and correctness. Plagiarism correction helps in justifying the research work and help to prove the originality of the work.

The best ways of conducting a proofreading PhD proposal are as follows:

• Read the proposal carefully, again and again to yourself to recognize unnatural wording
• Proofreading, again and again, helps in improving the quality of the project work; always take time in-between writing and proofreading, which allow your brain to take rest.
• It is always better to have someone who can help with proofreading, to get a perfect work.

Exactness is never more significant than in a PhD proposal. Make sure intensive proofing is a part of your research proposal plan.

What’s the difference between a Dissertation Proposal and a Research Proposal

Writing a Research Proposal For PhD may be a difficult task. But writing a PhD D octoral D issertation will be much more challenge than that. Any research proposal’s objective is to present and justify the research study’s necessity and identified research problem found in a particular research area. Apart from this, you have to present a way to demonstrate the study from a practical perspective. Always make sure that you are following a slandered and specific guideline for each work.   It is better to learn about the phases of writing a dissertation to better your project work. A dissertation proposal must also contain points that you plan to cover and observe during your research. The main difference found between a research proposal and a dissertation is that the dissertation will not entirely be based on research. Instead, it offers new opinions, ideas, theories, and practices.

If you are ready to write a PhD proposal, no one needs to tell how important it is, that much, you already know. Our tips and Best PhD Proposal Writing Service will help you make a clear and high quality, PhD Doctoral Dissertation Proposal and earn your meritorious doctoral degree.

• Dey, S. (2014). A beginner’s guide to computer science research.  XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students ,  20 (4), 14-14.
• Kumar, R. (2018).  Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners . Sage.
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Welcome to the on-line version of the UNC dissertation proposal collection. The purpose of this collection is to provide examples of proposals for those of you who are thinking of writing a proposal of your own. I hope that this on-line collection proves to be more difficult to misplace than the physical collection that periodically disappears. If you are preparing to write a proposal you should make a point of reading the excellent document The Path to the Ph.D., written by James Coggins. It includes advice about selecting a topic, preparing a proposal, taking your oral exam and finishing your dissertation. It also includes accounts by many people about the process that each of them went through to find a thesis topic. Adding to the Collection This collection of proposals becomes more useful with each new proposal that is added. If you have an accepted proposal, please help by including it in this collection. You may notice that the bulk of the proposals currently in this collection are in the area of computer graphics. This is an artifact of me knowing more computer graphics folks to pester for their proposals. Add your non-graphics proposal to the collection and help remedy this imbalance! There are only two requirements for a UNC proposal to be added to this collection. The first requirement is that your proposal must be completely approved by your committee. If we adhere to this, then each proposal in the collection serves as an example of a document that five faculty members have signed off on. The second requirement is that you supply, as best you can, exactly the document that your committee approved. While reading over my own proposal I winced at a few of the things that I had written. I resisted the temptation to change the document, however, because this collection should truely reflect what an accepted thesis proposal looks like. Note that there is no requirement that the author has finished his/her Ph.D. Several of the proposals in the collection were written by people who, as of this writing, are still working on their dissertation. This is fine! I encourage people to submit their proposals in any form they wish. Perhaps the most useful forms at the present are Postscript and HTML, but this may not always be so. Greg Coombe has generously provided LaTeX thesis style files , which, he says, conform to the 2004-2005 stlye requirements.

Many thanks to everyone who contributed to this collection!

Greg Coombe, "Incremental Construction of Surface Light Fields" in PDF . Karl Hillesland, "Image-Based Modelling Using Nonlinear Function Fitting on a Stream Architecture" in PDF . Martin Isenburg, "Compressing, Streaming, and Processing of Large Polygon Meshes" in PDF . Ajith Mascarenhas, "A Topological Framework for Visualizing Time-varying Volumetric Datasets" in PDF . Josh Steinhurst, "Practical Photon Mapping in Hardware" in PDF . Ronald Azuma, "Predictive Tracking for Head-Mounted Displays," in Postscript Mike Bajura, "Virtual Reality Meets Computer Vision," in Postscript David Ellsworth, "Polygon Rendering for Interactive Scientific Visualization on Multicomputers," in Postscript Richard Holloway, "A Systems-Engineering Study of the Registration Errors in a Virtual-Environment System for Cranio-Facial Surgery Planning," in Postscript Victoria Interrante, "Uses of Shading Techniques, Artistic Devices and Interaction to Improve the Visual Understanding of Multiple Interpenetrating Volume Data Sets," in Postscript Mark Mine, "Modeling From Within: A Proposal for the Investigation of Modeling Within the Immersive Environment" in Postscript Steve Molnar, "High-Speed Rendering using Scan-Line Image Composition," in Postscript Carl Mueller, " High-Performance Rendering via the Sort-First Architecture ," in Postscript Ulrich Neumann, "Direct Volume Rendering on Multicomputers," in Postscript Marc Olano, "Programmability in an Interactive Graphics Pipeline," in Postscript Krish Ponamgi, "Collision Detection for Interactive Environments and Simulations," in Postscript Russell Taylor, "Nanomanipulator Proposal," in Postscript Greg Turk, " Generating Textures on Arbitrary Surfaces ," in HTML and Postscript Terry Yoo, " Statistical Control of Nonlinear Diffusion ," in Postscript

Thesis Proposal

In the thesis proposal, the PhD or DES student lays out an intended course of research for the dissertation.  By accepting the thesis proposal, the student’s dissertation proposal committee agrees that the proposal is practicable and acceptable, that its plan and prospectus are satisfactory, and that the candidate is competent in the knowledge and techniques required, and formally recommends that the candidate proceed according to the prospectus and under the supervision of the dissertation committee. It is part of the training of the student’s research apprenticeship that the form of this proposal must be as concise as those proposals required by major funding agencies.

The student proposes to a committee consisting of the student’s advisor and two other researchers who meet requirements for dissertation committee membership.  The advisor should solicit the prospective committee members, not the student. In cases where the research and departmental advisors are different , both must serve on the committee.

The student prepares a proposal document that consists of a core, plus any optional appendices. The core is limited to 30 pages (e.g., 12 point font, single spacing, 1 inch margins all around), and should contain sections describing 1) the problem and its background, 2) the innovative claims of the proposed work and its relation to existing work, 3) a description of at least one initial result that is mature enough to be able to be written up for submission to a conference, and 4) a plan for completion of the research. The committee commits to read and respond to the core, but reserves the right to refuse a document whose core exceeds the page limit. The student cannot assume that the committee will read or respond to any additional appendices.

The complete doctoral thesis proposal document must be disseminated to the entire dissertation committee no later than two weeks (14 days) prior to the proposal presentation. The PhD Program Administrator must be informed of the scheduling of the proposal presentation no later than two weeks (14 days) prior to the presentation. Emergency exceptions to either of these deadlines can be granted by the Director of Graduate Studies or the Department Chair on appeal by the advisor and agreement of the committee.

A latex thesis proposal template is available here .

PRESENTATION AND FEEDBACK

The student presents the proposal in a prepared talk of 45 minutes to the committee, and responds to any questions and feedback by the committee.

The student’s advisor, upon approval of the full faculty, establishes the target semester by which the thesis proposal must be successfully completed. The target semester must be no later than the eighth semester, and the student must be informed of the target semester no later than the sixth semester.

The candidacy   exam  must be successfully completed  before  the  proposal can be attempted.  The proposal must be completed prior to submitting the application for defense. [Instituted by full faculty vote September 16, 2015.]

Passing or failing is determined by consensus of the committee, who then sign the dissertation proposal form (sent to advisors by phd-advising@cs.  Failure to pass the thesis proposal by the end of the target semester or the eighth semester, whichever comes first, is deemed unsatisfactory progress: the PhD or DES student is normally placed on probation and can be immediately dismissed from the program. However, on appeal of the student’s advisor, one semester’s grace can be granted by the full faculty.

Last updated on October 16, 2023.

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PhD Thesis Proposal

After passing the area process you must form a thesis committee and defend a thesis proposal. The proposal defense constitutes the ‘Ph.D. qualifying exam’ discussed in the University’s  Graduate Studies Bulletin  and  Regulations and Policies Concerning Graduate Studies.

Students must perform research that is a significant contribution to the field during their third year. This can be satisfied by:

• Writing a paper that is accepted in a respectable refereed conference or journal
• Producing a paper of similar quality (quality of paper judged by the dissertation advisory committee)
• Incorporating the contribution in the required thesis proposal

Dissertation Advisor and Preliminary Advisory Committee

Soon after passing the area process, you should concentrate on narrowing down your interests to more specific ideas, such as:

• “Truth Maintenance in Natural Language”
• “Collapsing Complexity Classes via Counting”
• “Parallel Visual Shape Recognition”
• “Latency Tolerance in Distributed Shared Memory Systems”

Part of this process will be exploring ideas with faculty and finding a dissertation advisor and a preliminary advisory committee.

All students must register their dissertation advisor and a preliminary advisory committee with the graduate coordinator  no later than December 31 in their third year.

Your advisor will play a major role of guiding you through the process of completing a PhD. Your advisor will:

• Help you in planning your thesis proposal defense
• Point you towards to appropriate literature
• Advise proposal-related (and other) research
• Read drafts of your proposal
• Giving general advice

The advisor also plays a crucial role in the actual exam itself. Choosing an advisor should not be done lightly; changing advisors can significantly delay completion of your studies.

The preliminary advisory committee must contain:

• Your dissertation advisor
• At least three University of Rochester faculty members holding the rank of at least assistant professor
• Three department members*

*This is a department requirement. Exceptions can be granted by the chair.

A faculty member from outside the department can also be included, and must be included when the final dissertation advisory committee is formed in the second term of the third year.

Thesis Topic

After choosing an advisor and a general category, the next step is to decide what you really want to do. This involves finding, with the help of your advisor, a suitable topic.

After choosing a topics students should search through literature to answer the following questions:

• What (if anything) has been done already?
• What has not been done?
• What are the major gaps in previous work?
• What are recognized “next steps”?

After you have a grasp of the area and the problem, you will need to outline how your research will address the problem. This outline should include ideas on:

• How the research will attack the problem
• What it will not attack
• How it will fit in with previous work
• What the essential contribution of the work will be

You should be actively engaged in research on the topic by the fall of your third year.

Dissertation Advisory Committee

Your preliminary advisory committee members will usually become your dissertation advisory committee. If your preliminary advisory committee had no outside member, you must bring one on board at this time.

The committee members should be Rochester faculty members holding the rank of at least assistant professor, and three should be from the Department of Computer Science. (For exceptions, see the section above on forming a preliminary advisory committee .)

Each member must sign your thesis proposal defense form immediately after the thesis proposal defense. Your advisor should promptly return this form to the graduate program secretary.

Producing a Thesis Proposal

This proposal should explain:

• The context of the problem
• The problem itself
• Previous approaches
• Your proposed research

You should also include a well-researched bibliography. The thesis proposal should be of high quality in style, content, and exposition.

The thesis proposal and all other publications you have written during the year should be distributed to the dissertation advisory committee at least ten days before your thesis proposal defense. Students should ideally distribute materials before even scheduling the defense.

The thesis proposal will usually describe your:

• Third-year research
• The specific research directions you will pursue in the immediate future
• The general research directions you will pursue in the more distant future
• The theme that will unify your research into a coherent PhD dissertation

The thesis proposal should demonstrate that you have acquired the skills needed to perform dissertation-quality research. You are expected to have performed new research of substantial strength and novelty since your area paper. Except in exceptional cases, this new research should be appropriate for inclusion in the dissertation.

The thesis proposal should demonstrate that you have the technical strength needed to do PhD-quality research, and the vision to see the “big picture” into which that research fits.

Furthermore, the thesis proposal should show that you not only know how to solve problems, but also how to frame the issues.

Finally, the thesis proposal should demonstrate that you have developed strong and insightful intuitions as to which research themes are promising. The thesis proposal defense serves to verify these points.

In short, the proposal, talk, and exam should demonstrate to the dissertation advisory committee that an entire dissertation is indeed likely to result within a reasonable time frame.

A successful thesis proposal is not a guaranteed formula for producing a successful dissertation. As the research progresses, the research goals may change dynamically, and some initial goals may be too hard to be solved within the time frame.

We therefore expect that the dissertation project will evolve to meet these contingencies, and that this evolution will be the primary topic of six-month reviews.

Scheduling the Thesis Proposal Defense

Once sufficient feedback on the thesis proposal has been gathered, you can schedule the Thesis Proposal Defense. This is best done early in the spring of the third year, though it can be done earlier, and must be done before the spring PAS.

When you are ready to schedule the thesis proposal defense, see the graduate program secretary to reserve a room and date, and to complete a Thesis Proposal Defense Appointment Form.

The graduate program secretary will not schedule more than two events in the same day—one in the morning and one in the afternoon—to ensure the availability of interested faculty members. Students should try to schedule events well in advance to make sure they meet the spring PAS deadline.

Defending the Thesis Proposal

A public presentation is a required part of the thesis proposal defense. It is a chance for you to publicly present your ideas to the community and for your committee to judge both the ideas and the presentation.

The presentation should take no more than an hour, and should concentrate on the proposed research and the current year’s research progress.

You should provide the department secretary with the date, time, place, and abstract of the talk at least ten days in advance. She will then advertise the talk to the faculty, staff, and students.

The actual exam, which will normally occur immediately following the public presentation, is a meeting of the dissertation advisory committee and the student. Other faculty may attend and freely question and comment.

The purpose of the exam is for the committee—now that it has read the thesis proposal and heard the public talk—to ask you further questions and give you feedback. Questions may address any aspect of the proposal, including the actual research, the larger problem, your familiarity with previous work, and your expected attack on specific sub-problems. In addition to direct feedback, the committee will also report to the PAS.

Acceleration

You may choose to attempt the third-year process in your second year. You will be expected to do so if you passed the area process during your first year. There are no delayed requirements in this case; accelerating simply amounts to completing the third-year hurdles one year early.

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• How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 21, 2023.

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

• Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

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Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

• Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
• Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

• The proposed title of your project
• Your supervisor’s name
• Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

• Introduce your topic
• Give necessary background and context
• Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

• Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
• How much is already known about the topic
• What is missing from this current knowledge
• What new insights your research will contribute
• Why you believe this research is worth doing

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As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

• Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
• Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
• Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

• Improving best practices
• Informing policymaking decisions
• Strengthening a theory or model
• Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
• Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

• Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
• Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
• Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

• Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
• Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
• Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

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Students are not assigned to pre-specified projects. They are expected to propose an area or topic, and will be accepted only if an appropriate and willing supervisor is available. Applicants should therefore prepare a statement of proposed research of no more than 3000 words (this is different from a personal statement) indicating their intended topic and research strategy. This should:

• show an understanding of existing work in the field,
• identify an area for new work,
• have concrete goals and deliverables for the first year, and
• indicate that you know how to achieve them.

This could usefully be drafted in collaboration with the intended supervisor and candidates are invited to make informal contact with the Department of Computer Science and Technology, either through individual staff members or the Postgraduate Education Manager, before submitting a formal application. Staff members belong to one or more research groups and may be contacted by email in the first instance. If you contact more than one person in the Department,  please make sure that all the people you contact are aware of all the others so that we do not duplicate effort. The Department may suggest an informal visit, and may interview applicants in person, by video-conference or by telephone.

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PhD | Thesis Proposal

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The student must present an oral thesis proposal and submit the form to their full reading committee by Spring quarter of their fourth year. The thesis proposal form  must be filled out, signed, and approved by all committee members. Then, submitted to the CS PhD Student Services ( [email protected] ). 

The thesis proposal allows students to obtain formative feedback from their reading committee that'll guide them into a successful and high-quality dissertation. The thesis proposal (a private session only with the student's advisor/co-advisor and reading committee members) should allow time for discussion with the reading committee about the direction of the thesis research. The suggested format should include:

• A description of the research problem and its significance;
• A description of previous work in the area and the "state of the art" prior to the student's work; 
• A description of preliminary work the student has done on the problem, and any research results of that work; 
• An outline of remaining work to be done and a timeline for accomplishing it.

How to Write a PhD Research Proposal

• Applying to a PhD
• A research proposal summarises your intended research.
• Your research proposal is used to confirm you understand the topic, and that the university has the expertise to support your study.
• The length of a research proposal varies. It is usually specified by either the programme requirements or the supervisor upon request. 1500 to 3500 words is common.
• The typical research proposal structure consists of: Title, Abstract, Background and Rationale, Research Aims and Objectives, Research Design and Methodology, Timetable, and a Bibliography.

What is a Research Proposal?

A research proposal is a supporting document that may be required when applying to a research degree. It summarises your intended research by outlining what your research questions are, why they’re important to your field and what knowledge gaps surround your topic. It also outlines your research in terms of your aims, methods and proposed timetable .

What Is It Used for and Why Is It Important?

A research proposal will be used to:

• Confirm whether you understand the topic and can communicate complex ideas.
• Confirm whether the university has adequate expertise to support you in your research topic.
• Apply for funding or research grants to external bodies.

How Long Should a PhD Research Proposal Be?

Some universities will specify a word count all students will need to adhere to. You will typically find these in the description of the PhD listing. If they haven’t stated a word count limit, you should contact the potential supervisor to clarify whether there are any requirements. If not, aim for 1500 to 3500 words (3 to 7 pages).

Your title should indicate clearly what your research question is. It needs to be simple and to the point; if the reader needs to read further into your proposal to understand your question, your working title isn’t clear enough.

Directly below your title, state the topic your research question relates to. Whether you include this information at the top of your proposal or insert a dedicated title page is your choice and will come down to personal preference.

2. Abstract

If your research proposal is over 2000 words, consider providing an abstract. Your abstract should summarise your question, why it’s important to your field and how you intend to answer it; in other words, explain your research context.

Only include crucial information in this section – 250 words should be sufficient to get across your main points.

3. Background & Rationale

First, specify which subject area your research problem falls in. This will help set the context of your study and will help the reader anticipate the direction of your proposed research.

Following this, include a literature review . A literature review summarises the existing knowledge which surrounds your research topic. This should include a discussion of the theories, models and bodies of text which directly relate to your research problem. As well as discussing the information available, discuss those which aren’t. In other words, identify what the current gaps in knowledge are and discuss how this will influence your research. Your aim here is to convince the potential supervisor and funding providers of why your intended research is worth investing time and money into.

Last, discuss the key debates and developments currently at the centre of your research area.

4. Research Aims & Objectives

Identify the aims and objectives of your research. The aims are the problems your project intends to solve; the objectives are the measurable steps and outcomes required to achieve the aim.

In outlining your aims and objectives, you will need to explain why your proposed research is worth exploring. Consider these aspects:

• Will your research solve a problem?
• Will your research address a current gap in knowledge?
• Will your research have any social or practical benefits?

If you fail to address the above questions, it’s unlikely they will accept your proposal – all PhD research projects must show originality and value to be considered.

5. Research Design and Methodology

The following structure is recommended when discussing your research design:

• Sample/Population – Discuss your sample size, target populations, specimen types etc.
• Methods – What research methods have you considered, how did you evaluate them and how did you decide on your chosen one?
• Data Collection – How are you going to collect and validate your data? Are there any limitations?
• Data Analysis – How are you going to interpret your results and obtain a meaningful conclusion from them?
• Ethical Considerations – Are there any potential implications associated with your research approach? This could either be to research participants or to your field as a whole on the outcome of your findings (i.e. if you’re researching a particularly controversial area). How are you going to monitor for these implications and what types of preventive steps will you need to put into place?

6. Timetable

We’ve outlined the various stages of a PhD and the approximate duration of a PhD programme which you can refer to when designing your own research study.

7. Bibliography

Plagiarism is taken seriously across all academic levels, but even more so for doctorates. Therefore, ensure you reference the existing literature you have used in writing your PhD proposal. Besides this, try to adopt the same referencing style as the University you’re applying to uses. You can easily find this information in the PhD Thesis formatting guidelines published on the University’s website.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

Questions & Answers

Here are answers to some of the most common questions we’re asked about the Research Proposal:

Can You Change a Research Proposal?

Yes, your PhD research proposal outlines the start of your project only. It’s well accepted that the direction of your research will develop with time, therefore, you can revise it at later dates.

Can the Potential Supervisor Review My Draft Proposal?

Whether the potential supervisor will review your draft will depend on the individual. However, it is highly advisable that you at least attempt to discuss your draft with them. Even if they can’t review it, they may provide you with useful information regarding their department’s expertise which could help shape your PhD proposal. For example, you may amend your methodology should you come to learn that their laboratory is better equipped for an alternative method.

How Should I Structure and Format My Proposal?

Ensure you follow the same order as the headings given above. This is the most logical structure and will be the order your proposed supervisor will expect.

Most universities don’t provide formatting requirements for research proposals on the basis that they are a supporting document only, however, we recommend that you follow the same format they require for their PhD thesis submissions. This will give your reader familiarity and their guidelines should be readily available on their website.

Last, try to have someone within the same academic field or discipline area to review your proposal. The key is to confirm that they understand the importance of your work and how you intend to execute it. If they don’t, it’s likely a sign you need to rewrite some of your sections to be more coherent.

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How to write a research proposal

What is a research proposal.

A research proposal should present your idea or question and expected outcomes with clarity and definition – the what.

It should also make a case for why your question is significant and what value it will bring to your discipline – the why. 

What it shouldn't do is answer the question – that's what your research will do.

Why is it important?

Research proposals are significant because Another reason why it formally outlines your intended research. Which means you need to provide details on how you will go about your research, including:

• your approach and methodology
• timeline and feasibility
• all other considerations needed to progress your research, such as resources.

Think of it as a tool that will help you clarify your idea and make conducting your research easier.

How long should it be?

Usually no more than 2000 words, but check the requirements of your degree, and your supervisor or research coordinator.

Presenting your idea clearly and concisely demonstrates that you can write this way – an attribute of a potential research candidate that is valued by assessors.

What should it include?

Project title.

Your title should clearly indicate what your proposed research is about.

Research supervisor

State the name, department and faculty or school of the academic who has agreed to supervise you. Rest assured, your research supervisor will work with you to refine your research proposal ahead of submission to ensure it meets the needs of your discipline.

Proposed mode of research

Describe your proposed mode of research. Which may be closely linked to your discipline, and is where you will describe the style or format of your research, e.g. data, field research, composition, written work, social performance and mixed media etc. 

This is not required for research in the sciences, but your research supervisor will be able to guide you on discipline-specific requirements.

Aims and objectives

What are you trying to achieve with your research? What is the purpose? This section should reference why you're applying for a research degree. Are you addressing a gap in the current research? Do you want to look at a theory more closely and test it out? Is there something you're trying to prove or disprove? To help you clarify this, think about the potential outcome of your research if you were successful – that is your aim. Make sure that this is a focused statement.

Your objectives will be your aim broken down – the steps to achieving the intended outcome. They are the smaller proof points that will underpin your research's purpose. Be logical in the order of how you present these so that each succeeds the previous, i.e. if you need to achieve 'a' before 'b' before 'c', then make sure you order your objectives a, b, c.

A concise summary of what your research is about. It outlines the key aspects of what you will investigate as well as the expected outcomes. It briefly covers the what, why and how of your research. 

A good way to evaluate if you have written a strong synopsis, is to get somebody to read it without reading the rest of your research proposal. Would they know what your research is about?

Now that you have your question clarified, it is time to explain the why. Here, you need to demonstrate an understanding of the current research climate in your area of interest.

Providing context around your research topic through a literature review will show the assessor that you understand current dialogue around your research, and what is published.

Demonstrate you have a strong understanding of the key topics, significant studies and notable researchers in your area of research and how these have contributed to the current landscape.

Expected research contribution

In this section, you should consider the following:

• Why is your research question or hypothesis worth asking?
• How is the current research lacking or falling short?
• What impact will your research have on the discipline?
• Will you be extending an area of knowledge, applying it to new contexts, solving a problem, testing a theory, or challenging an existing one?
• Establish why your research is important by convincing your audience there is a gap.
• What will be the outcome of your research contribution?
• Demonstrate both your current level of knowledge and how the pursuit of your question or hypothesis will create a new understanding and generate new information.
• Show how your research is innovative and original.

Draw links between your research and the faculty or school you are applying at, and explain why you have chosen your supervisor, and what research have they or their school done to reinforce and support your own work. Cite these reasons to demonstrate how your research will benefit and contribute to the current body of knowledge.

Proposed methodology

Provide an overview of the methodology and techniques you will use to conduct your research. Cover what materials and equipment you will use, what theoretical frameworks will you draw on, and how will you collect data.

Highlight why you have chosen this particular methodology, but also why others may not have been as suitable. You need to demonstrate that you have put thought into your approach and why it's the most appropriate way to carry out your research. 

It should also highlight potential limitations you anticipate, feasibility within time and other constraints, ethical considerations and how you will address these, as well as general resources.

A work plan is a critical component of your research proposal because it indicates the feasibility of completion within the timeframe and supports you in achieving your objectives throughout your degree.

Consider the milestones you aim to achieve at each stage of your research. A PhD or master's degree by research can take two to four years of full-time study to complete. It might be helpful to offer year one in detail and the following years in broader terms. Ultimately you have to show that your research is likely to be both original and finished – and that you understand the time involved.

Provide details of the resources you will need to carry out your research project. Consider equipment, fieldwork expenses, travel and a proposed budget, to indicate how realistic your research proposal is in terms of financial requirements and whether any adjustments are needed.

Bibliography

Provide a list of references that you've made throughout your research proposal. 

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Research Topics & Ideas: CompSci & IT

50+ Computer Science Research Topic Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

Finding and choosing a strong research topic is the critical first step when it comes to crafting a high-quality dissertation, thesis or research project. If you’ve landed on this post, chances are you’re looking for a computer science-related research topic , but aren’t sure where to start. Here, we’ll explore a variety of CompSci & IT-related research ideas and topic thought-starters, including algorithms, AI, networking, database systems, UX, information security and software engineering.

NB – This is just the start…

The topic ideation and evaluation process has multiple steps . In this post, we’ll kickstart the process by sharing some research topic ideas within the CompSci domain. This is the starting point, but to develop a well-defined research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , along with a well-justified plan of action to fill that gap.

If you’re new to the oftentimes perplexing world of research, or if this is your first time undertaking a formal academic research project, be sure to check out our free dissertation mini-course. In it, we cover the process of writing a dissertation or thesis from start to end. Be sure to also sign up for our free webinar that explores how to find a high-quality research topic. 

Overview: CompSci Research Topics

• Algorithms & data structures
• Artificial intelligence ( AI )
• Computer networking
• Database systems
• Human-computer interaction
• Information security (IS)
• Software engineering
• Examples of CompSci dissertation & theses

Topics/Ideas: Algorithms & Data Structures

• An analysis of neural network algorithms’ accuracy for processing consumer purchase patterns
• A systematic review of the impact of graph algorithms on data analysis and discovery in social media network analysis
• An evaluation of machine learning algorithms used for recommender systems in streaming services
• A review of approximation algorithm approaches for solving NP-hard problems
• An analysis of parallel algorithms for high-performance computing of genomic data
• The influence of data structures on optimal algorithm design and performance in Fintech
• A Survey of algorithms applied in internet of things (IoT) systems in supply-chain management
• A comparison of streaming algorithm performance for the detection of elephant flows
• A systematic review and evaluation of machine learning algorithms used in facial pattern recognition
• Exploring the performance of a decision tree-based approach for optimizing stock purchase decisions
• Assessing the importance of complete and representative training datasets in Agricultural machine learning based decision making.
• A Comparison of Deep learning algorithms performance for structured and unstructured datasets with “rare cases”
• A systematic review of noise reduction best practices for machine learning algorithms in geoinformatics.
• Exploring the feasibility of applying information theory to feature extraction in retail datasets.
• Assessing the use case of neural network algorithms for image analysis in biodiversity assessment

Topics & Ideas: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Applying deep learning algorithms for speech recognition in speech-impaired children
• A review of the impact of artificial intelligence on decision-making processes in stock valuation
• An evaluation of reinforcement learning algorithms used in the production of video games
• An exploration of key developments in natural language processing and how they impacted the evolution of Chabots.
• An analysis of the ethical and social implications of artificial intelligence-based automated marking
• The influence of large-scale GIS datasets on artificial intelligence and machine learning developments
• An examination of the use of artificial intelligence in orthopaedic surgery
• The impact of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) on transparency and trust in supply chain management
• An evaluation of the role of artificial intelligence in financial forecasting and risk management in cryptocurrency
• A meta-analysis of deep learning algorithm performance in predicting and cyber attacks in schools

Topics & Ideas: Networking

• An analysis of the impact of 5G technology on internet penetration in rural Tanzania
• Assessing the role of software-defined networking (SDN) in modern cloud-based computing
• A critical analysis of network security and privacy concerns associated with Industry 4.0 investment in healthcare.
• Exploring the influence of cloud computing on security risks in fintech.
• An examination of the use of network function virtualization (NFV) in telecom networks in Southern America
• Assessing the impact of edge computing on network architecture and design in IoT-based manufacturing
• An evaluation of the challenges and opportunities in 6G wireless network adoption
• The role of network congestion control algorithms in improving network performance on streaming platforms
• An analysis of network coding-based approaches for data security
• Assessing the impact of network topology on network performance and reliability in IoT-based workspaces

Topics & Ideas: Database Systems

• An analysis of big data management systems and technologies used in B2B marketing
• The impact of NoSQL databases on data management and analysis in smart cities
• An evaluation of the security and privacy concerns of cloud-based databases in financial organisations
• Exploring the role of data warehousing and business intelligence in global consultancies
• An analysis of the use of graph databases for data modelling and analysis in recommendation systems
• The influence of the Internet of Things (IoT) on database design and management in the retail grocery industry
• An examination of the challenges and opportunities of distributed databases in supply chain management
• Assessing the impact of data compression algorithms on database performance and scalability in cloud computing
• An evaluation of the use of in-memory databases for real-time data processing in patient monitoring
• Comparing the effects of database tuning and optimization approaches in improving database performance and efficiency in omnichannel retailing

Topics & Ideas: Human-Computer Interaction

• An analysis of the impact of mobile technology on human-computer interaction prevalence in adolescent men
• An exploration of how artificial intelligence is changing human-computer interaction patterns in children
• An evaluation of the usability and accessibility of web-based systems for CRM in the fast fashion retail sector
• Assessing the influence of virtual and augmented reality on consumer purchasing patterns
• An examination of the use of gesture-based interfaces in architecture
• Exploring the impact of ease of use in wearable technology on geriatric user
• Evaluating the ramifications of gamification in the Metaverse
• A systematic review of user experience (UX) design advances associated with Augmented Reality
• A comparison of natural language processing algorithms automation of customer response Comparing end-user perceptions of natural language processing algorithms for automated customer response
• Analysing the impact of voice-based interfaces on purchase practices in the fast food industry

Topics & Ideas: Information Security

• A bibliometric review of current trends in cryptography for secure communication
• An analysis of secure multi-party computation protocols and their applications in cloud-based computing
• An investigation of the security of blockchain technology in patient health record tracking
• A comparative study of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms for instant text messaging
• A systematic review of secure data storage solutions used for cloud computing in the fintech industry
• An analysis of intrusion detection and prevention systems used in the healthcare sector
• Assessing security best practices for IoT devices in political offices
• An investigation into the role social media played in shifting regulations related to privacy and the protection of personal data
• A comparative study of digital signature schemes adoption in property transfers
• An assessment of the security of secure wireless communication systems used in tertiary institutions

Topics & Ideas: Software Engineering

• A study of agile software development methodologies and their impact on project success in pharmacology
• Investigating the impacts of software refactoring techniques and tools in blockchain-based developments
• A study of the impact of DevOps practices on software development and delivery in the healthcare sector
• An analysis of software architecture patterns and their impact on the maintainability and scalability of cloud-based offerings
• A study of the impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on software engineering practices in the education sector
• An investigation of software testing techniques and methodologies for subscription-based offerings
• A review of software security practices and techniques for protecting against phishing attacks from social media
• An analysis of the impact of cloud computing on the rate of software development and deployment in the manufacturing sector
• Exploring the impact of software development outsourcing on project success in multinational contexts
• An investigation into the effect of poor software documentation on app success in the retail sector

CompSci & IT Dissertations/Theses

While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a CompSci-related research topic, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses to see how this all comes together.

Below, we’ve included a selection of research projects from various CompSci-related degree programs to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.

• An array-based optimization framework for query processing and data analytics (Chen, 2021)
• Dynamic Object Partitioning and replication for cooperative cache (Asad, 2021)
• Embedding constructural documentation in unit tests (Nassif, 2019)
• PLASA | Programming Language for Synchronous Agents (Kilaru, 2019)
• Healthcare Data Authentication using Deep Neural Network (Sekar, 2020)
• Virtual Reality System for Planetary Surface Visualization and Analysis (Quach, 2019)
• Artificial neural networks to predict share prices on the Johannesburg stock exchange (Pyon, 2021)
• Predicting household poverty with machine learning methods: the case of Malawi (Chinyama, 2022)
• Investigating user experience and bias mitigation of the multi-modal retrieval of historical data (Singh, 2021)
• Detection of HTTPS malware traffic without decryption (Nyathi, 2022)
• Redefining privacy: case study of smart health applications (Al-Zyoud, 2019)
• A state-based approach to context modeling and computing (Yue, 2019)
• A Novel Cooperative Intrusion Detection System for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (Solomon, 2019)
• HRSB-Tree for Spatio-Temporal Aggregates over Moving Regions (Paduri, 2019)

Looking at these titles, you can probably pick up that the research topics here are quite specific and narrowly-focused , compared to the generic ones presented earlier. This is an important thing to keep in mind as you develop your own research topic. That is to say, to create a top-notch research topic, you must be precise and target a specific context with specific variables of interest . In other words, you need to identify a clear, well-justified research gap.

Fast-Track Your Research Topic

If you’re still feeling a bit unsure about how to find a research topic for your Computer Science dissertation or research project, check out our Topic Kickstarter service.

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Investigating the impacts of software refactoring techniques and tools in blockchain-based developments.

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It’s really interesting but how can I have access to the materials to guide me through my work?

Investigating the impacts of software refactoring techniques and tools in blockchain-based developments is in my favour. May i get the proper material about that ?

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• Writing a research proposal for a PhD application

How to write a research proposal for a PhD application

What is a research proposal.

A research proposal gives details of the direction of your future research, usually based on a research question and a chapter-by-chapter approach to answering it.

For PhD applications, this proposal will be assessed to see:

• whether the project is likely to be completed within three years of full-time research
• whether it can be effectively supervised at the university
• whether you are competent and keen enough to complete it.

There may be other factors affecting whether you get a place at the University of Brighton:

• whether the project fits a growing or established research priority of the university
• how the proposal fits with a current cohort and the research environment

A successful proposal will leave the panel in no doubt on these, and you should prepare to show the strength of your idea and demonstrate your suitability.

Within the proposal, you should take the opportunity to clearly outline your research idea; your research methodology and critical approaches; your experience in this field of research where you can; and how your work will be offering an original contribution to knowledge, theories and/or practice. 

Find more details about a PhD in your discipline at the University of Brighton

How to get a prospective supervisor's help with your proposal

The strongest proposals are often ones that have been written jointly between a prospective student and prospective supervisor.

As Professor Pollen states in our film, supervisors have an understanding of the language used in proposals and the skillsets that asessors will want to see -- whether for a university position or a funding application.

To develop a strong proposal, we recommend you  work with a possible supervisor  at the University of Brighton who can help shape your project for feasibility and suitability within our institution. This person may then become your lead supervisor.

Please enable targeting cookies in order to view this video content on our website, or you can watch the video on YouTube .

What journey leads to a PhD application?  This film was made by the University of Brighton for UKRI and features University of Brighton students and academics as well as those from other partner universities.

Finding a PhD theme and understanding the university research environment

You may be responding to an advertised call for a particular project that has already achieved funding. Alternatively, you may want to propose a personally developed project. 

If you are responding to a call then the advertisement will have clear guidance as to what research experience and interest a candidate will need. This should help you structure your PhD research proposal.

If you are proposing a personally developed project then it should be carefully written to show the viability within the university's current research environment and a specific supervisory possibility at the university.

Some applicants have found our repository of theses helpful for the development and refinement of their research idea. You can find over 1000 theses completed at the University of Brighton over the past 40 years at our repository of successful PhD student theses . 

Our research database has useful leads to potential supervisory staff and a strong idea of the university's current research priorities online:

• Explore our PhD disciplinary programme search tools including free search and A-Z 
• Explore our research centres (COREs)  or our research groups (REGs) 
• Visit our research database of staff, projects and organisational units.

Once you have identified a potential lead researcher of a research project most aligned to yours, do not hesitate to email them.

Explain who you are, your motivation to do a PhD in their field of study and with them. They will let you know if they are interested in your project and would be interested in potentially supervising your PhD. If they cannot commit, they may be able to help you identify another researcher who could be available and interested.

By liaising with a suitable supervisor, your proposal will benefit from expert help and be channelled towards the appropriate disciplinary environment.

If you are in doubt about whether we can offer the appropriate supervision, please contact the  Doctoral College .

Find out more about your opportunities for a PHD on our FAQ page

What should a research proposal contain?

A research proposal should include the following:

1. Indicative title of the topic area

This should accurately reflect what it is that you want to study and the central issues that you are going to address.

It may be useful to present this in the format of a statement (perhaps a quote) and a question, separated by a colon. For example: '"The tantalising future of research": how are research proposals developed and assessed?'

2. Context / rationale / why is this study important? (300 – 500 words)

Introduce your specific area of study. You should identify the theoretical context within which your research will be developed by discussing the discipline(s) and or field/s of study relevant to your research.

This means outlining the key theoretical area(s) you will draw upon to enable you to find out what it is that you want to know (for example, how it is underpinned from methods in the social sciences; arts and humanities; life, health and physical sciences).

What we are looking for here is an indication that you understand and have done some research into the wider theoretical context.

Developing the context is just one part of this section; you are building a case / rationale for the study area. Why is this study important, which theoretical areas support this? Can you identify any gaps in current understanding that help you build the case for this research study?

For example, this section might take the form of: a series of statements on the current landmark areas of thought; a recognition of what has not yet been done thoroughly enough or where there is territory for research between these landmark studies; and where your study will fill the gaps you have identified.

3. Literature review (approximately 700 – 900 words)

Here you are demonstrating that you are aware of what has been and what is currently being written about your topic.

It will certainly include the up-to-date and relevant past landmark academic literature. It may also include other evidence of current thought and attitude, for example, government documents or media coverage. Practice-led PhD studies may make reference to innovation and trends in industry or professional practice.

We are looking for you to make links between this body of literature and your proposed area of study. This will support the ways you have identified gaps in the current global knowledge-base. A PhD thesis arises from original research leading to new knowledge or a significant contribution to existing knowledge. If, at this stage, you have some thoughts on how your research is likely to contribute to knowledge then include details in your proposal.

This section should include citations which are compiled into a reference list at the end of the document (see point 7).

4. The research questions or hypotheses (approximately 200 words)

Having told us what you want to study and why, and then illustrated these ideas with reference to a body of literature, the next task is to distil your ideas into a tentative set of research questions, hypotheses, aims and objectives (as per the underpinning discipline requires) that are manageable and achievable within a normal PhD timeframe (see 6 below). There are typically between three and ten questions/aims of this kind.

5. Research approach/ methodologies / methods (approximately 400 words)

There will be many research approaches open to you. In your proposal, suggest the methodological approach that you might take and make a reasoned case as to why the research questions you have posed are best addressed by this approach.

You might also suggest what methods you would use to generate data that can help you address your research questions.

6. Timescale/research planning (approximately 200 words)

A full-time PhD should take three years to complete, although you may require more time to acquire the relevant skills prior to commencing your research. Part-time study will take longer (up to five - six years). Within this timeframe, you will need to demonstrate your awareness of time management and planning, for example the length of time for primary research/ fieldwork.

7. Reference list 

You should include a reference list of all the sources that you referred to in the text using a recognised referencing style appropriate to your discipline (for example Harvard or Vancouver for Sciences).

Evidence of thorough background reading might include between ten and twenty citations at this point. They should demonstrate to an expert that you are knowledgeable of the landmark work in your field.

There are a number of books widely available that may help in preparing your research proposal (as well as in completing your research degree), here are a couple to point you in the right direction:

Bell, J (2010, 5th edn) Doing Your Research Project: A Guide for First-time Researchers in Education & Social Science , Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Baxter, L, Hughes, C and Tight, M (2007, 3rd edn) How to Research , Buckingham: Open University Press.

Research proposals in practice-led and professionally-based disciplines

The University of Brighton prides itself on the quality of its research in areas that intersect with professional practices and direct impact through in-the-field relationships with co-producers.

We are very supportive of doctoral projects that bring positive results from these methodolgies and practices.

Some of the subject areas that have supported personal practice as research include: design, art, architecture, media production and creative writing, with successful approaches including autoethnographic methods and public participation or site-specific interventions. 

Some of the areas that have benefited from significant professional practice and industry relationship-focused research have included: engineering, nursing, business administration and teaching. 

The research proposal will still need to demonstrate your capability as a researcher with a project that is workable and fits with the university's interests and capacities. 

You should, however, adapt your proposal to demonstrate the value that your practice can bring to the research. This should be in tandem with a clear understanding of the relationship between practice and research.

A clear competence in practice should be evidenced, but do be aware that your proposal will be judged on its research and the new knowledge that is developed and shared, rather than the quality of practice in and of itself.

Personal practices, experiences and data gained through professional relationships may form part of a standard PhD thesis and proposal as description of work and resulting data. You will only be appyling for a practice-led component to be taken into account if this will form a significant part of the representation and examination of the knowledge-base. In such cases, the thesis is signficantly shorter.

Some pitfalls in the applications for practice-led or practice-focused research include:

• An imbalance between the practical and theoretical elements
• Too arbitrary a divide between the practice and theory
• Using practice to simply provide personal illustrations of established theories or concepts
• Insufficient sense of how the research knowledge will be held and disseminated
• Insufficiently contained scope for a three-year project – for example, where the practice is described as a life-long investigation – with no clarity on an end-point
• A project that could be better or similarly tackled through a standard PhD in terms of efficient response to the research questions. For example where the practice element might be represented as data or results instead of examined practice.

Your potential supervisor will be able to advise where a proposal will include significant elements beyond the traditional thesis. For further information, please contact the Doctoral College .

A set of designed objects submitted as part of a practice-led PhD project in medical therapeutic design, by Dr Tom Ainsworth, who went on to become a teacher, researcher and supervisor at the University of Brighton.

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• PhD in Computer Science

A Guide For Writing Flawless Online PhD in Computer Science

Purpose of a phd in computer science online composing.

As you work towards your PhD in computer science, one of the requirements will be to complete a research project that your dissertation will be based on. Before beginning your research you will first have to submit a research proposal. CS candidates will submit a research proposal that should:

• Identify an issue or problem and demonstrate that there is a need for further research in the area
• Show that your research project will address that need and how it will do so.

The research proposal for an online PhD in computer science must be approved before you can carry on with your research project. In addition to being necessary to get your research approved, the research proposal in CS has the added benefit of forcing you to do the groundwork for the project that will make things run smoother later on. Failure to do the necessary groundwork will almost certainly result in your proposal not being approved. You can compare your project with cancer research, for example.

Get Top 10 Best Research Topics

Here are sample PhD in computer science online that are helpful for all:

• An investigation towards large-scale networking, its threats, and potentials.
• The use of a PC to improve the quality of education in high schools.
• Computerization of hospitals: the pros and cons of switching from traditional to digital.
• A study towards producing effective hardware that can support efficient data processes.
• Configuring robots and machines at par with human intelligence to improve work productivity.
• The impact of using robotics in household chores.
• Formatting PCs to reach the level of human understanding of language
• Issues regarding robotics in future cars and how to address them to avoid human casualties.
• Understanding the best method to program it for communication.
• An investigation of cybersecurity and the use of advanced programming to prevent hacking and data mining.

You can also check out some great PhD in computer science USA.

What to Include

In order to be approved, there are several questions that should be addressed in your PhD in computer science education. CS candidates should make sure that their proposal does answer these questions which include:

• Why is the research you propose importantly?
• What other studies have been done in the area and how do they relate to the research you propose?
• How will your research add to knowledge in the field?
• What is the main question you wish to answer?
• What are the methods you will use to conduct your research and interpret results?

To properly answer these questions you will need to conduct a thorough literature review of other related work that has been done and provide a detailed explanation of the methods you intend to use. A proposed timetable should also be included. Getting your suggestion approved is an important first step towards completing your requirements. If you aren’t sure how to write your document one alternative is to use the service we provide.

• FREE topic suggestion
• 100% original research
• Dedicated experts only

How Should Your Doc Be Formatted?

Every paper at this level will need to be written to a very specific academic style and to a fixed structure. This, however, can vary between different programs so it is always vital that you take the time at the start of the process to fully understand just what they expect from the best PhD in computer science. They will detail everything that they expect from the number of words that you should write through to how your references should be laid out. Often your supervisor will not only be able to provide you with clear guidance as to what those expectations are they will also be able to provide a template for your writing. Always ensure that you fully follow all of the requirements perfectly if you want your proposal to be accepted.

Best Writing Tips for Premium Topics

One of the most challenging tasks when writing the first PhD in computer science is deciding on the perfect topic for you. Given the vast scope of CS, it is crucial that the topic you choose for a research paper computer science is not only relevant to current issues but also something you are truly passionate about. When choosing your topic, avoid research topics in CS that are too complex, require extensive research or those that are previously done. Keep in mind that you have limited time to write your research paper which is why selecting the right research topics in CS is important to ensure its quality.

What Should Your Research Proposal Answer?

Your CS article is written so that your supervisor and other members of the faculty will be able to check that what you are proposing can actually be done with a good chance of success and that it will lead to you being awarded your doctorate. They will be wanting to see the answers to the following questions when they review your proposal:

• Have you selected an appropriate topic for your research: is it important in your field and is it an original idea for your work?
• Are your methods going to yield the expected results? They will want to see that you have chosen a methodology that is going to work and give you a large chance of a successful outcome.
• Is the idea that you have selected feasible: you should have a clear plan showing how long things will take and what resources you will require. Should your plan be considered expensive, overly ambitious, or simply unachievable then it may be rejected.
• That it can be supported: if the faculty has no expertise in the area of your proposed research or it outside of their aims then it may also be dismissed.

100% Winning with Expert Help

Do not hesitate to seek help online when you encounter problems with writing your paper. One of the best advantages of services is the availability of custom assistance which ensures that your research topics in CS are original and unique. You can have access to a large database of papers that will allow you to get ideas on the right research topics for you. Additional benefits of using our service include:

• Guarantees that the work we provide will be original, error-free, delivered on time and satisfy all of your requirements.
• Affordable rates that will be easy on your budget
• Fast and easy online order and payment process
• Kind staff accessible via e-mail or phone

Tips on Writing a Computer Science Research Proposal

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Writing a research proposal in any discipline is a real challenge, but writing a computer science research proposal requires not only theoretical knowledge and the ability to dig in literature, but also practical experience and relevant background. It is only normal if you feel stuck just beginning to compose your research proposal. Along with the guidelines received from your professor and rules from textbooks, you can benefit from these expert tips written by expert academic writers at WriteMyPaperHub.com academic writing company . Use them to get started and keep going.

Clarity the Problem You Address

The basic idea is to find a field in Computer Science which was previously underestimated or not researched enough. Seeing this field, you need to identify a problem that evolves from this field being not studied enough or an issue that will be solved if you do proper research in this field. It is better if you find at least several problems in one area and present them to your professor or supervisor. He or she will choose one with you, and you can start working on it. Though in the research proposal the problem statement is not the first part of the paper, without deciding on it, you should not start writing at all, or it can all be gone in vain. Sometimes, it is not obligatory to confirm your problem statement with your professor or supervisor, but we strongly recommend to do it to share vision as well as responsibility for the chosen research direction. Someone would say that it sounds like manipulation, but we are sure it is just about efficiency.

Write a Detailed Research Plan

Writing a plan is boring, and it takes too much time, so students often tend to skip this step and go directly to writing. Unfortunately, this approach just doesn’t work. You need to write a thorough plan and confirm it with your professor or supervisor. Without a plan, you will get stuck too often, not knowing what to do next. Being stressed about it, you will start procrastinating, feeling that you don’t have enough progress you will get even more stressed. Lots of computer science research proposals were not submitted on time (or at all!) due to this circle of stress and procrastination. To avoid it, you need a detailed plan. In this case, even if something goes wrong, you always know where to pick up. There are two plans — the one you present to your professor, and the one you use for yourself. Think about yourself as about a manager of this computer science research project and write a plan considering risks, limitations, and strengths.

Elaborate On Research Methods

Unlike in many other disciplines, in Computer Science, methods often exist in the form of algorithms, and you need to prove why the chosen algorithms are the best for the particular research and problem in question. Most probably, you will use combined methods — one classical, and one or two specific for Computer Science. Sometimes, this part should also include time for completion and even budget, if you submit your research proposal as an admission document for grant or scholarship. Don’t overestimate your abilities to write fast and don’t underestimate the costs.

Just Know It’s Going to Be Better

Maybe this point sounds silly, but it is essential to know it. You need to remember, that writing a research proposal for the first time is always challenging, for everyone, not only for you. If you get stuck, it doesn’t mean you are not good enough, or you’ve chosen a wrong path, or you should do something else. More of it, writing a research proposal is often harder than doing research and writing a research report itself. When dealing with a proposal, you have to plan everything in advance, decide on a problem, write a problem (thesis) statement, choose literature, confirm every step, decide on methods, etc. Later you will use this preparation work for your more important papers, such as thesis or dissertation. Think in advance about hardships and come up with some small motivating treats for yourself.

When you are done with writing the main parts, start making formatting and checking your text with grammar and spelling checkers and anti-plagiarism software. Students often overestimate the amount of time they need to write research proposals and don’t have enough time in the end to make final check-ups. Make it a rule to check every 2-3 written pages gradually, and you will both improve your writing skills, rest a little, and make sure when the deadline becomes scarily close, almost entire paper is perfectly formatted and checked for mistakes and plagiarism. Following your plan and thinking in advance will lead you through this challenging period of writing a computer science research proposal. Good luck!

About Author

Bob Buskirk

About 10 years of computer experience. Been messing around with electronics since I was 5, got into computers when I was in highschool, been modding them ever since then. Very interested in how things work and their design.

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Computer Science PhD Proposal Guidance is a grab service that focuses on every scholar’s PhD works. Each and every research work is a close watch in today’s scholar’s work. Due to the high familiar rate of the computer science field, we assign an enormous rate of experts.

Without a doubt, you acquire a complete proposal

As a PhD scholar, you must have more restraint than others while constructing the research. Of course, the crucial restraint for the present scholars is a topic selection. In truth, we know your concern in a principled way. Get complete support to implement your research work, computer science PhD proposal guidance from experts covering below mentioned various domain topics.

OUR ELECTRIFYING TOPICS FOR YOUR PROPOSAL

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How to catch-up on your proposal in Computer Science?

Don’t miss a more quantity of topics (1000+), prefer yours quickly with us. We suggest you a gilt-edge topic for your whole PhD via computer science PhD proposal guidance . Your proposal will assign to the ‘Field Expert Team’ at the end of your topic selection.

Even if someone thefts your work, then there is no matter create it by an expert…

In this team, you simply tell all your desires for writing a proposal. According to your needs, our team will make pleasing the eye proposal for your research. We isolate from other service platforms. So you can easily find a change from us.

OUR ONE-OFF COMPUTER SCIENCE PHD PROPOSAL GUIDANCE

• First: Topic preference
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• and also Connecting it with the research objective
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In the same fashion, we designed our other services, such as system development, paper writing, etc. You don’t wait for the chance but create it. Our experts are versatile who are proficient at many things.

Join With Us. We will be the creators of your research destiny in your PhD!!!

MILESTONE 1: Research Proposal

Finalize journal (indexing).

Before sit down to research proposal writing, we need to decide exact journals. For e.g. SCI, SCI-E, ISI, SCOPUS.

Research Subject Selection

As a doctoral student, subject selection is a big problem. Phdservices.org has the team of world class experts who experience in assisting all subjects. When you decide to work in networking, we assign our experts in your specific area for assistance.

Research Topic Selection

We helping you with right and perfect topic selection, which sound interesting to the other fellows of your committee. For e.g. if your interest in networking, the research topic is VANET / MANET / any other

Literature Survey Writing

To ensure the novelty of research, we find research gaps in 50+ latest benchmark papers (IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, MDPI, Hindawi, etc.)

Case Study Writing

After literature survey, we get the main issue/problem that your research topic will aim to resolve and elegant writing support to identify relevance of the issue.

Problem Statement

Based on the research gaps finding and importance of your research, we conclude the appropriate and specific problem statement.

Writing Research Proposal

Writing a good research proposal has need of lot of time. We only span a few to cover all major aspects (reference papers collection, deficiency finding, drawing system architecture, highlights novelty)

MILESTONE 2: System Development

Fix implementation plan.

We prepare a clear project implementation plan that narrates your proposal in step-by step and it contains Software and OS specification. We recommend you very suitable tools/software that fit for your concept.

Tools/Plan Approval

We get the approval for implementation tool, software, programing language and finally implementation plan to start development process.

Pseudocode Description

Our source code is original since we write the code after pseudocodes, algorithm writing and mathematical equation derivations.

Develop Proposal Idea

We implement our novel idea in step-by-step process that given in implementation plan. We can help scholars in implementation.

Comparison/Experiments

We perform the comparison between proposed and existing schemes in both quantitative and qualitative manner since it is most crucial part of any journal paper.

Graphs, Results, Analysis Table

We evaluate and analyze the project results by plotting graphs, numerical results computation, and broader discussion of quantitative results in table.

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For every project order, we deliver the following: reference papers, source codes screenshots, project video, installation and running procedures.

MILESTONE 3: Paper Writing

Choosing right format.

We intend to write a paper in customized layout. If you are interesting in any specific journal, we ready to support you. Otherwise we prepare in IEEE transaction level.

Collecting Reliable Resources

Before paper writing, we collect reliable resources such as 50+ journal papers, magazines, news, encyclopedia (books), benchmark datasets, and online resources.

Writing Rough Draft

We create an outline of a paper at first and then writing under each heading and sub-headings. It consists of novel idea and resources

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We must proofread and formatting a paper to fix typesetting errors, and avoiding misspelled words, misplaced punctuation marks, and so on

Native English Writing

We check the communication of a paper by rewriting with native English writers who accomplish their English literature in University of Oxford.

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We examine the paper quality by top-experts who can easily fix the issues in journal paper writing and also confirm the level of journal paper (SCI, Scopus or Normal).

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We at phdservices.org is 100% guarantee for original journal paper writing. We never use previously published works.

MILESTONE 4: Paper Publication

Finding apt journal.

We play crucial role in this step since this is very important for scholar’s future. Our experts will help you in choosing high Impact Factor (SJR) journals for publishing.

Lay Paper to Submit

We organize your paper for journal submission, which covers the preparation of Authors Biography, Cover Letter, Highlights of Novelty, and Suggested Reviewers.

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We upload paper with submit all prerequisites that are required in journal. We completely remove frustration in paper publishing.

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We track your paper status and answering the questions raise before review process and also we giving you frequent updates for your paper received from journal.

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When we receive decision for revising paper, we get ready to prepare the point-point response to address all reviewers query and resubmit it to catch final acceptance.

Get Accept & e-Proofing

We receive final mail for acceptance confirmation letter and editors send e-proofing and licensing to ensure the originality.

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Paper published in online and we inform you with paper title, authors information, journal name volume, issue number, page number, and DOI link

MILESTONE 5: Thesis Writing

Identifying university format.

We pay special attention for your thesis writing and our 100+ thesis writers are proficient and clear in writing thesis for all university formats.

Gathering Adequate Resources

We collect primary and adequate resources for writing well-structured thesis using published research articles, 150+ reputed reference papers, writing plan, and so on.

Writing Thesis (Preliminary)

We write thesis in chapter-by-chapter without any empirical mistakes and we completely provide plagiarism-free thesis.

Skimming & Reading

Skimming involve reading the thesis and looking abstract, conclusions, sections, & sub-sections, paragraphs, sentences & words and writing thesis chorological order of papers.

Fixing Crosscutting Issues

This step is tricky when write thesis by amateurs. Proofreading and formatting is made by our world class thesis writers who avoid verbose, and brainstorming for significant writing.

Organize Thesis Chapters

We organize thesis chapters by completing the following: elaborate chapter, structuring chapters, flow of writing, citations correction, etc.

Writing Thesis (Final Version)

We attention to details of importance of thesis contribution, well-illustrated literature review, sharp and broad results and discussion and relevant applications study.

How PhDservices.org deal with significant issues ?

1. novel ideas.

Novelty is essential for a PhD degree. Our experts are bringing quality of being novel ideas in the particular research area. It can be only determined by after thorough literature search (state-of-the-art works published in IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, ACM, ScienceDirect, Inderscience, and so on). SCI and SCOPUS journals reviewers and editors will always demand “Novelty” for each publishing work. Our experts have in-depth knowledge in all major and sub-research fields to introduce New Methods and Ideas. MAKING NOVEL IDEAS IS THE ONLY WAY OF WINNING PHD.

2. Plagiarism-Free

To improve the quality and originality of works, we are strictly avoiding plagiarism since plagiarism is not allowed and acceptable for any type journals (SCI, SCI-E, or Scopus) in editorial and reviewer point of view. We have software named as “Anti-Plagiarism Software” that examines the similarity score for documents with good accuracy. We consist of various plagiarism tools like Viper, Turnitin, Students and scholars can get your work in Zero Tolerance to Plagiarism. DONT WORRY ABOUT PHD, WE WILL TAKE CARE OF EVERYTHING.

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We intended to keep your personal and technical information in secret and it is a basic worry for all scholars.

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CONFIDENTIALITY AND PRIVACY OF INFORMATION HELD IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE AT PHDSERVICES.ORG. WE HONEST FOR ALL CUSTOMERS.

4. Publication

Most of the PhD consultancy services will end their services in Paper Writing, but our PhDservices.org is different from others by giving guarantee for both paper writing and publication in reputed journals. With our 18+ year of experience in delivering PhD services, we meet all requirements of journals (reviewers, editors, and editor-in-chief) for rapid publications. From the beginning of paper writing, we lay our smart works. PUBLICATION IS A ROOT FOR PHD DEGREE. WE LIKE A FRUIT FOR GIVING SWEET FEELING FOR ALL SCHOLARS.

5. No Duplication

After completion of your work, it does not available in our library i.e. we erased after completion of your PhD work so we avoid of giving duplicate contents for scholars. This step makes our experts to bringing new ideas, applications, methodologies and algorithms. Our work is more standard, quality and universal. Everything we make it as a new for all scholars. INNOVATION IS THE ABILITY TO SEE THE ORIGINALITY. EXPLORATION IS OUR ENGINE THAT DRIVES INNOVATION SO LET’S ALL GO EXPLORING.

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