write an essay on democracy and poverty class 9th

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 What is Democracy? Why Democracy? (Updated for 2021 – 22)

What is democracy why democracy class 9 notes social science civics chapter 2.

In the previous many years of examinations, significant importance has been given to the following topics from this chapter. The students are therefore asked to have a deep understanding as detailed answers (Long Answer Type) could be asked on these concepts.

• Meaning and Features of Democracy
• Importance of Democracy
• Alternatives to Democracy

What is Democracy? Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people.

• Myanmar where the army rules, Dictator Pinochet’s rule in Chile, or President Nkrumah’s rule in • Ghana was not democratic. They were not chosen by the people.
• Hereditary kings, like the king of Nepal or Saudi Arabia, are also not democratic rulers. They rule because they were born into noble families.

In a democracy final, decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people.

• In Pakistan, President Musharraf had the power to dismiss national and state assemblies; so the final powers rest with the army and the General himself. We cannot call it a democracy. Now Pakistan has an elected government.

Democracy must be based on a free and fair election where those currently in power have a fair chance of losing. For example, in Mexico elections have been held every six years since 1980. But the same party, PRI, has won the elections. Obviously, there has been rigging and malpractices, with freedom denied to the opposition. This is not what a democracy should be.

In a democracy, people’s will is ascertained by each adult citizen having one vote and each vote has one value. Democracy is based on the fundamental principle of political equality.

A democratic government rules within the limits set by constitutional and citizens’ rights.

• A democratic government cannot do what it likes after winning the elections. It has to respect certain basic rules and is accountable not only to the people but also to other independent officials.

The Pillars of Democracy are The Sovereignty of the people, Government based upon the consent of the government, Majority rule, Minority rights, Guarantee of basic human rights, Free and Fair elections, Equality before the law, Constitutional limits on government, Values of tolerance, Pragmatism, Cooperation and Compromise.

Why Democracy?

Points Against There has been a criticism of democracy by various people. The charges are that:

• It creates instability by changing its leaders frequently.
• Democracy is about power play and political competition. There is no scope for morality.
• So many people have to be consulted before any issue is resolved. It leads to delay.
• Elected leaders do not know the best interest of the people.
• It leads to corruption for it is based on electoral corruption.
• Ordinary people do not know what is good for them, so decision-making should not be left to them.

Alternative to Democracy To overcome political instability and legislative gridlock associated with democratic rule, expansions of executive power and limits on democratic freedoms are been looked for.

An exceptional example is that of Russia’s transition from unstable democracy in the 1990s to economic growth and political stability.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9th: What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Civics Social Studies (S.St)

Page No: 15 Exercises 1. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these. (a) Country A: People who do not accept the country’s official religion do not have a right to vote. (b) Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years. (c) Country C: Ruling party has lost in the last three elections. (d) Country D: There is no independent election commission. Answer (a) Undemocratic (b) Not sure (c) Democratic (d) Undemocratic 2. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these. (a) Country P: The parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the Chief of Army. (b) Country Q: The parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers  of the judiciary. (c) Country R: The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring  country. (d) Country S: All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change. Answer (a) Undemocratic (b) Democratic (c) Undemocratic (d) Undemocratic 3. Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why? (a) People feel free and equal in a democracy. (b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others. (c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people. (d) Democracies are more prosperous than others. Answer Option ‘D’ Democracies are more prosperous than others is not a good argument in favour of democracy as there are many countries such as Sri Lanka, India which opted for democracy but not prosperous where other countries such as China or Saudi Arabia which have communist and monarchy rule respectively are more prosperous. The prosperity of any country depends on the correct policies of the government. It also depends on the availibility of natural resources not with the form of government. Democracy can’t guarantee prosperity. Page No: 16 4. Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement. (a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO). (b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging was reported. (c) Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women. Answer (a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament – Democratic element to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO). – Undemocratic element (b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency – Democratic element large-scale rigging was reported – Undemocratic element (c) This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women. – Democratic element Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 percent. – Undemocratic element 5. Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country? (a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation. (b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country. (c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections. (d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion. Answer Option ‘d’ is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country. This is because practising a religion has nothing to do with preventing famine. 6. There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method? (a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life. (b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties. (c) Organising public meetings against government’s policies. (d) Paying money to government officials to get water. Answer Option ‘d’, which advocates paying the government officials money, is an undemocratic method. 7.Write a response to the following arguments against democracy. (a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore army should rule the country. (b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers. (c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders. Answer A democracy is  government elected by the people, from among the people themselves. The Army is integral in protecting the country, but it is not elected by the people; hence, it cannot form a democratic government. The second statement is not true as all people are intelligent to some extent. The third statement is dangerous because bringing religion into politics can cause serious conflict. 8. Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why? (a) Father to daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to. (b) Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom. (c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law. Answer (a) This statement of father is undemocratic as every adult has right to choose their life partner. The father does not have right to impose their choice on daughter. (b) This statement also is not under democratic setup. The student have right to ask question. This is undemocratic if his right is denied. (c) The third statement is democratic as it calls for a rule of law which is beneficial for the employees. 9. Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision. (a) All the citizens of the country have right to vote Elections are held regularly. (b) The country took loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for given loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health. (c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 percent people of the country. (d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders. (e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about government’s policies and protests. Answer (a) This is democracy as only democratic setup allow right to vote and also election at regular time period. (b) A democratic country has to look after the welfare of its people. The condition of reducing of expenses on health and education is against the welfare of the people. (c) In democracy, education is available in all languages as it basic right. Official language can be the language of majority of people. (d) In a democracy, people have right to express their opinion in peaceful manner. It is undemocratic behaviour. (e) This is undemocratic nature as in democracy freedom of press and media is must. If government own radio and television then freedom of press violated. Page No. 17 10. In 2004 a report published in USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country. Inequalities in income reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government. The report highlighted that: • If an average Black family earns $ 100 then the income of average White family is $ 162. A White family has twelve times more wealth than the average Black family. • In a President’s election ‘nearly 9 out of 10 individuals in families with income over $ 75,000 have voted. These people are the top 20% of the population in terms of their income. On the other hand only 5 people out of 10 from families with income less than $15,000 have voted. They are the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income. • About 95% contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives them opportunity to express their opinions and concerns, which is not available to most citizens. • As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their concerns – coming out of poverty, getting job, education, health care and housing for them. Politicians hear most regularly about the concerns of business persons and the rich.  Write an essay on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but using examples from India.

What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What does a candidate need before contesting elections in China? Answer: Approval of the Chinese Communist Party.

Question 2. In a democracy, the final decision must rest with those leaders or representatives who are _______ . Answer: Elected by the people

Question 3. What is peculiar with ZANU-PF? Answer: It has always won elections

Question 4. The one of the main features of a democratic government is that it rules within the limits set by the constitutional law above _______ . Answer: Citizen’s rights

Question 5. Why does a democratic government is a better government? Answer: Because it is more accountable form of government

Question 6. Democracy offers _______ . Answer: Dignity of citizens and principle of political equality

Question 7. Democracy cannot provide solution to all the problems, it is also a difficult form of government to implement. It is _______ . Answer: One of the weaknesses of democracy

Question 8. The major challenges to democracy are _______ . Answer: Economic equality among people and abolition of casteism from society.

Question 9. It is a system in which only those who are in power and their supporters are benefited, and excludes minorities and weaker sections. Answer: Dictatorship

Question 10. It Is a system under which military chief enjoys all the powers and suppress all the protests against him by the people. Answer: Military

Question 11. The strength of democracy is its ability to uphold the values for which it stands for. These values are _______ . Answer: Freedom, Equality and Justice

Question 12. Who led a military coup iirPakistan in 1999? Answer: Pervez Musharraf

Question 13. When did Zimbabwe attain independence and from whom? Answer: In 1980 from white minority rule

Question 14. In which period did China face one of the worst famines that have occurred in the world? Answer: China’s famine of 1958-1961 was the worst recorded famine in the world history.

Question 15. Democracy improves the quality of decision-making because Answer: Decisions are taken by consultation and discussion.

Question 16. What is the most common form of democracy in modern world? Answer: Representative Democracy

Question 17. Which body in the Indian political system is an example of direct democracy? Answer: Gram Sabha

Question 18. What is ZANU-PF? Answer: Political party of Zimbabwe

Question 19. Name the Chinese Parliament. Answer: The National People’s Congress

Question 20. Give a definition of democracy. Answer: Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people.

Question 21. What was the ‘Legal Framework Order’ passed by Pervez Musharraf in I August 2002? Answer: In August 2002, Musharraf issued a ‘Legal Framework Order’ that amended the Constitution of Pakistan. According to this Order, the President can dismiss the national and provincial assemblies.

Question 22. Name the country where women do not have the right to vote till 2015. Answer: Saudi Arabia

Question 23. Media is not independent in Zimbabwe. How? Answer: Television and radio are controlled by the government and give only the ruling party’s version. There are independent newspapers, but the government harasses those journalists who went against it.

Question 24. How can you say that China is not a democratic country? Answer: In China, the elections do not offer the people any serious choice. They must choose the ruling party and the candidates approved by it. That is why, we cannot say that China is a democratic country.

Question 25. What is the role of citizen in promoting democracy? Answer: In a democracy, every citizen should be able to play equal role in decision-making. For this the citizen not only needs an equal right to vote but also equal information, basic education, equal resources and a lot of commitment.

What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What are three features of democracy? Answer: Features of democracy are :

• Rulers elected by the people take all the major decisions;
• Elections offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers;
• This choice and opportunity is available to all the people on an equal basis;
• The exercise of this choice leads to a government limited by basic rules of the constitution and citizens’ rights. (Any three)

Question 2. Explain any three major political changes that took place recently in India’s neighbourhood. Answer:

• Pakistan-General Musharaf led a military coup.
• Nepal-In 2005, the new king dismissed the elected government.
• Iraq-Saddam Hussein’s regime was overthrown.

Question 3. How does democracy improve the quality of decision making? Answer: Democracy is based on consultation and discussion. A democratic decision always involves many persons, discussions and meetings. When a number of people put their heads together, they are able to point out possible mistakes in any decision. This takes time. But there is a big advantage in taking time over important decisions. This reduces the chances of rash or irresponsible decisions. Thus, democracy improves the quality of decision-making.

Question 4. How does democracy enhances the dignity of citizens? Answer: Even if democracy does not bring about better decisions and accountable government, it is still better than other forms of government. Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens. Democracy is based on the principle of political equality, on recognising that the poorest and the least educated has the same status as the rich and the educated. People are not subjects of a ruler, they are the rulers themselves. Even when they make mistakes, they are responsible for their conduct.

Question 5. How is democracy better than other forms of government? Answer:

• It is correct that democracy is better than other forms of government because it allows us to correct its own mistakes. There is no guarantee that mistakes cannot be made in democracy.
• No form of government can guarantee that. The advantage in a democracy is that such mistakes cannot be hidden for long.
• There is a space for public discussion on these mistakes. And there is a room for correction. Either the rulers have to change their decisions, or the rulers can be changed. This cannot happen in a non-democratic government.

Question 6. Democracy cannot get us everything and is not the solution to all problems. Than why are we interested in democracy? Answer:

• It is clearly better than any other alternative form that we know. It offers better | chances of a good decision and it is likely to respect people’s own wishes and allows different kinds of people to live together.
• Even when it fails to do some of these things, it allows a way of correcting its mistakes and offers more dignity to all citizens. That is why, democracy is considered the best form of government.

Question 7. What does ‘one person, one vote, one value’ mean? Name the countries who deny the equal right to vote. Answer: Democracy is based on a fundamental principle of political equality. In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value. Democracy is linked to the demand for Universal Adult Franchise. Yet, there are many instances of denial of equal right to vote.

• Until 2015, in Saudi Arabia, women did not have the right to vote.
• Estonia has made its citizenship rules in such a way that people belonging to Russian minority find it difficult to get the right to vote.
• In Fiji, the electoral system is such that the vote of an indigenous Fiji has more value than that of an Indian-Fijian.

Question 8. Is it correct that a democratic government cannot do whatever it likes? Explain. Answer:

• A democratic government cannot do whatever it likes because it has won an election. It has to respect some basic rules. In particular, it has to respect some guarantees to the minorities. Every major decision has to go through a series of consultations.

Every office bearer has certain rights and responsibilities assigned by the constitution and the law. Each of these is accountable not only to the people but also to other independent officials.

• A democratic government rules within limits set by constitutional law and citizens’ rights.

Question 9. Pakistan under the General Pervez Musharraf is not called a democracy. Why? Answer: Pakistan under the General Pervez Musharraf is not called a democracy because :

• The rulers are not elected by the people in Pakistan. People may have elected their representatives to the national and provincial assemblies but those elected representatives are not really the rulers.
• They cannot take the final decisions.
• The power to take final excision rests with army officials and with General Musharraf, and none of them are elected by the people.

Question 10. How popular governments can be undemocratic? Explain with an example. Answer: In Zimbabwe, since it attained independence in 1980, elections have been held regularly and always won by ZANU-Ph the party that led the freedom struggle. Its leader, President Robert Mugabe, is popular but also uses unfair practices in elections. His government has changed the constitution several times to increase the powers of the President and make him less accountable. Opposition party workers are harassed. Public protests and demonstrations against the government are declared illegal. There is a law that limits the right to criticise the President. Television and radio are controlled by the government and give only the ruling party’s version.

Question 11. Till 2000, Mexico was not a democratic country. Explain. Answer: In Maxico, people seemed to really have a choice but in practice they had no choice. There was no way the ruling party could be defeated, even if people were against it. These are not fair elections. But until 2000 every election was won by a party called PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party). ‘Opposition parties did contest elections, but never managed to win. The PRI was known to use many dirty tricks to win elections.

Question 12. What is the significance of the rule of law and respect for rights in democratic country? Answer: A democratic government cannot do whatever it likes, simply because it has won an election. It must respect some basic rules. It must respect some guarantees to the minorities. Every major decision has to go through a series of consultations.

Question 13. Explain any three differences between democratic country and non-democratic country. Answer: In a Democratic Country :

• Each adult citizen has a right to vote.
• Each vote has one value.
• Free and fair elections are held.

In a Non-democratic Country :

• Elections do not offer a choice and fair opportunity.
• Rulers are not elected by the people.
• The rulers have unlimited power.

What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 Extra Questions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. “Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts”. Discuss. Answer: Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts. In any society, people are bound to have differences of opinions and interests. These differences are particularly sharp in a country like ours which has an amazing social diversity. People belong to different regions, and have different languages, practise different religions and have different castes. They look at the world very differently and have different preferences. The preferences of one group can clash with those of other groups. Democracy provides the only peaceful solution to this problem. In democracy, no one is a permanent winner. No one is a permanent loser. Different groups can live with one another peacefully. In a diverse country like India, democracy keeps our country together.

Question 2. What are the various aspects of democracy? Answer: We may refer to three aspects of democracy—political, social and economic.

• Political Aspect: Political democracy requires “government by consent and political equality.” Democracy, as a form of government, implies that elections must be held with reasonable frequency. Moreover, there should be more than one political party competing for political power.
• Social Aspect: A democratic society is one in which an atmosphere of equality prevails. There should be no discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex. Every one should have equal access to shops, restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment. Our Constitution guarantees equality to every person before law.
• Economic Aspect: Political democracy will be a reality only when it is supported by economic democracy. The most stable democracies of the world are those which have extensive welfare schemes for the poor people.

Question 3. What are the merits of a democratic government? Answer: The merits of a democratic government are :

• A democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form of government.
• Democracy improves the quality of decision-making.
• Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts.
• Democracy enhances the dignity of citizens.
• It is better than other forms of government because it allows us to correct its own mistakes.

Question 4. Why has India not experiences a famine as severe as that of China in 1958-61? Answer: China’s famine of 1958-1961 was the worst recorded famine in the world history. Nearly three crore people died in this famine. During those days, India’s economic condition was not much better than China. Yet India did not have a famine of the kind China had. Economists think that this was a result of different government policies in the two countries.

The existence of democracy in India made the Indian government respond to food scarcity in a way that the Chinese government did not. They point out that no large-scale famine has ever taken place in an independent and democratic country. If China too had multiparty elections, an opposition party and a press free to criticise the government, then so many people may not have died in the famine.

Question 5. What are the drawbacks of a democracy. Answer: The following are the draw backs of a democracy :

• Leaders keep changing in a democracy. This leads to instability.
• Democracy is all about political competition and power play. There is no scope for morality.
• So many people have to be consulted in a democracy that it leads to delays.
• Elected leaders do not know the best interest of the people. It leads to bad decisions.
• Democracy leads to corruption for it is based on electoral competition.
• Ordinary people don’t know what is good for them; they should not decide anything.

Question 6. How far is it correct that no country has a perfect democracy? Answer: No country has a perfect democracy because :

• Every democracy has to try to realise the ideals of a democratic decision-making. This cannot be achieved once and for all. This requires a constant effort to save and strengthen democratic forms of decision-making. What we do as citizens can make a difference to making our country more or less democratic. This is the strength and the weakness of democracy: the fate of the country depends not just on what the rulers do, but mainly on what we, as citizens, do.
• This is what distinguished democracy from other governments. Other forms of government like monarchy, dictatorship or one party rule do not require all citizens to take part in politics.
• In fact, most non-democratic governments would like citizens not to take part in politics. But democracy depends on active political participation by all the citizens. That is why, a study of democracy must focus on democratic politics.

Question 7. Why did the Institutional Revolutionary Party in Mexico never lose any election till 2000? Answer: The Institutional Revolutionary Party in Mexico was very strong till 2000. There are many reasons behind it:

• Until 2000, every election was won by Institutional Revolutionary Party in Mexico. Opposition parties did contest elections, but never managed to win.
• All those who were employed in government offices had to attend its party meetings. Teachers of government schools used to force parents to vote for the PRI.
• Media largely ignored the activities of opposition political parties except to criticise them.
• Sometimes, the polling booths were shifted from one place to another in the last minute, which made it difficult for people to cast their votes.
• The PRI spent a large sum of money in the campaign for its candidates.

Question 8 What were the steps taken by Musharraf in Pakistan to empower himself? Answer: The following steps were taken by Musharraf in Pakistan to empower himself:

• In Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999. He overthrew a democratically elected government and declared himself the ‘Chief Executive’ of the country.
• Later, he changed his designation to President and in 2002, held a referendum in the country that granted him a five-year extension.
• In 2002, he issued a ‘Legal Framework Order’ that amended the Constitution of Pakistan. According to this Order, the President can dismiss the national or provincial assemblies.
• The power to take final decision rested with army officials and with General Musharraf.
• The work of the civilian cabinet was supervised by a National Security Council which was dominated by military officers.

What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 MCQs Questions with Answers

Choose the correct option:

Question 1. The word ‘Democracy’ comes from the Greek word – (a) Democracia (b) Demokratia (c) Demos (d) Kratia

Answer: (b) Demokratia

Question 2. The head of the government in Nepal is the: (a) President (b) Prime Minister (c) King (d) Vice President

Answer: (a) President

Question 3. In which case was the real power with external powers and not with the locally elected representatives? (a) India in Sri Lanka (b) US in Iraq (c) USSR in Communist Poland (d) Both (b) and (c)

Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)

Question 4. How many members are elected to the National People’s Congress from all over China? (a) 3050 (b) 3000 (c) 4000 (d) 2000

Answer: (b) 3000

Question 5. Which party always won elections in Mexico since its independence in 1930 until 2000? (a) Revolutionary Party (b) Mexican Revolutionary Party (c) Institutional Revolutionary Party (d) Institutional Party

Answer: (c) Institutional Revolutionary Party

Question 6. When did Zimbabwe attain independence and from whom? (a) 1970, from Black minority rule (b) 1880, from White minority rule (c) 1980, from Americans (d) 1980, from White minority rule

Answer: (d) 1980, from White minority rule

Question 7. which of these features is/are necessary to provide the basic rights to the citizens? (a) Citizens should be free to think (b) should be free to form associations (c) Should be free to raise protest (d) All the above

Answer: (d) All the above

Question 8. What is Constitutional Law? (a) Provisions given in the Constitution (b) Law to make Constitution (c) Law to set up Constituent Assembly (d) none of the above

Answer: (a) Provisions given in the Constitution

Question 9. Some of the drawbacks of democracy is (a) Instability and delays (b) corruption and hypocrisy (c) Politicians fighting among themselves (d) all the above

Answer: (d) all the above

Question 10. In which period did China face one of the worst famines that have occurred in the world? (a) 1932-36 (b) 1958-61 (c) 2001-2002 (d) 2004-2007

Answer: (b) 1958-61

Question 11. Democracy improves the quality of decision-making because (a) Decisions are taken by educated people (b) Decisions are taken by consultation and discussion (c) Decisions are taken over a long period of time (d) All decisions are approved by judiciary

Answer: (b) Decisions are taken by consultation and discussion

Question 12. The most common form that democracy takes in our time is that of (a) Limited democracy (b) representative democracy (c) Maximum democracy (d) none of the above

Answer: (b) representative democracy

Question 13. Which of these is an example of perfect democracy? (a) USA (b) UK (c) India (d) None of the above

Answer: (d) None of the above

Read the Cartoon (From the NCERT Textbook)

Answer: The cartoon is saying that democracy is being set up in Iraq with the help of the US and other foreign powers.

Democracy is being ridiculed in this cartoon. The way the word is written shows that it is not a true democracy because the real power is with some external powers and not with locally elected representatives. This cannot be called people’s rule.

Answer: The cartoon suggests the scene of booth capturing at gunpoint during elections. Yes, it applies to the Pakistani situation as well. Here, General Pervez Musharraf established army rule and controlled the elected representatives.

This could be applied in countries like China, Iraq, etc. Booth capturing remained an important feature of the Indian elections sometimes ago. But nowadays this rarely happens.

Answer: This cartoon suggests that elections cannot be held without money. Different political parties spend a lot of money during election period to win the election. The government also spend money profusely to conduct free and fair election.

Moneybags signify here that money is the real strength in democracy. Without it, it is difficult for a political party to exist or win in the election.

This cartoon can could be applied to India also. Whenever there is an election in the country, money is spent recklessly inspite of EC’s warnings.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics: Chapter 1 - What is Democracy? Why Democracy? (Social Science)

Check ncert solutions for cbse class 9 civics: chapter 1 -  what is democracy why democracy and prepare for cbse class 9 social science subject. .

Get NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 9 Civics: Chapter 1 -  What is Democracy? Why Democracy? and prepare for CBSE Class 9 Social Science subject. This chapter is the first chapter of Class 9 Civics subject and it is also one of the most important chapters. 

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics: Chapter 1-  What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

1. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.

a. Country A: People who do not accept the country’s official religion do not have a right to vote.

b. Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.

c .Country C: Ruling party has lost in the last three elections.

d. Country D: There is no independent election commission.

Country A: Undemocratic Country B: Not sure Country C: Democratic Country D: Undemocratic

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History (PDF) All Chapters: Social Science

2 Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.

a. Country P: The parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the Chief of Army.

b. Country Q: The parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary.

c. Country R: The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country.

d. Country S: All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change .

P   Undemocratic Q  Democratic R   Undemocratic S   Undemocratic

3. Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?

a. People feel free and equal in a democracy.

b. Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others.

c. Democratic government is more accountable to the people.

d. Democracies are more prosperous than others.

Option (d) because democratic countries like India & Sri Lanka are not as prosperous as countries monarchist countries like Saudi Arabia and communist country like China. The prosperity of a country depends on many other factors like the availability of natural resources, policies made by government etc.

4. Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement.

a. A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).

b. The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging was reported.

c. Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one third seats for women.

(a)  Democratic element − some laws have to be passed by the parliament. Undemocratic element − conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation. (b)  Democratic element − the Election Commission ordered re-polling. Undemocratic element − large scale rigging was reported. (c)  Democratic element − this led to women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women. Undemocratic element − women’s representation in the parliament has never reached 10 per cent.

5. Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country?

a. Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.

b. Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country.

c .Government fears its defeat in the next elections.

d. People are free to believe in and practise any religion.

Option (d) is not a valid reason it is because practising religion is not related to preventing famine.

6. There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method?

a. Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life.

b. Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.

c. Organising public meetings against government’s policies.

d. Paying money to government officials to get water.

The method mention in option (d) is not a democratic method because it advocates paying money to government officials and it is not acceptable in a democratic country.

7. Write a response to the following arguments against democracy:

a. Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore army should rule the country.

b. Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.

c. If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.

(a) The army is well disciplined but it not by the people, from among the people themselves. In a democratic country, the government is formed by the people, for the people and of the people.

(b)It is not necessary that wise people necessarily understand the problems of majority of people & their perspective of life. Most of the people have necessary intelligence to understand rules and regulations.

(c) Religion has nothing to do with politics and there is more probability of conflict between leaders from different relogion.

8. Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?

a. Father to daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to.

b. Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.

c. Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.

Statement (a) and (b) are are undemocratic. In (a), the girl is denied to decide her own life. In (b), the students is denied to clear his doubts by asking questions.  Statement (c) is democratic, as rules are being followed for the benefits of the person. 

9. Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision.

a. All the citizens of the country have right to vote. Elections are held regularly.

b. The country took loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for giving loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.

c. People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 percent people of that country.

d. Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders.

e. The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about government’s policies and protests.

Answer: 

a. It is a democracy as citizens are allowed to vote and choose their government. b. It is undemocratic as country seems to be under economic penalties and it means people of the country are not free to take economic decisions. c. It is undemocratic as half of the population of country can't have proper education as they don't have access to edcation in the language they understand.  d. It is undemocratic. In  a democratic country, individuals have right to assemble and demonstrate peacefully. e. It is undemocratic because government might suppress people's opinion through censorship. 

10. In 2004 a report published in USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country. Inequalities in income reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government. The report highlighted that:

- If an average Black family earns $ 100 then the income of average White family is $ 162. A White family has twelve times more wealth than the average Black family.

- In a President’s election ‘nearly 9 out of 10 individuals in families with income over $ 75,000 have voted. These people are the top 20% of the population in terms of their income. On the other hand only 5 people out of 10 from families with income less than $ 15,000 have voted. They are the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income.

- About 95% contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives them opportunity to express their opinions and

concerns, which is not available to most citizens.

- As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their concerns – coming out of poverty, getting job, education, health care and housing for them. Politicians hear most regularly about the concerns of business persons and the rich.

Write an essay on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but using examples from India.

To be attempted by students as there is no unique answer.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 Questions and Answers Provided helps you to answer complex Questions too easily. You can use them while preparing for board exams and all of them are given by subject experts. Reading NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 What is Democracy? Why Democracy? familiarizes you with the kind of questions appearing in the board exams. Students are advised to read these solutions on a regular basis to score well.

What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 2

Make your learning experience enjoyable by preparing from the quick links available on this page. Use the Class 9 SST Civics Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions and get to know different concepts involved. All the Solutions are covered as per the latest syllabus guidelines. Knowing the NCERT Class 9 Civics Chapter 2 Questions and Answers helps students to attempt the exam with confidence.

What is Democracy? Why Democracy? NCERT Intext Questions and Answers

Question 1. I have heard a different version. Democracy is off the people, far (from) the people and(where they) buy the people. Why don’t we accept that? Answer: When people define democracy in this way, it shows only their hopelessness and frustration. To some extent they are right, we have seen that in some cases democracy does not serve the purpose because it has nothing to do with the welfare of the people. Candidates buy votes by dint of their money and muscle power. But we should not be hopeless. There are exceptions too. So we don’t need to give much attention to the above definition of democracy. Democracy has always been a better government than other forms of government. It gives people basic political rights and freedom of expression.

Question 2. All this is so remote for me. Is democracy all about rulers and governments? Can we talk about a democratic classroom? Or a democratic family? Answer: Democracy is not all about rulers and governments. Democracy is a principle that can be applied to any sphere of life. We can have democratic classrooms where teachers give students the freedom of asking questions without hesitation or fear, where a good interaction takes place between teachers and students, where teachers instead of creating panic among students maintain pleasant environment in the classroom.

Democracy can be seen in families also. We can have democratic families where parents or elders do not impose their decisions on their children or younger members. All the family members should sit down and arrive at a common consensus. Children’s opinion should matter as much as their parents’. In this way, democracy can be applied everywhere.

Question 3. Why talk about Zimbabwe? In read similar reports from many parts of our own country? Why don’t we discuss that? Answer: Zimbabwe gained independence in 1980. Since then the country has been ruled by Robert Mugabe. Elections have been held regularly and always won by his party named ZANU-PF. President Mugabe is popular no doubt but he also uses unfair practices in elections. Over the years his government has changed the Constitution several times to increase the powers of the President and make him less accountable.

There are independent newspapers by the government harasses those journalists who go against it. The example of Zimbabwe shows that popular approval of the rulers is necessary in a democracy, but it is not sufficient. Popular governments can be undemocratic. Popular leaders can be autocratic. A democratic government is not expected to do whatever it likes, simply because it has won the election. It has to respect some basic rules.

Whatever is going on in Zimbabwe under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, is not limited to that country only. Similar reports are heard in our country also. Whenever elections are held some candidates with criminal backgrounds try to use unfair means to make their position safe. Sometimes violence and money power are also used in elections. However, the number of such incidents are decreasing as elections are becoming fairer.

Question 4. I want to be in Lyngdoh Madam’s class! That sounds like a democratic classroom. Doesn’t it? Answer: Lyngdoh Madam is of democratic temperament. In her classroom students can speak their own minds. They are free to put forth their arguments. Lyngdoh Madam warns the students not to accept something just because it is famous, just because everyone else accepts it. Students enjoy the teaching of such a teacher. So, the girl here wants to be in this teacher’s class.

Question 5. What would have happened of India was not a democracy? Could we have stayed together as a single nation? Answer: We would not have stayed together as a single nation of India was not a democracy. The prime reason is that India is a country of many diversities. People of different religions, languages, cultures live here. If there was no democracy then all the people could not have followed their religions and customs in their own way. In such a condition there was a fair chance of conflict between different religious and linguistic groups. Minorities would have been oppressed by the majority in the absence of democracy. It is only democracy that ensures protection to its citizens irrespective of their religion, caste, status, gender, etc. It also brings order in society and binds people together.

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Question 1. Ribiang went back home and collected some more famous quotations on democracy. This time she did not mention the names of the people who said or wrote these. She wants you to read these and comment on how good or useful these thoughts are: (a) Democracy gives every man the right to be his own oppressor. (b) Democracy consists of choosing your dictators after they’ve told you what you think it is you want to hear. (c) Man’s capacity for justice makes democracy possible, but man’s inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary. (d) Democracy is a device that insures we shall be governed no better than we deserve. (e) All the ills of democracy can be cured by more democracy. Answer: The first and second thoughts indicate the same point. They tell about those forms of government in which people have the right to choose their ruler without having options. It means that they are bound to elect the candidate only from the ruling party.

The third thought suggests that if man accepts justice, then democracy is possible, but if he follows injustice, democracy is necessary to ensure justice to others.

The fourth thought suggests that democracy can work in a better way if we are aware citizens and help in its functioning. The fifth thought suggests that if we want true democracy, we should work for the removal of all the ills that come in its way.

Question 2. Read these five examples of working or denial of democracy. Match each of these with the relevant features of democracy discussed above. Answer:

(i) (e),(ii) (c), (iii) (b), (iv) (a), (v)(d)

Question 3. Rajesh and Muzaffar read an article. It showed that no democracy has ever gone to war with another democracy. Wars takes place only when one of the two governments is non- democratic. The article said that this was a great merit of democracy. After reading the essay, Rajesh and Muzaffar had different reactions. Rajesh said that this was not a good argument for democracy. It was just a matter of chance. It is possible that in future democracies may have wars. Muzaffar said that it could not be a matter of chance. Democracies take decisions in such a way that it reduces the chances of war. Which of the two positions do you agree with and why? (i) – e (ii) – c (iii) – b (iv) – a (v) – d Answer: I do agree with Muzaffar’s position. Democracies take decisions in such a way that it reduces the chances of war. It provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts. That is why, it is considered the best form of government.

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 Civics

Ncert solutions for chapter 4 the age of industrialisation class 10 history, related chapters.

• Constitutional Design
• Electoral Politics
• Working of Institutions
• Democratic Rights

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• Revision Notes for Chapter 1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 Civics
• Important Questions for Chapter 1 What is Democracy? Why Democracy? Class 9 Political Science

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics Chapter 1 - What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

Q1. Here is some information about the four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries? Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these. (a) Country A: People who do not accept the country’s official religion do not have a right to vote. (b) Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years. (c) Country C: The Ruling party has lost in the last three elections. (d) Country D: There is no independent election commission. Ans: (a) Country A: Undemocratic

Reason:  This country is undemocratic because it does not grant equal voting rights to all its citizens. In a true democracy, every citizen, regardless of their religion, should have the right to vote.

(b) Country B: Not sure

Reason:  We cannot be sure if this country is democratic or undemocratic based solely on the information given. The same party winning elections for the last twenty years could simply mean that the party is popular and effective. However, if this party is maintaining power through corrupt means or manipulating the electoral process, then it would be undemocratic.

(c) Country C: Democratic

Reason:  This country is democratic because the ruling party has lost in the last three elections. This demonstrates that there are free and fair elections and a peaceful transfer of power, which are hallmarks of a democratic system.

(d) Country D: Undemocratic

Reason:  This country is undemocratic because it lacks an independent election commission. This could potentially lead to election fraud or manipulation by the ruling party, undermining the democratic process.

Q2. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.  (a) Country P: The parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the Chief of Army. (b) Country Q: The parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary. (c) Country R: The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country (d) Country S: All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change. Ans: (a) Country P: Undemocratic

Reason:  Country P is classified as undemocratic because in a democratic system, the military is under civilian control and does not have the power to veto or influence legislation. This country's arrangement gives the Chief of Army a level of power that may undermine the democratic process.

(b)  Country Q: Democratic

Reason : Country Q is classified as democratic because in a democratic system, the judiciary is independent and its powers cannot be reduced by the parliament. This is to ensure checks and balances among different branches of government.

(c) Country R: Undemocratic

Reason : Country R is classified as undemocratic because in a democratic system, the country’s leaders have the autonomy to make decisions that are in the best interest of their country, including signing treaties with other nations. Requiring permission from a neighboring country undermines this autonomy.

(d) Country S: Undemocratic

Reason:  Country S is classified as undemocratic because in a democratic system, major economic decisions should be made by elected officials who are accountable to the public, not by officials of the central bank who are not elected and cannot be held accountable by the public. This arrangement could lead to decisions that do not reflect the will of the people.

Q3. Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why? (a) People feel free and equal in a democracy. (b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others. (c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people. (d) Democracies are more prosperous than others. Ans:  (d) Option 'D' Democracies are more prosperous than others is not a good argument in favour of democracy as there are many countries such as Sri Lanka, India which opted for democracy but not prosperous where other countries such as China or Saudi Arabia which have communist and monarchy rule respectively are more prosperous. The prosperity of any country depends on the correct policies of the government. It also depends on the availibility of natural resources not with the form of government. Democracy can't guarantee prosperity.

Q4. Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement. (a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO). (b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging was reported. (c) Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women. Ans: (a) Democratic element – A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament. Undemocratic element – Conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).

(b) Democratic element – The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency. Undemocratic element –  Large-scale rigging was reported.

(c) Democratic element – Women’s organisations to demand one-third of seats for women. Undemocratic element – Women’s representation in parliament has barely reached 10 per cent.

Q5. Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country? (a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation. (b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country. (c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections. (d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion.  Ans:  (d)   People are free to believe in and practice any religion.

Reason:  Option ‘d’ is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country. This is because practising religion has nothing to do with preventing famine.

Q6. There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method? (a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life. (b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties. (c) Organising public meetings against government’s policies. (d) Paying money to government officials to get water.  Ans:  (d) Paying money to government officials to get water.

Reason:  Option ‘d’, which advocates paying the government officials money, is an undemocratic method.

Q7. Write a response to the following arguments against democracy: (a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore army should rule the country. (b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers. (c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders. Ans:  (a)  

• If the army is allowed to rule the country, it will lead to the concentration of all powers in the army. Power should be divided among the three organs of the government i.e., legislature, executive and judiciary. 
• The concentration of all powers with the army will lead to dictatorship Example: Pinochet’s rule in Chile.
• Democracy is a form of government where all adults have the right to vote. 
• Restricting people to rule and govern only from minority having 'wise people' would harm representational democracy.
• Politics and religion are two different fields. Religion takes us towards spirituality by teaching us what is good or bad. 
• The combination of religion and politics leads to communalism or communal politics which is very dangerous.

Q8. Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why? (a) Father to daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to. (b) Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom. (c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law. Ans: (a) Undemocratic as this statement is not in keeping with the democratic value of individual freedom and the right to express one's opinion. In a democracy, everyone has the right to participate in decision-making processes that affect their lives. This includes decisions about personal matters such as marriage. In this case, the father is denying his daughter the right to express her opinion about her own marriage, which is undemocratic. (b) Undemocratic  as this statement is also not in keeping with the democratic value of open dialogue and the free exchange of ideas. In a learning environment, students should be encouraged to ask questions and engage in discussions. This promotes critical thinking, a key component of democratic societies. By refusing to entertain questions, the teacher is undermining the democratic principle of open dialogue. (c) Democratic  as this statement is in line with democratic values. The employee is asserting their right to fair working conditions, which is a fundamental right in a democracy. They are calling for the implementation of the law, which is a democratic process. This shows respect for the rule of law, a key feature of a democratic society. Q9. Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision. (a) All the citizens of the country have right to vote. Elections are held regularly (b) The country took loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for giving loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health. (c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 percent people of that country. (d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders. (e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about government’s policies and protests. Ans: (a) From this statement, we can understand that it is a democratic country where citizens are allowed to vote and choose their government. (b) While taking a loan from international agencies, the country is compromising on the welfare of the people by reducing their expenditure on education and health, which is totally undemocratic. (c)  The provision of making education accessible in only one language is undemocratic. It is the fundamental right for people to have an education, and it is the government’s duty to provide them with the language they know. (d)  The right to assemble and peacefully demonstrate is a basic right of an individual. Hence, arresting the protestors is undemocratic. (e)  When the government owns the radio and television, it is debarring people from availing their right to a free press. It is undemocratic.

Q10. In 2004 a report published in USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country. Inequalities in income reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government. The report  highlighted that:

• If an average Black family earns $ 100 then the income of average White family is $ 162. A White family has twelve times more wealth than the average Black family.
• In a President’s election, ‘nearly 9 out of 10 individuals in families with income over $ 75,000 have voted. These people are in the top 20% of the population in terms of their income. On the other hand, only 5 people out of 10 from families with income less than $ 15,000 have voted. They are in the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income.
• About 95% of the contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives the opportunity to express their opinions and concerns, which is not available to most citizens.
• As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their concerns – coming out of poverty, getting the job, education, health care and housing for them. Politicians hear most regularly about the concerns of business persons and the rich.

Write an essay on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but using examples from India. Ans:

• Poverty and Democracy highlights an important, complicated relationship between the two. It points out how fundamental rights of democracy are given to the elite section, but the poor are still being deprived of.
• The pitfalls like chronic capitalism, unequal opportunities have widened the gap between the poor and rich. Rich are getting richer while the poor are getting poorer. The rich are influencing government policies. The social power among the citizens is unbalanced, which violate the fundamental principles of democracy.
• Poverty has become a powerful threat. Political parties are run by the money of the riches. That’s why these parties show apathy towards the needs of the poor. Artificial glitters of the modern industry, skyscrapers cannot hide the prevailing unhygienic dwellings of the poor.
• Democracy is based on the principle of political equality on recognizing that the poorest and the least educated have the same status as the rich and the educated. Under such biased and pro-rich conditions, a nation can’t be democratic for a long time. Sooner or later, it will lead to conflicts for the betterment of democracy .

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 What is democracy? Why Democracy? Questions and Answers

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics Chapter 1, “What is Democracy? Why Democracy?” provide comprehensive answers to questions, shedding light on the fundamentals of democracy and its significance. Students delve into the concepts of governance, representation, and citizen participation. These solutions foster a deep understanding of democratic principles, helping students appreciate the importance of democracy in ensuring justice, equality, and accountability in society. With NCERT solutions, Class 9 students can develop a strong foundation in civics and political awareness.

WHAT IS DEMOCRACY? WHY DEMOCRACY? Questions and Answers Class 9

Q1. Here is some information about the four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries? Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.

• Country A:  People who do not accept the country’s official religion do not have a right to vote.
•  Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.
•  Country C: The ruling party has lost in the last three elections.
• Country D: There is no independent election commission.

a) Country A:- Undemocratic

b) Country B:- Not sure

c) Country C:- Democratic

d) Country D:- Undemocratic

Q2. Here is some information about the four  countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries? Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.

• Country P: The parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of a Chief of Army.
•  Country Q:  The parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary.
• Country R: The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country.
•  Country S:  All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change.

a) Country P:- Undemocratic

b) Country Q:- Democratic

c) Country R:- Undemocratic

d) Country S:- Undemocratic

Q3. which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?

•  People feel free and equal in a democracy.
• Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others.
•  Democratic government is more accountable to the people.
•  Democracies are more prosperous than others.

Answers:- D) is not a good argument in favour of democracy because the prosperity of a country depends on the policies made by the government, the natural resources of the country etc.

For example, India doesn’t have monarchist countries like Saudi Arabia and the communist like China. India is not as prosperous as some countries.

Q4. Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement.

• A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organization (WTO).
•  The Election commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging was reported.
•  Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10per per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third of the seats for women.

Answers:- a) A minister said that some laws have passed by the parliament = Democratic element.

regulations decided by the World Trade Organization (WTO) = Undemocratic element

b) The Election commission ordered re-polling in a constituency = Democratic element

large- scale rigging was reported = Undemocratic element

c) Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10per per cent = Undemocratic element

This led women’s organisations to demand one- of third seats for women = a Democratic element

Q5. Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country?

• Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.
•  The free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country.
•  The government fears its defeat in the next elections.
•  People are free to believe in and practise any religion.

Answers:- D) ‘People are free to believe in and practise any religion is not a valid reason.

Q6. There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their needs. Which Is this not a democratic method?

•  Filling a case in the courts claiming that water is part of the right to life.
•  Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.
•  Organizing public meetings against the government’s policies.
•  Paying money to government officials to get water.

Answers:- D) is not a democratic method.

Q7. Write a response to the following arguments against democracy:

•  The Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore the army should rule the country.
• The rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.
•  If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.

Answers:- a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free but is not chosen by the people, They are from among the people but the government made in a democratic country is chosen by the people and for the people.

b) It is not necessary that wise people will understand all the problems of the people and give the solution for the problem, some people have their own way to understand and give the solution their intelligence can understand rules and regulations and can rule wisely.

c) Religion is a very different matter than politics, they are two different matters. If religious leaders will rule the country there will be many chances of conflict between two leaders and their conflict can affect the whole country.

Q8. Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?

•   Father to daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to.
• Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.
•  Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.

Answers:- a) No, it is not in keeping with democratic values because in the above statement the daughter doesn’t have a right to decide or Deny the decision that is made for her life. In democratic countries, everyone has a right to decide about their personal life.

b) No, it is not in keeping with democratic values because in the above statement the student doesn’t have a right to ask the doubt to teacher and doubt can affect the whole concept that the student is understanding. It is the responsibility of the teacher to clear all the doubts coming into the student’s mind.

c) No, it is not keeping up with democratic values because in the above statement the employee has to work more than the time set by the law. And it is against the law to make the employee work for extra time.

Q9.  Consider the following facts about the country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision.

• All the citizens of the country have the right to vote. Elections are held regularly.
• The country took loans from international agencies. One of the conditions for giving a loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.
•  People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 per cent of people in that country.
• Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose the policies. The government has arrested these leaders.
• The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about the government’s policies and protests.

Answers:- a) Yes, we will call it a democracy because in a democratic country everyone has a right to vote and choose the government and the election should be held regularly so that if the government is not solving the problem by the people, the people can choose the other government to treat them better.

b) No, we will not call it a democracy because it shows that the country’s economic condition is not well and reducing the education and health of the people is against the welfare of people.

c) No, we will not call it a democracy because education is available in all languages. It shows that half of the people in that country are uneducated because education is available only in one language.

d)  No, we will not call it a democracy as in democratic countries everyone has the right to express and speak, in this case, the people are expressing their thoughts in a peaceful manner and arresting them is an Undemocratic decision.

e) No, we will not call it a democracy because the Government is forcing them to show all the positive things about them in the democratic country. The press and media are given the right to show both the negative as well as positive things about the government.

Q10.  In 2004 a report published in the USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country. Inequalities in income are reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government.

The report highlighted that:

• If an average Black family earns $ 100 then the income of an average White family is $ 162. A White family has twelve times more wealth than the average Black family.
•  In a President’s election, nearly 9 out of 10 individuals in families with income over $ 75,000 have voted. These people are in the top 20% of the population in terms of their income. On the other hand, only 5 people out of 10 from families with incomes less than $ 15,000 have voted. They are in the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income.
• About 95% of the contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives them the opportunity to express their opinions and concerns, which is not available to most citizens.
• As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their concerns- coming out of poverty, getting jobs, education, health care and housing for them. Politicians hear most regularly about the concerns of business persons and the rich.

Write an essay on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but using examples from India.

Answers:- A democracy is taken from the Greek word dēmokratiā where dēmo means people and Kratos means a rule. It is a system in which the government of the country is elected by the people and for the people and it provides people many rights like the right to express themselves, the right to vote etc.

A democratic country is a country where all the people have the right to express their opinions on decisions taken by the government. So India is a democratic country where the government is chosen by the people and people have all the rights that a democratic country should have.

Poverty is a condition in which a person or community lacks the financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living. Poverty means that the income level of employees is so low that basic human needs can’t be met.

In India, there is so much poverty that people also can’t afford 2 meals a day. India has the pride of largest democratic country in the world.

• In India, the wages for black and white people are the same. There is no inequality between them but in India, there is very much inequality between rich and poor people. The rich people are getting wealthier and the poor people are getting poorer.
• In India, Every single person has the right to vote whether they are wealthier or poorer. Here, the richer people vote very often. They are not very concerned about politics but the normal people do vote because the decision taken by the government will affect them more. In India, there is inequality between the people with maximum and minimum income.
• In India, Every citizen has the right to express their opinions to the government. Here, the contribution to politics comes from both the rich and the normal. In India, rich people and normal people can give their opinions on political decisions.
• In India, normal people participate more than the richer people in politics. That’s why the government listens to the concerns and problems of richer as well as normal people but here also the poor people have to struggle to let the government hear the problem, they are facing and richer people just easily let the government know the problem. For poor people if the government knows the problem they will not take permanent action they will take temporary action so that they will cool down. Sometimes they just ignore it.

It is the sample of the essay that is given in paragraphs, read it and write the essay in your own language.

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Civics - Class 9

Democratic politics - i, chapter 1: what is democracy why democracy.

What is democracy? Why democracy? is the 1st chapter from NCERT Civics textbook of class 9. Here in this chapter, we will first start by discussing the introduction of the chapter, followed by the what is democracy why democracy questions and answers.

Introduction

Class 9 civics chapter 1 what is democracy why democracy NCERT Solutions gives students a clear understanding of our nation's democratic traditions. In earlier lessons, students must have learnt in previous classes and have already read about several forms of governance. Here, students will have a clear understanding of what democracy is and why it is necessary after reading this chapter. You can gain a better understanding of this subject by answering the chapter end exercise's questions. NCERT Solutions for what is democracy why democracy class 9 questions and answers has therefore been made available on Champstreet.

Intext Questions:

Question 1: i have heard a different version. democracy is off the people, far (from) the people and (where they) buy the people. why don’t we accept that.

Answer: In some cases, the democracy is off the people far (from) the people and (where they) buy the people. It means where the democracy does not belong to the people it is not for them but far away from them and where the democracy is not by the people but the candidates buy the votes with money. It means ideal democracy is still distant from reality. But we should not see these examples and be hopeless. These problems can be rectified with passage of time with proper usage of electronic media.

Question 2: Let us take Lyngdoh Madam seriously and try to write down the exact definition of some of the simple words that we use all the time: pen, rain and love. For example, is there a way of defining a pen that distinguishes it clearly from a pencil, a brush, a chalk or crayon. What have you learnt from this attempt? What does it teach us about understanding the meaning of democracy?

Answer: (i) From this conversation, I have learnt that by our simple thinking we can understand about any matter ourselves. We have to think about its meaning and evolve a definition. Each and every thing has some specific characteristics on the basis of how we can define that thing. (ii) We need a definition only when we come across a difficulty in the use of a word. We need a clear definition of democracy because there are different kinds of governments which are known as Democracy. Abraham Lincoln said that Democracy is a rule of the people, for the people and by the people. We must not accept the definition, just because everyone accepts it. We do not know if this is the best way of defining democracy, unless we think about it ourselves. After thinking about it we can say that democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people. This is a common basic feature of democracy.

Question 3: Ribiang went back home and collected some more famous quotations on democracy. This time she did not mention the names of the people who said or wrote these. She wants you to read these and comment on how good or useful these thoughts are: Democracy gives every man the right to be his own oppressor. Democracy consists of choosing your dictators after they’ve told you what you think it is you want to hear. Man’s capacity for justice makes democracy possible, but man’s inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary Democracy is a device that insures we shall be governed no better than we deserve. All the ills of democracy can be cured by more democracy.

Answer: The first and second points are about those forms of government in which the people can elect their ruler without having options. It means they have to elect the candidates chose by the ruling party. In the third thought, it suggests that if man is following justice, then democracy is possible. But when the man follows injustice, then democracy is necessary there to give justice to others. In the fourth thought, it suggests that there must be a balance between the form of government and our need. The main purpose of democracy is what it gives to its citizens. Democracy recognises our needs and enhances our dignity. In the last thought, there is a chance for modifying the features and characteristics of democracy as per our needs. There is no guarantee that mistakes cannot be made in democracy. The advantage is that there is a scope for correction through amendments. Either the rulers have to change their decisions or the rulers can be changed. In this way, the disadvantages of democracy can be corrected.

Question 4: This cartoon was drawn when elections were held in Iraq with the presence of US and other foreign powers. What do you think this cartoon is saying? Why is ‘democracy’ written the way it is?

• The cartoon is saying that democracy is being established in Iraq with the help of the US military power.

Question 5: Syria is a small west Asian country. The ruling Ba’ath Party and some of its small allies are the only parties allowed in that country. Do you think this cartoon could apply to China or Mexico? What does the crown of leaves on democracy signify?

Answer: (i) Yes, this cartoon could be applied to China, because there is one party rule in China. A candidate needs the approval of the Chinese communist party before contesting elections in China. So China is never a true democracy. Mexico has a multiparty system. Nationally there are three large political parties, viz, Institutional. Revolutionary Party (IRP), National Action Party (NAP), and Party of the Democratic Revolution (PDR). But until 2000 every election was won by the IRP. The IRP was used many cheating methods to win elections. So the cartoon can be applied to Mexico until 2000 election. But in 2006, election the PRI fell to third place behind both the PAN and the PRD. Now Mexico has a coalition government. (ii) Olive leaves represents peace. Crown of leaves means a circle of leaves that is worn on somebody's head as a sign of victory. This cartoon shows that democracy has won in some of the countries of the world in a peaceful way, but it is not accepted by all.

Question 6: This cartoon was drawn in the context of Latin America. Do you think it applies to the Pakistani situation as well? Think of other countries where this could apply? Does this happen sometimes in our country as well?

Answer: (i) The cartoon suggests the scene of booth capturing, an election malpractice with the gun. This can be applicable to the Pakistan. In Pakistan, General Musharraf with the help of army officials controlled the elected representatives. (ii) This could be applied in Iraq, China, etc. (iii) Booth capturing by the political hooligans happens sometimes in our country also.

Question 7: All this is so remote for me. Is democracy all about rulers and governments? Can we talk about a democratic classroom? Or a democratic family?

• Democracy is not only about rulers and governments. Democracy is a principle that can be applied to any sphere of life. A democratic decision involves consultation with and consent of all those who are affected by that decision. Democracy can be applied to any institution other than government where decision of everyone in that institution is equally valued.
• We can have democratic classrooms where the students can ask questions without hesitation. The teachers have a democratic temperament, so that the interaction is not a one-way traffic but a healthy two-way interaction.
• Democracy can be seen in families also. We could have democratic families where the decisions are not taken by any one individual and imposed on rest of the family members. All the family members should sit down and arrive at a general concensus through peaceful discussions.

Question 8: This cartoon was titled ‘Building Democracy’ and was first published in a Latin American publication. What do moneybags signify here? Could this cartoon be applied to India?

Answer: (i) At the time of election, the political parties in the fray spend a lot of money to win the election. Not only political parties, the government also spend a lot of money to conduct free and fair election. The cartoon suggests that we establish democracy with the help of money power. (ii) Yes, this cartoon could be applied to India.

Question 9: This cartoon is about the Iraqi election held after Saddam Hussein’s regime was overthrown. He is shown behind the bars. What is the cartoonist saying here? Compare the message of this cartoon with the first cartoon in this chapter.

Answer: (i) In this cartoon, cartoonist is telling us about the equality of the right to vote and equal value of vote given to each man. The quote said by the person jail shows that he is a dictator; he prefers the situation when he is the only man to decide any matter by his only vote. (ii) The main difference between the first cartoon in this chapter and this cartoon is that the first one suggests that the US army personnel are elevating the process to form a democracy in Iraq. But in this cartoon the message is that the democracy is already established.

Question 10: Why talk about Zimbabwe? I read similar reports from many parts of our own country. Why don’t we discuss that?

Answer: (i) The President of Zimbabwe is the head of the state of Zimbabwe. In 1987, Robert Mugabe becomes the president and he revises the Constitution to make himself Executive President. President Mugabe is popular but also uses unfair practices in elections. Opposition party workers are harassed, public protest and demonstration against the government are declared illegal, both print and electronic media are controlled by the government. The government has pressurised judges to give verdict in favour of the government. The example of Zimbabwe shows that popular approval of the rulers is necessary in a democracy, but it is not sufficient. A democratic government cannot do whatever it likes, simply because it has won the election. This is the reason for which Zimbabwe is discussed here. (ii) Our country is democratic and elections are by and large free and fair. However, sometimes we hear reports about use of unfair means, violence and money power in elections. These tactics (methods) are adopted by some candidates with criminal connections or criminal background. However, such cases are decreasing day by day.

Question 11: Chinese government blocked free flow of information on the internet by placing restrictions on popular websites like ‘Google’ and ‘Yahoo’. The image of tanks and an unarmed student reminds the reader of another major event in recent Chinese history. Find out about that event.

Answer: The cartoon reminds us of the Massacre in liananmen square in 1989. In April 1989, triggered by the death of Hu Yaobang, a liberal reformer mass gathering and protests took place in and around Tiananmen Square in Beijing. It was largely a student run demonstration which called for economic reform, freedom of the press and political liberalization. The Chinese government suppressed the protest brutally and forcefully. It was criticized by the international arena.

Question 12:

Question 13: I want to be in Lyngdoh Madam’s class! That sounds like a democratic classroom. Doesn’t it?

Answer: Yes, Lyngdoh Madam's classroom sounds like a democratic classroom. Here everybody can speak his own mind. The students are giving their own arguments passionately. They can express their opinions freely in front of others. Here two way interaction is allowed unlike one way traffic.

Question 14: This cartoon is from Brazil, a country that has long experience of dictatorship. It is entitled “The Hidden Side of Dictatorship”. Which hidden sides does this cartoon depict? Is it necessary for every dictatorship to have a hidden side? If possible, find this out about the dictators including Pinochet in Chile, Jaruzelski in Poland, Sani Abacha in Nigeria and Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines.

Answer: (i) The hidden side depicted by the cartoon is the brutal side to the dictator. Dictator like Hitler ordered mass killings, to eliminate 'undesirable' persons. Like Hitler many dictators killed the innocent people who were against their regime. (ii) No, it is not necessary for every dictatorship to have a hidden side. Because, if the dictator really wants to work for the betterment of people, he does not need to have a hidden side. (iii) (a) The revolt by the army took place in Chile on 11th September 1973 under General Augusto Pinochet in which President Salvador Allende was killed. Pinochet became the president the country and ruled it for the next 17 years. (b) Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski was the last communist leader Poland who was the head of the state from 1985 to 1990. He resigned from the power after the Polish Round table Agreement in 1989 that led to democratic elections in Poland. (c) General Sani Abacha was a Nigerian military dictator and politician. He was the defacto president of Nigeria from 1993 to 1998. His regime was tied to human rights violations and allegations of corruption. He hanged the famous social activist Ken Saro-Wiwa. He did not allow democratic process like elections in Nigaria. He was listed as the world's fourth most corrupt leader in recent history. (d) Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos was the president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He implemented wide-ranging) programs of infrastructure development and economic reform. However, his administration was marred by massive authoritarian, political repression and human rights violations. In the 2004, Global Transparency Report, Marcos appeared in the list of the world's corrupt leader. He was said to have amassed between $ 5 billion to $ 10 billion in his 21 years as President of Philippines.

Question 15: What would have happened if India was not a democracy? Could we have stayed together as a single nation?

Answer: No, we would have not stayed together as a single nation if India was not a democracy. India has multi-religious, multi-cultural and multi-linguistic population. If there was no democracy then all the people could not have followed their religion and customs with freedom and there would have been conflicts between different religious and linguistic groups where the minorities would have lived in fear and insecurity. But democracy provides the peaceful solutions to every problem. It provides the best method of dealing with differences and conflicts.

Question 16: This cartoon was published in Canada just before its parliamentary elections of 2004. Everyone, including the cartoonist, expected the Liberal party to win once again. When the results came, the Liberal Party lost the elections. Is this cartoon an argument against democracy or for democracy?

Answer: This cartoon is an argument for democracy. Because in democracy, the voters decide in favour of or against the ruling party. Although the cartoonist expected the Liberal Party to win, he criticized the Liberal Party which he could do only in a democracy form of government.

Question 17: Rajesh and Muzaffar read an article. It showed that no democracy has ever gone to war with another democracy. Wars take place only when one of the two governments is non-democratic. The article said that this was a great merit of democracy. After reading the essay, Rajesh and Muzaffar had different reactions. Rajesh said that this was not a good argument for democracy. It was just a matter of chance. It is possible that in future democracies may have wars. Muzaffar said that it could not be a matter of chance. Democracies take decisions in such a way that it reduces the chances of war. Which of the two positions do you agree with and why?

Answer: I, some how agree with Muzaffar's argument. In democracy, the decision is taken after discussion and keeping in view the welfare of the people. So, the chances of war are minimized in democracy, but we cannot say that it is not possible. Some wars were fought between two democracies like India and Pakistan, e.g., 'Kargil War' when both countries were democratic countries.

Question 18: This famous cartoon by R K Laxman comments on the celebrations of the fifty years of independence. How many images on the wall do you recognize? Do many common people feel the way the common man in this cartoon does?

Answer: (i) The images on the wall are the images of former Prime Ministers of India. They were Pt Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Gulzari Lal Nandu, Morarji Desai, Choudhary Charan Singh, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, VP Singh, Chandra Shekhar, Narasimhan Rao, Devegowda and A B Vajpayee . (ii) Yes, the common people feel the way the common man in this cartoon does. After 50 glorious years of Independence, the condition of the common man has changed very little. The claims and promises of the politicians became meaningless to the common man, so he fell asleep by hearing these again. It is a true picture of present situation of common man in a democracy like India.

Question 19: In my village the Gram Sabha never meets. Is that democratic?

Answer: The Gram Sabha should meet regularly to carry out its functions for the welfare of the people but if the Gram Sabha does not meet that would not be democratic, it would be undemocratic.

Question 20: Find out the total number of eligible voters in your assembly constituency and your parliamentary constituency. Find out how many people can fit into the largest stadium in your area. Is it possible for all the voters in your parliamentary or assembly constituency to sit together and have a meaningful discussion?

Answer: i) No of voters in my assembly constituency named Allagadda in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh state are 2,20,612 My Parliamentary constituency is Nandyala in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. No of voters here is 15,76,945. ii) Largest stadium nearby me is osmanis college ground in kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh state. It's strength is around 20,000 members. (iii) No, it is not possible. It is impossible for all the voters in my Parliamentary or Assembly Constituency to sit together and have a meaningful discussion. The large number of voters cannot sit together for taking a decision.

Question 1: Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.

(a) country a: people who do not accept the country’s official religion do not have a right to vote.

Answer: Undemocratic

(b) Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years

Answer: Not sure

(c) Country C: Ruling party has lost in the last three elections

Answer: Democratic

(d) Country D: There is no independent election commission

Question 2: here is some information about four countries. based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these., (a) country p: the parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the chief of army, (b) country q: the parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary, (c) country r: the country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country., (d) country s: all the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change., question 3: which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy why (a) people feel free and equal in a democracy (b) democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others (c) democratic government is more accountable to the people (d) democracies are more prosperous than others, question 4: each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. write out the two separately for each statement., (a) a minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the world trade organisation..

Answer: The fact that the laws need to be passed by the parliament is democratic, while conformation to the WTO regulations is undemocratic.

(b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large scale rigging was reported.

Answer: Re-polling is democratic, while rigging is undemocratic.

(c) Women’s representation in the parliament has never reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women.

Answer: Poor level of women’s representation is undemocratic, while the demand for one third seats is a progressive step towards more democracy.

Question 5: Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country? (a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation. (b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country. (c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections. (d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion.

Answer: (d) Paying money to government officials to get water.

Question 6: There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method? (a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life. (b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties. (c) Organising public meetings against government’s policies. (d) Paying money to government officials to get water

Question 7: write a response to the following arguments against democracy:, (a) army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. therefore army should rule the country..

Answer: Army officers are not elected by people and hence an army rule would be undemocratic.

(b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.

Answer: Democracy is based on the idea of universal adult franchise. Restricting the rulers from a small section comprising of ‘wise’ people would defeat the purpose of representational democracy.

(c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.

Answer: Religious leaders are not elected by people and hence a country should not be ruled by religious leaders.

Question 8: Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?

(a) father to daughter: i don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage.in our family children marry where the parents tell them to..

Answer: In this case, the daughter does not have the freedom of choice, hence this is undemocratic.

(b) Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.

Answer: The teacher may be involved in thinking about an important topic and hence is asking the student not to disturb her. It cannot be said with surety whether the teacher’s request is democratic or not.

(c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.

Answer: The employee is asking for a fundamental right and hence it is democratic.

Question:9 Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision.

(a) all the citizens of the country have right to vote. elections are held regularly..

Answer: Regular elections and universal adult franchise are two important features of a democracy and hence this is a democratic situation.

(b) The country took loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for giving loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.

Answer: An international agency should not interfere in the internal matters of a country. Hence this is undemocratic.

(c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 percent people of that country.

Answer: This is an example where majority view is being imposed and hence is undemocratic.

(d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nationwide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders.

Answer: Democratic government should provide the right to protest. The government is denying such right to its citizens and hence is undemocratic.

(e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about government’s policies and protests.

Answer: Freedom of media is very important for a democracy. This is an undemocratic example.

Question 10: In 2004 a report published in USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country. Inequalities in income reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government. The report highlighted that: If an average Black family earns $ 100 then the income of average White family is $ 162. A White family has twelve times more wealth than the average Black family. In a President’s election ‘nearly 9 out of 10 individuals in families with income over $ 75,000 have voted. These people are the top 20% of the population in terms of their income. On the other hand only 5 people out of 10 from families with income less than $15,000 have voted. They are the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income. About 95% contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives them opportunity to express their opinions and concerns, which is not available to most citizens. As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their concerns – coming out of poverty, getting job, education, health care and housing for them. Politicians hear most regularly about the concerns of business persons and the rich. Write an essay on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but using examples from India.

Answer: There is no denying fact that poverty has a direct and deep impact a democracy. Modern democracy is a form of government run by the rich section of society. The rich control the media and use it for their own benefit. Influence of the rich over politics is clearly visible in the countries like England, USA and India. In India, only rich can contest the election. The poor people are bought and sold. The poor cannot fight elections against the rich and get elected. As a result, the rich influence the government when it takes decisions about the policies. The government formed by the different politicians pays much attention to the interests of the business class and rich sections of the society. As poor people participate less in our Parliamentary democracy, their interests viz, education, employment, healthcare, housing problems etc are neglected. Our government has taken many Welfare Scheme like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), The Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), Indira Awaas Yajona (IAY) etc. But their implementation is far from satisfactory. Like USA and in India different political parties pay more attention to the concerns of the rich who contribute most of their funds.

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done 9th Social Science What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

question_answer 1) I have heard a different version. Democracy is off the people far (from) the people and (where they) buy the people. Why don't we accept that?

question_answer 2) Let us take Lyngdoh Madam seriously and try to write down the exact definition of some of the simple words that we use all the time: pen, rain and love. e.g., is there a way of defining a pen that distinguishes it clearly from a pencil, a brush, a chalk or crayon?    (i) What have you learnt from this attempt?   (ii) What does it teach no about understanding the meaning of democracy?  

question_answer 3) Ribiang went back home and collected some more famous quotations on democracy. This time she did not mention the names of the people who said or wrote these. She wants you to read these and comment on how good or useful these thoughts are   (i)Democracy gives every man the right to be his own oppressor.   (ii) Democracy consists of choosing your dictators after they, have told you what you think it is you want to hear.   (iii) Man's capacity for justice makes democracy possible, but man's inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary.   (iv) Democracy is a device that insures we shall be governed no better than we deserve.   (v) All the ills of democracy can be cured by more democracy.  

question_answer 7) All this is so remote for me.   (i) Is democracy all about rulers and governments?   (ii) Can we talk about a democratic classroom?   (iii) Or a democratic family?  

question_answer 10) (i) Why talk about Zimbabwe?   (ii) I read similar reports from many parts of our own country. Why don't we discuss that?  

question_answer 13) I want to be in Lyngdoh Madam's class! That sounds like a democratic classroom, doesn't it?  

question_answer 15) What would have happened if India was not a democracy? Could we have stayed together as a single nation?  

question_answer 17) Rajesh and Muzaffar read an article. It showed that no democracy has ever gone to war with another democracy. Wars take place only when one of the two governments is non-democratic. The article said that this was great merit of democracy. After reading the essay, Rajesh and Muzaffar had different reactions. Rajesh said that this was not a good argument for democracy. It was just a matter of Chance. It is possible that in future democracies may have wars. Muzaffar said that it could not be a matter of chance. Democracies take decisions in such a way that it reduces the chances of war. Which of the two positions do you agree with and why? 

question_answer 19) In my village, the Gram Sabha never meets. Is that democratic?  

question_answer 20) (i) Find out the total number of eligible voters in your Assembly Constituency and your Parliamentary Constituency and your Parliamentary Constituency.   (ii) Find out how may people can fit into the largest stadium in your area.   (iii) Is it possible for all the voters in your Parliamentary or Assembly Constituency to sit together and have a meaningful discussion?  

question_answer 21) Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries? Write 'democratic', 'undemocratic' or 'not sure' against each of these,    (a) Country A People who do not accept the country's official religion do not have a right to vote.   (b) Country B The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.   (c) Country C Ruling party has lost in the last three elections.   (d) Country D There is no independent election commission.  

question_answer 22) Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries? Write 'democratic', 'undemocratic' or 'not sure' against each of these.   (a) Country P The Parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the Chief of Army.   (b) Country Q The Parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary.   (c) Country R The country's leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country.   (d) Country S All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the Central Bank which the ministers cannot change.  

question_answer 23) Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?   (a) People feel free and equal in a democracy   (b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others   (c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people   (d) Democracies are more prosperous than others  

question_answer 24) Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement.   (a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the Parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organization.   (b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large scale rigging was reported.   (c)Women's representation in the Parliament has never reached 10 per cent. This led women's organizations to demand 10 one-third seats for women.  

question_answer 25) Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country?   (a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.   (b) Free press can report suffering from famine, in different parts of the country.   (c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections.   (d) People are free to believe in and practice any religion.  

question_answer 26) There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and Considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method?   (a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life.   (b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.   (c) Organizing public meetings against government's policies.   (d) Paying money to government officials to get water,  

question_answer 27) Write a response to the following arguments against democracy   (a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organization in the country. Therefore army should rule the country.   (b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.   (c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.  

question_answer 28) Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?   (a) Father to Daughter I don't want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to.   (b) Teacher to Student Don't disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.   (c) Employee to the Officer Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.  

question_answer 29) Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision.   (a) All the citizens of the country have right to vote. Elections are held regularly.   (b) The country took loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for giving loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.   (c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 per cent people of that country.   (d) Several organizations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders'.   (e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about government's policies and protests.  

question_answer 30) In 2004, a report published in USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country. Inequalities in income reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government. The report highlighted that   •If an average Black family earns $ 100 then the income of average White family is $ 162. A White family has twelve times more wealth than the average Black family.   •In a President's election nearly 9 out of 10 individuals in families with income over $ 75.000 have voted. These people are the top 20% of the population in terms of their income. On the other hand only 5 people out of 10 from families with income less than $ 15,000 have voted. They are the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income.   •About 95% contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives them opportunity to express their opinions and concerns, which is not available to most citizens.   •As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their concerns - coming out of poverty, getting job, education, health care and housing for them. Politicians hear most regularly about the concerns of business persons and the rich.   Write an essay on 'Democracy and Poverty' using the information given in this report by using examples from India. Most newspapers have an editorial page. On that page, the newspaper publishes its own opinions about current affairs. The paper also publishes the views of other writers and intellectuals and letters written by the readers. Follow any one newspaper for one month and collect editorials, articles and letters on that page that have anything to do with democracy. Classify these into the following categories   •Constitutional and legal aspects of democracy   •Citizens' rights   •Electoral and party politics   •Criticism of democracy  

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Essay on Democracy and Poverty

Students are often asked to write an essay on Democracy and Poverty in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Democracy and Poverty

Introduction.

Democracy and poverty are two important aspects of societal life. Democracy is the rule by the people, while poverty is a condition where people lack basic necessities.

The Link Between Democracy and Poverty

In a democracy, citizens have the right to vote and influence policies. Sadly, poverty can limit this power. Poor people may lack education to make informed decisions.

Democracy’s Role in Alleviating Poverty

Democracy can play a crucial role in reducing poverty. It can provide equal opportunities, and ensure that policies benefit everyone, including the poor.

While poverty can challenge democracy, a true democratic system can help alleviate poverty.

250 Words Essay on Democracy and Poverty

Democracy, a governance system that guarantees the freedom of expression, equality, and individual rights, is often seen as a solution for many societal problems. However, the relationship between democracy and poverty is complex and multifaceted.

The Democratic Promise

In theory, democracy should provide an environment conducive to economic growth and poverty reduction. Democratic systems encourage citizen participation, accountability, and transparency, which are vital for fair wealth distribution. They also protect civil liberties, enabling individuals to pursue economic opportunities.

Democracy’s Dilemma

However, democracy doesn’t always lead to poverty reduction. In some democracies, economic inequality persists due to various factors such as corruption, political instability, and inadequate social policies. The democratic process can also be manipulated by elites, leading to policies that favor the rich and exacerbate poverty.

Democracy and Poverty: The Interplay

Democracy and poverty have a reciprocal relationship. While poverty can hinder the consolidation of democracy as it may lead to political instability and social unrest, a well-functioning democracy can also help alleviate poverty by promoting fair distribution of resources and social justice.

In conclusion, democracy and poverty are intertwined in a complex nexus. While democracy holds the promise of poverty reduction, its effectiveness is dependent on the presence of robust institutions, rule of law, and an active civil society. Therefore, the challenge lies in strengthening democratic processes and institutions to ensure they serve as effective tools for poverty alleviation.

500 Words Essay on Democracy and Poverty

The interplay between democracy and poverty is a complex, yet integral aspect of political and economic discourse. Democracy, characterized by the rule of the majority and equality of political rights, often clashes with the grim realities of poverty, where resources and opportunities are unequally distributed. This essay delves into the intricate relationship between these two phenomena.

The Democratic Paradox

Democracy is often viewed as a panacea for many societal ills. Theoretically, it provides an environment conducive for the eradication of poverty, as the power to elect leaders lies with the people. However, the paradox emerges when democratic institutions fail to address poverty effectively. This failure can be attributed to a variety of factors, including political corruption, policy implementation challenges, and the short-term nature of democratic cycles.

Democracy, Poverty and Political Participation

Poverty can significantly impact political participation, a cornerstone of any democratic system. The economically disadvantaged often lack the resources and time to engage actively in political processes. Additionally, their immediate survival needs might overshadow long-term policy considerations, leading to a focus on short-term relief rather than sustainable solutions. This can result in the perpetuation of poverty, as policies may not address the structural causes of economic disadvantage.

The Role of Policy and Governance

The potential of democracy to alleviate poverty largely depends on the quality of governance and policy-making. Effective policies should aim to reduce income disparity, improve access to education and healthcare, and create opportunities for economic mobility. However, in many democracies, these policies are often influenced by the interests of the wealthy and powerful, leading to a skewed distribution of resources. This highlights the need for more inclusive and equitable policy-making processes.

Democracy as a Catalyst for Poverty Reduction

Despite these challenges, democracy can indeed serve as a catalyst for poverty reduction. Democratic systems, with their emphasis on human rights, freedom of speech, and political participation, can provide the necessary platform for marginalized groups to voice their concerns and influence policy-making. Moreover, democracies tend to have stronger civic institutions, which can play a crucial role in poverty alleviation through advocacy and service provision.

In conclusion, the relationship between democracy and poverty is multifaceted and heavily influenced by factors such as political participation, policy-making, and governance. While democracy alone cannot eradicate poverty, it can provide a platform for inclusive growth and equitable distribution of resources. However, for this potential to be realized, it is essential to address the inherent challenges within democratic systems and strive for a more inclusive and equitable form of democracy. The interplay between democracy and poverty thus presents an ongoing challenge that requires nuanced understanding and innovative solutions.

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NCERT 9th Class (CBSE) Social Science: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

admin May 12, 2018 9th Class , Social Science 4,078 Views

Question: Write an essay on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but using examples from India.

Answer: Democracy and poverty have been inextricably linked in India ever since her birth. Political independence of our country had been achieved through mass participation of the rural poor in the national movement. However, and unfortunately, since then this rural poor mass of the Indian population has seen its influence shrink in national politics. As decade by decade India has cultivated its resources and added to its national financial wealth, the rich have grown richer, and the poor have grown abysmally poorer. We have the distinction of being the largest democracy in the world, but we are also one of the world’s poorest countries, with gaping economic cleavages within our society.

The inequality of income is a concern that gets reflected directly in the operation of the democratic process of our republic. Research has firmly established the fact that though the majority of Indian voters come from the rural Indian hinterland, their influence on their elected representatives and on the whole, on the process of national policy making is shrinking with each passing year. On the other hand, the richer sections of our society, though they do not necessarily vote or have any discernible concern for their civic responsibilities, exercise leverage on the policy making in this country grossly disproportionate to their actual size in the population.

Moreover, the culture of corporate funding of political parties has fast spawned its offspring in the realms of the government establishment. It has made political parties and their leaders less dependent on their actual electorate and has allowed them to ignore the real concerns of the public like agrarian reforms, fine tuning of the Public Distribution System, agricultural subsidies and educational reforms.

To encapsulate, as we take pride in us being the largest democracy in the world, it is also necessary to recognize and act on the fact that the phenomenon of gross economic inequalities is putting a major limitation on its work-ability.

Question: What were the steps taken by Musharraf in Pakistan to empower himself?

Answer: In Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999. He overthrew a democratically elected government and declared himself the ‘Chief Executive’ of the country. Later he changed his designation to President and in 2002 held a referendum in the country that granted him a five year extension. This referendum was based on fraud and malpractices. In 2002, he issued a ‘Legal Framework Order’ that amended the Constitution of Pakistan. According to this order, the President could dismiss the national or provincial assemblies.

Question: With reference to Zimbabwe, describe how the popular approval of rulers is necessary in a democracy but not sufficient.

Answer: In Zimbabwe, since Independence in 1980, elections have been held regularly and always won by ZANU-PF, the party that led the freedom struggle. Its leader, President Robert Mugabe, is popular but also uses unfair practices in elections. His government has changed the Constitution several times to increase the powers of the President and make him less accountable. Opposition party workers are harassed. Public protests and demonstrations against the government are declared illegal. There is a law that limits the right to criticize the President.

Question: On the basis of the various examples given in the chapter, state what should be the four features of a democracy.

Answer: Four features of a democracy are:

• Representatives elected by the people take all the major decisions.
• Elections offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers.
• This choice and opportunity is available to all the people on an equal basis.
• The exercise of this choice leads to a government limited by basic rules of the constitution and citizens’ rights.

Question: Enumerate the arguments given against democracy.

Answer: Some of the arguments against democracy are as follows:

• Leaders keep changing in a democracy. This leads to instability.
• Democracy is all about political competition and power play, with no scope for morality.
• Since so many people are to be consulted in a democracy, it leads to delays.
• Elected leaders do not know the best interest of the people; so it leads to bad decisions.
• Democracy leads to corruption as it is based on electoral competition.
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Question 1:

Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.

(a) Country A: People who do not accept the country’s official religion do not have a right to vote

(b) Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.

(c) Country C: Ruling party has lost in the last three elections

(d) Country D: There is no independent election commission

(a) undemocratic

(b) not sure

(c) democratic

(d) undemocratic

Page No 37:

Question 2:.

(a)Country P: The parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the Chief of Army

(b) Country Q: The parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary

(c) Country R: The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country.

(d) Country S: All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change.

(b) democratic

(c) undemocratic

Question 3:

Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?

(a) People feel free and equal in a democracy

(b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others

(c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people

(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others

The argument ‘d’, which states that “Democracies are more prosperous than others”, is not a good argument in favour of democracy. This is because some democracies like India are still developing economically, while monarchies like the states of UAE are economically strong.

Page No 38:

Question 4:.

Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement.

(a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation.

(b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large scale rigging was reported.

(c) Women’s representation in the parliament has never reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women.

(a) Democratic element − some laws have to be passed by the parliament

Undemocratic element − conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation

(b) Democratic element − the Election Commission ordered re-polling

Undemocratic element − large scale rigging was reported

(c) Democratic element − this led to women’s organisations to demand one third seats for women

Undemocratic element − women’s representation in the parliament has never reached 10 per cent

Question 5:

Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country?

(a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.

(b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country.

(c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections.

(d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion.

Option ‘d’ is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country. This is because practising a religion has nothing to do with preventing famine.

Question 6:

There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method?

(a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life.

(b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.

(c) Organising public meetings against government’s policies.

(d) Paying money to government officials to get water.

Option ‘d’, which advocates paying the government officials money, is an undemocratic method.

Question 7:

Write a response to the following arguments against democracy.

(a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore army should rule the country.

(b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.

(c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.

A democracy is the government elected by the people, from among the people themselves. The Army is integral in protecting the country, but it is not elected by the people; hence, it cannot form a democratic government. The second statement is not true as all people are intelligent to some extent. The third statement is dangerous because bringing religion into politics can cause serious conflict.

Question 8:

Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?

(a) Father to daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to.

(b) Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.

(c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.

The first two statements are undemocratic as the girl is denied any opportunity to voice her opinion about her own marriage and the student is denied the right to clear his doubts by asking questions. The third statement is democratic as it calls for a rule of law which is beneficial for the employees.

Question 9:

Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision.

(a) All the citizens of the country have right to vote Elections are held regularly.

(b) The country took loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for given loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.

(c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 percent people of the country.

(d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders.

(e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about government’s policies and protests.

The country is not a democracy. The people have the right to vote but they do not have the right to free speech and demonstrations. The country is also under economic sanctions, which means that the people cannot take their own economic decisions. The government’s censorship of the media prevents the public from voicing its opinion.

Page No 39:

Question 10:.

In 2004 a report published in USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country. Inequalities in income reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government. The report highlighted that:

If an average Black family earns $ 100 then the income of average White family is $ 162. A White family has twelve times more wealth than the average Black family.

In a President’s election ‘nearly 9 out of 10 individuals in families with income over $ 75,000 have voted. These people are the top 20% of the population in terms of their income. On the other hand only 5 people out of 10 from families with income less than $ 15,000 have voted. They are the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income.

About 95% contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives them opportunity to express their opinions and concerns, which is not available to most citizens.

As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their concerns − coming out of poverty, getting job, education, health, car and housing for them. Politicians hear most regularly about the concerns of business persons and the rich.

Write an essay on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but using examples from India.

Attempt this question on your own.

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• Social Science
• Forms of Government and Democracy

5. Challenges to Indian democracy

• Empowerment of the poor and illiterates to enjoy the goodness of democracy.
• Willingness among the elected people not to misuse their powerful position and public wealth.
• Eradication of social evils and dangers from which democracy suffers.
• An impartial and efficient press to form public opinion.
• Presence of strong public opinion.
• Feeling of tolerance and communal harmony among the people.
• Awareness among the people of the fundamental rights that they are entitled to enjoy.
• Conscious check and vigilance on the working of the elected representatives.
• Powerful and responsible opposition.

Democracy Essay

Democracy is derived from the Greek word demos or people. It is defined as a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people. Democracy is exercised directly by the people; in large societies, it is by the people through their elected agents. In the phrase of President Abraham Lincoln, democracy is the “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people.” There are various democratic countries, but India has the largest democracy in the world. This Democracy Essay will help you know all about India’s democracy. Students can also get a list of CBSE Essays on different topics to boost their essay-writing skills.

500+ Words Democracy Essay

India is a very large country full of diversities – linguistically, culturally and religiously. At the time of independence, it was economically underdeveloped. There were enormous regional disparities, widespread poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and a shortage of almost all public welfare means. Since independence, India has been functioning as a responsible democracy. The same has been appreciated by the international community. It has successfully adapted to challenging situations. There have been free and fair periodic elections for all political offices, from the panchayats to the President. There has been a smooth transfer of political power from one political party or set of political parties to others, both at national and state levels, on many occasions.

India: A Democratic Country

Democracy is of two, i.e. direct and representative. In a direct democracy, all citizens, without the intermediary of elected or appointed officials, can participate in making public decisions. Such a system is only practical with relatively small numbers of people in a community organisation or tribal council. Whereas in representative democracy, every citizen has the right to vote for their representative. People elect their representatives to all levels, from Panchayats, Municipal Boards, State Assemblies and Parliament. In India, we have a representative democracy.

Democracy is a form of government in which rulers elected by the people take all the major decisions. Elections offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers. This choice and opportunity are available to all people on an equal basis. The exercise of this choice leads to a government limited by basic rules of the constitution and citizens’ rights.

Democracy is the Best Form of Government

A democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form of government. Democracy provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts. Thus, democracy improves the quality of decision-making. The advantage of a democracy is that mistakes cannot be hidden for long. There is a space for public discussion, and there is room for correction. Either the rulers have to change their decisions, or the rulers can be changed. Democracy offers better chances of a good decision. It respects people’s own wishes and allows different kinds of people to live together. Even when it fails to do some of these things, it allows a way of correcting its mistakes and offers more dignity to all citizens. That is why democracy is considered the best form of government.

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Essay on Democracy in India for Students and Children

500+ words essay on democracy in india.

Essay on Democracy in India – First of all, democracy refers to a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting. Democracy holds a special place in India. Furthermore, India without a doubt is the biggest democracy in the world. Also, the democracy of India is derived from the constitution of India. After suffering at the hands of British colonial rule, India finally became a democratic nation in 1947 . Most noteworthy, Indian democracy since independence is infused with the spirit of justice, liberty, and equality.

Features of Indian Democracy

Sovereignty is a vital feature of Indian democracy. Sovereignty refers to the full power of a governing body over itself without outside interference. Moreover, people can exercise power in Indian democracy . Most noteworthy, people of India elect their representatives. Moreover, these representatives remain responsible for common people.

The democracy in India works on the principle of political equality. Furthermore, it essentially means all citizens are equal before the law. Most noteworthy, there is no discrimination on the basis of religion , caste, creed, race, sect, etc. Hence, every Indian citizen enjoys equal political rights.

Rule of the majority is an essential feature of Indian democracy. Moreover, the party which wins the most seats forms and runs the government. Most noteworthy, no-one can object to support of the majority.

Another feature of Indian democracy is federal. Most noteworthy, India is a union of states. Furthermore, the states are somewhat autonomous. Moreover, the states enjoy freedom in certain matters.

Collective responsibility is a notable feature of Indian democracy. The council of Ministers in India is collectively responsible to their respective legislatures. Therefore, no minister alone is responsible for any act of their government.

Indian democracy works on the principle of formation of opinion. Furthermore, the government and its institutions must work on the basis of public opinion. Most noteworthy, public opinion must be formed on various matters in India. Moreover, the Legislature of India provides an appropriate platform to express public opinion.

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Ways to Strengthen Democracy in India

First of all, people must stop having a blind belief in the media. Many times the news reported by media is out of context and exaggerated. Most noteworthy, some media outlets may propagate the propaganda of a particular political party. Therefore, people must be careful and cautious when accepting media news.

Another important way to strengthen the Indian democracy is to reject the consumer mentality in elections. Several Indians view national elections like consumers buying a product. Most noteworthy, elections should make Indians feel like participants rather than separatists.

People in India should make their voices heard. Furthermore, people must try to communicate with their elected official all year-round instead of just during elections. Therefore, citizens must write, call, email, or attend community forums to communicate with their elected official. This would surely strengthen Indian democracy.

Huge voter turnouts is really an efficient way to strengthen democracy in India. People must avoid hesitation and come out to vote. Most noteworthy, large voter turnout would signify a substantial involvement of the common people in Indian politics.

In conclusion, the democracy in India is something very precious. Furthermore, it is a gift of the patriotic national leaders to the citizens of India. Most noteworthy, the citizens of this country must realize and appreciate the great value of democracy. The democracy in India is certainly unique in the world.

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Write an essay on 'Democracy and Poverty 'using the examples from India.

A true democracy is one where there is no poverty. But this has not been achieved by and democratic nation including India.

The weaknesses in the democracy of India:

• The existence of corruption and lack of accountability in public institution weakens the democracy.

• Lack of transparency in agendas and funding of political parties.

• Though there are laws to put control of corruption, yet there is a lack of implementation

• The citizens in India are not motivated towards taking part in election, i.e. casting of votes. The election is a key feature of the democracy and abstaining from voting the citizens run away from their duties.

• Even if the people cast their votes, they remain unaware of the candidates' profile, which reduces the accountability of the contestants.