• Search Search Please fill out this field.
  • Career Planning
  • Finding a Job
  • Cover Letters

How To Write a Job Application Letter (With Examples)

example of an application letter for job

What is a Job Application Letter?

Tips for writing a job application letter, how to get started.

  • Writing Guidelines
  • What to Include in Each Section

Simple Formatting Using a Template

Tips for writing an effective letter, sample job application letter, sending an email application, review more letter examples.

Do you need to write a letter to apply for a job? Most of the time, the answer is yes. Even when employers don’t require a job application letter , writing one will help you highlight your skills and achievements and get the hiring manager’s attention. The only time not to send one is when the job listing says not to do so. It can help, and it definitely won't hurt to include an application letter with your resume.

A job application letter, also known as a cover letter , should be sent or uploaded with your resume when applying for jobs. While your resume offers a history of your work experience and an outline of your skills and accomplishments, the job application letter you send to an employer explains why you are qualified for the position and should be selected for an interview.

Writing this letter can seem like a challenging task. However, if you take it one step at a time, you'll soon be an expert at writing application letters to send with your resume.

Melissa Ling / The Balance

Before you begin writing your job application letter, do some groundwork. Consider what information you want to include (keeping in mind that space is limited).

Remember, this letter is making a case for your candidacy for the position. But you can do better than just regurgitating your resume—instead, highlight your most relevant skills, experiences, and abilities.

Analyze the Job Posting

To include the most convincing, relevant details in your letter, you'll need to know what the employer wants.

The biggest clues are within the job advertisement, so spend some time decoding the job ad . Next, match your qualifications with the employer's wants and needs .

Include Your Most Relevant Qualifications

Make a list of your relevant experience and skills. For instance, if the job ad calls for a strong leader, think of examples of when you've successfully led a team. Once you've jotted down some notes, and have a sense of what you want to highlight in your letter, you're ready to get started writing.

Writing Guidelines for Job Application Letters

Writing a job application letter is very different from a quick email to a friend or a thank-you note to a relative. Hiring managers and potential interviewers have certain expectations when it comes to the letter's presentation and appearance, from length (no more than a page) to font size and style to letter spacing :

Length: A letter of application should be no more than one page long. Three to four paragraphs is typical.

Format and Page Margins: A letter of application should be single-spaced with a space between each paragraph. Use about 1" margins and align your text to the left, which is the standard alignment for most documents.

Font: Use a traditional font such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri. The font size should be between 10 and 12 points.

What To Include in Each Section of the Letter

There are also set rules for the sections included in the letter, from salutation to sign-off, and how the letter is organized. Here's a quick lowdown on the main sections included in a job application letter:

Heading: A letter of application should begin with both your and the employer's contact information (name, address, phone number, email) followed by the date. If this is an email rather than an actual letter, include your contact information at the end of the letter, after your signature.

  •   Header Examples

Salutation: This is your polite greeting. The most common salutation is "Dear Mr./Ms." followed by the person's last name. Find out more about appropriate cover letter salutations , including what to do if you don't know the person's name, or are unsure of a contact's gender.

Body of the letter: Think of this section as being three distinct parts.

In the first paragraph , you'll want to mention the job you are applying for and where you saw the job listing.

The next paragraph(s) are the most important part of your letter. Remember how you gathered all that information about what employers were seeking, and how you could meet their needs? This is where you'll share those relevant details on your experience and accomplishments.

The third and last part of the body of the letter will be your thank you to the employer; you can also offer follow-up information.

Complimentary Close: Sign off your email with a polite close, such as "Best" or "Sincerely," followed by your name.

  • Closing Examples

Signature: When you're sending or uploading a printed letter, end with your signature, handwritten, followed by your typed name. If this is an email, simply include your typed name, followed by your contact information.

  • Signature Examples

Overwhelmed by all these formatting and organization requirements? One way to make the process of writing a job application easier is to use a job application letter template to create your own personalized job application letters for applying for a job. Having a template can help save you time if you are sending a lot of application letters.

Be sure that each letter you send is personalized to the company and position; do not send the same letter to different companies.

  • Always write one. Unless a job posting specifically says not to send a letter of application or cover letter, you should always send one. Even if the company does not request a letter of application, it never hurts to include one. If they do ask you to send a letter, make sure to follow the directions exactly (for example, they might ask you to send the letter as an email attachment, or type it directly into their online application system).
  • Use business letter format. Use a formal business letter format when writing your letter. Include your contact information at the top, the date, and the employer’s contact information. Be sure to provide a salutation at the beginning, and your signature at the end.
  • Sell yourself. Throughout the letter, focus on how you would benefit the company. Provide specific examples of times when you demonstrated skills or abilities that would be useful for the job, especially those listed in the job posting or description. If possible, include examples of times when you added value to a company.

Numerical values offer concrete evidence of your skills and accomplishments.

  • Use keywords. Reread the job listing, circling any keywords (such as skills or abilities that are emphasized in the listing). Try to include some of those words in your cover letter. This will help the employer see that you are a strong fit for the job.
  • Keep it brief. Keep your letter under a page long, with no more than about four paragraphs. An employer is more likely to read a concise letter.
  • Proofread and edit. Employers are likely to overlook an application with a lot of errors. Read through your cover letter, and if possible, ask a friend or career counselor to review the letter. Proofread for any grammar or spelling errors.

This is a job application letter sample.  Download the letter template (compatible with Google Docs or Word Online) or read the example below.

Sample Job Application Letter (Text Version)

Elizabeth Johnson 12 Jones Street Portland, Maine 04101 555-555-5555 elizabethjohnson@emailaddress.com

August 11, 2020

Mark Smith Human Resources Manager Veggies to Go 238 Main Street Portland, Maine 04101

Dear Mr. Smith,

I was so excited when my former coworker, Jay Lopez, told me about your opening for an administrative assistant in your Portland offices. A long-time Veggies to Go customer and an experienced admin, I would love to help the company achieve its mission of making healthy produce as available as takeout.

I’ve worked for small companies for my entire career, and I relish the opportunity to wear many hats and work with the team to succeed. In my latest role as an administrative assistant at Beauty Corp, I saved my employer thousands of dollars in temp workers by implementing a self-scheduling system for the customer service reps that cut down on canceled shifts. I also learned web design, time sheet coding, and perfected my Excel skills. 

I’ve attached my resume for your consideration and hope to speak with you soon about your needs for the role.

Best Regards,

Elizabeth Johnson (signature hard copy letter)

Elizabeth Johnson

When you are sending your letter via email include the reason you are writing in the subject line of your message:

Subject Line Example

Subject: Elizabeth Johnson – Administrative Assistant Position

List your contact information in your signature, rather than in the body of the letter:

Email Signature Example

Elizabeth Johnson 555-555-5555 email@emailaddress.com

Review more examples of professionally written cover letters for a variety of circumstances, occupations, and types of jobs.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter ?" Accessed July 14, 2021.

University of Maryland Global Campus. " Frequently Asked Questions ." Accessed July 14, 2021.

How to Write a Cover Letter in 2024 + Examples

Background Image

After weeks of heavy job search, you’re almost there!

You’ve perfected your resume. 

You’ve short-listed the coolest jobs you want to apply for.

You’ve even had a friend train you for every single interview question out there.

But then, before you can send your application and call it a day, you remember that the job ad requires a cover letter.

Now you’re stuck wondering how to write a cover letter ...

Don’t panic! We’ve got you covered. Writing a cover letter is a lot simpler than you might think. 

In this guide, we’re going to teach you how to write a cover letter that gets you the job you deserve.

  • What’s a cover letter & why it’s important for your job search
  • How to write a convincing cover letter that gets you the job (step-by-step!)
  • How to perfect your cover letter with the Novoresume free checklist
  • What excellent cover letter examples look like

New to cover letter writing? Give our resumes 101 video a watch before diving into the article!

So, let’s get started with the basics!

What is a Cover Letter? (and Why It’s Important)

A cover letter is a one-page document that you submit as part of your job application (alongside your CV or Resume). 

Its purpose is to introduce you and briefly summarize your professional background. On average, your cover letter should be from 250 to 400 words long .

A good cover letter can spark the HR manager’s interest and get them to read your resume. 

A bad cover letter, on the other hand, might mean that your application is going directly to the paper shredder. So, to make sure this doesn’t happen, it’s essential to know how to write a convincing cover letter.

How does a good cover letter look, you might ask. Well, here’s an example:

how to write cover letter

Keep in mind, though, that a cover letter is a supplement to your resume, not a replacement. Meaning, you don’t just repeat whatever is mentioned in your resume.

If you’re writing a cover letter for the first time, writing all this might seem pretty tough. After all, you’re probably not a professional writer.

The thing is, though, you don’t need to be creative, or even any good at writing. All you have to do is follow a tried-and-tested format:

  • Header - Input contact information
  • Greeting the hiring manager
  • Opening paragraph - Grab the reader’s attention with 2-3 of your top achievements
  • Second paragraph - Explain why you’re the perfect candidate for the job
  • Third paragraph - Explain why you’re a good match for the company
  • Formal closing

Or, here’s what this looks like in practice:

structure of a cover letter

How to Write the Perfect Cover Letter (And Get Hired!)

Now that we’ve got the basics out of the way, we’re going to guide you through the process of writing a cover letter step by step. 

Step #1 - Pick the Right Cover Letter Template

A good cover letter is all about leaving the right first impression.

So, what’s a better way to leave a good impression than a well-formatted, visual template?

cover letter templates

You can simply pick one of our hand-picked cover letter templates , and you’ll be all set in a jiffy!

As a bonus, our AI will even give you suggestions on how to improve your cover letter on the go.

Step #2 - Start the Cover Letter with a Header

As with a resume, it’s important to start your cover letter with a Contact Information section:

contact information on a cover letter

Here, you want to include all essential information, including:

  • Phone Number
  • Name of the hiring manager / their professional title
  • Name of the company you’re applying to

In certain cases, you might also consider adding:

  • Social Media Profiles - Any type of profile that’s relevant to your field. Social Profiles on websites like LinkedIn, GitHub (for developers), Medium (for writers), etc.
  • Personal Website - If you have a personal website that somehow adds value to your application, you can mention it. Let’s say you’re a professional writer. In that case, you’d want to link to your blog.

And here’s what you shouldn’t mention in your header:

  • Your Full Address 
  • Unprofessional Email - Make sure your email is presentable. It’s pretty hard for a hiring manager to take you seriously if your email address is “[email protected].” Whenever applying for jobs, stick to the “[first name] + [last name] @ email provider.com” format.

matching resume and cover letter

Step #3 - Greet the Hiring Manager

Once you’ve properly listed your contact information, you need to start writing the cover letter contents.

The first thing to do here is to address the cover letter to the hiring manager .

That’s right, the hiring manager! Not the overly popular “Dear Sir or Madam.” You want to show your future boss that you did your research and are really passionate about working with their team.

No one wants to hire a job seeker who just spams 20+ companies and hopes to get hired in any of them.

So, how do you find out who’s the hiring manager? There are several ways to do this. 

The simplest option is to look up the head of the relevant department on LinkedIn. Let’s say you’re applying for the position of a Communication Specialist at Novoresume. The hiring manager is probably Head of Communications or Chief Communications Office.

So, you do a quick lookup on LinkedIn:

linkedin search cco

And voila! You have your hiring manager.

Or let’s say you’re applying for the position of a server. In that case, you’d be looking for the “restaurant manager.”

If this doesn’t work, you can also check out the “Team” page on the company website; there’s a good chance you’ll at least find the right person there.

Here are several other greetings you could use:

  • Dear [Department] Hiring Manager
  • Dear Hiring Manager
  • To whom it may concern
  • Dear [Department] Team

Step #4 - Write an Attention-Grabbing Introduction

First impressions matter, especially when it comes to your job search.

Recruiters get hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of applications. Chances are, they’re not going to be reading every single cover letter end-to-end.

So, it’s essential to catch their attention from the very first paragraph .

The #1 problem we see with most cover letter opening paragraphs is that they’re usually extremely generic. Most of them look something like this..

  • Hey, my name is Jonathan and I’d like to work as a Sales Manager at XYZ Inc. I’ve worked as a sales manager at MadeUpCompany Inc. for 5+ years, so I believe that I’d be a good fit for the position.

See the issue here? This opening paragraph doesn’t say pretty much anything except the fact that you’ve worked the job before.

Do you know who else has similar work experience? All the other applicants you’re competing with.

Instead, you want to start off with 2-3 of your top achievements to really grab the reader’s attention. Preferably, the achievements should be as relevant as possible to the position.

So now, let’s make our previous example shine:

My name’s Michael and I’d like to help XYZ Inc. hit and exceed their sales goals as a Sales Manager. I’ve worked with Company X, a fin-tech company, for 3+ years. As a Sales Representative, I generated an average of $30,000+ in sales per month (beating the KPIs by around 40%). I believe that my previous industry experience, as well as excellence in sales, makes me the right candidate for the job.

See the difference between the two examples? If you were the hiring manager, which sales manager would you hire, Jonathan or Michael?

Now that we’ve covered the introduction, let’s talk about the body of your cover letter. This part is split into two paragraphs: the first is for explaining why you’re the perfect person for the job, and the latter is for proving that you’re a good fit for the company.

So, let’s get started...

Step #5 - Explain why you’re the perfect person for the job

This is where you show off your professional skills and convince the HR manager that you’re a better fit for the job than all the other applicants.

But first things first - before you even write anything, you need to learn what the most important requirements for the role are. So, open up the job ad and identify which of the responsibilities are the most critical.

For the sake of the example, let’s say you’re applying for the position of a Facebook Advertiser. You scan the job ad and see that the top requirements are:

  • Experience managing a Facebook ad budget of $10,000+ / month
  • Some skills in advertising on other platforms (Google Search + Twitter)
  • Excellent copywriting skills

Now, in this section, you need to discuss how you fulfill these requirements. So, here’s how that would look for our example:

In my previous role as a Facebook Marketing Expert at XYZ Inc. I handled customer acquisition through ads, managing a monthly Facebook ad budget of $20,000+ . As the sole digital marketer at the company, I managed the ad creation & management process end-to-end. Meaning, I created the ad copy , images, picked the targeting, ran optimization trials, and so on.

Other than Facebook advertising, I’ve also delved into other online PPC channels, including:

  • Google Search

Are you a student applying for your first internship? You probably don’t have a lot of work experience to show off in this section. Learn how to write an internship cover letter here.

Step #6 - Explain why you’re a good fit for the company

Once you’ve written the last paragraph, you might be thinking - I’m a shoo-in for the job! What else do I need to write? I’ll just wrap up the cover letter and hit that sweet SEND button.

Well, no. You’re not quite there yet.

The HR manager doesn’t only look at whether you’ll be good at the job or not. They’re looking for someone that’s also a good fit for the company culture.

After all, employees that don’t fit in are bound to quit, sooner or later. This ends up costing the company a ton of money, up to 50% of the employee’s annual salary . 

Meaning, you also need to convince the HR manager that you’re really passionate about working with them.

How do you do this? Well, as a start, you want to do some research about the company. You want to know things like:

  • What’s the company’s business model?
  • What’s the company product or service? Have you used it?
  • What’s the culture like? Will someone micro-manage your work, or will you have autonomy on how you get things done?

So, get to Googling. Chances are, you’ll find all the information you need either on the company website or somewhere around the web.

Then, you need to figure out what you like about the company and turn that into text.

Let’s say, for example, you’re passionate about their product and you like the culture of innovation / independent work in the organization.

You’d write something like:

I’ve personally used the XYZ Smartphone, and I believe that it’s the most innovative tech I’ve used in years. The features such as Made-Up-Feature #1 and Made-Up-Feature #2 were real game changers for the device. 

I really admire how Company XYZ thrives for excellence for all its product lines, creating market-leading tech. As someone that thrives in a self-driven environment, I truly believe that I and Company XYZ will be a great match.

What you don’t want to do here is be super generic for the sake of having something to write. Most job seekers tend to mess this one up. Let’s take a look at a very common example we tend to see (way too often):

I’d love to work for Company XYZ because of its culture of innovation. I believe that since I’m super creative, I’d be a good fit for the company. The company values of integrity and transparency really vibe with me.

See what’s wrong here? The example doesn’t really say anything about the company. “Culture of Innovation” is something most companies claim to have. 

The same goes for “values of integrity and transparency” - the writer just googled what the values for the organization are, and said that they like them.

Any hiring manager that reads this will see through the fluff.

So, make sure to do a lot of research and come up with good reasons why you're applying.

Step #7 - Wrap up with a call to action

Finally, it’s time to finish up your cover letter and write the conclusion.

In the final paragraph, you want to:

  • Wrap up any points you couldn't in the previous paragraphs. Do you have anything left to say? Any other information that could help the hiring manager make their decision? Mention it here.
  • Thank the hiring manager for their time. It never hurts to be courteous, as long as you don’t come off as too needy.
  • Finish the cover letter with a call to action. The very last sentence in your cover letter should be a call to action. You should ask the hiring manager to take some sort of action.

And now, let’s turn this into a practical example:

So to wrap it all up, thanks for looking into my application. I hope I can help Company X make the most out of their Facebook marketing initiatives. I'd love to further discuss how my previous success at XYZ Inc. can help you achieve your facebook marketing goals.

Step #8 - Use the right formal closing

Once you’re done with the final paragraph, all you have to do is write down a formal “goodbye” and you’re good to go.

Feel free to use one of the most popular conclusions to a cover letter:

  • Best Regards,
  • Kind Regards,

And we’re finally done! Before sending off the cover letter, make sure to proofread it with software like Grammarly, or maybe even get a friend to review it for you.

Does your cover letter heading include all essential information?

  • Professional email
  • Relevant Social Media Profiles

Do you address the right person? I.e. hiring manager in the company / your future direct supervisor

Does your introductory paragraph grab the reader's attention?

  • Did you mention 2-3 of your top achievements?
  • Did you use numbers and facts to back up your experience?

Do you successfully convey that you’re the right pro for the job?

  • Did you identify the core requirements?
  • Did you successfully convey how your experiences help you fit the requirements perfectly?

Do you convince the hiring manager that you’re passionate about the company you’re applying to?

  • Did you identify the top 3 things that you like about the company?
  • Did you avoid generic reasons for explaining your interest in the company?

Did you finalize the conclusion with a call to action?

Did you use the right formal closure for the cover letter?

5+ Cover Letter Examples

Need some inspiration? Read on to learn about some of the best cover letter examples we’ve seen (for different fields).

College Student Cover Letter Example

college or student cover letter example

Middle Management Cover Letter Example

Middle Management Cover Letter

Career Change Cover Letter Example

Career Change Cover Letter

Management Cover Letter Example

Management Cover Letter Example

Senior Executive Cover Letter Example

Senior Executive Cover Letter Example

Want to discover more examples AND learn what makes them stand out? Check out our guide to cover letter examples .

Next Steps in Your Job Search - Creating a Killer Resume

Your cover letter is only as good as your resume. If either one is weak, your entire application is for naught. 

After all, a cover letter is just an introduction. Imagine going through all this effort to leave an amazing first impression, but flopping at the end because of a mediocre resume.

...But don’t you worry, we’ve got you covered on that end, too.

If you want to learn more about Resumes & CVs, we have a dedicated FREE guide for that. Check out our complete guide on how to make a resume , as well as how to write a CV - our experts will teach you everything you need to know in order to land your dream job.

Or, if you’re already an expert, just pick one of our resume templates and get started.

resume examples for cover letter

Key Takeaways

Now that we’ve walked you through all the steps of writing a cover letter, let’s summarize everything we’ve learned:

  • A cover letter is a 250 - 400 word document that convinces the hiring manager of your competence
  • A cover letter goes in your job application alongside your resume
  • Your introduction to the cover letter should grab the hiring manager’s attention and keep it all the way until the conclusion
  • There are 2 main topics you need to include in your cover letter: why you’re the perfect candidate for the job & why you’re passionate about working in the company you’re applying to
  • Most of the content of your cover letter should be factual , without any fluff or generalizations

At Novorésumé, we’re committed to helping you get the job you deserve, every step of the way! Follow our blog to stay up to date with the industry-leading advice. Or, check out some of our top guides…

  • How to Write a Motivational Letter
  • How to Write a Resume with No Work Experience
  • Most Common Interview Questions and Answers

cookies image

To provide a safer experience, the best content and great communication, we use cookies. Learn how we use them for non-authenticated users.

Explore Jobs

  • Jobs Near Me
  • Remote Jobs
  • Full Time Jobs
  • Part Time Jobs
  • Entry Level Jobs
  • Work From Home Jobs

Find Specific Jobs

  • $15 Per Hour Jobs
  • $20 Per Hour Jobs
  • Hiring Immediately Jobs
  • High School Jobs
  • H1b Visa Jobs

Explore Careers

  • Business And Financial
  • Architecture And Engineering
  • Computer And Mathematical

Explore Professions

  • What They Do
  • Certifications
  • Demographics

Best Companies

  • Health Care
  • Fortune 500

Explore Companies

  • CEO And Executies
  • Resume Builder
  • Career Advice
  • Explore Majors
  • Questions And Answers
  • Interview Questions

How To Write A Job Application Letter (With Examples)

  • Best Business Salutations
  • Letter of Introduction
  • Close a Business Letter
  • Job Application Letter
  • Business Letter Layout
  • To Whom It May Concern
  • Letter Of Interest
  • Letter Envelope
  • Experience Letter
  • How To Write A Letter

Find a Job You Really Want In

While applying to jobs, you might be asked to provide a job application letter (sometimes referred to as a cover letter) along with your resume. A resume outlines your professional skills and experience, and a job application letter explains why you are an ideal candidate for the position you’re applying to.

You can think of this as a strictly formatted professional letter that gives hiring managers a sense of your individual qualities prior to a job interview.

This article outlines the essential details and formatting for a job application letter. You’ll learn how to write a concise and engaging letter that will increase your chances of being selected for an interview.

Key Takeaways:

A job application letter can also be known as a cover letter. It is a way to introduce how your skills and experience are a good match for the job.

A job application letter should have your contact information, employer contact information, and a salutation,

A job application application letter should have an introductory paragraph, middle paragraphs that explain your qualifications, and a closing paragraph.

Use specific experiences with quantifiable results to show how your skills were successfully put into action.

Make sure to do your research and edit your letter before submitting.

How To Write A Job Application Letter (With Examples)

Tips for writing a job application letter

Job application letter format, what’s the difference between a cover letter and a job application letter, dos and don’ts for writing a job application letter.

  • Sign Up For More Advice and Jobs

If you’ve ever asked for advice on the job application process, you’ve likely heard the phrase “sell yourself” a million times over. This means that you should highlight your skills and achievements in a way that will pique a hiring manager ’s interest and make them pause over your application.

You might feel overwhelmed in the grand scheme of online applications, application/ cover letters , letters of intent , and interviews. It’s a lot to balance, especially if you have no experience with any of the things listed.

Remember to take everything one step at a time and review some helpful tips for writing a polished and engaging job application letter:

Tailor the application letter to each job. Your letter should address key points in the job description from the listing, as well as how you can apply your knowledge and experience to the position. You want to emphasize why you are the best candidate for this specific job.

Don’t copy information straight from your resume. Your resume is meant to act as a formal record of your professional experience, education, and accomplishments. The job application letter is where you highlight a few particular details from your resume, and use them to demonstrate how your experience can apply to the job.

Follow the business letter format. These letters have very strict formatting rules, to ensure that they appear as professional to hiring managers. A poorly formatted letter could prevent employers from taking your application seriously.

Proofread. Hiring managers will definitely overlook letters riddled with proofreading mistakes. Read your letter several times over to fix any grammar, punctuation, or spelling errors. You could ask someone else to look over it afterwards or run it through any number of online grammar check programs.

Decide on printing and mailing your letter or sending it in an email. An application letter sent through email requires a subject line that details your purpose for writing— consider “[job title], [your name].” The placement of your contact information is also different depending on the medium . In a hard copy, this goes at the top of your letter, as a header. In an email, it goes below your signature.

The following formatting information can be used as a guideline while drafting your own job application letter, with an example for both a printed/mailed letter and a letter sent through email.

Your contact information

Name Address City, State Zip Code Phone Number Email Address

Employer contact information

First paragraph

Middle paragraphs

This section should be about one to three paragraphs, discussing your various qualifications for the job. This is where you really emphasize what you could bring to the company and how you might fit into the work environment. It might be necessary to do some additional research about the company, to lend more specificity to your letter.

Final paragraph

Ending a cover letter might be a challenge, as you try to wrap up all the details about why you’re the most well-qualified employee on the planet. Let that confidence carry over into your concluding paragraph.

Sincerely/Best,

Job application letter example – printed and mailed

Robin Gomez 37 Southwest Avenue Gainesville, FL 12345 365-123-4567 [email protected] October 20, 2020 Ms. Martha Waters Hiring Manager Blue Swamp Publishing 27 Archer Street Gainesville, FL 67890 Dear Ms. Waters, My resume is attached in response to your advertisement for an editorial assistant . The job description aligns with my interest in editing short fiction, and I believe my experience and skills match what you’re looking for. This past year, I interned with the Editing, Design and Production department at Gator University Press. Over the course of two semesters, I interacted with academic texts at various stages before publication. I’m comfortable proofreading and copyediting manuscripts, as well as adding typesetting codes in Microsoft Word. I have also previously worked on the staff of Writers Student Literary Magazine in Jacksonville, FL , as the Fiction and Website Editor, as well as the head of the Proofreading Team. I played a significant role in the publication of six issues of the magazine, across a two year period (including print and online editions). My qualifications beyond this include experience in team-oriented settings and proficiency in creative and academic writing. I would love the opportunity to speak with you about how I can further contribute to Blue Swamp Publishing! Please feel free to contact me on my cell at 365-123-4567 if you have questions or to set up an interview. Sincerely, Robin Gomez

Job application letter example – emailed

Subject Line: Victoria Caruso – Public Relations Assistant Dear Ms. Janet Wang, I was excited when my colleague Rachel Smith told me that you were looking for a public relations assistant with a background in graphic design. She suggested that I reach out to you about the position, since I believe that my experience aligns well with what you are seeking at Trademark Agency. I worked alongside Rachel as a brand ambassador at a small graphic design company for three years, where I excelled in project management, strategy development, and client communication. This past spring, I played a significant role in designing the website for an up-and-coming multicultural women’s organization and publicizing their first few public events. Along with my experience and personal qualities, I prioritize: Expanding company recognition and designing unique brand details Managing media, press, and public relations issues for companies Developing company communication strategies Please see my attached resume for additional details about my career achievements. I hope to learn more about Trademark Agency’s goals for the coming year. You can contact me on my cell at 319-333-3333 or via email at [email protected]. Sincerely, Victoria Caruso 15th Avenue N Iowa City, Iowa 52240 319-333-3333 [email protected]

A cover letter normally is attached with a resume for a specific job opening, whereas a job application letter can be submitted independently. As already stated, a job application letter can also be known as a cover letter. Format wise, there are a lot of similarities.

However, a job application letter can also be more detailed than a cover a letter. Usually a cover letter acts a quick introduction to a resume when a candidate applies for a specific job opening.

Meanwhile, you can submit a job application letter to a company even if there are no job openings. In this case, you would provide more detail about yourself and your qualifications. Due to this, job application letters tend to be a little longer than the average cover letter.

Now that we’ve gone through the basic formatting for a job application letter and a few examples of what one might look like, how can we condense all that information into digestible pieces?

Refer to these lists of “dos” and “don’ts” to help you through your drafting process:

Explain what you can bring to the company. Consider: how is your experience relevant to what the hiring manager is looking for?

Discuss your skills. Pick out a few skills listed in your resume and describe how you have utilized them in the workplace.

Give specific examples to support your experience. Is there a major project you worked on at your last job ? Did you accomplish something significant in your previous position? Including examples of these things in your letter will add new, specific content to your application and make you more interesting.

Edit your letter thoroughly. Read your letter a couple times, pass it off to someone to look over, run it through an online grammar check. Make sure it’s free of any errors.

Don’t focus on what the job can do for you. While it might seem nice to write that a job is your dream job or that you’ve always wanted to work with a company, it can read as vague flattery. Remember, this letter is about your qualifications.

Don’t list your current or previous job description. Your education and work experience certainly have value, but don’t just list your degrees and places you’ve worked at. Explained what you learned from those experiences and how they’ve made you a strong employee.

Don’t paste directly from your resume. A job application letter is meant to add to your value as a candidate, not just reiterate the same information repeatedly. Use your resume as a guide , but expand on especially relevant details.

Don’t submit an unedited letter. Before an employer ever meets you, they see your application and your job application letter. You don’t want grammar errors and misspelled words to make a bad first impression, so make sure to edit your draft multiple times.

Armed with these tips, guidelines, and examples, you’ll be able to draft your job application letter more confidently and send them off to potential employers knowing that you’re one step closer to employment.

How useful was this post?

Click on a star to rate it!

Average rating / 5. Vote count:

No votes so far! Be the first to rate this post.

' src=

Chris Kolmar is a co-founder of Zippia and the editor-in-chief of the Zippia career advice blog. He has hired over 50 people in his career, been hired five times, and wants to help you land your next job. His research has been featured on the New York Times, Thrillist, VOX, The Atlantic, and a host of local news. More recently, he's been quoted on USA Today, BusinessInsider, and CNBC.

Recent Job Searches

  • Registered Nurse Jobs Resume Location
  • Truck Driver Jobs Resume Location
  • Call Center Representative Jobs Resume Location
  • Customer Service Representative Jobs Resume
  • Delivery Driver Jobs Resume Location
  • Warehouse Worker Jobs Resume Location
  • Account Executive Jobs Resume Location
  • Sales Associate Jobs Resume Location
  • Licensed Practical Nurse Jobs Resume Location
  • Company Driver Jobs Resume

Related posts

example of an application letter for job

How To Avoid Job Scams (With Examples)

example of an application letter for job

How To Create A Job Search Spreadsheet (With Examples)

How to Write an Experience Letter

How To Write An Experience Letter (With Format + Examples)

example of an application letter for job

Answering Machine Messages (With Examples)

  • Career Advice >
  • Apply For Jobs >

Status.net

How to Write an Effective Application Letter (Examples)

By Status.net Editorial Team on November 15, 2023 — 9 minutes to read

Your application letter should be a clear reflection of you, your skills, and your aspirations. It’s essential to tailor it to the specific job you’re applying for and showcase how you meet the requirements. Stay with us as we walk you through the tips, tricks, and best practices to make your letter shine. By the end, you’ll have the knowledge and confidence to navigate the job application process with ease.

Step 1. Introduction: Expressing Interest

The opening line.

Your opening line should grab the reader’s attention, briefly introduce yourself, and express your interest in the position. This is your opportunity to make an excellent first impression, so keep it clear and concise. For example, you could start with:

“As an experienced marketing professional, I was thrilled to see the opportunity for a Marketing Manager position at X Company.”

Revealing the Source of Information

Next, it’s important to mention where you found out about the job opening. This helps recruiters understand where their outreach efforts are effective and demonstrates that you’ve done your homework. Reference the specific platform, such as a job board or company website, or mention the person who referred you to the position. Here are a couple of examples:

“I came across this position on LinkedIn and believe my skillset aligns perfectly with the job requirements.” or
“Jane Brown, the Sales Director at your company, suggested I apply for this role, as she believes my experience in customer service is a great fit for the team.”

Step 2. Body: Detailing Qualifications

Pitching your skills.

When writing an application letter, it’s essential to showcase your skills. Start by listing the most relevant ones based on the job description. Be specific and mention how you’ve used these skills in previous projects or work settings. For example:

“As a project manager, I have successfully managed teams of up to 20 members, ensuring timely delivery of projects while maintaining a high level of quality.”

Use bullet points or bold text to make your skills stand out. This way, the reader gets a clear picture of your capabilities.

Referencing Your Experience

After listing your skills, provide details about your work experience. Start with the most recent position and include the name of the company, your job title, and the duration of employment. Focus on the responsibilities that match the job opening. For instance:

“During my tenure at X Corp as a marketing executive, I was responsible for coordinating marketing campaigns, managing social media channels, and conducting market research.”

Don’t forget to mention any relevant internships or volunteer work. This information will help paint a complete picture of your expertise.

Demonstrating Your Achievement

Lastly, highlight your accomplishments and show the potential employer why you’re a perfect fit. Use concrete examples and mention any quantifiable results you’ve achieved. For example:

“At ABC Inc., I initiated a cost-reduction program that saved the company $50,000 within six months.”

You can also mention any awards or recognitions you’ve received for outstanding work. This demonstrates that your contributions have been valued and recognized by others.

Step 3. Concluding Your Letter

Seeking further communication.

By the time you reach the end of your application letter, it’s important to express your desire for further communication with the potential employer. This shows that you’re genuinely interested in the opportunity and eager to continue the conversation. Example:

“I am excited about the prospect of contributing to your company’s goals, and I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss this further with you. Please don’t hesitate to contact me at your earliest convenience. Thank you for considering my application.”

Final Goodbye

After expressing your eagerness, close your letter with a polite and professional farewell, addressing the recipient by name where possible. This is not only courteous, but it also leaves a positive and lasting impression. Example:

“ I look forward to your response and the possibility of working together. Once again, thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, [Your Name]”

Proper Letter Ending

The complimentary close.

Start by choosing an appropriate complimentary close for your application letter. This part signifies the end of the main content and should leave a professional impression. Some common examples are “Sincerely,” “Best regards,” or “Yours faithfully.” Keep in mind that it’s best to stay formal, so avoid using casual phrases like “Cheers” or “Take care.”

After the complimentary close, press enter twice to leave a space for your signature. This space provides room for your actual signature if you’re submitting a physical letter. If you’re submitting electronically, this space can act as a visual cue that your letter has reached its end.

While signing an application letter, be sure to include your typed full name. Don’t forget to include your relevant contact information, such as your email address or phone number. This will make it easy for the recipient to get in touch with you if they have any questions or require additional information.

Here’s an example of a proper letter ending for your application letter:

[Space for physical signature, if applicable] Your Full Name [email protected] +1-234-567-8901

Post-Writing: Proofreading and Correcting

After writing your application letter, it’s essential to proofread and correct any errors or inconsistencies. This process will help ensure that you submit a polished and professional document that impresses potential employers.

Correcting Grammar and Punctuation

First, focus on your grammar and punctuation. A well-written letter that follows proper grammar rules is more likely to capture the reader’s attention and convey your message effectively.

  • As you’re reading through your letter, keep an eye out for missing or misplaced commas, semicolons, and other punctuation marks.
  • Check for sentence fragments or run-on sentences that make your message unclear.
  • Look for subject-verb agreement issues, as well as any awkward phrasing or wordiness.
  • Ensure consistency in tense and voice throughout the letter.

Checking for Spelling Mistakes

Your next step should be checking for spelling mistakes. Misspelled words can distract the reader and make your application appear less polished.

  • Run your text through a spellchecker; most word processing programs have this feature built-in.
  • Take the time to read through your letter carefully, word-by-word, to catch any errors the spellchecker may have missed.
  • Double-check the spelling of names, addresses, and other specific information to make sure they’re correct.

Examples of Successful Application Letters

When writing an application letter, it’s essential to tailor it to the specific job posting . Check out these examples to help you create a winning letter for different scenarios.

Dear [Hiring Manager],

I’m excited to apply for the Sales Representative position at [Company Name]. With my proven sales record and strong interpersonal skills, I believe I would be a valuable asset to your team.

In my previous role at [Previous Company], I consistently exceeded sales targets and established strong relationships with clients. I’m confident that my experience and passion for sales will contribute to the ongoing success of [Company Name].

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to discussing my qualifications and how I can contribute to the growth of [Company Name].

Sincerely, [Your Name]

As a creative and skilled Graphic Designer, I am thrilled to apply for the position at [Company Name]. My expertise in Adobe Creative Suite and concept development aligns with the requirements laid out in the job posting.

In my previous role at [Previous Company], I created visually appealing and engaging content for various marketing campaigns. My designs helped increase brand recognition and lead to a 20% increase in social media engagement. I am eager to use my talents and contribute to the visual identity of [Company Name].

I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my skills and portfolio with you. Thank you for considering my application.

Best regards, [Your Name]

As an experienced Office Manager with a strong background in time management and organization, I am eager to apply for the position at [Company Name]. Your commitment to efficiency and supporting your employees is in line with my work values.

During my tenure at [Previous Company], I streamlined scheduling and developed procedures that led to a 30% reduction in office expenses. My proactive approach to problem-solving and ability to create a productive work environment contribute to my effectiveness as an Office Manager.

I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to contribute to the success of [Company Name] by enhancing office operations. Thank you for considering my application.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the key components of an application letter.

An application letter should include the following key components:

  • Contact information: Start by writing your name, address, phone number, and email address.
  • Salutation: Address the recipient professionally, using their name when possible.
  • Opening paragraph: Introduce yourself and state the position you’re applying for.
  • Body paragraphs: Highlight your relevant skills, experience, and accomplishments.
  • Closing paragraph: Reiterate your interest in the position, provide your contact information, and thank the reader for considering your application.
  • Sign-off: Use a polite closing, such as “Sincerely” or “Best regards,” followed by your name.

Can you provide a step-by-step guide on writing a cover letter?

  • Review the job posting and research the company to understand their needs and values.
  • Write your contact information at the top of the letter.
  • Use a professional salutation and address the recipient by name, if possible.
  • Craft an engaging opening paragraph that states the position you’re applying for and how you learned about it.
  • Write body paragraphs that showcase your relevant skills, experience, and accomplishments, drawing connections to the requirements mentioned in the job posting.
  • In the closing paragraph, restate your interest in the position and thank the reader for their time.
  • Sign off with a polite closing and your name, followed by your phone number and email address.

What are some tips for writing an effective application letter?

To write an effective application letter:

  • Tailor the content: Focus on the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the specific job posting.
  • Use strong action words: Highlight your achievements using action verbs, such as “managed,” “achieved,” or “developed.”
  • Proofread for errors: Thoroughly check your letter for spelling and grammatical errors before sending.
  • Maintain a professional tone: Write your letter with a confident and respectful tone, avoiding slang or overly casual language.

How do you customize your cover letter for different job positions?

Make sure to modify your application letter to suit the specific job and company you’re applying to. Analyze the job posting to understand the key requirements and skills the employer is looking for. Emphasize how your experiences and abilities address these needs. Research the company to understand their values and culture, and incorporate that knowledge into your letter to show you would be a good fit for their organization.

What are some common cover letter mistakes to avoid?

Some common mistakes to avoid in cover letters include:

  • Not customizing your letter for each job or company
  • Focusing too much on yourself and not on the needs of the employer
  • Including too much information or making the letter too long
  • Repeating your resume verbatim without providing more context
  • Failing to proofread for spelling and grammatical errors

How can I make my application letter stand out from the competition?

To make your application letter stand out:

  • Use a compelling opening to grab the reader’s attention.
  • Show enthusiasm for the position and the company.
  • Make sure your letter is well-organized and visually appealing, with a professional font and layout.
  • Tailor your letter to the specific job and company, focusing on the most relevant skills and experiences.
  • Offer examples of your achievements to demonstrate your ability to succeed in the role.
  • Proofread your letter to ensure it is error-free and polished.
  • How to Write a Letter of Employment (Templates, Examples)
  • How to Write a Job Offer Thank-You Letter
  • How to Write Resume Job Descriptions (Examples)
  • Job Application Email (Templates, Examples)
  • How to Ask for a Letter of Recommendation [Examples]
  • How to Write an Effective Performance Review (Essential Steps)

Published In: Letters

Writing a Job Application Letter (Samples & Examples)

Table of Contents

Often, employers prefer that job applicants furnish them with a professionally written application letter for an open position instead of sending them their resume and cover letter. A job application letter is usually used when applying for a role when the role focuses more on their personality than all other aspects. A job application letter reflects more details about the applicant, whereas the resume focuses on their professional experiences and skills.

What is a Job Application Letter?

A job application letter is a standalone document submitted to the potential employer by the applicant expressing their interest in an open position. The application letter explains who you are, either as an individual or as a professional. The application letter should highlight your skills and achievements, helping to capture the recruiter’s attention responsible for reviewing job applications.

When properly drafted, an application letter explains to the recipient why they should book you for an interview and outlines the significant qualifications that make you the perfect candidate for the position. A professionally written job application letter can create a great first impression and help set you apart from thousands of applicants.

Difference Between a Job Application Letter and a Cover Letter

The key difference between a job application letter and a cover letter is that;

  • Cover letters only define the applicants’ professional qualifications and the reason for writing the letter, while;
  • The job application letter outlines the applicants’ skills, qualifications, strengths, and previous job experiences that are related to the position that they are applying for.

How to Write a Job Application Letter 

When drafting your job application letter, follow these steps to ensure that you include all the information about yourself and your professional experience that will help you seize the hiring managers’ attention: 

Do your research about the organization and the open positions

You must draft a new job application letter for each position you are applying for. This is important so as not to sound generic. By writing from scratch, you will also be able to include pertinent details about the position you are applying for and show your interest in that specific role. Go through the job advert and the company’s website and compare the qualifications and experience with the list of skills and qualifications listed in the job posting. You may also want to brainstorm some of your significant experiences related to the position you are applying for. 

Use a professional format

All job application letters should follow a standard format and should be professionally written. The letter should be single-spaced, have a one-inch margin, and should be left-aligned. Also, you should consider using a more professional and traditional font such as Times New Roman- font size twelve. Try to tailor your letter to fit on one page of printed paper. 

Use a formal business heading

When writing your job application letter, you should use a formal business heading. The heading of your application letter should include your name, your contact information, the date of writing, and the company’s name and address. 

Address the letter to the right recipient 

When gathering information about the company, try and find out the name of the person that you are to send the letter to. In most cases, the person you are supposed to send the letter to is usually included in the job advert, if not try and contact the company and find out their name. 

Start by describing your interest

In your first paragraph, mention the position that you are applying for and where you saw the job listing. Include your interest in the position and provide a brief description of your experiences and qualifications that make you the best candidate for the role.

Outline your skills, experiences, and qualifications

In the next few paragraphs of your job application letter, outline your skills, experiences, and qualifications poised in a way that aligns with the company’s mission and vision statements. 

Include aspects of your personality

When writing your application letter, focus on how you can incorporate aspects of your personality. An engaging letter is more likely to attract the attention of the reader, especially when they can get an idea of how you will be an asset to their team. 

Express appreciation

Before signing off on your job application letter, express your appreciation to the recipient of the letter for reviewing your application letter and considering you for the job. Remember that the hiring manager/potential employer is taking their time to go through your letter, so expressing your gratitude for the time that they spend is a polite and professional way to close your letter. 

Close the letter

Use a professional sign off to conclude your letter. Most people use “Best” or “Sincerely” to close the letter, but you can choose any other that is professional to use. 

Sending Your Job Application Letter 

Job application letter formats depending on whether one is sending it to their supervisor or the hiring manager. If you are looking to send your letter via email, your letter’s format will differ from a mailed or printed letter. When sending via email, your contact information should be at the bottom part of your letter for an email, below your full typed name.  

When you are sending your job application letter via email, it is important to consider the letter’s subject line. The subject line will, in most cases, determine whether the hiring manager opens your letter or not. Make sure to use a relevant subject line in your application, for instance; you can use something like, “Job application letter for the position of…” The best subject line is usually professional, polite, concise, and relevant. 

Free Job Application Letter Templates

Depending on how your choice of words, formatting, and length of your job application letter can either make or break you. To ensure that your job application letter has everything and is well structured, consider the following templates when writing:

Job-Application-Letter-Sample-01

Tips to Follow

When drafting your job application letter, make sure to follow these tips to ensure that you have included all the information that the hiring manager requires:

  • Emphasize your abilities and skills: your job application letter is an opportunity for you to introduce and sell yourself as the best candidate for the position that you are applying for. Include some specific situations in which you managed to properly apply your skills, experiences, and abilities to benefit the organization that you were working for. You can also include data to quantify and back up your claims
  • Keep the letter short: even though you may be tempted to include a lot of unnecessary details about yourself, it is important to be brief in your writing. If the potential employer or the hiring manager receives a letter that has several pages, they may not dedicate their time to go through it. A concise letter is more manageable and appealing to them.
  • Proofread your work: since the job application will serve as your first impression, you want to ensure that it sends a positive vibe to the recipient. Ensure that your letter is free of any grammatical errors and spelling mistakes to avoid a potentially negative first impression.
  • Close the letter with all the important details: thank the hiring manager for their time and consideration. Also, provide your contact information and mention how you will follow up.

Most companies usually receive thousands of applications for open positions every day, therefore for you to stand out, your letter should look good, and it must capture their attention from the onset. Having a well-drafted job application letter can greatly help you in getting your dream job. If your job application looks professional, then the hiring manager will be more likely to take it more seriously.

Related Documents

  • International edition
  • Australia edition
  • Europe edition

Type writer with "Dear Madam" written on it

Three excellent cover letter examples

Cover letters are the first chance you have to impress an employer – they’re not just a protective jacket for your CV. Here’s our guide on what to include and how to format them

  • More CV and cover letter templates
  • Looking for a job? Explore the range of vacancies on Guardian Jobs and find the perfect role for you

The first thing a potential employer sees in your job application is the cover letter. This doesn’t just support your CV – it’s an opportunity for you to stand out from the crowd and persuade the recruiter to put you through to the next round.

Be wary of spending hours on perfecting your CV at the expense of your cover letter. If you need some inspiration on what to include and what format to use, here are our helpful guides – just remember not to copy them as exact templates.

1. Standard, conservative style

This is ideal for sectors such as business, law, accountancy and retail. For more creative sectors, a letter like this might be less appealing, and could work against you.

Dear Mr Black, Please find enclosed my CV in application for the post advertised in the Guardian on 30 November. The nature of my degree course has prepared me for this position. It involved a great deal of independent research, requiring initiative, self-motivation and a wide range of skills. For one course, [insert course], an understanding of the [insert sector] industry was essential. I found this subject very stimulating. I am a fast and accurate writer, with a keen eye for detail and I should be very grateful for the opportunity to progress to market reporting. I am able to take on the responsibility of this position immediately, and have the enthusiasm and determination to ensure that I make a success of it. Thank you for taking the time to consider this application and I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. Yours sincerely

2. Standard speculative letter

This may vary according to the nature of the organisation and the industry you’re applying to.

Dear Mr Brown, I am writing to enquire if you have any vacancies in your company. I enclose my CV for your information. As you can see, I have had extensive vacation work experience in office environments, the retail sector and service industries, giving me varied skills and the ability to work with many different types of people. I believe I could fit easily into your team. I am a conscientious person who works hard and pays attention to detail. I’m flexible, quick to pick up new skills and eager to learn from others. I also have lots of ideas and enthusiasm. I’m keen to work for a company with a great reputation and high profile like [insert company name]. I have excellent references and would be delighted to discuss any possible vacancy with you at your convenience. In case you do not have any suitable openings at the moment, I would be grateful if you would keep my CV on file for any future possibilities. Yours sincerely

3. Letter for creative jobs

We’ve used the example of a copywriter but you can adapt it for your profession. The aim of a creative letter is to be original and show you have imagination, but understand what the job entails. Balance is essential: don’t be too wacky, or it will turn off the reader.

Dear Ms Green, · Confused by commas? · Puzzled by parenthesis? · Stumped by spelling? · Perturbed by punctuation? · Annoyed at the apostrophe? (And alliteration?) Well, you’re not alone. It seems that fewer and fewer people can write. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of people who can read. So they’ll spot a gaffe from a mile off. And that means it’s a false economy, unless you’re 100% sure of yourself, to write your own materials. (Or to let clients do it for themselves.) To have materials properly copywritten is, when one considers the whole process of publishing materials and the impact that the client wishes to make, a minor expense. Sloppiness loses clients, loses customers. There is an answer. Me. Firm quotes are free. You can see some of what I do on my multilingual website at [insert web address]. If you’d like, I can get some samples out to you within 24 hours. And, if you use me, you’ll have some sort of guarantee that you can sleep soundly as those tens of thousands of copies are rolling off the presses. Luck shouldn’t come into it! With kindest regards

Other helpful resources

How to write a perfect CV and cover letter

Applying for jobs without experience? How to build and sell your skills

Five steps to the perfect graduate CV

School-leavers and graduates: how to write your first CV

How to write a personal statement for your CV

CV templates to fit every stage of your career

Looking for a job? Browse Guardian Jobs for your next career step.

  • Guardian Careers
  • CV and cover letter examples
  • Covering letters

Comments (…)

Most viewed.

For enquiries call:

+1-469-442-0620

banner-in1

How to Write a Job Application Letter that Gets Noticed?

Home Blog others How to Write a Job Application Letter that Gets Noticed?

Play icon

Are you looking for a job? If so, I feel you must start preparing to highlight your skills and experience to get the hiring management’s attention. Drawing from years of experience in HR, I can say that a job application letter is important for securing lucrative employment opportunities. Despite the fact that many employers may not ask for it, you must learn how to write a job application letter that gets noticed instantly.

That is why I will help you learn how to write a good application letter. I will discuss some samples and examples of job application letters that will help you become well-versed in writing them.

What is an Application Letter?

A job application letter, often called a cover letter, is a formal document that is sent with the resume of an applicant to highlight his/her qualifications, experiences, and reason for applying to a specific job position in the company. As I see it, the letter wants to acquaint the candidate with the employer and to display why the writer is qualified for the particular vacancy. This letter will lay emphasis on the issues that the candidates who are applying for the job position can benefit from.

The main elements of a   simple application letter comprise the applicant's contact details, the Recipient's details, a salutation, the opening sentence, and relevant experience and professional skills. The last sentence shows appreciation for the opportunity and also invites further communication.

You can take the KnowledgeHut online certification course to learn more about how to write a job application letter.

How to Write a Job Application?

It is important for you that you accentuate the fact that your resume is a perfect match to the mentioned position in your job application. It is a good move to find time to scrutinize the job description provided and carry out sufficient research about the company before visiting the workplace. Now, I have curated a step-by-step guide that shows you to learn how to write a job application:

Read the Job Advertisement

List the company's job statement in terms of abilities and work experience and match it with your own skills and work experience. I suggest you highlight the words that reveal the central data presented in your application message. This will demonstrate your readiness to take on the challenge and your commitment to succeeding in the job they have offered. I suggest finding out as much as you can about the company and letting them know about your knowledge of their business.

Review Professional Letter Formats

It would be best for you to review the accepted professional formats to learn   how to write a job application letter. You can adapt one of those for your purpose. Let me give an example: some individuals use left alignment with single spacing, a professional font of 10 to 12 points, and one-inch margins. Make sure that the letter format looks clean, and try to keep the information concise and on topic.

Write a Clear Heading

The letter components must include your name, email, phone number, address, and date, like the case where the job application letter will be hard copied. I would suggest providing the name of the hiring manager or recruiter, the name of the company, and its physical address. Nevertheless, I believe that this is not mandatory when you are applying for a job via email. However, you can include it below your signature if you want the employer to have that information.

Address the Job Application to the Right Person

Make sure you know the name of the recruiter or manager involved in the hiring process so you have their names on the letter of application. For instance, "Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms." might be used with the proper last name. If you cannot find their name, I usually use "To the Hiring Manager" or "Sir/Madam." Addressing the right person with their title and taking a courteous approach will help you grab their attention and encourage them to read your application further.

Expressing Interest in the Job

Start your job application letter by mentioning your professional title. I recommend stating the job position you are applying for and where you came across the job advertisement. In the same paragraph, detail the skills, qualifications, and work experiences that make you suitable for the position.

Describe Your Eligibility for the Specific Job

You can elaborate further on your respective work experience in the next paragraphs. I think this step, along with writing   a job application letter, will help show how you can fulfill all job requirements. You could also talk about specific work projects where you carried out similar responsibilities successfully. Knowing how to write a job application letter in this manner will enable the recruiter to assess your capability for the popular job position without needing to review a separate resume.

Highlight Your Attributes

You can mention certain personal aspects that align with the job requirements to emphasize your eligibility for the position further. For example, you could discuss how your outgoing personality facilitates strong rapport with team members, highlighting your ability to communicate effectively or make decisive decisions. This approach allows you to illustrate how your personal qualities contribute to being a valuable team player.

Tips to Write a Well-Crafted Application Letter

Now that you know   how to write a job application letter , let me highlight some additional tips for your reference.

  • Research the Company : Before writing your application letter, research the company to understand its culture, values, and mission. Customizing your letter to align with the company's ethos can make a strong impression.
  • Address the Recipient Properly:  Whenever possible, address the Recipient by their name and job title. Try to express yourself concisely, using a personal form along with a proper address, and never settle for "To Whom It May Concern." It is better to write individually in the address to achieve efficiency and maximum effect.
  • Customize Each Letter:  Write your application letter in a unique way to ensure each letter is original. It is important to describe in detail which occurrences, lessons, or achievements ignited in you a desire to join a specific body.
  • Be Concise and Focused:  Do not make your emails too long or too detailed that will be repeated or reused. Keep the content brief and make sure all essential things are not being left out. Make use of bullet points and short paragraphs to emphasize important details.
  • Showcase Your Achievements:  State and order the sentence that contains the most impressive achievement during your career. Spotlight your abilities by means of techniques such as showing your accomplishments, and your state will become tangible and powerful.
  • Express Enthusiasm and Interest: Emphasize the eagerness and willingness to work in and for that company. Allow your cover letter to tell a story of how the company means as much to you as your desire to work there.
  • Proofread Carefully:  Ensure you proofread your application letter to catch all the misspellings and grammar mistakes. Quality control also involves having a buddy or coworker’s review of the product.
  • Follow the Format:  Make your letter of application a standard business communication according to the rules. This may be a letterhead with all your contact details, an opening greeting, a brief introductory paragraph, the main paragraphs, and a closing paragraph.
  • End with a Strong Closing: Conclude your application letter with a firm sentence expressing gratitude for being considered. This demonstrates that you view the interview as an opportunity to discuss your qualifications in greater depth.
  • Follow-Up: If you haven't heard back from the employer after submission, consider sending a diplomatic email or making a polite phone call to inquire about the status of your application.

A job application letter showcases your qualifications, including educational background, career expertise, and competencies, to prospective employers. It acts as an additional document, complementing your official resume and allowing the HR department to fully understand your potential. In this guide, I have already outlined a comprehensive list of detailed steps for writing a perfect application.

Nevertheless, knowing how to write a job application letter is not enough if you do not take formal training in this field. I recommend taking free certification courses from KnowledgeHut to learn more about such workplace communications for career enhancement.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Your job application letter writing format should always be professional. It usually includes your name, date, contact details, and the respective company's information at the top. It would help if you also used a formal salutation. Examples include "Dear Mr./Ms./Dr. [Last Name]" or "Dear [Hiring Manager]."

The formal application simply refers to a solid form that serves as a central report for all the information collected throughout the selection process. It is filled out after the initial interview and signifies the perfect match between the candidate and the given position.

Accordingly, you can conclude your application letter with a professional line. The end of the letter must be formal, like 'thank you' or 'best regards'. For detailed guidance on how to write a job application letter, please consult this guide.

Profile

Abhresh Sugandhi

Abhresh is specialized as a corporate trainer, He has a decade of experience in technical training blended with virtual webinars and instructor-led session created courses, tutorials, and articles for organizations. He is also the founder of Nikasio.com, which offers multiple services in technical training, project consulting, content development, etc.

Avail your free 1:1 mentorship session.

Something went wrong

Course advisor icon

What is a Letter of Intent? How to Write One for a Job [+ Examples]

Stephanie Trovato

Published: March 14, 2024

Standard job applications have a standard set of practices. You turn in a resume and cover letter, and then, if selected, you move through a few rounds of interviews and get the job.

person at their computer writing a letter of intent

However, not all potential job opportunities start with an application. In fact, many begin with initiative from a job seeker.

Free Kit: Everything You Need for Your Job Search

Those job seekers will send in a letter of intent rather than a  cover letter . In this article, we’ll take a look at what a letter of intent is and highlight some strategies for writing the best LOI you can. We’ve even included a template to help you get started. 

Here’s what you’ll find:

What is a letter of intent?

Letter of intent vs. cover letter, letter of intent vs. letter of interest, when to use a letter of intent.

How to Write a Letter of Intent for a Job

Letter of Intent Samples

Letter of intent template.

A letter of intent is a less common way of expressing interest in a company. It targets reasons you’re looking for opportunities with a specific organization.

A letter of intent does include elements of a traditional cover letter, such as relevant experience and skills, but it’s used in slightly different contexts. LOIs emphasize alignment between a job seeker and an organization.

letter of intent example for Publishing Now

There are a few key differences between a  cover letter  and a letter of intent, including:

Context. While a cover letter responds to a specific job listing, a letter of intent targets an organization more generally. It may or may not have a specific job opening at the time that the LOI is sent in.

Focus. A cover letter explains why an applicant is a  good fit for a specific role . An LOI, on the other hand, addresses an individual’s compatibility with an overall organization or more general role.

Initiative. A cover letter is a reactive document responding to a job opening. A letter of intent, however, demonstrates more initiative and provides information before an organization specifically requests it.

example of an application letter for job

22 Job Seeking Templates

Download this bundle of 22 expertly-crafted templates for cover letters, resignation notices, and resumes.

  • Resignation Letter Templates
  • Cover Letter Templates
  • Resume Templates

You're all set!

Click this link to access this resource at any time.

Letter of intent and  letter of interest  are often used interchangeably. While there are a lot of similarities between the two documents, there are also a few key differences:

Level of intent. Letters of intent have a high level of intentionality, while letters of interest are more exploratory. A letter of intent proposes action, while letters of interest are for information gathering.

Commitment level. A letter of intent is a high-commitment way of expressing interest in a company, while a letter of interest is a lower commitment. An individual is more likely to send out multiple letters of interest. 

Action orientation. A letter of intent always ends with a call to action, while a letter of interest is more laid-back and may not request anything specific from the recipient.

While both letters demonstrate initiative and are closely tailored to the company, they do serve slightly different purposes.

There are lots of scenarios where a job seeker may want to send out a letter of intent. Here are a few examples: 

You have a high level of interest in a specific company, but there’s not an open role.

You are interested in networking with a company in a committed way.

You want to reach out with a formal follow-up after a networking event.

You’re applying to a highly competitive field.

You’re aware of a potential job opportunity with an organization that hasn’t been published yet.

Additionally, students or job seekers switching industries may use letters of intent to apply to educational opportunities like internships and apprenticeships — though those may also be called  cover letters . 

when to use a letter of intent

How to Write a Letter of Intent

There are plenty of ways to approach writing a letter of intent for a job. Here’s a step-by-step process for writing your LOI draft:

1. Provide your contact information.  

At the top of your LOI, you’ll want to provide contact information so your recipient can contact you about future opportunities. This can include your phone number, email, and address.

2. Use an appropriate greeting.

For some opportunities, a formal greeting is appropriate. In other situations, a more informal approach may be ideal. If possible, address the specific recipient. 

3. Provide an introduction.  

In the intro paragraphs, you’ll want to tap into three specifics:

Who you are.

Why you’re reaching out.

How you got this company’s information.

Feel free to vary the order of this information. Your LOI intro may be formal or more playful, depending on who you are and the organization you’re submitting to.

4. Dive into your strengths and company alignment.  

An LOI is created to clearly convey why you’re a good fit for the organization. In the body paragraphs of your letter, you’ll want to explain:

  • Your strengths.
  • What you do.
  • How those things would fit with the organization.

5. Guide the conversation into the future.  

All LOIs end with a call to action, which is one of the things that differentiates it from a letter of interest or a cover letter. Map out potential next steps so it’s easy for the reader to take action. It could include:

A request to schedule a meeting.

Making a specific pitch.

Encouraging the recipient to send a follow-up email.

6. Write a thoughtful conclusion .

Conclude your LOI by reiterating your interest in the company. Make sure to thank the recipient for their time, too — there wasn’t a job opening request, so they took time out of their day to read your letter.

If you’re sending your LOI because of an internal referral, be sure to reference them within the letter. 

how to write a letter of intent

Let’s go through a few different samples of LOIs and highlight what each does well. Refer to these samples as you draft your own letter of intent for guidance on incorporating the elements of an LOI seamlessly.

Internal Connection

Dear Mr. Waterhouse, My name is Jennifer Orlando, and I am an accomplished sommelier with a decade of experience. I recently enjoyed a glass at your wine bar, and I would love to chat with you more if you’re hiring soon. My colleague, Jackson Marymount, has worked at Italiano Wine Bar for several years and highly recommends working with your organization. I have a wine service background and a Wine & Spirit Education Trust (WSET) Level 3 certification. I’m passionate about Italian wines — Nebbiolos are my favorite! Jackson says you’re a fan, as well. My passion for Italian wines, combined with my experience, make me a great candidate for Italiano Wine Bar if you’re ever in need of an extra hand. I appreciate you taking the time to read my letter today, and if you’d like to chat further, please email me, and we can schedule a time to sit down together. Thank you again for your time. Warm regards, Jennifer

In this letter of intent, Jennifer leverages an internal connection. This is a great way to earn a few extra points when explaining how you know about the business. Beyond that, Jennifer’s experiences align well with the work that the wine bar does.

What I like:  This letter of intent does a great job of personalization, weaving through the internal connection perfectly in a few different spots. A referral is a powerful aid to incorporate into an LOI, and Jennifer did a great job dropping hints of her connection.

Making a Pitch

Dear Elise, My name is Mark Morgan, and I’m a freelance graphic designer with a passion for bold marketing materials. I found your marketing company while on LinkedIn the other day, and I would love to collaborate with you in the future. As I read up on your company, I discovered a lot of similarities between my work and your organization. I, too, advocate for bright and forward advertising, and creating smart and attractive ads is my specialty. While I noticed you don’t have any posted project needs at this time, I was browsing your offerings and saw an opportunity to bolster your products. Your “Full-Stack Ad Copywriting” package covers strategy and copy, but it doesn’t offer graphic design. I’d love to bring my skills to the table to supplement your product. If you’d like to chat further, please shoot me an email, and we’ll set up a time to discuss potential collaboration. Thanks so much for taking the time to read my letter. Take care, Mark

What I like:  In this letter, Mark is making a pitch. He still covers the bases of a great LOI — discussing his strengths and alignment with the brand. But instead of just calling for a meeting, he makes a pitch that is specific to the organization. This provides value to the recipient and makes Mark look like a strong collaborator. 

Mark could benefit from HubSpot’s CMS Hub to manage his pitches. Lead generation and content creation are important parts of freelancing, and Mark needs to stay organized in order to do it well. Learn more about  HubSpot’s CMS Hub here .

Diving Into Alignment

Dear Michael, My name is Jordan, and I’m a non-profit manager. I’m reaching out today because I discovered your organization through one of my colleagues. I’d love to see if you’re in need of any managerial services. My values are in close alignment with the values of Trees 4 Life Canada. I’m dedicated to service and passionately believe saving the trees is one of the best ways we can save the world. I studied agriculture in college and have since dedicated my professional life to collaboration with tree nonprofits. If you’re seeking a manager in the near future, I’d love to be considered for the role. With my experience and alignment with your values, I’d surely be a great fit. Please feel free to send me an email at jordanlovestrees@example.com. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Jordan

Letters of intent are standard documents, so you don’t need to worry about reinventing the wheel each time you send one. Use this template as a resource to ensure your letter includes all the important parts.

[Your name]

[Your contact information]

[Recipient’s Name]

[Recipient’s contact information]

Dear  [Recipient or To Whom It May Concern] ,

My name is  [Your Name] ,  [title/relevant information about yourself] , and I heard about your organization through  [how you know the organization] . I’m reaching out to connect. I would love to chat if your team plans on expanding.

I have skills in  [skills]  that I believe would be a great fit for your organization. Your values of  [company values]  are in close alignment with my strengths, and I believe I could make a great contribution.

I believe that my  [abilities/skills/interests]  would benefit your company, and I’d love to talk more about any potential opportunities that arise with  [name of organization] . If interested, please reach out by  [phone/email]  to schedule a time to meet with me.

Thank you for taking the time to read my letter, and I hope to talk with you further in the future.

Of course, you’ll want to edit the template for tone and specifics related to yourself and the organization you’re contacting. 

Finding Success With a Great Letter of Intent

Sending a letter of intent can be vulnerable, but it’s a great way to make new connections and set yourself up for employment success.

Refer to these strategies, samples, and templates to make sure your LOI is going to be the most effective letter possible. Emphasize your alignment with the organization, and you’re sure to see success!

Apply for a job, keep track of important information, and prepare for an  interview with the help of this free job seekers kit.

Don't forget to share this post!

Related articles.

The Best 30-60-90 Day Plan for Your New Job [Template + Example]

The Best 30-60-90 Day Plan for Your New Job [Template + Example]

How to Write a Respectable Resignation Letter [+Samples & Templates]

How to Write a Respectable Resignation Letter [+Samples & Templates]

12 Incredible Answers to

12 Incredible Answers to "What Is Your Greatest Weakness?" — That Aren't "Perfectionism"

20 Creative Interview Questions (With Sample Answers)

20 Creative Interview Questions (With Sample Answers)

The Best Fonts for Your Resume in 2023, According to HubSpot Recruiters

The Best Fonts for Your Resume in 2023, According to HubSpot Recruiters

26 Quotes to Inspire Your Job Search

26 Quotes to Inspire Your Job Search

The Job Search Process: 10 Tips on How to Land Your Dream Job (+3 Resume Examples)

The Job Search Process: 10 Tips on How to Land Your Dream Job (+3 Resume Examples)

Instagram and TikTok Resumes: Are Marketing Managers Watching Them?

Instagram and TikTok Resumes: Are Marketing Managers Watching Them?

The Great Resignation: How It's Changing Hiring for Companies and Job Prospects [+ Expert Insight]

The Great Resignation: How It's Changing Hiring for Companies and Job Prospects [+ Expert Insight]

10 Essential Job Search Strategies to Help Land Your Next Big Gig

10 Essential Job Search Strategies to Help Land Your Next Big Gig

22 resignation letter, resume, and cover letter templates.

Marketing software that helps you drive revenue, save time and resources, and measure and optimize your investments — all on one easy-to-use platform

  • Resume Writing
  • Resume Examples
  • Cover Letter
  • Remote Work
  • Famous Resumes
  • Try Kickresume

How to Write a Cover Letter for an Internship? (+5 Real Internship Cover Letter Examples)

  • Julia Mlcuchova , 
  • Updated March 20, 2024 8 min read

Trying to figure out how to write a cover letter for an internship ? Look no further!

POV: After weeks and weeks of searching for the right internship opportunity, you've finally found it. But, at the end of the posting, there's a single short sentence that takes you aback:  “Please, attach a cover letter to your application .”

Although some consider cover letter writing to be a relic of the past, it still holds its rightful place in the professional world. 

Because a well-written and persuasive cover letter can sometimes make up for the lack of work experience on your resume . And if you're trying to apply for an internship , this is probably your case, too. 

So, continue reading this article and learn: 

  • What is a cover letter for an internship;
  • Whether you need to attach a cover letter to your internship application;
  • How to write one in 7 steps;
  • 5 real-life internship cover letter examples .

Table of Contents

Click on a section to skip

What is a cover letter for an internship?

Do you need a cover letter for an internship, how to write a cover letter for an internship in 7 steps, 5 real-life internship cover letter examples, key takeaways: how to write a cover letter for an internship.

Generally speaking, an internship cover letter is a formal document that accompanies your resume when applying for an internship. 

When it comes to its content, a cover letter for an internship falls somewhere between a traditional cover letter and a motivational letter . 

  • A traditional cover letter , used by job applicants with years of experience, is supposed to underline some of the candidate's most relevant and impressive skills, qualifications, and work achievements . 
  • A motivational letter , used mostly in academia, aims to communicate one's passion for the subject, their motivation, and personal goals . 

Hence, a cover letter for an internship combines the purpose of the traditional cover letter (convincing the recruiters that you're the right person for the job) with the tone and strategy of the motivational letter (writing about personal motivations and goals).

A truly successful internship cover letter should answer the following questions:

  • Who are you? 
  • Why are you interested in this particular internship?
  • Why are you the best fit for this internship?
  • What do you want to gain from this internship?

Absolutely! 

In fact, you should always attach a cover letter to your internship application , even if it isn't explicitly required from you.  

Why, you ask? 

Well, consider this: Internships are crucial stepping stones towards your dream career. And they're also incredibly competitive. A single internship opening can be answered by tens of applicants at a time. 

But how can you stand out from a crowd of equally inexperienced candidates? Certainly not by your non-existent professional accomplishments, right? 

When companies look for interns, they don't expect you to have a ton of real-life experience. They aren't looking for a “finished product,” but for someone with a genuine desire to learn and enthusiasm for the job. 

And these two are your weapons of choice!

How can a cover letter for an internship help you?

Apart from the reasons mentioned above, your internship cover letter is also responsible for: 

  • Conveying first impression. Usually, recruiters will read your cover letter before looking at your resume. So, it's the perfect opportunity to introduce yourself to them in a memorable way. 
  • Showing your efforts. Next, taking the time to craft a thoughtful cover letter shows that you're willing to put in that extra effort to stand out from the rest of the candidates. 
  • Highlighting your communication skills. Also, a well-written cover letter demonstrates your ability to articulate your thoughts clearly and professionally. 
  • Showing your professionalism. When you walk into a room, it's polite to introduce yourself and shake everybody's hand. This is exactly what a cover letter does! To attach one to your application is a common courtesy.

Now that you're familiar with the whats and whys , let's have a look at how to write a good cover letter for an internship step-by-step. 

For example : Application for [name of the internship] internship – Surname.

Then, place your contact information (your name; professional email address; phone number; link to your website / portfolio / social media accounts if relevant) directly into the header .

If you know the recipient's name, address them by “ Dear [full name] ,” or “ Dear Mrs/Mr [last name] ,”. If you don't know who to address the cover letter to , address it more generally to “Dear Hiring Manager,” .

In the first paragraph of your cover letter , start by stating your name and where you studied (including your current degree and year of study). Proceed by explaining how you came to know about the internship and what are your motivations for applying to it.

Since you don't have much work experience, you can talk about your academic achievements; relevant coursework; dissertation project; extracurricular activities; volunteering; membership in relevant societies, etc.

The closing paragraph of your cover letter should reiterate your desire to get the specific internship, express gratitude to the recipient for their time and consideration, and include a final call for action (i.e. "I look forward to discussing the next steps during an interview." )

Finally, based on how you greeted the recipient of your cover letter, you can sign off with either “ Yours sincerely ,” or “ Yours faithfully ,” . If you addressed the recruiter by their name, sign off with the former; if not, use the latter.

Don't feel like writing your internship cover letter by hand?

Let our AI cover letter writer create the first draft of your internship cover letter!

Undoubtedly, the best way to learn something is to look at specific examples . And that's exactly what we're going to do right now! 

Below, we've prepared 5 internship cover letters written by real people with the help of our cover letter templates .

And, each of them is accompanied by our internship cover letter writing tips that you can implement into your own cover letter! 

FYI, you can use each of these examples as the first draft for your very own internship cover letter – simply click on the red button and start personalising the text (or let AI handle it).

#1 Philips Marketing Intern Cover Letter Sample

Internship cover letter example:.

This cover letter sample was provided by a real person who got hired with Kickresume’s help.

What can you take away?

  • Eye-catching header.  Firstly, the header is visually clearly separated from the rest of the text. This makes the recruiters notice it immediately. Plus, the contact information of the company is also featured in the left-hand corner - just like it would be on an actual letter.
  • Research the company before applying. Notice sentences like: “ I really like and relate to what Philips stands for … ” and “ Furthermore, it is very appealing that Philips operates on an international level… ”.This shows that the candidate’s done a thorough research of the company's philosophy and structure.

#2 Warner Bros. Public Relations Intern Cover Letter Example

  • Share a personal story. This can help you establish a sentimental connection between you and the company. Show them that for you, working for their company means more than any old internship.
  • Name-drop a referral. Now, this is a little bit of a cheat code. But, if you happen to know about anyone who has worked/currently works for the company, slip their name into your cover letter.

#3 University of Massachusetts Boston Intern Cover Letter Example

What can you take away  .

  • Write about what you want to gain from the internship. It shows that you're not there just to have something to put on your resume; but that you’re motivated by the idea of gaining actual industry knowledge and skills.

#4 Audit/Tax Summer Internship at CohnReznick Cover Letter Sample

  • Mention any relevant academic activities. If you're wondering how to write a cover letter for an internship with no experience whatsoever, this is your way to go! For example, notice how this candidate noted all of his relevant courses, skills, association membership, and competition participation.
  • Focus on transferrable skills. Especially when your study programme doesn't necessarily fit the internship opening to a T. Instead, focus on any transferable skills you've picked up. 

#5 Intern at NBC Cover Letter Sample

  • Keep your opening and closing paragraphs short and sweet. As you can see in this example, it helps keep a certain visual harmony of the overall document. And, despite the length, both paragraphs do exactly what they're supposed to. Besides, recruiters might be discouraged to read the rest of your cover letter if your introductory paragraph is too long.

To sum it all up, an internship cover letter is a formal document that you submit together with your resume when applying for an internship. Its content should be something between a traditional cover letter and a motivational letter.

Its purpose is to introduce yourself to the recruiters in a more personal way than the resume allows. 

The main things you want your internship cover letter to communicate are:

  • who you are,
  • why you're interested in this opportunity,
  • what make you the best fit for the internship, 
  • your motivation (your long-term professional goals),
  • your desire to learn (what you want to gain from the experience).

To write a truly impactful and persuasive cover letter, we recommend following these 7 key steps: 

  • Specify which internship you're applying for in the subject line.
  • Include your contact information in a header.
  • Address the recipient appropriately.
  • Introduce yourself & your motivations in the opening paragraph.
  • Elaborate on why you're a good fit and what motivated you in body.
  • End your cover letter with a confident closing paragraph.
  • Finish off with a polite sign off. 

Finally, if you feel that the examples provided in this article aren't enough, you can always find more in our cover letter database . 

Julia has recently joined Kickresume as a career writer. From helping people with their English to get admitted to the uni of their dreams to advising them on how to succeed in the job market. It would seem that her career is on a steadfast trajectory. Julia holds a degree in Anglophone studies from Metropolitan University in Prague, where she also resides. Apart from creative writing and languages, she takes a keen interest in literature and theatre.

Related Posts

The cover letter is dead — who killed it (a murder mystery case), recruiter reveals: follow this cover letter outline for maximum success.

  • 14 min read

Share this article

Join our newsletter.

Every month, we’ll send you resume advice, job search tips, career hacks and more in pithy, bite-sized chunks. Sounds good?

  • Advice & Tips

Engineer Cover Letter Guide for 2024: Example and Template

March 21, 2024

Introduction

In today's competitive job market, both job seekers and employers face numerous challenges. For job seekers, standing out among a sea of applicants is essential to secure their dream engineering position. On the other hand, employers are constantly seeking top talent that not only possesses the required technical skills but also the ability to communicate effectively and fit well within their organization.

One crucial tool that can help engineers make a lasting impression and catch the attention of hiring managers is a well-crafted cover letter. An engineer cover letter serves as an introduction, highlighting key experiences, skills, and achievements that may not be fully captured in a resume. It provides a unique opportunity for candidates to showcase their personality, passion for engineering, and why they are the perfect fit for the role.

Importance of a Strong Engineer Cover Letter

As the job market becomes increasingly competitive, having a strong engineer cover letter is crucial for standing out among other applicants. Your cover letter serves as your first introduction to a potential employer and offers you the opportunity to showcase your unique qualifications and skills beyond what is mentioned in your resume.

The role of a cover letter in the job application process:

  • Personalized Introduction: A well-crafted engineer cover letter allows you to address the hiring manager directly, showcasing your interest in the specific company and position.
  • Highlighting Achievements: While your resume lists your work experience, the cover letter provides context for your accomplishments and how they align with the job requirements.
  • Demonstrating Communication Skills: Writing an engaging cover letter demonstrates your ability to communicate effectively, a vital skill in engineering roles that often require collaboration and clear articulation of ideas.
  • Showing Personality: Your cover letter gives insight into your personality, passion for engineering, and what drives you professionally, helping employers envision you as part of their team.

With recruiters and hiring managers often receiving numerous applications for a single position, a compelling engineer cover letter can make a significant difference in whether you advance to the interview stage. It provides a platform for you to address any career gaps, explain transitions between roles, or express your enthusiasm for the opportunity in a way that a resume cannot.

Employers value candidates who take the time to tailor their application materials, including cover letters, as it demonstrates a genuine interest in the position and company. A customized cover letter showcases your attention to detail and professionalism, qualities that are highly sought after in the engineering field.

Furthermore, in a digital age where automation plays a significant role in the initial screening of candidates, a well-written engineer cover letter can help your application bypass automated filters and reach the hands of hiring decision-makers. It adds a personal touch to your application, setting you apart from candidates who rely solely on their resumes to make an impression.

Key Components of an Engineer Cover Letter

When applying for an engineering position, a well-crafted cover letter can make all the difference in capturing the attention of hiring managers. Your cover letter should not only complement your resume but also highlight your qualifications and enthusiasm for the role. To ensure your engineer cover letter stands out, here are the key components you should include:

1. Contact Information

At the top of your cover letter, provide your contact information, including your full name, phone number, email address, and LinkedIn profile (if applicable). This information allows employers to reach out to you easily for further communication.

2. Salutation

Address the cover letter to the hiring manager or recruiter by using their name. If you are unsure about the recipient's name, you can simply write "Dear Hiring Manager." Avoid using generic salutations like "To Whom It May Concern."

3. Introduction Paragraph

The opening paragraph should clearly state the position you are applying for and where you found the job listing. Additionally, use this section to express your interest in the company and why you are excited about the opportunity.

4. Highlight Relevant Experience

In the body of your cover letter, detail your relevant experience and how it aligns with the job requirements. Focus on specific achievements or projects that demonstrate your skills and expertise as an engineer.

5. Showcase Your Skills

Include a section that showcases your technical skills, such as proficiency in programming languages, CAD software, or project management tools. Tailor these skills to match the job description to show that you are a good fit for the role.

6. Demonstrate Industry Knowledge

Illustrate your understanding of the industry by mentioning current trends, challenges, or innovations. Showing that you are up-to-date with the latest developments in engineering can set you apart from other candidates.

7. Closing Paragraph

Conclude your cover letter by reiterating your interest in the position and expressing your enthusiasm for the opportunity to contribute to the company. Thank the reader for considering your application and indicate your availability for an interview.

8. Professional Closing

End your cover letter with a professional closing, such as "Sincerely," followed by your full name. If you are submitting a digital cover letter, you can also include a digital signature.

By including these key components in your engineer cover letter, you can effectively showcase your qualifications and make a memorable impression on potential employers.

Engineer Cover Letter Example

Having a well-crafted cover letter is crucial when applying for engineering positions. It gives you the opportunity to showcase your skills, experiences, and enthusiasm for the job. To help you understand what a strong engineer cover letter looks like in practice, we have provided a sample below:

123 Main Street City, State ZIP Code [email protected] (123) 456-7890

Date: MM/DD/YYYY

Recipient's Name (if known) Company Name 456 Company Address City, State ZIP Code

Dear [Recipient's Name or Hiring Manager],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Specific Engineering Position] at [Company Name] as advertised on [Where You Found the Job Posting]. With a [Your Number of Years] years of experience in [Your Specific Field or Industry], I am confident in my ability to contribute effectively to your team.

During my time at [Previous Company or Educational Institution], I developed a strong foundation in [Specific Skills or Technologies Relevant to the Job]. One project that particularly stands out was when I [Briefly Describe Key Achievement or Project]. This experience not only honed my technical abilities but also strengthened my problem-solving and collaboration skills.

At [Current or Most Recent Company], I led a team of engineers to successfully [Describe Another Key Accomplishment or Project]. This demonstrated my capacity to manage complex tasks, communicate effectively with stakeholders, and deliver results under pressure.

I am excited about the opportunity to bring my unique blend of skills and passion for innovation to [Company Name]. I am confident that my background in [Relevant Experience or Knowledge] makes me a strong candidate for this role.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of discussing how my background, skills, and enthusiasms align with the needs of your team. Please find my resume attached for your review.

Enclosure: Resume

Engineer Cover Letter Template for 2024

As the job market continues to evolve, it's crucial for engineers to stay ahead of the competition by presenting themselves in the best light possible. One way to do this is through a well-crafted cover letter that showcases your skills and experiences effectively. To help you create a compelling engineer cover letter for 2024, we have put together a template for you to use as a guide:

Contact Information

Your Address

City, State, Zip Code

Email Address

Phone Number

LinkedIn Profile (Optional)

[Hiring Manager's Name]

[Company Name]

[Company Address]

Dear [Hiring Manager's Name],

Opening Paragraph

Introduce yourself and mention the specific engineering position you are applying for. Express your enthusiasm for the role and briefly highlight why you are a good fit for the position.

Body Paragraphs

  • Share your relevant engineering experience and technical skills.
  • Provide examples of projects you have worked on and the impact you have made.
  • Explain how your skills and qualifications align with the requirements of the job.
  • Showcase your problem-solving abilities and innovative approach to engineering challenges.

Closing Paragraph

Summarize your interest in the position and reiterate your enthusiasm for the opportunity to contribute to the company. Mention that you have enclosed your resume for further review.

Complimentary Close

Using this template as a foundation, customize each section to reflect your own experiences and achievements. Tailoring your cover letter to the specific job and company will greatly increase your chances of standing out to potential employers.

Tips for Writing an Effective Engineer Cover Letter

Crafting a compelling engineer cover letter requires attention to detail and a strategic approach to showcase your qualifications effectively. Here are some essential tips to help you create an impactful cover letter that stands out to potential employers:

Research the Company

Prior to drafting your cover letter, take the time to research the company you are applying to. Understanding their values, projects, and industry focus will allow you to tailor your cover letter to align with their specific needs.

Customize Your Content

Avoid sending out generic cover letters. Tailor each one to the job description and company requirements. Highlight relevant experience, skills, and achievements that match the job opening.

Showcase Your Achievements

Quantify your accomplishments with specific examples. Whether it's increasing efficiency in a previous role or completing a challenging project ahead of schedule, provide concrete evidence of your abilities.

Focus on What You Can Offer

Instead of solely emphasizing what you seek from the position, focus on what you can bring to the company. Demonstrate how your skills and expertise can contribute to the organization's success.

Keep It Concise

Recruiters often review numerous applications, so keep your cover letter concise and to the point. Aim for a length of around half to one page, and make every word count.

Use Keywords

Incorporate industry-specific keywords from the job listing into your cover letter. This not only helps ATS systems identify your application but also demonstrates your familiarity with the field.

Proofread Carefully

Ensure your cover letter is free of any typos or grammatical errors by proofreading it multiple times. Consider asking a friend or mentor to review it as well, providing valuable feedback.

Maintain a Professional Tone

Your cover letter should strike a balance between professionalism and authenticity. Avoid using overly formal language, but ensure your tone remains professional throughout.

By following these tips, you can create an engineer cover letter that effectively showcases your qualifications and motivates employers to consider you for the position.

Common Mistakes to Avoid in an Engineer Cover Letter

While drafting your engineer cover letter, it's crucial to be wary of common pitfalls that can hinder your chances of landing the job. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

1. Using a Generic Template

One of the biggest mistakes engineers make is using a generic cover letter template. Employers can easily spot a template that has been recycled and sent out en masse. Tailoring your cover letter to the specific company and position shows genuine interest and effort.

2. Focusing Solely on Technical Skills

While technical skills are essential for an engineering role, solely focusing on them in your cover letter can be a mistake. Employers also want to see your communication skills, problem-solving abilities, and how you work in a team. Make sure to highlight a mix of hard and soft skills.

3. Ignoring the Job Description

Not paying attention to the job description and requirements is a common error. Your cover letter should directly address how your skills and experiences align with what the employer is seeking. Tailor each cover letter to the specific job opening.

4. Overusing Industry Jargon

While it's essential to showcase your industry knowledge, overloading your cover letter with technical jargon can be off-putting to hiring managers who may not be experts in your specific field. Use clear and concise language that any reader can understand.

5. Lengthy and Dense Paragraphs

Avoid writing long, dense paragraphs that make your cover letter difficult to read. Break up your content into shorter paragraphs and use bullet points to highlight key achievements or skills. Keep your cover letter concise and to the point.

6. Negativity or Criticism

Avoid any negative language about past employers, colleagues, or experiences in your cover letter. Stay positive and focus on your strengths and what you can bring to the potential employer. Criticizing previous situations reflects poorly on your professionalism.

7. Forgetting to Proofread

One of the most critical mistakes is forgetting to proofread your cover letter. Spelling mistakes, grammatical errors, and typos can give the impression of carelessness and lack of attention to detail. Always double-check your cover letter before sending it out.

Avoiding these common mistakes can help you create a strong engineer cover letter that grabs the employer's attention and increases your chances of securing an interview.

Expert Insights on Engineering Cover Letters

When it comes to creating a compelling engineer cover letter, experts in the field have invaluable tips and insights to share. We reached out to Sarah Johnson, the Founder of EngineeringYourFuture, a leading career coaching firm based in the USA, for her thoughts on what makes an outstanding engineering cover letter.

Sarah Johnson, Founder of EngineeringYourFuture

"A well-crafted engineer cover letter is your opportunity to showcase your personality, skills, and passion for the field. It should complement your resume by highlighting specific achievements and experiences that demonstrate your fit for the role."

According to our research, 76% of hiring managers consider a tailored cover letter important when evaluating job applications in the engineering sector. With this in mind, we also spoke with David Smith, a Senior Recruiter at TechTalent Inc., a reputable tech recruiting agency in the USA, to get his take on the significance of personalized cover letters.

David Smith, Senior Recruiter at TechTalent Inc.

"In today's competitive job market, a generic cover letter simply won't cut it. Candidates need to research the company and role they are applying for and customize their cover letter to demonstrate a genuine interest in the opportunity. This level of personalization can significantly impact a candidate's chances of securing an interview."

Experts advise that engineering professionals leverage their cover letters to not only communicate their technical abilities but also to showcase their soft skills and problem-solving capabilities. Jessica Thompson, an Engineering Manager at InnovateTech Solutions, emphasized the importance of balancing technical prowess with interpersonal skills.

Jessica Thompson, Engineering Manager at InnovateTech Solutions

"Engineers often focus on showcasing their technical skills in a cover letter, which is crucial. However, equally important is demonstrating how you work in a team, communicate complex ideas effectively, and approach challenges with creativity. A well-rounded engineer cover letter paints a comprehensive picture of your suitability for the role."

As the job market continues to evolve, staying updated on industry trends and tailoring your cover letter to meet employer expectations is becoming increasingly essential. By incorporating expert advice and best practices into your engineer cover letter, you can set yourself apart from the competition and position yourself as a top candidate in the eyes of potential employers.

The Future of Engineer Cover Letters

In today's rapidly evolving job market, the role of cover letters in the recruitment process is also changing. As technology advances and recruitment practices adapt, the future of engineer cover letters is likely to see some key trends:

Rise of AI-Driven Personalization

Experts predict that artificial intelligence (AI) will play a more significant role in tailoring cover letters to specific job requirements. AI algorithms can analyze job descriptions, match them with candidates' qualifications, and generate personalized cover letters automatically. This level of personalization can help engineers stand out in a competitive job market.

Integration of Multimedia Elements

With the increasing popularity of video resumes and online portfolios, engineer cover letters may also start incorporating multimedia elements. In the future, job seekers could include links to project videos, interactive prototypes, or virtual tours of their work to provide employers with a more comprehensive view of their capabilities.

Emphasis on Soft Skills and Cultural Fit

While technical skills are essential for engineers, recruiters are placing a growing emphasis on soft skills and cultural fit within organizations. Cover letters of the future may focus more on how engineers work in teams, communicate complex ideas, and adapt to diverse workplace environments. Highlighting these aspects can help candidates showcase their holistic suitability for the role.

Interactive Application Platforms

Job application platforms are becoming more interactive and user-friendly. In the future, engineers may have access to innovative tools that guide them through creating dynamic cover letters, complete with interactive templates, real-time feedback, and suggestions for improvement. These platforms can streamline the application process and enhance the overall candidate experience.

As the landscape of engineering jobs continues to evolve, staying abreast of these emerging trends in cover letter writing can give job seekers a competitive edge. By embracing technological advancements and focusing on personalization and soft skills, engineers can craft compelling cover letters that resonate with employers looking for top talent.

As the job market for engineers continues to evolve, a well-crafted cover letter remains an essential tool for both job seekers and employers. A strong engineer cover letter not only highlights a candidate's skills and experiences but also serves as a demonstration of their communication abilities and professionalism.

For job seekers, a meticulously written engineer cover letter can set them apart from the competition and increase their chances of securing an interview. By showcasing their passion for engineering, relevant accomplishments, and alignment with the company's values, candidates can make a lasting impression on hiring managers.

Employers, on the other hand, rely on cover letters to gain deeper insights into a candidate's motivations, work ethic, and cultural fit within the organization. A compelling engineer cover letter helps recruiters and hiring managers identify top talent and envision how a potential hire could contribute to the company's success.

In conclusion, mastering the art of crafting an impactful engineer cover letter is crucial for anyone seeking to advance their engineering career. By understanding the key components, following best practices, and avoiding common pitfalls, job seekers can enhance their job application strategies and stand out in a sea of applicants. As the landscape of engineering jobs continues to change, a well-written cover letter remains a timeless tool that can open doors to exciting career opportunities.

example of an application letter for job

IMAGES

  1. 49 Best Letter Of Application Samples (+"How to Write" Guide) ᐅ

    example of an application letter for job

  2. Official Job Application Letter

    example of an application letter for job

  3. Official Job Application Letter

    example of an application letter for job

  4. FREE 8+ Job Application Letter Samples for Employment in MS Word

    example of an application letter for job

  5. Job Application Letter Format & Samples

    example of an application letter for job

  6. Official Job Application Letter

    example of an application letter for job

VIDEO

  1. Job Application letter writing

  2. HOW TO WRITE JOB APPLICATION LETTER

  3. Letter for job in company || Job application letter sample/format in english || Job application

  4. How To Write Application Letters For Jobs And Government

  5. How to write job application letter #shorts

  6. JOB APPLICATION LETTER || JOB APPLICATION FORMAT

COMMENTS

  1. How To Write an Application Letter (With Template and Example)

    The image is titled Cover Letter vs Resume. An example cover letter is on the left with tips written below it. The cover letter reads: Malik Rabb (123)456-7891 [email protected] May 1, 2020 Dear Hiring Manager, I am grateful for the opportunity to apply for the associate marketing position at Retail Ocean. Storytelling through marketing is a true passion of mine, and I graduated with a four-year ...

  2. How to Write a Letter of Application (Example & Tips)

    This is an example of a good job application letter header: 2. Address the hiring manager. The next part of your cover letter is the contact person's information and a salutation (also called a greeting). To get started, write the hiring manager's contact information at the top-left of your letter of application, including their name ...

  3. Sample Cover Letter for a Job Application

    Review what to include in a job application letter, tips for writing a letter that will get your application notice, and examples of letters and email messages sent to apply for a job. Key Takeaways An application letter accompanies a resume and may be uploaded to a job portal, sent via email, or even sent by postal mail, depending on the ...

  4. How To Write a Job Application Letter (With Examples)

    Heading: A letter of application should begin with both your and the employer's contact information (name, address, phone number, email) followed by the date. If this is an email rather than an actual letter, include your contact information at the end of the letter, after your signature. Header Examples.

  5. 200+ Professional Cover Letter Examples for Job Seekers

    Finally, it's clear the writer of this cover letter is committed to the new job. They even worked on their skills to prepare for this change in profession. Taking a 150-hour course and volunteering are both great signs our candidate is dedicated to switching industries. 6. Cover letter for promotion example.

  6. 60+ Cover Letter Examples in 2024 [For All Professions]

    Middle Management Cover Letter Example #4. Business Manager Cover Letter Example #5. Ph.D. Cover Letter Example #6. Senior Executive Cover Letter Example #7. Architect Cover Letter Example #8. Business Analyst Cover Letter Example #9. Consultant Cover Letter Example #10. Digital Marketing Cover Letter Example #11.

  7. Cover Letter Samples and Templates

    Cover Letter Samples. When you're applying for a job, a cover letter lets you show a personal side and demonstrate why hiring you is a smart decision. Cover letters should be around three paragraphs long and include specific examples from your past experience that make you qualified for the position.A cover letter should include the following ...

  8. How to Write a Cover Letter in 2024 + Examples

    Header - Input contact information. Greeting the hiring manager. Opening paragraph - Grab the reader's attention with 2-3 of your top achievements. Second paragraph - Explain why you're the perfect candidate for the job. Third paragraph - Explain why you're a good match for the company.

  9. How to Write an Effective Application Letter [with Example & Tips]

    An application letter is a document similar to a cover letter or a resume that job seekers submit when they are interested in a role.. The document is similar to a cover letter, and it should follow business letter formatting.. Before writing an application letter, you should research the company and read the job ad to find out which skills and qualifications are needed.

  10. How To Write A Job Application Letter (With Examples)

    An application letter sent through email requires a subject line that details your purpose for writing— consider " [job title], [your name].". The placement of your contact information is also different depending on the medium. In a hard copy, this goes at the top of your letter, as a header.

  11. Job Application Letter: Examples, What to Include & Writing Tips

    A job application letter explains why you're applying for this position and what makes you qualified. An application letter closely resembles the function of a cover letter. It demonstrates your relevant qualifications for the position and convinces the employer to call you for an interview. This article will guide you on how to write an application letter for employment and feature samples of ...

  12. Application Letter Templates for Your Career

    Internship application. Dear [Hiring manager name], This letter is in reference to the [name of internship] opportunity at [company name], where I hope to start my career in [industry]. I'm interested in pursuing [career path] because [reasons for applying] and feel that I could contribute [list of skills] to your company during my internship.

  13. The Best Cover Letter Examples for Any Job Seeker

    Don't fret! We've got examples of four types of cover letters below: a traditional cover letter, an impact cover letter, a writing sample cover letter, and a career change cover letter. So let's take a look at these examples, why they work, and how you can use them to craft your own. 0 seconds of 1 minute, 33 secondsVolume 90%. 00:00.

  14. How to Write a Job Application Letter (+ Samples)

    Date: As with any official letter, include the date of your letter a few lines below the address. Subject line: The subject of your email should make the manager want to read more and not automatically press the 'delete' button. It could be something like: 'Social Media Expert with over 5 Years of Experience'.

  15. How to Write an Application Letter—Examples & Guide

    Letters of application are essential in the job market, so don't risk losing to other candidates just because you didn't write one. 2. Address Your Letter of Application Properly. Addressing an application letter is simple. Firstly, include your contact information in the header of the application letter : Full name.

  16. How to Write an Effective Application Letter (Examples)

    Examples of Successful Application Letters. When writing an application letter, it's essential to tailor it to the specific job posting. Check out these examples to help you create a winning letter for different scenarios. Example 1: Dear [Hiring Manager], I'm excited to apply for the Sales Representative position at [Company Name].

  17. Letter of Application: Job Example, Format & How-To Guide

    Format of an Application Letter. Create enough spacing: 1-1.15 between lines, 1-inch margins, double space between paragraphs. Choose the font: Garamond, Helvetica, or Arial in 11-12 points in a font size. Align the content to the left. Pick the file format: PDF, unless the recruiter requested a Word file specifically.

  18. 15 Cover Letter Templates to Perfect Your Next Job Application

    By combining all the elements to a cover letter, this is a great example to use for inspiration. Featured Resource:5 Professional Cover Letter Templates. Download These Templates for Free. 14 Free Cover Letter Templates for Your Next Job Application Template 1: Basic . Image Source. The example above is a basic (but great) cover letter.

  19. Writing a Job Application Letter (Samples & Examples)

    The key difference between a job application letter and a cover letter is that; Cover letters only define the applicants' professional qualifications and the reason for writing the letter, while; The job application letter outlines the applicants' skills, qualifications, strengths, and previous job experiences that are related to the ...

  20. How To Write a Cover Letter (With Examples and Tips)

    Review the job description, then read the cover letter. In the first example, you'll see how specific phrases from the job description are used in the letter. The second example takes a more creative approach, telling a personal story and appealing more abstractly to the attributes called for in the job posting. Both are less than 300 words long.

  21. How to Write a Job Application Letter: Sample Included

    4. Address the letter to the right person. Find out the name of the recruiter or the hiring manager and address the application letter to them. You could write "Hello, Mr./Mrs./Ms." or "Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms." and follow that with their surname. If you can't find their name, use "To the Hiring Manager" or "Sir/Madam."

  22. Three excellent cover letter examples

    Yours sincerely. 3. Letter for creative jobs. We've used the example of a copywriter but you can adapt it for your profession. The aim of a creative letter is to be original and show you have ...

  23. How to Write a Job Application Letter that Gets Noticed?

    Tips to Write a Well-Crafted Application Letter. Now that you know how to write a job application letter, let me highlight some additional tips for your reference. Research the Company: Before writing your application letter, research the company to understand its culture, values, and mission. Customizing your letter to align with the company's ...

  24. What is a Letter of Intent? How to Write One for a Job [+ Examples]

    However, not all potential job opportunities start with an application. In fact, many begin with initiative from a job seeker. Those job seekers will send in a letter of intent rather than a cover letter.In this article, we'll take a look at what a letter of intent is and highlight some strategies for writing the best LOI you can.

  25. How to Write a Cover Letter For an Internship (+5 Real Examples)

    A traditional cover letter, used by job applicants with years of experience, is supposed to underline some of the candidate's most relevant and impressive skills, qualifications, and work achievements. A motivational letter, used mostly in academia, aims to communicate one's passion for the subject, their motivation, and personal goals.

  26. Engineer Cover Letter Guide for 2024: Example and Template

    Cover letters of the future may focus more on how engineers work in teams, communicate complex ideas, and adapt to diverse workplace environments. Highlighting these aspects can help candidates showcase their holistic suitability for the role. Interactive Application Platforms. Job application platforms are becoming more interactive and user ...

  27. College Student Resume Examples and Templates for 2024

    How To Write a College Student Resume. When applying to colleges, you may find some schools require a resume.You can write a great resume for your college applications by showing your relevant high school and other experiences and emphasizing how you've explored topics and pursued your interests. Incorporating this theme into each section of your resume can increase your chances of being ...